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Wang S, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu J, Hu Y, Tu Z. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from the tuna (Thunnus thynnus) muscle: Screening, interaction mechanism and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135469. [PMID: 39250996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the purpose was to screen novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs) from tuna muscle taking two-steps enzymatic hydrolysis (Neutrase and Alkaline). Following isolation and purification by ultrafiltration, the Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography based on active-guide, the amino acid sequence was identified using Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Five peptides were chose synthesized based on the in silico screening methods. Among these, the two novel ACEIPs LTGCP and YPKP showed better inhibitory ability, and their corresponding IC50 values were 64.3 μM and 139.6 μM. Subsequently, the interaction mechanism of the best active peptide (LTGCP) against ACE was investigated by inhibitory pattern, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The result displayed that LTGCP was a mix-type inhibitor against ACE from the Lineweaver-Burk plots. LTGCP formed seven hydrogen bonds based on the molecular docking and the binding energy was -7.29 kcal/mol. LTGCP formed a stability complex with ACE based on the molecular dynamic simulation. Besides, LTGCP exhibited good stability in various temperature, pH and gastrointestinal digestion. Finally, the 0.125 mM ∼ 1.0 mM LTGCP exhibited no-toxic for Caco-2 cell. In summary, these findings showed that tuna was a good material to prepare ACEIPs and LTGCP may be the good potential antihypertensive drug or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yueming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zongcai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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Li W, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu D, Liu P, Li Z, Ma H, Yang Y. Revealing the ACE receptor binding properties and interaction mechanisms of salty oligopeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata mushroom by molecular simulation and antihypertensive evaluation. Food Funct 2024; 15:5527-5538. [PMID: 38700280 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The salty oligopeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata have been proven to be potential ACE inhibitors. To investigate the ACE receptor binding properties and interaction mechanisms of salty oligopeptides, the molecular interaction, dynamics simulation, and antihypertensive evaluation cross-validation strategy were employed to reveal the oligopeptides' binding reactions and modes with the ACE receptor. Single oligopeptide (ESPERPFL, KSWDDFFTR) had exothermic and specific binding reactions with the ACE receptor, driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The coexistence of the multiple oligopeptide molecules did not produce the apparent ACE receptor competition binding reactions. The molecular dynamics simulation verified that the two oligopeptides disturbed the ACE receptor's different residue regions. Both oligopeptides could form stable complexes with the ACE receptor. Based on the classification of 50 oligopeptides' binding modes, ESPERPFL and KSWDDFFTR belonged to different classes, and their receptor binding modes and sites complemented, resulting in a potential synergistic effect on ACE inhibition. The antihypertensive effect of KSWDDFFTR and its distribution in the body were evaluated using SHR rats orally and ICR mice by tail vein injection, and KSWDDFFTR had antihypertensive effects within 8 h. The study provides a theoretical basis for understanding salty oligopeptides' ACE receptor binding mechanism and their antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
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Wu N, Li P, Shuang Q, Wuhanqimuge. Screening and molecular dynamics simulation of ACE inhibitory tripeptides derived from milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306. Food Funct 2024; 15:2655-2667. [PMID: 38362628 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Peptides in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 before and after ultrahigh pressure treatment were identified using proteomics. Subsequently, 16 stable tripeptides were screened out based on activity score prediction, PeptideCutter analysis, and hydrophobicity calculations. Among them, WRP, WSR, and YRP showed the best angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and their semi-inhibitory concentrations were 46.707, 300.121, and 89.555 μM, respectively. WRP and WSR were competitive inhibitors, whereas YRP was non-competitive. Gastrointestinal simulation revealed that WRP and YRP had better gastrointestinal stability. The values of RMSD, ΔGbind, ΔGpol, and RSMF obtained from molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the interaction of WRP and ACE was stable. Thus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306-fermented milk can serve as an important source of ACE inhibitory peptides both before and after ultrahigh pressure treatment. The strategy of in silico screening, activity evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulation adopted in this study can be applied to the large-scale screening of novel peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Puyu Li
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Shuang
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wuhanqimuge
- Experimental center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Bao X, Ning J, Huang R, Liang Y, Yan Z, Chen H, Ding L, Shu C. A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for determination of a novel antihypertensive peptide FR-6 in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26209. [PMID: 38390181 PMCID: PMC10882020 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation of peptide drugs has become essential in the development of innovative medications for hypertension. In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the plasma concentration and stability of the antihypertensive peptide FR-6 in rats. An isotopically labeled peptide (with an unchanged sequence) was utilized as an internal standard (IS) for validation purposes. Subsequently, this assay was employed to examine the pharmacokinetics of different administration methods (tail vein and gavage) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Extracted plasma samples underwent sample preparation through methanol protein precipitation, followed by elution of FR-6 on Wondasil C18 Superb column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm), using a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1%) in water (A) and formic acid (0.125%)-ammonium formate (2 mM) in methanol (B). Ion pairs corresponding to FR-6 and IS were monitored via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) under positive ion mode: m/z 400.7 → 285.1 for FR-6 and m/z 406.1 → 295.1 for IS detection respectively. The method exhibited excellent linearity with respect to FR-6 concentrations. In addition, the inter-day and intra-day precision were 0.61-6.85% and 1.76-11.75%; the inter-day and intra-day accuracy were -7.28-0.13% and -7.20-2.28%, respectively. In conclusion, the matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability data were validated according to FDA recommended acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods. This validated method serves as a reliable tool for determining the concentration of antihypertensive peptide FR-6, and has been successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies involving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xingyan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiangyue Ning
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ruiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zelong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Li Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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5
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Dong Y, Yan W, Zhang YQ, Dai ZY. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from tilapia skin: Preparation, identification and its potential antihypertensive mechanism. Food Chem 2024; 430:137074. [PMID: 37549627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To obtain food-derived peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity, tilapia skin was pretreated with steam explosion prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that steam explosion pretreatment improved the hydrolysis efficiency and ACE inhibitory activity of fish skin hydrolysates. A novel ACE inhibitory peptide VGLFPSRSF (1009.17 Da) was obtained from steam-exploded fish skin hydrolysates. VGLFPSRSF had an IC50 value of 61.43 μM for ACE inhibitory activity, showing a non-competitive binding mode and gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysis resistance. Molecular docking results showed that VGLFPSRSF interacted with ACE receptor protein through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Based on the results of network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking, VGLFPSRSF might regulate blood pressure through interaction with hypertensive targets such as AKT1, ACE, CD4, REN, and MMP9. Steam-exploded tilapia skin peptides had potential antihypertension activity and might be promising to achieve high-value utilization of fish skin by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Wen Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
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6
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Wu N, Wuhanqimuge, Shuang Q. Screening, Characterization, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 with and without Ultrahigh-Pressure Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37791768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the peptides in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 with and without ultrahigh-pressure treatment were identified using UPLC-Q-exactive-HF-X-MS/MS. In total, 27 novel pentapeptides with potential angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity were screened via bioinformatic analysis, and the activities of seven novel pentapeptides were assessed. Among them, HLPLP, PYPQR, and VAPFP exhibited better IC50 values. Stability assessment via in vitro simulation revealed that the three pentapeptides were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) during digestion but exhibited 85% activity after digestion. HLPLP was a competitive inhibitor, while PYPQR and VAPFP were noncompetitive inhibitors of ACE. Molecular docking indicated that the three peptides could stably bind to ACE. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and activity verification indicated that PYPQR and VAPFP had better stability and activity. This study demonstrated that novel ACEI pentapeptides in milk fermented with L. delbrueckii QS306 with and without ultrahigh-pressure treatment could be considered promising candidates for controlling hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhanqimuge
- Experimental Center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shuang
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Chen W, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Wu D, Yan M, Ma H, Yang Y. Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel ACE Inhibitory Undecapeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata by Molecular Interactions and Activity Analyses. Foods 2023; 12:3461. [PMID: 37761171 PMCID: PMC10529921 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Undecapeptide is the central peptide molecule in the peptide base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in hypertension. To fully explore the interaction mechanism and ACE-inhibitory activity of long-chain peptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata, the binding conformations of twenty-seven undecapeptides with the ACE receptor were revealed by molecule docking. The undecapeptide GQEDYDRLRPL with better receptor binding capacity and higher secondary mass spectral abundance was screened. All amino acid residues except proline in GQEDYDRLRPL interacted with the ACE receptor. GQEDYDRLRPL interfered with the receptor's overall structure, with significant fluctuations in amino acid residues 340-355, including two residues in the receptor's active pockets. The binding constants of GQEDYDRLRPL to the ACE receptors were at the μM level, with a kinetic binding constant of 9.26 × 10-7 M, which is a strong binding, and a thermodynamic binding constant of 3.06 × 10-6 M. Intermolecular interaction were exothermic, enthalpy-driven, and specific binding reactions. GQEDYDRLRPL had an IC50 value of 164.41 μmol/L in vitro and superior antihypertensive effects at low-gavage administration in vivo. Obtaining information on the interaction mechanism of ACE-inhibitory undecapeptides from S. rugosoannulata with the ACE receptor will help to develop and utilize ACE inhibitors of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Cheng H, Zhang J, Zhang S. Investigating structure, biological activity, peptide composition and emulsifying properties of pea protein hydrolysates obtained by cell envelope proteinase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125375. [PMID: 37321439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the structure, biological activity, peptide composition, and emulsifying properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) after hydrolysis by cell envelope proteinase (CEP) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Hydrolysis resulted in the unfolding of the PPI structure, characterized by an increase in fluorescence and UV absorption, which was related to thermal stability as demonstrated by a significant increase in ΔH and the thermal denaturation temperature (from 77.25 ± 0.05 to 84.45 ± 0.04 °C). The hydrophobic amino acid of PPI significantly increased from 218.26 ± 0.04 to 620.77 ± 0.04 followed by 557.18 ± 0.05 mg/100 g, which was related to their emulsifying properties, with the maximum emulsifying activity index (88.62 ± 0.83 m2/g, after 6 h hydrolysis) and emulsifying stability index (130.77 ± 1.12 min, after 2 h hydrolysis). Further, the results of LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the CEP tended to hydrolyze peptides with an N-terminus dominated by Ser and a C-terminus dominated by Leu, which enhanced the biological activity of pea protein hydrolysates, as supported by their relatively high antioxidant (ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging rates were 82.31 ± 0.32% and 88.95 ± 0.31%) and ACE inhibitory (83.56 ± 1.70%) activities after 6 h of hydrolysis. 15 peptide sequences (score > 0.5) possessed both antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity potential according to the BIOPEP database. This study provides theoretical guidance for the development of CEP-hydrolyzed peptides with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity that can be used as emulsifiers in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yuqing Tang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - JingJing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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