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Guo M, Hsieh YL. Tunable poly(lauryl methacrylate) surface grafting via SI-ATRP on a one-pot synthesized cellulose nanofibril macroinitiator core as a shear-thinning rheology modifier and drag reducer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26089-26101. [PMID: 37664202 PMCID: PMC10472512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimally one-pot synthesized 2-bromoproponyl esterified cellulose nanofibril (Br-CNF) has been validated as a robust macroinitiator for self-surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in tunable graft lengths and high conversions of up to 92.7%. SI-ATRP of LMA surface brushes on Br-CNF followed first order kinetics in lengths at up to 46 degree of polymerization (DP) based on mass balance or 31 DP by solution-state 1H NMR in DMSO-d6. With increasing PLMA graft lengths, Br-CNF-g-PLMA cast films exhibited increasing hydrophobicity with water contact angles from 80.9° to 110.6°. The novel Br-CNF-g-PLMA exhibited dual shear thinning behavior of the Br-CNF core as evident by n < 1 flow behavior index and drag reducing properties of PLMA grafts with increased viscosity at up to 21 071×. Br-CNF-g-PLMA with 46 DP could be fully dispersed in silicon pump oil to function as a drag reducer to enhance viscosity up to 5× at 25, 40, and 55 °C. The novel macroinitiator capability of Br-CNF in SI-ATRP of vinyl monomers and the bottlebrush-like LMA surface grafted Br-CNF as highly effective viscosity modifier and drag reducer further demonstrate the versatile functionality of Br-CNF beyond hydrophobic coatings and reactive polyols previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA
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Shi K, Liu G, Sun H, Yang B, Weng Y. Grafting Polymerization of Long-Chain Hydrophobic Acrylic Monomer onto Lignin and Its Application in Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Wholly Green UV Barrier Composite Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26926-26937. [PMID: 37546664 PMCID: PMC10399159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and high-performance bio-based composites derived from forestry waste lignin and polylactic acid has emerged as a topic of central attention. However, the weak compatibility between lignin and polylactic acid often resulted in high brittleness of the composites. Graft copolymerization is not only the most effective way to modify lignin but also can significantly improve the compatibility of lignin and polylactic acid. In this study, bio-based monomer lauryl methacrylate was grafted onto lignin by feasible radical polymerization to prepare lignin graft copolymers with excellent thermal stability and hydrophobicity, which are expected to improve the compatibility with polylactic acid. Wholly bio-based composites were prepared by compounding this graft copolymer with polylactic acid. The results showed that the crystallization ability of the composite was improved, and the highest crystallinity was increased from 6.42% to 17.46%. With addition of LG-g-PLMA lower than 9%, the thermal stability of the composites was slightly improved. At 5% copolymer addition, the elongation at break and tensile toughness of the composites increased by 42% and 36%, respectively. Observation of the frozen fracture surface of the composite by SEM found that wire drawing and ductile deformation appeared when a small amount of LG-g-PLMA was added. The thus prepared composites also showed excellent UV barrier properties. This approach provides a new idea for the high-value application of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Shi
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety
of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business
University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety
of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business
University, Beijing 100048, China
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Shi K, Liu G, Sun H, Weng Y. Polylactic Acid/Lignin Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2807. [PMID: 37447453 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, biodegradable plastics are receiving more and more attention as a green substitute for traditional petroleum-based plastics. Poly (lactic acid) is considered to be the most promising biodegradable material because of its excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good processability. However, the brittleness and high cost limit its application in more fields. Lignin, as the second largest renewable biopolymer in nature after cellulose, is not only rich in reserves and low in cost, but it also has an excellent UV barrier, antioxidant activity, and rigidity. The molecular structure of lignin contains a large number of functional groups, which are easy to endow with new functions by chemical modification. Currently, lignin is mostly treated as waste in industry, and the value-added utilization is insufficient. The combination of lignin and poly (lactic acid) can on the one hand solve the problems of the high cost of PLA and less efficient utilization of lignin; on the other hand, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in compounding with biodegradable synthetic polymers is expected to afford high-performance wholly green polymer composites. This mini-review summarizes the latest research achievements of poly (lactic acid)/lignin composites. Emphasis was put on the influence of lignin on the mechanical properties of its composite with poly (lactic acid), as well as the compatibility of the two components. Future research on these green composites is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Rabelo SC, Nakasu PYS, Scopel E, Araújo MF, Cardoso LH, Costa ACD. Organosolv pretreatment for biorefineries: Current status, perspectives, and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128331. [PMID: 36403910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries integrate processes for the sustainable conversion of biomass into chemicals, materials, and bioenergy so that resources are optimized and effluents are minimized. Despite the vast potential of lignocellulosic biorefineries, their success depends heavily on effective, economically viable, and sustainable biomass fractionation. Although efficient, organosolv pretreatment still faces challenges that must be overcome for its widespread utilization, mainly related to solvent type and recycling, robustness regarding biomass type and integration of hemicellulose recovery and use. This review shows the recent advances and state-of-the-art of organosolv pretreatment, discussing the advances, such as the use of biobased solvents, whilst also shedding light on the perspectives of using the streams - cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin - to produce biofuels and products of high added value. In addition, it presents an overview of the existing industrial implementations of organosolv processes and, lastly, shows the main scientific and industrial challenges and opportunities for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Cândida Rabelo
- School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Eupídio Scopel
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Cardoso
- School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho da Costa
- Chemical Engineering School in State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li F, Li Y, Novoselov KS, Liang F, Meng J, Ho SH, Zhao T, Zhou H, Ahmad A, Zhu Y, Hu L, Ji D, Jia L, Liu R, Ramakrishna S, Zhang X. Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 36629933 PMCID: PMC9833044 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB). We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications. The technologies of thermochemical conversion (TC), biochemical conversion (BC), electrochemical conversion (EC), and photochemical conversion (PTC) are summarized for HALUB. Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg-1 and total benefit of 749 $/ton biomass via TC. Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m2 g-1 via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m-2 via EC. Bioresource can be 100% selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC. Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB. Sustainable biomaterials, sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis, microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted. New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - K S Novoselov
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jiashen Meng
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Yinlong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Liangxing Hu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Ji
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Litao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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