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Wu Y, Chen X, Liao Q, Xiao N, Li Y, Huang Z, Xie S. Development of binderless fiberboard from poplar wood residue with Trametes hirsuta. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142638. [PMID: 38897320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of agricultural and forestry residues for the development and preparation of green binderless fiberboard (BF) is an effective way to realize high-value utilization of lignocellulose biomass resources. This study focuses on the fabrication of BF with excellent mechanical and waterproof properties, utilizing poplar wood residue (PWR) as raw material and Trametes hirsuta as a pretreatment method. During the fermentation process, lignin-degrading enzymes and biological factors, such as sugars, were produced by T. hirsuta, which activated lignin by depolymerizing lignin bonds and modifying structural functional groups, and forming new covalent bonds between poplar fibers, ultimately enhancing adhesion. Additionally, the activated lignin molecules and sugar molecules coalesce under high temperatures and pressures, forming a dense carbonization layer that bolsters the mechanical properties of the fiberboard and effectively shields it from rapid water infiltration. The bio-pretreated BF for 10 days shows a MOR and MOE of up to 36.1 Mpa and 3704.3 Mpa, respectively, which is 261% and 247.8% higher than that of the bio-untreated fiberboard, and the water swelling ratio (WSR) rate is only 5.6%. Chemical composition analysis revealed that repolymerization occurred among lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, especially the molecular weight of lignin changed significantly, with the Mw of lignin increasing from 312066 g/mol to 892362 g/mol, and then decreasing to 825021 g/mol. Mn increased from 277790 g/mol to 316987.5 g/mol and then decreased to 283299.5 g/mol at 21 days. Compared to other artificial fiberboards prepared through microbial pretreatment, the BF prepared by microorganisms in this study exhibited the highest mechanical properties among the poplar wood biobased panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Xianrui Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Qingzhao Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Yanming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Shangxian Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Prakash VRA, Bourchak M, Alshahrani H, Juhany KA. Development of cashew nut shell lignin-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 3D printed core and industrial hemp/aluminized glass fiber epoxy biocomposite for morphing wing and unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127068. [PMID: 37758105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a lightweight epoxy based biocomposite for morphing wing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The proposed composite was developed using a 3D printed high stiffness lignin-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) core and industrial hemp with aluminized glass fiber epoxy skin. The ABS was reinforced using lignin macromolecule derived from cashew nut shells via twin screw extruder and the core was printed using an industrial grade 3D printer. Furthermore, the composites were prepared by compression moulding with an ABS-lignin core and hemp/aluminized GF surface and characterized according to respective American society of testing and materials (ASTM) standards. The findings indicate that the addition of 30 vol% Al-glass and hemp fiber with lignin strengthened ABS core improved the mechanical properties. The composite material designated as "E2" exhibits the maximum mechanical properties, providing tensile strength, flexural strength, Izod impact, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and compression values of, 136 MPa, 168 MPa, 4.82 kJ/m2, 21 MPa, and 155 MPa respectively. The maximal energy absorbed by composite designation "E2," during drop load impact test is 20.6 J. Similarly, the composite designation "E2"gives fatigue life cycles of 33,709, 25,781 and 19,633 for 50 %, 70 % and 90 % of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 32.5 (K1c) MPa⋅m and 0.76 (G1c) MJ/m2 in fracture toughness and energy release rate respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Arun Prakash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.N.N Institute of Engineering, Chennai, India; Polymer Composite Research Lab, Metro Composites, Chennai, India.
| | - Mostefa Bourchak
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Juhany
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Xu D, Shang J, Wang J, Li Y, Peng Y, Li X, Zhou J. Effect of hemicellulose content on the solution properties of cellulose carbamates in NaOH/ZnO aqueous system. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125649. [PMID: 37394215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose removal from bleached bamboo pulp is key to produce qualified dissolving pulps. In this work, alkali/urea aqueous solution was firstly applied to remove hemicellulose in bleached bamboo pulp (BP). The effect of urea usage, time and temperature on the hemicellulose content of BP was studied. The reduction of hemicellulose content from 15.9 to 5.7 % was achieved in 6 wt% NaOH/1 wt% urea aqueous solution at 40 °C for 30 min. Cellulose carbamates (CCs) were obtained from the esterification of BP with urea. The dissolution behavior of CCs in NaOH/ZnO aqueous solutions with different degree of polymerization (DP), hemicellulose and nitrogen contents were studied by using optical microscope and rheology. The highest solubility was up to 97.7 % when the hemicellulose was 5.7 % and Mη was 6.5 × 104 (g/mol). With the decrease of hemicellulose content from 15.9 % to 8.60 % and 5.70 %, the gel temperature increased from 59.0, 69.0 to 73.4 °C. The apparent gelation time increased from 5640 to 12,120 s with the hemicellulose content increased from 8.60 % to 15.9 %. CC solution with 5.70 % hemicellulose always keeps a liquid-state (G" > G') until the test time reached 17,000 s. The results showed that the removal of hemicellulose, the decrease of DP and the increase of esterification endowed CC with higher solubility and solution stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Jiaoping Shang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Junmei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Yibao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Yun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Jinping Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Wu S, Guo M, Zhao J, Wu Q, Zhuang J, Jiang X. Characterization of the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Cow Dung Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Comparative Study with Corn Stalk Fiber Composites and Sisal Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225041. [PMID: 36433165 PMCID: PMC9696055 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers and their composites have attracted much attention due to the growing energy crisis and environmental awareness. In this work, a natural lignocellulosic fiber was extracted from cow dung waste and its potential use as reinforcing material in resin-based polymer composites was evaluated. For this purpose, cow dung fiber-reinforced composites (CDFC) were fabricated, and their mechanical and morphological properties were systematically investigated and compared with corn stalk fiber composites (CSFC) and sisal fiber composites (SFC). The results showed that the addition of cow dung fibers reduced the density of the polymer composites, increased the water absorption, and enhanced the impact strength and shear strength. The highest impact and shear strengths were obtained at 6 wt.% and 9 wt.% of fiber loading, respectively, which increased by 23.8% and 34.6% compared to the composite without the fibers. Further comparisons revealed that at the same fiber addition level, the CDFC exhibited better mechanical properties than the CSFC; notably, the CDFC-3 (adding 3 wt.% of fiber loading) had an impact strength closer to the SFC-3. Furthermore, an SEM analysis suggested that the cow dung fibers exhibited a rough and crinkly surface with more node structures, and presented good interfacial bonding with the composite matrix. This work revealed that cow dung fibers are a promising candidate as reinforcement for resin-based polymer composites, which promotes an alternative application for cow dung waste resources in the automotive components field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Mingzhuo Guo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-18504311293 (M.G.); +86-18843165417 (J.Z.)
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-18504311293 (M.G.); +86-18843165417 (J.Z.)
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinming Jiang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
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