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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF. Macromolecules-based encapsulation of pesticides with carriers: A promising approach for safe and effective delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132079. [PMID: 38705338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The global issue of pollution caused by the misuse and indiscriminate application of pesticides has reached critical levels. In this vein, encapsulating pesticides with carriers offers a promising approach that impacts key parameters such as pesticide release kinetics, stability, and biocompatibility, enhancing the safe and effective delivery of agrochemicals. Encapsulated pesticides hold the potential to reduce off-target effects, decrease environmental contamination, and improve overall crop protection. This review highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of both organic and in-organic carriers in pesticide encapsulation, and the current state of research in this field. Overall, the encapsulation of pesticides with carriers presents a promising approach for the safe and effective delivery of these vital agricultural compounds. By harnessing the advantages of encapsulation, this technique offers a potential solution to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional pesticides and contribute towards sustainable and environmentally conscious farming practices. Further research and development in this field is necessary to optimize the encapsulation process, carrier properties and advance towards sustainable and environmentally friendly pesticide delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 771751735, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Taheri A, Kennedy JF. Pectin-associated immune responses in plant-microbe interactions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132790. [PMID: 38823736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the role of pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in the plant cell wall, in mediating immune responses during interactions between plants and microbes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pectin-mediated immune responses and to understand how these interactions shape plant-microbe communication. Pectin acts as a signaling molecule, triggering immune responses such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, reinforcement of the cell wall, and activation of defense-related genes. Pectin functions as a target for pathogen-derived enzymes, enabling successful colonization by certain microbial species. The document discusses the complexity of pectin-based immune signaling networks and their modulation by various factors, including pathogen effectors and host proteins. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the crosstalk between pectin-mediated immunity and other defense pathways to develop strategies for enhancing plant resistance against diseases. The insights gained from this study have implications for the development of innovative approaches to enhance crop protection and disease management in agriculture. Further investigations into the components and mechanisms involved in pectin-mediated immunity will pave the way for future advancements in plant-microbe interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, University of agricultural Sciences and natural resources of Gorgan, Iran.
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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3
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Bhatt S, Pathak R, Punetha VD, Punetha M. Chitosan nanocomposites as a nano-bio tool in phytopathogen control. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121858. [PMID: 38388036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, an economically viable and versatile biopolymer, exhibits a wide array of advantageous physicochemical and biological properties. Chitosan nanocomposites, formed by the amalgamation of chitosan or chitosan nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or materials, have garnered extensive attention across agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical domains. These nanocomposites have been rigorously investigated due to their diverse applications, notably in combatting plant pathogens. Their remarkable efficacy against phytopathogens has positioned them as a promising alternative to conventional chemical-based methods in phytopathogen control, thus exploring interest in sustainable agricultural practices with reduced reliance on chemical interventions. This review aims to highlight the anti-phytopathogenic activity of chitosan nanocomposites, emphasizing their potential in mitigating plant diseases. Additionally, it explores various synthesis methods for chitosan nanoparticles to enhance readers' understanding. Furthermore, the analysis delves into elucidating the intricate mechanisms governing the antimicrobial effectiveness of these composites against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rakshit Pathak
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayank Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
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Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF, Rabiei A, Riseh RS, Taheri A. Nature's coatings: Sodium alginate as a novel coating in safeguarding plants from frost damages. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131203. [PMID: 38554900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Frost damage remains a significant challenge for agricultural practices worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses and food insecurity. Practically, traditional methods for frost management have proven ineffective and come with several drawbacks, such as energy consumption and limited efficacy. Hence, proposing an anti-freezing coating can be an innovative idea. The potential of sodium alginate (SA) to construct anti-freezing hydrogels has been explored in several sciences. SA hydrogels can form protective films around plants as a barrier against freezing temperatures and ice crystals on the plant's surface. Sodium alginate exhibits excellent water retention, enhancing plant hydration during freezing conditions. This coating can provide insulation, effectively shielding the plant from frost damage. The advantages of SA as a coating material, such as its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature, are highlighted. Therefore, the proposed use of SA as an innovative coating material holds promise for safeguarding plants from frost damage. Following SA potential and frost's huge damage, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in SA-based anti-freezing hydrogels, their applications, and their potential in agriculture as anti-freezing coatings. However, further research and field trials are necessary to optimize the application methods and understand the long-term effects on productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratory Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Walls, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Rabiei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 771751735.
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of plant protection, faculty of plant production, Gorgan university of Agricultural sciences and natural resources, Iran.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Varma RS. A review of chitosan nanoparticles: Nature's gift for transforming agriculture through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129522. [PMID: 38246470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising tool in agricultural advancements due to their unique properties including, biocompatability, biodegradability, non-toxicity and remarkable versatility. These inherent properties along with their antimicrobial, antioxidant and eliciting activities enable CNPs to play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing nutrient absorption and improving pest management strategies. Furthermore, the nano-formulation of chitosan have the ability to encapsulate various agricultural amendments, enabling the controlled release of pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus offering precise and targeted delivery mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research and developments in the use of CNPs for enhancing agricultural practices through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. It discusses the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and their role in enhancing seed germination and plant growth, crop protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving soil quality and reducing the environmental pollution and delivery of agricultural amendments. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits and future directions for integrating CNPs into sustainable agricultural systems are explored. This review aims to shed light on the transformative potential of chitosan nanoparticles as nature's gift for revolutionizing agriculture and fostering eco-friendly farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 771751735, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Moradi Pour M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF, Saberi Riseh R. A novel biopolymer technique for encapsulation of Bacillus velezensis BV9 into double coating biopolymer made by in alginate and natural gums to biocontrol of wheat take-all disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128526. [PMID: 38172030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis has been known for its high potential in controlling agricultural diseases. Technological advances have opened new perspectives for producing effective formulations by reducing some of the obstacles to their use, such as instability and loss of activity due to exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Encapsulation is one of the new approaches in agricultural science. This research describes discoveries related to processes for the microencapsulation of B. velezensis with natural gums. The efficiency, survival, and controlled release of B. velesensis BV9 encapsulated with alginate mixed with zedo gum, mastic gum, and tragacanth gum were evaluated for this aim. Furthermore, under greenhouse conditions, the encapsulated cells were assessed to control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat. The results indicated that all tested microcapsules protected >60 % of the bacterial cells. The Alginate-Zedo Gum (Alg-ZG) microcapsules showed a better-controlled release over two months. The greenhouse study indicated that treating wheat plants with Alg-ZG microcapsules was the most efficient treatment, suppressing 100 % of the pathogen. The results indicated that Alg-ZG is the most promising mixture to improve the survivability of B. velezensis BV9. Also, using natural gums and great potential of this formulation provides an effective and affordable fertilizers for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojde Moradi Pour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WRI5 8FF Tenbury Well, United Kingdom
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Shafiei-Hematabad Z, Kennedy JF. Advancements in coating technologies: Unveiling the potential of chitosan for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127677. [PMID: 38287565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables pose a significant challenge to the agriculture industry worldwide. To address this issue, researchers have turned to natural and eco-friendly solutions such as chitosan coatings. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has gained considerable attention due to its unique properties such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and potential applications in post-harvest preservation. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of research on chitosan coatings for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Moreover, it highlights the advantages of using chitosan coatings, including its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to enhance shelf-life and maintain the quality attributes of fresh product. Furthermore, the review discusses the mechanisms by which chitosan interacts with fruits and vegetables, elucidating its antimicrobial activity, modified gas permeability, enhanced physical barrier and induction of host defense responses. It also examines the factors influencing the effectiveness of chitosan coatings, such as concentration, molecular weight, deacetylation degree, pH, temperature, and application methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafiei-Hematabad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WRI5 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Saberi Riseh R. Advancing agriculture through bioresource technology: The role of cellulose-based biodegradable mulches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128006. [PMID: 37977475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in meeting the world's ever-growing food demands. However, traditional agricultural practices often have negative consequences for the environment, such as soil erosion and chemical runoff. Recently, there has been a pressing need for advance agricultural practices. Cellulose-based mulches offer a solution by optimizing agricultural productivity while minimizing harm. These mulches are made from renewable bioresources derived from cellulose-rich materials. Compared to plastic mulches, cellulose-based alternatives show potential in improving nutrient retention, soil health, weed suppression, water conservation, and erosion mitigation. The article investigates the characteristics and application methods of cellulose-based mulches, highlighting their biodegradability, water retention, crop protection, and weed suppression capabilities. It also evaluates their economic feasibility, emphasizing their potential to transform sustainable farming practices. Overall, cellulose-based mulches have the potential to revolutionize agriculture, addressing environmental concerns while optimizing productivity. They represent a significant step toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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Vinceković M, Jurić S, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Martinko K, Šegota S, Marijan M, Krčelić A, Svečnjak L, Majdak M, Nemet I, Rončević S, Rezić I. Novel Zinc/Silver Ions-Loaded Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4359. [PMID: 38006083 PMCID: PMC10674643 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the growing need for environmentally friendly fungicides in agriculture, this study explored the potential of biopolymer microparticles loaded with metal ions as a novel approach to combat fungal pathogens. Novel alginate microspheres and chitosan/alginate microcapsules loaded with zinc or with zinc and silver ions were prepared and characterized (microparticle size, morphology, topography, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and swelling behavior). Investigation of molecular interactions in microparticles using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy exhibited complex interactions between all constituents. Fitting to the simple Korsmeyer-Peppas empirical model revealed the rate-controlling mechanism of metal ions release from microparticles is Fickian diffusion. Lower values of the release constant k imply a slower release rate of Zn2+ or Ag+ ions from microcapsules compared to that of microspheres. The antimicrobial potential of the new formulations against the fungus Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. When subjected to tests against the fungus, microspheres exhibited superior antifungal activity especially those loaded with both zinc and silver ions, reducing fungal growth up to 98.9% and altering the hyphal structures. Due to the slower release of metal ions, the microcapsule formulations seem suitable for plant protection throughout the growing season. The results showed the potential of these novel microparticles as powerful fungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Vinceković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Slaven Jurić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarina Martinko
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Laboratory for Biocolloids and Surface Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marijan Marijan
- Department of Quality Control, The Institute of Immunology, Rockefellerova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Krčelić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mislav Majdak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Textile Technology, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Nemet
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanda Rončević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Iva Rezić
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Textile Technology, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Mukarram M, Ali J, Dadkhah-Aghdash H, Kurjak D, Kačík F, Ďurkovič J. Chitosan-induced biotic stress tolerance and crosstalk with phytohormones, antioxidants, and other signalling molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1217822. [PMID: 37538057 PMCID: PMC10394624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1217822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Several polysaccharides augment plant growth and productivity and galvanise defence against pathogens. Such elicitors have ecological superiority over traditional growth regulators, considering their amplified biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, non-toxicity, ubiquity, and inexpensiveness. Chitosan is a chitin-derived polysaccharide that has recently been spotlighted among plant scientists. Chitosan supports plant growth and development and protects against microbial entities such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and insects. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of chitosan's antimicrobial and insecticidal potential with recent updates. These effects are further explored with the possibilities of chitosan's active correspondence with phytohormones such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA). The stress-induced redox shift in cellular organelles could be substantiated by the intricate participation of chitosan with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant metabolism, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Furthermore, we propose how chitosan could be intertwined with cellular signalling through Ca2+, ROS, nitric oxide (NO), transcription factors (TFs), and defensive gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jamin Ali
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hamed Dadkhah-Aghdash
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Kačík
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Ďurkovič
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Ahmed HFA, Elnaggar S, Abdel-Wahed GA, Taha RS, Ahmad A, Al-Selwey WA, Ahmed HMH, Khan N, Seleiman MF. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:789. [PMID: 37372074 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma asperellum) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that G. catenulatum was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by B. subtilis by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of F. solani by 62.3 and 55.7%; M. phaseolina by 60.7 and 53.1%; and F. oxysporum by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, G. catenulatum, at 1 × 109 CFU mL-1, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by B. subtilis; while T. asperellum, at 1 × 105 CFU mL-1, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of G. catenulatum (Gc) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs) + Trichoderma asperellum (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); G. catenulatum; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F A Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Sameh Elnaggar
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Gomaa A Abdel-Wahed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Ragab S Taha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadei A Al-Selwey
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda M H Ahmed
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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