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Tu Z, Ou H, Ran Y, Xue H, Zhu F. Chitosan-based biopolyelectrolyte complexes intercalated montmorillonite: A strategy for green flame retardant and mechanical reinforcement of polypropylene composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134316. [PMID: 39094859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to dwindling petroleum resources and the need for environmental protection, the development of bio-based flame retardants has received much attention. In order to explore the feasibility of fully biomass polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) for polyolefin flame retardant applications, chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and sodium phytate (SP) were used to prepare CS-based fully biomass PEC intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid biomaterials (SA-CS@MMT and SP-CS@MMT). The effects of two hybrid biomaterials on the fire safety and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were compared. The SP-CS@MMT showed the best flame retardancy and toughening effect at the same addition amount. After adding 5 wt% SP-CS@MMT, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PP5 reached 30.9 %, and the peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased from 1348 kW/m2 to 163 kW/m2. In addition, the hydrogen bonding between polyelectrolyte complexes significantly improved the mechanical properties of PP composites. Compared with PP2, the tensile strength of PP5 increased by 59 %. This study provided an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the large-scale production of renewable biomaterials with good thermal stability and expanded the application of macromolecular biomaterials in the field of fire safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tu
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxiang Ou
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yining Ran
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglai Xue
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
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Ye D, Wang C, Xi J, Li W, Wang J, Miao E, Xing W, Yu B. Construction of sustainable and highly efficient fire-protective nanocoatings based on polydopamine and phosphorylated cellulose for flexible polyurethane foam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132639. [PMID: 38834116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly is an effective strategy for constructing fire-resistant coatings on flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF), while the efficiency of fire-resistant coatings remains limited. Therefore, this study proposes an in situ flame retardancy modification combined with LBL self-assembly technology to enhance the efficiency of flame retardant coatings for FPUF. Initially, polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were employed to modify the FPUF skeleton, thereby augmenting the adhesion on the surface of the skeleton network. Then, the self-assembly of MXene and phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers (PCNFs) via the LBL technique on the foam skeleton network formed a novel, sustainable, and efficient flame retardant system. The final fire-protective coatings comprising PDA/PEI and MXenes/PCNF effectively prevented the collapse of the foam structure and suppressed the melt dripping of the FPUF during combustion. The peak heat release rate, the peak CO production rate and peak CO2 production rate were reduced by 68.6 %, 61.1 %, and 68.4 % only by applying a 10-bilayer coating. In addition, the smoke release rate and total smoke production were reduced by 83.3 % and 57.7 %, respectively. This work offers a surface modification approach for constructing highly efficient flame retardant coatings for flammable polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Chuanshen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jianchao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Enqian Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China.
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China.
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Liu J, Qi P, Chen F, Zhang J, Li H, Sun J, Gu X, Zhang S. A universal eco-friendly flame retardant strategy for polylactic acid fabrics and other polymer substrates. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129411. [PMID: 38232893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Various polymer substrates have their particular combustion features, therefore, developing an effective universal flame retardant strategy for various polymer substrates is of great practical importance. Meanwhile, as substitutes for petroleum-based products, bio-based flame retardants and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) meet the requirements of sustainable development. In this work, a fully bio-based flame retardant coating (PAGS) was prepared using phytic acid (PA) and guanosine (GS). PAGS was used as a universal flame retardant coatings for polylactic acid (PLA) fabrics and other substrates, including cotton fabrics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics, polyamide (PA) fabrics, polyurethane (PU) foams, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, and woods. The PAGS-treated substrates were able to self-extinguish and eliminate molten droplets. Similarly, the PAGS coating significantly suppressed the heat release of each substrate. The P-containing free radicals in the gas phase were able to interact with highly reactive H, HO and alkyl radicals, blocking the chain reaction during combustion. The flammable gas density was also diluted by nonflammable gases. The formed continuous porous and dense intumescent char layer hindered heat and oxygen. It is suggested that this work provides a simple and efficient flame retardant strategy for improving the fire safety of various polymer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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