Purification, characterization and bioactivities of a 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from Aralia echinocaulis

A green, efficient and stable platform based on hyperbranched quaternized hydrothermal magnetic chitosan nanospheres integrated cytomembranes for screening drug candidates from natural products

Compared with traditional tedious organic solvent-assisted separation process in natural medicinal chemistry, cytomembrane (CM) fishing technique became a more appealing and greener choice for screening bioactive components from natural products. However, its large-scale practical value was greatly weakened by the easy fall-off of CMs from magnetic supports, rooted in the instability of common Fe3O4 particles and their insufficient interaction with CMs. In this research, a new green biostable platform was developed for drug screening through the integration of hyperbranched quaternized hydrothermal magnetic carbon spheres (HQ-HMCSs) and CMs. The positive-charged HQ-HMCSs were constructed by chitosan-based hydrothermal carbonization onto Fe3O4 nanospheres and subsequent aqueous hyperbranching quaternization with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and methylamine. The strong interaction between HQ-HMCSs and CMs was formed via electrostatic attraction of HQ-HMCSs to negative-charged CMs and covalent linkage derived from the epoxy-amine addition reactions. The chemically stable HMCSs and its integration with CMs contributed to dramatically higher stability and recyclability of bionic nanocomposites. With the fishing of osteoblast CMs integrated HQ-HMCSs, two novel potential anti-osteoporosis compounds, narcissoside and beta-ionone, were discovered from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Enhanced osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase, and mineralization levels proved their positive osteogenesis effects. Preliminary pharmacological investigation demonstrated their potential action on membrane proteins of estrogen receptor alpha and insulin-like growth factor 1. Furthermore, beta-ionone showed apparent therapeutic effects on osteogenic lesions in zebrafish. These results provide a green, stable, cost-efficient, and reliable access to rapid discovery of drug leads, which verifiably benefits the design of nanocarbon-based biocomposites with increasingly advanced functionality.