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Cherni O, Carballares D, Siar EH, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Rocha-Martin J, Bahri S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning almond lipase features by the buffer used during immobilization: The apparent biocatalysts stability depends on the immobilization and inactivation buffers and the substrate utilized. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:72-80. [PMID: 38876311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The lipase from Prunus dulcis almonds was inactivated under different conditions. At pH 5 and 9, enzyme stability remained similar under the different studied buffers. However, when the inactivation was performed at pH 7, there were some clear differences on enzyme stability depending on the buffer used. The enzyme was more stable in Gly than when Tris was employed for inactivation. Then, the enzyme was immobilized on methacrylate beads coated with octadecyl groups at pH 7 in the presence of Gly, Tris, phosphate and HEPES. Its activity was assayed versus triacetin and S-methyl mandelate. The biocatalyst prepared in phosphate was more active versus S-methyl mandelate, while the other ones were more active versus triacetin. The immobilized enzyme stability at pH 7 depends on the buffer used for enzyme immobilization. The buffer used in the inactivation and the substrate used determined the activity. For example, glycine was the buffer that promoted the lowest or the highest stabilities depending on the substrate used to quantify the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Cherni
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - El Hocine Siar
- Agri-food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sellema Bahri
- LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Lima PJM, Rios NS, Vilarrasa-García E, Cecilia JA, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Gonçalves LRB. Preparation of a heterogeneous biocatalyst through Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase immobilization on pore-expanded SBA-15. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133359. [PMID: 38914393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous biocatalysts were prepared by adsorbing T. lanuginosus lipase (TLL) onto uncalcined (SBAUC-TLL) and calcined (SBAC-TLL) SBA-15, using ammonium fluoride as a pore expander to facilitate TLL immobilization. At an enzyme load of 1 mg/g, high immobilization yields (>90 %) and recovered activities (>80 % for SBAUC-TLL and 70 % for SBAC-TLL) were achieved. When increasing the enzyme load to 5 mg/g, the immobilization yield of SBAUC-TLL was 80 %, and the recovered activity was 50 %, while SBAC-TLL had a yield of 100 % and a recovered activity of 36 %. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) was conducted to improve stability (SBAUC-TLL-GA and SBAC-TLL-GA). Although SBAC-TLL-GA lost 25 % of initial activity after GA modifications, it exhibited the highest thermal (t1/2 = 5.7 h at 65 °C), when compared to SBAC-TLL (t1/2 = 12 min) and the soluble enzyme (t1/2 = 36 min), and operational stability (retained 100 % activity after 5 cycles). Both biocatalysts presented high storage stability since they retained 100 % of initial activity for 30 days. These results highlight SBA-15's potential as an enzyme support and the protocol's efficacy in enhancing stability, with implications for industrial applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Enrique Vilarrasa-García
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Cecilia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Xiao Z, Zhao Z, Jiang B, Chen J. Enhancing enzyme immobilization: Fabrication of biosilica-based organic-inorganic composite carriers for efficient covalent binding of D-allulose 3-epimerase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130980. [PMID: 38508569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose, an ideal low-calorie sweetener, is primarily produced through the isomerization of d-fructose using D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE; EC 5.1.3.30). Addressing the gap in available immobilized DAE enzymes for scalable commercial D-allulose production, three core-shell structured organic-inorganic composite silica-based carriers were designed for efficient covalent immobilization of DAE. Natural inorganic diatomite was used as the core, while 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and chitosan organic layers were coated as the shells, respectively. These tailored carriers successfully formed robust covalent bonds with DAE enzyme conjugates, cross-linked via glutaraldehyde, and demonstrated enzyme activities of 372 U/g, 1198 U/g, and 381 U/g, respectively. These immobilized enzymes exhibited an expanded pH tolerance and improved thermal stability compared to free DAE. Particularly, the modified diatomite with PEI exhibited a higher density of binding sites than the other carriers and the PEI-coated immobilized DAE enzyme retained 70.4 % of its relative enzyme activity after ten cycles of reuse. This study provides a promising method for DAE immobilization, underscoring the potential of using biosilica-based organic-inorganic composite carriers for the development of robust enzyme systems, thereby advancing the production of value-added food ingredients like D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqun Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zishen Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Li J, Shi X, Qin X, Liu M, Wang Q, Zhong J. Improved lipase performance by covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B on amino acid modified microcrystalline cellulose as green renewable support. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113764. [PMID: 38301428 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of immobilized lipase with excellent catalytic performance and low cost is the major challenge for large-scale industrial applications. In this study, green renewable microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) that was hydrophobically modified with D-alanine (Ala) or L-lysine (Lys) was used for immobilizing Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The improved catalytic properties were investigated by experimental and computational methods. CALB immobilized on MCC-Ala with higher hydrophobicity showed better catalytic activity than CALB@MCC-Lys because the increased flexibility of the lid region of CALB@MCC-Ala favored the formation of open conformation. Additionally, the low root mean square deviation and the high β-sheet and α-helix contents of CALB@MCC-Ala indicated that the structure became more stable, leading to a significantly enhanced stability (54.80% and 90.90% relative activity at 70 °C and pH 9.0, respectively) and good reusability (48.92% activity after 5 cycles). This study provides a promising avenue to develop immobilized lipase with high catalytic properties for industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. The effects of the chemical modification on immobilized lipase features are affected by the enzyme crowding in the support. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3394. [PMID: 37828788 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have analyzed the interactions between enzyme crowding on a given support and its chemical modification (ethylenediamine modification via the carbodiimide route and picryl sulfonic (TNBS) modification of the primary amino groups) on the enzyme activity and stability. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) were immobilized on octyl-agarose beads at two very different enzyme loadings, one of them exceeding the capacity of the support, one well under this capacity. Chemical modifications of the highly loaded and lowly loaded biocatalysts gave very different results in terms of activity and stability, which could increase or decrease enzyme activity depending on the enzyme support loading. For example, both lowly loaded biocatalysts increased their activity after modification while the effect was the opposite for the highly loaded biocatalysts. Additionally, the modification with TNBS of highly loaded CALB biocatalyst increased its stability while decrease the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Pardo-Tamayo JS, Arteaga-Collazos S, Domínguez-Hoyos LC, Godoy CA. Biocatalysts Based on Immobilized Lipases for the Production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters: Enhancement of Activity through Ionic Additives and Ion Exchange Supports. BIOTECH 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38131679 PMCID: PMC10742180 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic additives affect the structure, activity and stability of lipases, which allow for solving common application challenges, such as preventing the formation of protein aggregates or strengthening enzyme-support binding, preventing their desorption in organic media. This work aimed to design a biocatalyst, based on lipase improved by the addition of ionic additives, applicable in the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids (EE). Industrial enzymes from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML), Candida antárctica B (CALB) and Lecitase®, immobilized in commercial supports like Lewatit®, Purolite® and Q-Sepharose®, were tested. The best combination was achieved by immobilizing lipase TLL onto Q-Sepharose® as it surpassed, in terms of %EE (70.1%), the commercial biocatalyst Novozyme® 435 (52.7%) and was similar to that of Lipozyme TL IM (71.3%). Hence, the impact of ionic additives like polymers and surfactants on both free and immobilized TLL on Q-Sepharose® was assessed. It was observed that, when immobilized, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the TLL derivative exhibited a significantly higher activity, with a 93-fold increase (1.02 IU), compared to the free enzyme under identical conditions (0.011 IU). In fatty acids ethyl esters synthesis, Q-SDS-TLL novel derivatives achieved results similar to commercial biocatalysts using up to ~82 times less enzyme (1 mg/g). This creates an opportunity to develop biocatalysts with reduced enzyme consumption, a factor often associated with higher production costs. Such advancements would ease their integration into the biodiesel industry, fostering a greener production approach compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
| | | | | | - César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
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