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Shen W, Mao Y, Ge X, Xu J, Hu J, Ao F, Wu S, Yan P. PLA tissue-engineered scaffolds loaded with sustained-release active substance chitosan nanoparticles: Modeling BSA-bFGF as the active substance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133120. [PMID: 38876244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the development of tissue-engineered scaffolds is both challenging and imperative. In our pursuit of creating a scaffold that aligns with the natural healing process, we initially fabricated chitosan-bFGF nanoparticles (CS-bFGF NPs) through electrostatic spraying. Subsequently, polylactic acid (PLA) fiber was prepared using electrospinning technique, and the CS-bFGF NPs were uniformly embedded within the pores of porous PLA fibers. Scanning electron micrographs illustrate the smooth surface of the nanoparticles, showing a porous structure intricately attached to PLA fibers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses provided conclusive evidence that the CS-bFGF NPs were uniformly distributed throughout the porous PLA fibers, forming a robust physical bond through electrostatic adsorption. The resultant scaffolds exhibited commendable mechanical properties and hydrophilicity, facilitating a sustained-release for 72 h. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and degradation performance of the scaffolds were substantiated by monitoring conductivity and pH changes in pure water over different time intervals, complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Cell experiments confirmed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. In animal studies, the group treated with 16 % NPs/Scaffold demonstrated the highest epidermal reconstruction rate. In summary, our developed materials present a promising candidate for serving as a tissue engineering scaffold, showcasing exceptional biocompatibility, sustained-release characteristics, and substantial potential for promoting epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing, Nan Jing 210037, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiaru Hu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fen Ao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shang Wu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pi Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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2
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Sharma D, Satapathy BK. Nanostructured Biopolymer-Based Constructs for Cartilage Regeneration: Fabrication Techniques and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2400125. [PMID: 38747219 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The essential functions of cartilage, such as shock absorption and resilience, are hindered by its limited regenerative capacity. Although current therapies alleviate symptoms, novel strategies for cartilage regeneration are desperately needed. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) constructs aim to address this challenge by mimicking the intrinsic characteristics of native cartilage using biocompatible materials, with a significant emphasis on both functionality and stability. Through fabrication methods such as 3D printing and electrospinning, researchers are making progress in cartilage regeneration; nevertheless, it is still very difficult to translate these advances into clinical practice. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various fabrication techniques to create stable 3D constructs. Meticulous design and material selection are required to achieve seamless cartilage integration and durability. The review outlines the need to address these challenges and focuses on the latest developments in the production of hybrid 3D constructs based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Furthermore, the review acknowledges the limitations of current research and provides perspectives on potential avenues for effectively regenerating cartilage defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bhabani K Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Mohammadi N, Alikhasi Amnieh Y, Ghasemi S, Karbasi S, Vaezifar S. Evaluation of the effects of decellularized extracellular matrix nanoparticles incorporation on the polyhydroxybutyrate/nano chitosan electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133217. [PMID: 38897519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent research focuses on fabricating scaffolds imitating the extracellular matrix (ECM) in texture, composition, and functionality. Moreover, specific nano-bio-particles can enhance cell differentiation. Decellularized ECM nanoparticles possess all of the mentioned properties. In this research, cartilage ECM, extracted from the cow's femur condyle, was decellularized, and ECM nanoparticles were synthesized. Finally, nanocomposite electrospun fibers containing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan (Cs) nanoparticles, and ECM nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized. TEM and DLS results revealed ECM nanoparticle sizes of 17.51 and 21.6 nm, respectively. Optimal performance was observed in the scaffold with 0.75 wt% ECM nanoparticles (PHB-Cs/0.75E). By adding 0.75 wt% ECM, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break increased by about 29 % and 21 %, respectively, while the water contact angle and crystallinity decreased by about 36° and 2 %, respectively. Uneven and rougher surfaces of the PHB-Cs/0.75E were determined by FESEM and AFM images, respectively. TEM images verified the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles within the fibers. After 70 days of degradation in PBS, the PHB-Cs/0.75E and PHB-Cs scaffolds demonstrated insignificant weight loss differences. Eventually, enhanced viability, attachment, and proliferation of the human costal chondrocytes on the PHB-Cs/0.75E scaffold, concluded from MTT, SEM, and DAPI staining, confirmed its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Mohammadi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasamin Alikhasi Amnieh
- Department of Veterinary Histology, School of Veterinary, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghasemi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Vaezifar
- Department of Medical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Pramanik S, Aggarwal A, Kadi A, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Koul K, Deepak A, Bellucci S. Chitosan alchemy: transforming tissue engineering and wound healing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19219-19256. [PMID: 38887635 PMCID: PMC11180996 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a biopolymer acquired from chitin, has emerged as a versatile and favorable material in the domain of tissue engineering and wound healing. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial characteristics make it a suitable candidate for these applications. In tissue engineering, chitosan-based formulations have garnered substantial attention as they have the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, furnishing an optimal microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the realm of wound healing, chitosan-based dressings have revealed exceptional characteristics. They maintain a moist wound environment, expedite wound closure, and prevent infections. These formulations provide controlled release mechanisms, assuring sustained delivery of bioactive molecules to the wound area. Chitosan's immunomodulatory properties have also been investigated to govern the inflammatory reaction during wound healing, fostering a balanced healing procedure. In summary, recent progress in chitosan-based formulations portrays a substantial stride in tissue engineering and wound healing. These innovative approaches hold great promise for enhancing patient outcomes, diminishing healing times, and minimizing complications in clinical settings. Continued research and development in this field are anticipated to lead to even more sophisticated chitosan-based formulations for tissue repair and wound management. The integration of chitosan with emergent technologies emphasizes its potential as a cornerstone in the future of regenerative medicine and wound care. Initially, this review provides an outline of sources and unique properties of chitosan, followed by recent signs of progress in chitosan-based formulations for tissue engineering and wound healing, underscoring their potential and innovative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Sangareddy Telangana 502284 India
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University New Delhi 110017 India
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Koul
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jain School of Sports Education and Research, Jain University Bangalore Karnataka 560069 India
| | - A Deepak
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha School of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu 600128 India
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- 7INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Via E. Fermi 54 00044 Frascati Italy
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Naskar A, Kilari S, Misra S. Chitosan-2D Nanomaterial-Based Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1327. [PMID: 38794520 PMCID: PMC11125373 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D nanomaterials)-based scaffolds have received widespread attention in recent times in biomedical applications due to their excellent synergistic potential. CS has garnered much attention as a biomedical scaffold material either alone or in combination with some other material due to its favorable physiochemical properties. The emerging 2D nanomaterials, such as black phosphorus (BP), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), etc., have taken huge steps towards varying biomedical applications. However, the implementation of a CS-2D nanomaterial-based scaffold for clinical applications remains challenging for different reasons such as toxicity, stability, etc. Here, we reviewed different types of CS scaffold materials and discussed their advantages in biomedical applications. In addition, a different CS nanostructure, instead of a scaffold, has been described. After that, the importance of 2D nanomaterials has been elaborated on in terms of physiochemical properties. In the next section, the biomedical applications of CS with different 2D nanomaterial scaffolds have been highlighted. Finally, we highlighted the existing challenges and future perspectives of using CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds for biomedical applications. We hope that this review will encourage a more synergistic biomedical application of the CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds and their utilization clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.N.); (S.K.)
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Angolkar M, Paramshetti S, Gahtani RM, Al Shahrani M, Hani U, Talath S, Osmani RAM, Spandana A, Gangadharappa HV, Gundawar R. Pioneering a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regeneration with polysaccharides and proteins-based scaffolds: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130643. [PMID: 38467225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of modern medicine, tissue engineering and regeneration stands as a beacon of hope, offering the promise of restoring form and function to damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Central to this revolutionary field are biological macromolecules-nature's own blueprints for regeneration. The growing interest in bio-derived macromolecules and their composites is driven by their environmentally friendly qualities, renewable nature, minimal carbon footprint, and widespread availability in our ecosystem. Capitalizing on these unique attributes, specific composites can be tailored and enhanced for potential utilization in the realm of tissue engineering (TE). This review predominantly concentrates on the present research trends involving TE scaffolds constructed from polysaccharides, proteins and glycosaminoglycans. It provides an overview of the prerequisites, production methods, and TE applications associated with a range of biological macromolecules. Furthermore, it tackles the challenges and opportunities arising from the adoption of these biomaterials in the field of TE. This review also presents a novel perspective on the development of functional biomaterials with broad applicability across various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sirajunisa Talath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Ravi Gundawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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7
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Zeshan M, Amjed N, Ashraf H, Farooq A, Akram N, Zia KM. A review on the application of chitosan-based polymers in liver tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129350. [PMID: 38242400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan-based polymers have enormous structural tendencies to build bioactive materials with novel characteristics, functions, and various applications, mainly in liver tissue engineering (LTE). The specific physicochemical, biological, mechanical, and biodegradation properties give the effective ways to blend these biopolymers with synthetic and natural polymers to fabricate scaffolds matrixes, sponges, and complexes. A variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, including chitosan (CS), alginate (Alg), collagen (CN), gelatin (GL), hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PGLA), polylactic acid (PLA), and silk fibroin gained considerable attention due to their structure-properties relationship. The incorporation of CS within the polymer matrix results in increased mechanical strength and also imparts biological behavior to the designed PU formulations. The significant and growing interest in the LTE sector, this review aims to be a detailed exploration of CS-based polymers biomaterials for LTE. A brief explanation of the sources and extraction, properties, structure, and scope of CS is described in the introduction. After that, a full overview of the liver, its anatomy, issues, hepatocyte transplantation, LTE, and CS LTE applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nyla Amjed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humna Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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8
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Syed MH, Khan MMR, Zahari MAKM, Beg MDH, Abdullah N. Current issues and potential solutions for the electrospinning of major polysaccharides and proteins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126735. [PMID: 37690643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers, especially polysaccharides and proteins, are the promising green replacement for petroleum based polymers. Due to their innate properties, they are effectively used in biomedical applications, especially tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. The fibrous morphology of biopolymers is essentially required for the effectiveness in these biomedical applications. Electrospinning (ES) is the most advanced and robust method to fabricate nanofibers (NFs) and provides a complete solution to the conventional methods issues. However, the major issues regarding fabricating polysaccharides and protein nanofibers using ES include poor electrospinnability, lack of desired fundamental properties for a specific application by a single biopolymer, and insolubility among common solvents. The current review provides the main strategies for effective electrospinning of the major biopolymers. The key strategies include blending major biopolymers with suitable biopolymers and optimizing the solvent system. A systematic literature review was done to provide the optimized solvent system of the major biopolymers along with their best possible biopolymeric blend for ES. The review also highlights the fundamental issues with the commercialization of ES based biomedical products and provides future directions to improve the fabrication of biopolymeric nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Haider Syed
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Md Maksudur Rahman Khan
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
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