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Lu X, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. The multifaceted interactions between Newcastle disease virus proteins and host proteins: a systematic review. Virulence 2024; 15:2299182. [PMID: 38193514 PMCID: PMC10793697 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2299182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) typically induces severe illness in poultry and results in significant economic losses for the worldwide poultry sector. NDV, an RNA virus with a single-stranded negative-sense genome, is susceptible to mutation and immune evasion during viral transmission, thus imposing enormous challenges to avian health and poultry production. NDV is composed of six structural proteins and two nonstructural proteins that exert pivotal roles in viral infection and antiviral responses by interacting with host proteins. Nowadays, there is a particular focus on the mechanisms of virus-host protein interactions in NDV research, yet a comprehensive overview of such research is still lacking. Herein, we briefly summarize the mechanisms regarding the effects of virus-host protein interaction on viral infection, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. This review can not only enhance the present comprehension of the mechanism underlying NDV and host interplay, but also furnish a point of reference for the advancement of antiviral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Huang X, Chen X, Xian Y, Jiang F. Anti-virus activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from medicinal herbs. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109205. [PMID: 38981321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
There has been a sudden increase in viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causing significant harm to human and animal well-being, as well as economic development. Medicinal herbs, with a history of thousands of years in clinical use, contain versatile polysaccharides as one of their primary compounds. This review offers an overview of the antiviral effects of polysaccharides from medicinal herbs on viruses in humans, poultry, swine and aquaculture in recent years. The mechanism of these antiviral polysaccharides, involved in hindering various stages of the viral life cycle thereby blocking virus infection, is summarized. The review also explores other underlying mechanisms of antiviral effects, such as enhancing the immune response, regulating inflammatory reactions, balancing gut flora, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing apoptosis through various corresponding signaling pathways. The structure-function relationships discussed in this article also aid in understanding the antiviral mechanism of natural polysaccharides, indicating the need for more in-depth research and analysis. Natural polysaccharides from medicinal herbs have emerged as valuable resources in the fight against viral infections, exhibiting high effectiveness. This review emphasizes the promising role of polysaccharides from medicinal herbs as potential candidates for blocking viral infections in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Xingyin Chen
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Yuanhua Xian
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Faming Jiang
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China.
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Meng Z, Wang Y, Kong X, Cen M, Duan Z. Chicken speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) negatively regulates MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated proinflammatory cytokine production to promote the replication of Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103461. [PMID: 38290339 PMCID: PMC10844869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is demonstrated to be a specific adaptor of the cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that participates in multiple cellular processes. Up to now, SPOP involved in inflammatory response has attracted more attention, but the association of SPOP with animal virus infection is scarcely reported. In this study, chicken MyD88 (chMyD88), an innate immunity-associated protein, was screened to be an interacting partner of chSPOP using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. This interaction was further confirmed by fluorescence co-localization, Co-IP, and pull-down assays. It was interesting that exogenous recombinant protein HA-chSPOP or endogenous chSPOP alone was mainly located in the nucleus but was translocated to the cytoplasm upon co-expression with chMyD88 or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In addition, chSPOP reduced chMyD88 expression by ubiquitination in a dose-dependent manner, and the regulation of NF-κB activity by chSPOP was dependent solely on chMyD88. Importantly, chSPOP played a negative regulatory role in the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we found that velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection changed the subcellular localization of chSPOP and the expression patterns of chSPOP and chMyD88, and overexpression of chSPOP decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines to enhance velogenic and lentogenic NDV replication, while siRNA-mediated chSPOP knockdown obtained the opposite results, thereby indicating that chSPOP negatively regulated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated proinflammatory cytokine production to promote NDV replication. These findings highlight the important role of the SPOP/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in NDV replication and may provide insightful information about NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Meng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanbi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianya Kong
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mona Cen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Fan L, Liang Z, Ren J, Chen Y, Zhu H, Chen Y, Xiang B, Lin Q, Ding C, Chen L, Ren T. Newcastle disease virus activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PHLPP2 degradation to delay cell apoptosis and promote viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109949. [PMID: 38128444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly pathogenic, contagious, and fatal infectious disease in poultry caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a phosphorylation cascade that participates in regulating several cellular functions. Viruses reportedly regulate the course of infection through the PI3K/AKT axis. Here, we aimed to analyze the pathogenesis of NDV infection mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. We found that NDV infection can phosphorylate AKT to activate the PI3K/AKT axis both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry and Caspase-3 activity assay showed that NDV infection could inhibit cell apoptosis. The activation or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity significantly inhibited or promoted NDV-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of cell apoptosis significantly promoted NDV replication. Overall, our results showed that NDV infection activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibits cell apoptosis, thus promoting viral replication. In this context, the reduced expression of PHLPP2 protein mediated by NDV infection could be inhibited by MG132. PHLPP2 expression reversely and positively regulated NDV replication and cell apoptosis, respectively. These results indicated that NDV infection-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the inhibition of apoptosis depend on the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of the PHLPP2 protein. Co-IP and indirect immunofluorescence results showed that NDV V protein could interact with PHLPP2 protein, indicating that NDV targeted PHLPP2 protein degradation through V protein to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NDV infection, providing a theoretical basis for ND prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoping Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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