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Zalghout S, Kaplan A, Abidi E, El-Achkar GA, Nour-Eldine W, Khalil AA, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Habib A, Zouein FA, Hamade E. Tobacco cigarette smoking exacerbates aortic calcification in an early stage of myocardial infarction in a female mouse model. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:1568-1575. [PMID: 31310016 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased social awareness, marketing restraints, tobacco taxation, and available smoking cessation rehab programs, active and passive smoking remain a worldwide challenging epidemic and a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases development. Although cardiovascular (CV) protection is more pronounced in women than in men due to estrogenic effects, tobacco cigarette smoking exposure seems to alter this protection by modulating estrogen actions via undefined mechanisms. Premenopausal cigarette smoking women are at higher risk of adverse CV effects than non-smokers. In this study, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on early CV injury after myocardial infarction (MI) in non-menopausal female mice. Aortic arch calcification, fibrosis, reactive oxygen species, and gene expression of inflammatory and calcification genes were exaggerated in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). These findings suggest that aortic injury following MI, characterized by vascular smooth muscle cells transdifferentiation, calcification, inflammation, and collagen deposition but not cardiac dysfunction is exacerbated with CS exposure. The novel findings of this study highlight the importance of aortic injury on short and long-term prognosis in CS-exposed MI females. Linking those findings to estrogen alteration is probable and entails investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zalghout
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghewa A El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wared Nour-Eldine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asmaa A Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM-U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, France
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Russo GT, Giandalia A, Romeo EL, Marotta M, Alibrandi A, De Francesco C, Horvath KV, Asztalos B, Cucinotta D. Lipid and non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women with and without coronary heart disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:261-8. [PMID: 24615362 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-013-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in diabetic women. In addition to hyperglycemia, other factors may contribute to the excessive cardiovascular risk. AIM In this study we evaluated common and emerging risk factors in a selected group of postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women with (n = 36) and without CHD (n = 59), not taking lipid-lowering medications. METHODS Clinical and lifestyle data were collected, and metabolic and lipid profile, as well as fasting plasma levels of total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured in all participants. RESULTS Age, menopause and diabetes duration, family history for cardiovascular disease, prevalence of hypertension and current insulin use were greater in diabetic women with than without CHD (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). CHD women also showed higher levels of triglycerides, small dense LDL (sdLDL), remnant-like particle cholesterol, tHcy, and VCAM-1, and a lower creatinine clearance (P < 0.05 all). Conversely, the two groups were comparable for BMI, waist circumference, smoking habit, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol, folate, vitamin B12, hsCRP and IL-6 levels. At multivariate analysis, lower creatinine clearance (OR = 0.932, P = 0.017) and higher sdLDL serum concentration (OR = 1.224, P = 0.037) were the strongest risk factors associated with CHD in this population, whereas no significant association was noted with LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that beyond LDL-C, a lower creatinine clearance and more subtle alterations of LDL particles, together with a constellation of several well known and emerging cardiovascular risk factors, are stronger contributors to the high CHD risk of diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
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Russo GT, Giandalia A, Romeo EL, Alibrandi A, Horvath KV, Asztalos BF, Cucinotta D. Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Apo-AI Containing HDL Subpopulations in Women with and without Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:607924. [PMID: 25258627 PMCID: PMC4167212 DOI: 10.1155/2014/607924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Besides their role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL particles may affect the atherosclerotic process through the modulation of subclinical inflammation. HDL particles differ in size, composition, and, probably, anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis has never been explored in diabetic women, frequently having dysfunctional HDL. The potential relationship between lipid profile, Apo-AI containing HDL subclasses distribution, and common inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6) was examined in 160 coronary heart disease- (CHD-) free women with and without type 2 diabetes. Results. Compared to controls, diabetic women showed lower levels of the atheroprotective large α-1, α-2, and pre-α-1 and higher concentration of the small, lipid-poor α-3 HDL particles (P < 0.05 all); diabetic women also had higher hsCRP and IL-6 serum levels (age- and BMI-adjusted P < 0.001). Overall, HDL subclasses significantly correlated with inflammatory markers: hsCRP inversely correlated with α-1 (P = 0.01) and pre-α-1 (P = 0.003); IL-6 inversely correlated with α-1 (P = 0.003), α-2 (P = 0.004), and pre-α-1 (P = 0.002) and positively with α-3 HDL (P = 0.03). Similar correlations were confirmed at univariate regression analysis. Conclusions. More atheroprotective HDL subclasses are associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, especially in diabetic women. These data suggest that different HDL subclasses may influence CHD risk also through the modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina T. Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy
- *Giuseppina T. Russo:
| | - Annalisa Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta L. Romeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Katalin V. Horvath
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Bela F. Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Domenico Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Mazloomy SS, Baghianimoghadam MH, Ehrampoush MH, Baghianimoghadam B, Mazidi M, Mozayan MR. A Study of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of the Women Referred to Health Centers for Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) and Their Risk Factors. Health Care Women Int 2013; 35:50-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2012.755980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Influence of menopause and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism on lipid profile and HDL subpopulations distribution in women with and without type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Depypere HT, Tummers P, De Bacquer D, De Backer G, Do M, Dhont M. Number of women needed in a prospective trial to prove potential cardiovascular benefit of hormone replacement therapy. Climacteric 2009; 10:238-43. [PMID: 17487650 DOI: 10.1080/13697130701344786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) may be beneficial for the cardiovascular system if hormones are given shortly after the onset of menopause. So far, no randomized trial has provided conclusive results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on Belgian population data, we calculated the number of women that should be included in a prospective double-blinded study to prove a potential cardiovascular benefit of HRT. Sample size calculations were based on the extrapolation of empirical observations made in three large databases from epidemiological studies carried out in Belgium during the past 20 years. RESULTS The 10-year mortality varies with the age at which women are included in the observation. In the normal Belgian female population, the cardiovascular mortality risk is 0.85% and 1.58% for women aged 50-54 and 55-59 years, respectively. To prove that HRT induces a decrease of 10-year mortality of 30% in a normal population of 50-54-year-old women, 34 630 subjects would have to be included; for reductions of 20% and 10%, the numbers would be, respectively, 82 468 and 348 056. To prove a significant decrease in 10-year mortality starting with a normal population with an average age of 55-59 years, the numbers needed for hypothetical reductions of 30%, 20% and 10% would be, respectively, 18 514, 44 072 and 185 936. CONCLUSION If cardiovascular mortality is the study end-point, it is obvious that such a study will be a gigantic task. Taking cardiovascular morbidity as the end-point, such a study would be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Depypere
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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Russo GT, Di Benedetto A, Alessi E, Giandalia A, Gaudio A, Ientile R, Horvath KV, Asztalos B, Raimondo G, Cucinotta D. Menopause modulates homocysteine levels in diabetic and non-diabetic women. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:546-51. [PMID: 18591889 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk of Type 2 diabetic women. However, to date, data on factors modulating tHcy concentration in this population are scarce. Fasting tHcy, vitamin B12, folate plasma levels, and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype as well as clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle variables were compared in 91 Type 2 diabetic and 91 matched non-diabetic women (40 pre- and 51 post-menopausal, in each group). Fasting tHcy concentration did not differ between diabetic and control women, even after multivariable adjustment. In both groups, tHcy levels increased after menopause, but the differences were weakened after multivariable adjustment. The MTHFR genotype distribution was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with a similar TT frequency in diabetic (22.2 %) and control women (19.8%). Overall, tHcy plasma concentration was higher in TT homozygous compared to other genotypes. We found a menopause-genotype interaction on tHcy levels (p=0.068 for menopause*genotype interaction); overall, the increase of tHcy concentration in TT subjects was limited to pre-menopause (p<0.0001; adjusted p=0.024), and this was confirmed after considering diabetic and control women separately (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). At multivariate analysis, menopause was an independent correlate of tHcy concentration, together with creatinine, folate and MTHFR genotype. Our data show that menopause has a strong influence on tHcy concentration even in Type 2 diabetic women and demonstrate, for the first time, that it may modulate the association between tHcy and the common MTHFR polymorphism both in diabetic and non-diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, Korlagunta K, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol Concentrations in Native American Postmenopausal Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008; 17:355-66. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Patade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Latha Devareddy
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Kiranmayi Korlagunta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Bruce P. Daggy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Méthot J, Hamelin BA, Arsenault M, Bogaty P, Plante S, Poirier P. The ACE-DD genotype is associated with endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007; 13:959-66. [PMID: 17003740 DOI: 10.1097/01.gme.0000243576.09065.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), the angiotensinogen M235T and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms, and hormone therapy used on endothelial function in postmenopausal women without manifestation of coronary artery disease. DESIGN Sixty-four postmenopausal women (42 hormone therapy users and 22 hormone therapy nonusers) without clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease were evaluated using external vascular ultrasonography to measure endothelium-dependent (hyperemic response, flow-mediated dilatation) and -independent (nitroglycerin) dilatation. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification. RESULTS Women with the ACE-DD genotype displayed a lower flow-mediated dilatation compared to those with the ACE-II genotype (8.4% +/- 3.9% vs 12.6% +/- 5.4%, P = 0.04). Endothelial function was not associated with the angiotensinogen M235T and anglotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms. ACE polymorphism seems to modulate endothelial function among postmenopausal women without hormone therapy (8.2% +/- 5.1% vs 18.4% +/- 5.9% for the DD and the II genotype, respectively, P = 0.02). However, in hormone therapy users, flow-mediated dilatation was similar according to the ACE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ACE-I/D polymorphism is related to endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, a potential interaction between estrogen users and ACE polymorphism on endothelial function may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Méthot
- Quebec Heart Institute/Laval Hospital, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
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Méthot J, Hamelin BA, Bogaty P, Arsenault M, Plante S, Poirier P. ACE-DD genotype is associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in postmenopausal women. Int J Cardiol 2005; 105:308-14. [PMID: 16274774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), the A1166C polymorphism in the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and the M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene are associated with cardiovascular disease mostly in men. Few data are available on the effects of these genetic variations in postmenopausal women according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. In this case-control study, we determine the frequency of mutant alleles in the ACE I/D, M235T and A1166C polymorphisms in postmenopausal Caucasian women with and without a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data from 198 women with ACS (63+/-10 years) and 149 controls (62+/-7 years) showed that ACE-DD genotype was more prevalent in women with ACS compared to controls (30% vs. 19%, P<0.05). There was no difference in genotype distributions for either the M235T or the A1166C polymorphisms between groups. The difference in ACE genotype distribution between ACS women and controls was driven by current HRT users with 30% of ACS and 15% of controls carrying the ACE-DD genotype (P<0.05). The oligenic combination of ACE-DD and M235T-TT genotypes was higher in ACS compared to controls. Among carriers of M235T-TT, 7% of ACS and 1% of controls also had the ACE-DD genotype, P<0.05. Thus, the ACE-DD genotype may be associated with ACS in postmenopausal women, particularly in HRT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Méthot
- Quebec Heart Institute, Laval Hospital, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada, G1V 4G5
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Demissie S, Cupples LA, Shearman AM, Gruenthal KM, Peter I, Schmid CH, Karas RH, Housman DE, Mendelsohn ME, Ordovas JM. Estrogen receptor-alpha variants are associated with lipoprotein size distribution and particle levels in women: the Framingham Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2005; 185:210-8. [PMID: 16005459 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipid profile is affected by endogenous estrogen levels and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). As plasma lipid concentrations have a significant heritable basis and the effects of both endogenous estrogen and use of HRT are mediated by estrogen receptors, we sought to investigate the relationships between polymorphisms in estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. We analyzed data from 854 women (mean age 52+/-10 years) from the Framingham Heart Study. A TA repeat in the promoter region, c.30T>C in exon 1, c.454-397T>C, and c.454-351A>G in intron 1, all in linkage disequilibrium (LD), were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and concentration of small LDL particles. Women with the c.454-397C allele had larger LDL particle size (21.09+/-0.02 nm versus 21.01+/-0.03 nm, p=0.021) concurrent with lower small LDL particle concentration (0.47+/-0.02 mmol/L versus 0.58+/-0.03 mmol/L, p=0.008). Moreover, the TA[L]-c.30C-c.454-397C-c.454-351G haplotype (frequency, 32%) was associated with lower small LDL particle concentrations (-0.06+/-0.03 mmol/L change associated with each copy of this haplotype, p=0.011) when compared to the TA[S]-c.30T-c.454-397T-c.454-351A haplotype (frequency, 46%), where L and S are long and short TA repeats. Our results suggest that common ESR1 polymorphisms have a significant effect on lipoprotein metabolism in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, TE425 Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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