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Cheung C, Tu S, Feng Y, Wan C, Ai H, Chen Z. Mitochondrial quality control dysfunction in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies & future prospects. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105522. [PMID: 38861889 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, pain, and disability. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial quality control dysfunction contributes to OA pathogenesis. Mitochondria are essential organelles to generate cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation and regulate vital processes. Impaired mitochondria can negatively impact cellular metabolism and result in the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dysfunction in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms has been increasingly linked to OA onset and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial quality control disruption in OA, highlighting disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defenses and mitophagy. The review also discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial Quality Control in OA, offering future perspectives on advancing OA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuen Cheung
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Tu
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuiming Wan
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Luiz Antonio E, de Oliveira HA, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Teixeira ILA, Yoshizaki AP, Dos Santos LFN, Leal-Junior ECP, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Examining the impact of varying low-level laser dose on cardiac failure. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 39126163 DOI: 10.1111/php.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising tool that can mitigate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. However, there is no gold standard energy delivered to the heart and few studies have evaluated the impact of LLLT on cardiac performance. This study evaluated effects of repeated LLLT applications with different energies delivered to the infarcted myocardium. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were applied to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance in rats with large infarcts. ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to assess LV inflammation and oxidative stress. An 830-nm Laser Photon III semiconductor aluminum gallium arsenide diode (DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) was applied transthoracically three times a week for 4 weeks based on the energy (i.e., 10J, 20J, and 40J; respectively). LLLT on 10J and 20J had a similar action in attenuating pulmonary congestion and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, 10J and 20J attenuated LV end-diastolic pressure and improved +dP/dt and -dP/dt. All LLLT groups had lower levels of inflammatory mediators, but only the 10J group had normalized oxidative stress. All LLLT doses improved superoxide dismutase levels; however, only the 20J group showed a high content of the catalase. There was a lower level of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in the infarcted myocardium, which it was normalized in the 20J and 40J groups. A higher phospholamban content was found in the 10J group. This study supports the beneficial LLLT role post-infarction. Apparently, the 10J and 20J doses show to be chosen for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helenita Antonia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gianna Móes Albuquerque-Pontes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ighor Luiz Azevedo Teixeira
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo José Ferreira Tucci
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ortiz VD, Teixeira RB, Türck P, Corssac GB, Belló-Klein A, de Castro AL, Araujo ASDR. Influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones on inflammatory proteins and cardioprotective factor HIF-1α in the infarcted heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:106-116. [PMID: 36661235 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) pathophysiology. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), however, is a key transcription factor related to cardioprotection. This study aimed to compare the influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones (TH) on inflammatory and HIF-1α proteins and on cardiac haemodynamics in the infarcted heart. Male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: sham-operated group (SHAM), infarcted group (MI), infarcted treated with the carvedilol group (MI + C), infarcted treated with the TH group (MI + TH), and infarcted co-treated with the carvedilol and TH group (MI + C + TH). Haemodynamic analysis was assessed 15 days post-AMI. The left ventricle (LV) was collected for morphometric and Western blot analysis. The MI group presented LV systolic pressure reduction, LV end-diastolic pressure elevation, and contractility index decrease compared to the SHAM group. The MI + C, MI + TH, and MI + C + TH groups did not reveal such alterations compared to the SHAM group. The MI + TH and MI + C + TH groups presented reduced MyD88 and NLRP3 and increased HIF-1α levels. In conclusion, all treatments preserve the cardiac haemodynamic, and only TH, as isolated treatment or in co-treatment with carvedilol, was able to reduce MyD88 and NLRP3 and increase HIF-1α in the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Duarte Ortiz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrick Türck
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giana Blume Corssac
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bestetti RB, Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Rizzi E, Bonacio GF, Faria-Jr M, Furlan-Daniel R, Castro-França S. Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Patients with Chronic Chagas Heart Disease and Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Correlation with TGF-Beta Plasma Levels. Cardiol Res Pract 2023; 2023:8484697. [PMID: 37122872 PMCID: PMC10132902 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8484697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) frequently coexists in areas where Chagas disease is endemic. The effects of the association of both conditions (CCHD-SAH) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 are involved in ECM remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate MMP 2 and MMP9 in CCHD-SAH patients and to correlate their levels with those of the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta. Methods We included 19 patients with CCHD-SAH, 14 patients with CCHD alone, and 19 controls matched by sex and age. MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasma levels were studied by gel zymography and showed as optical densities (OD). TGF-beta plasma levels were measured by double-ligand ELISA and expressed as pg/mL. Results Median (5th, 95th) MMP-2 plasma levels were 1224.7 OD (1160, 1433.5) in patients with CCHD alone, 1424.1 OD (1267.5, 1561) in patients with CCHD-SAH, and 940 OD (898.1, 1000.8) in controls (p=0.001). MMP-9 plasma levels were 1870 OD (1740, 1904.1) in patients with CCHD alone, 1754.6 OD (1650, 2049) in those with CCHD-SAH and 89.7 OD (80, 96) in controls (p=0.0003). MMP-9 plasma levels were higher than those of MMP 2 in patients with CCHD-SAH (p=0.01). No correlation was found between TGF-beta plasma levels with MMP-2 serum levels (r = 0.12; p=0.7), but a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.46; p=0.048) was observed between TGF-beta and MMP-9 plasma levels. Conclusions MMP-2 and especially MMP-9 may play a role in the ECM remodeling process in patients with CCHD-SAH. TGF-Beta may counteract the MMP effect on the ECM remodeling process in patients with CCHD-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B. Bestetti
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ellen Rizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giselle F. Bonacio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Milton Faria-Jr
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire Furlan-Daniel
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Bakr AG, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM, El-Shoura EAM. Combined apocynin and carvedilol protect against cadmium-induced testicular damage via modulation of inflammatory response and redox-sensitive pathways. Life Sci 2022; 311:121152. [PMID: 36336125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Kamal RE, Menze E, Albohy A, Ahmed HI, Azab SS. Neuroprotective repositioning and anti-tau effect of carvedilol on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in rats: Insights from an insilico& in vivo anti-Parkinson's disease study. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175204. [PMID: 35964655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD) only provide symptomatic relief; however, they don't delay the disease progression, hence new treatment options should be considered. Carvedilol is a nonselective β & α1 blocker with additional effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuro protective properties. In this research, an insilico study was conducted to primarily evaluate carvedilol as an anti-parkinsonian and anti-tau protein target. PASS prediction was performed followed by a docking study of carvedilol. Carvedilol yielded promising results and forward guided this study onto its in vivo evaluation. The in vivo study aimed to assess the neuro-protective effects of carvedilol in rotenone-induced rat model of PD and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. The effects of carvedilol (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) on the measured parameters of open field, catalepsy, Y-maze tests as well as brain histology, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were evaluated. The effective doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) were further tested for their potential anti-tau protein effects. Carvedilol (5 and 10 mg/kg) prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, spatial memory dysfunction, and histological damage. Additionally, carvedilol significantly inhibited rotenone-induced decrease in TH expression in the striata of the rats. These effects were associated with reduction of rotenone-induced neuro-inflammation, microglial activation and release of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), along with reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors activation, alpha-synculein and phospho-Tau (P-Tau) protein expression. Carvedilol also reduced tau protein hyper-phosphosrylation by Glycogen synthase 3β (GSK 3β) inhibition and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) stimulation. Collectively, these results suggest that carvedilol might be a possible candidate for management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana E Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Flavonoid Extract from Propolis Provides Cardioprotection following Myocardial Infarction by Activating PPAR-γ. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1333545. [PMID: 35928246 PMCID: PMC9345730 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1333545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that flavonoid extract from propolis (FP) can improve cardiac function in rats following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effects of FP have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we explored whether FP can reduce inflammatory cytokines and attenuate sympathetic nerve system activity and antiendoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and whether the cardioprotective effects are related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham group received the surgical procedure but no artery was ligated; MI group received ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary artery; MI + FP group received FP (12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically) seven days prior to LAD ligation; FP group (Sham group + 12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically); MI + FP + GW9662 group received FP prior to LAD ligation with the addition of a specific PPAR-γ inhibitor (GW9662), 1 mg/kg/d, orally); and MI + GW9662 group received the PPAR-γ inhibitor and LAD ligation. The results demonstrated that the following inflammatory markers were significantly elevated following MI as compared with expression in sham animals: IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP; markers of sympathetic activation: plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and GAP43, nerve growth factor, thyroid hormone; and ER stress response markers GRP78 and CHOP. Notably, the above changes were attenuated by FP, and GW9662 was able to alleviate the effect of FP. In conclusion, FP induces a cardioprotective effect following myocardial infarction by activating PPAR-γ, leading to less inflammation, cardiac sympathetic activity, and ER stress.
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Bryniarski P, Nazimek K, Marcinkiewicz J. Immunomodulatory properties of antihypertensive drugs and digitalis glycosides. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:111-121. [PMID: 35130796 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2039627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of chronic inflammatory process in the pathogenesis or exacerbation of hypertension has been already acknowledged. AREAS COVERED Therefore, one can speculate that hypotensive drugs may exert some of their therapeutic effects due to immunomodulatory properties. So far, this assumption has been tested in different studies, and the resulting knowledge is summarized in the current review article that is dedicated to different groups of antihypertensives, namely calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, as well as other less commonly used medications, such as hydralazine, agonists of alfa-2 receptor, diazoxide, doxazosin, aliskiren, and sodium nitroprusside. Articles were found in the Pubmed database by entering the name of a specific drug (or group of drugs) together with the words: immunology, cellular response, humoral response, inflammation, interleukin. The 2000-2021 range was used to search for all drugs except propranolol (1980-2021) and calcium blockers (1990-2021). EXPERT OPINION Observed decrease in serum/plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and CRP along with lower expression of adhesion molecules on immune cells strongly suggest that these drugs possess immunomodulatory properties, which seems to be crucial in the medical practice, especially in the therapy of hypertensive patients with other accompanying inflammatory-based diseases, such as type II diabetes, developed metabolic syndrome, allergies or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
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Effect of a Low Dose of Carvedilol on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Urinary Toxicity in Rats—A Comparison with Mesna. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121237. [PMID: 34959638 PMCID: PMC8708009 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major side effects of cyclophosphamide (CPX)—an alkylating anticancer drug that is still clinically used—is urotoxicity with hemorrhagic cystitis. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of carvedilol to protect rats from cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with CPX (200 mg/kg) and administered carvedilol (2 mg/kg) intragastrically a day before, at the day and a day after a single i.p. injection of CPX, with or without mesna (40, 80, and 80 mg/kg i.p. 20 min before, 4 h and 8 h after CPX administration, respectively). Pretreatment with carvedilol partly prevented the CPX-induced increase in urinary bladder and kidney index, and completely protects from CPX-evoked alterations in serum potassium and creatinine level, but did not prevent histological alterations in the urinary bladder and hematuria. However, carvedilol administration resulted in significant restoration of kidney glutathione (GSH) level and a decrease in kidney interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations. Not only did mesna improve kidney function, but it also completely reversed histological abnormalities in bladders and prevented hematuria. In most cases, no significant interaction of carvedilol with mesna was observed, although the effect of both drugs together was better than mesna given alone regarding plasma ADMA level and kidney IL-1β concentration. In conclusion, carvedilol did not counteract the injury caused in the urinary bladders but restored kidney function, presumably via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Effects of Carvedilol and Thyroid Hormones Co-administration on Apoptotic and Survival Proteins in the Heart After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:698-707. [PMID: 33105324 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular death and survival signaling plays a key role in the progress of adverse cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therapeutic strategies, such as co-treatment with beta-blocker carvedilol and thyroid hormones (THs), give rise to new approaches that can sustain the cellular homeostasis after AMI. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of carvedilol and TH co-administration on apoptosis and survival proteins and on cardiac remodeling after AMI. Male Wistar rats were distributed in 5 groups as follows: sham-operated group (SHAM), infarcted group (MI), infarcted plus carvedilol group (MI+C), infarcted plus TH group (MI+TH), and infarcted plus carvedilol and TH co-treatment group (MI+C+TH). Echocardiographic analysis was performed, and hearts were collected for western blot evaluation. The MI group presented systolic posterior wall thickness loss, an increase in the wall tension index, and an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide tissue levels than the SHAM group. However, in the MI+C+TH group, these parameters were equally to the SHAM group. Moreover, whereas the MI group showed Bax protein expression elevated in relation to the SHAM group, the MI+C+TH group presented Bax reduction and also Akt activation compared with the MI group. In addition, the MI+TH group revealed beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR) upregulation compared with the MI and MI+C groups, whereas the MI+C+TH group presented lower levels of β1AR in relation to the SHAM and MI+TH groups. In conclusion, we suggest that carvedilol and TH co-administration may mediate its cardioprotective effects against adverse cardiac remodeling post-AMI through the Bax reduction, Akt activation, and β1AR decrease.
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Effects of third-generation β-blockers, atenolol or amlodipine on blood pressure variability and target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:536-545. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Carvedilol Ameliorates Experimental Atherosclerosis by Regulating Cholesterol Efflux and Exosome Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205202. [PMID: 31635197 PMCID: PMC6834197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol (Cav), a nonselective β-blocker with α1 adrenoceptor blocking effect, has been used as a standard therapy for coronary artery disease. This study investigated the effects of Cav on exosome expression and function, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, and cholesterol efflux that are relevant to the process of atherosclerosis. Human monocytic (THP-1) cell line and human hepatic (Huh-7) cells were treated with Cav, and cholesterol efflux was measured. Exosomes from cell culture medium or mice serum were isolated using glycan-coated recognition beads. Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (ldlr−/−) mice were fed with high-fat diet and treated with Cav. Cav accentuated cholesterol efflux and enhanced the expressions of ABCA1 protein and mRNA in both THP-1 and Huh-7 cells. In addition, Cav increased expression and function of exosomal ABCA1 in THP-1 macrophage exosomes. The mechanisms were associated with inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and protein kinase B (Akt). In hypercholesterolemic ldlr−/− mice, Cav enhanced serum exosomal ABCA1 expression and suppressed atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid deposition and macrophage accumulation. Cav halts atherosclerosis by enhancing cholesterol efflux and increasing ABCA1 expression in macrophages and in exosomes, possibly through NF-κB and Akt signaling, which provides mechanistic insights regarding the beneficial effects of Cav on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Ortiz VD, Türck P, Teixeira R, Lima-Seolin BG, Lacerda D, Fraga SF, Hickmann A, Gatelli Fernandes TR, Belló-Klein A, Luz de Castro A, da Rosa Araujo AS. Carvedilol and thyroid hormones co-administration mitigates oxidative stress and improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Grandinetti V, Carlos FP, Antonio EL, de Oliveira HA, Dos Santos LFN, Yoshizaki A, Mansano BSDM, Silva FA, Porte LA, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, de Carvalho PDTC, Manchini MT, Leal-Junior EC, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Photobiomodulation therapy combined with carvedilol attenuates post-infarction heart failure by suppressing excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9425. [PMID: 31263132 PMCID: PMC6603025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-myocardial infarction heart failure (HF) still carries a huge burden since current therapy is unsuccessful to abrogate poor prognosis. Thus, new approaches are needed, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) may be a way. However, it is not known whether PBMt added to a standard HF therapy provides additional improvement in cardiac remodeling in infarcted rats. This study sought to determine the combined carvedilol-drug and PBMt with low-level laser therapy value in HF. Rats with large infarcts were treated for 30 days. The functional fitness was evaluated using a motorized treadmill. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were used for functional evaluations of left ventricular (LV). ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium. Carvedilol and PBMt had a similar action in normalizing pulmonary congestion and LV end-diastolic pressure, attenuating LV dilation, and improving LV systolic function. Moreover, the application of PBMt to carvedilol-treated rats inhibited myocardial hypertrophy and improved +dP/dt of LV. PBMt alone prevented inflammation with a superior effect than carvedilol. Carvedilol and PBMt normalized 4-hydroxynonenal (a lipoperoxidation marker) levels in the myocardium. However, importantly, the addition of PBMt to carvedilol attenuated oxidized protein content and triggered a high activity of the anti-oxidant catalase enzyme. In conclusion, these data show that the use of PBMt plus carvedilol therapy results in a significant additional improvement in HF in a rat model of myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects were observed to be due, at least in part, to decreased myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grandinetti
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pereira Carlos
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Yoshizaki
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio André Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Adventista de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie Andrews Porte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Adventista de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Martha Trindade Manchini
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Leal-Junior
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Louzada LM, Briso ALF, Benetti F, Vieira LB, de Castilho Jacinto R, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA. Anti-inflammatory potential of a carvedilol gel in the pulpal tissue of rats after dental bleaching: A histopathological evaluation. JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2019; 10:e12401. [PMID: 30693672 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Carvedilol is an antioxidant that decreases inflammation in periodontitis. The hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) of bleaching gel causes inflammation and necrosis of the dental pulp. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of carvedilol in the pulp of rats after bleaching. METHODS The right upper molars of rats received 35% H2 O2 (1× 30 minutes), and the left upper molars were used as the control. Half of the rats received carvedilol gel (1× 10 minutes), forming the following groups: bleached, bleached followed by carvedilol (bleached+carvedilol), and control. After 2 and 30 days (N = 7 hemi-maxillae/group), the rats were killed for histological evaluation, and statistical tests were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS After 2 days, the bleached group showed necrosis in the occlusal third of the coronal pulp, and in the bleached+carvedilol group, severe inflammation (P > 0.05), both different from the control (P < 0.05). In the middle third, the bleached group showed severe inflammation, and the bleached+carvedilol group showed moderate inflammation (P > 0.05), with the only difference between the bleached and control groups (P < 0.05). In the cervical third, the bleached group showed moderate inflammation, and the bleached+carvedilol group showed mild inflammation (P > 0.05). The difference again was only between the bleached and control groups (P < 0.05). At 30 days, there was no inflammation and a marked amount of tertiary dentin in bleached teeth (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Carvedilol gel has the potential of minimizing H2 O2 damage, especially in deep regions of the dental pulp of rats after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane M Louzada
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L F Briso
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Vieira
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elói Dezan-Júnior
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano T A Cintra
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Anti-inflammatory activities of hepatocyte growth factor in post-ischemic heart failure. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1613-1621. [PMID: 29795355 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) alleviates acute and chronic inflammation in experimental inflammatory bowel disease, glomerulonephritis, and airway inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of HGF on myocardial infarction are not defined. The current study assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of HGF in post-ischemic heart failure. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in rats, and adenovirus containing human HGF (Ad-HGF) or control virus (Ad-GFP) was administered intramyocardially. The quantity of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by cardiomyocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, was evaluated. Cardiac function and LV remodeling were assessed using echocardiography and collagen deposition, respectively. Left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) four weeks after injection were significantly increased in Ad-HGF-treated animals compared to the Ad-GFP group. HGF gene therapy improved ventricular geometry with a significantly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and markedly reduced myocardial collagen deposition. Treatment with Ad-HGF significantly decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the non-infarcted region four weeks after injection. Changes of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in the non-infarcted region positively correlated with the LVEDD 4 weeks after infarction. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with Ad-HGF in the early stage of MI reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and preserved cardiac function. These findings indicated that Ad-HGF gene therapy alleviated ventricular remodeling after infarction by reducing inflammation.
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Wu X, Chen Z, Yang Y, Dong Y, Liu H, Kuang S, Luo K. Impact of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on expression of NF-κB, IL-1β and histological remodeling after myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1365-1372. [PMID: 30112065 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG-132) on myocardial remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. The rat model of MI was established, followed by administration of MG-132 (MG group), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid (PDTC group) or normal saline (MI group) for 28 days. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), as well as the total volume of collagen and the ratio of type I/III collagen were then detected. Total collagen, including type I and III collagen, and the ratio of type I/III collagen were significantly increased in MI rats compared with those in the sham group (P<0.01), while it was significantly decreased in the PDTC and MG groups compared with that in the MI group (P<0.01). A similar trend was identified for the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β and MMP-2, which was significantly increased in the MI group compared with that in the sham group (P<0.01), while it was significantly decreased in the MG and PDTC groups compared with that in the MI group (P<0.01). In conclusion, MG-132 was demonstrated to improve post-MI tissue remodeling, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation and the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangrong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Kailiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, P.R. China
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Potential Role of Carvedilol in the Cardiac Immune Response Induced by Experimental Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9205062. [PMID: 28377930 PMCID: PMC5362721 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes a cardiac infection characterized by an inflammatory imbalance that could become the inciting factor of the illness. To this end, we evaluated the role of carvedilol, a beta-blocker with potential immunomodulatory properties, on the immune response in C57BL/6 mice infected with VL-10 strain of T. cruzi in the acute phase. Animals (n = 40) were grouped: (i) not infected, (ii) infected, (iii) infected + carvedilol, and (iv) not infected + carvedilol. We analyzed parameters related to parasitemia, plasma levels of TNF, IL-10, and CCL2, and cardiac histopathology after the administration of carvedilol for 30 days. We did not observe differences in the maximum peaks of parasitemia in the day of their detection among the groups. The plasma TNF was elevated at 60 days of infection in mice treated or not with carvedilol. However, we observed a decreased CCL2 level and increased IL-10 levels in those infected animals treated with carvedilol, which impacted the reduction of the inflammatory infiltration in cardiac tissue. For this experimental model, carvedilol therapy was not able to alter the levels of circulating parasites but modulates the pattern of CCL2 and IL-10 mediators when the VL10 strain of T. cruzi was used in C57BL6 mice.
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Del Mauro JS, Prince PD, Donato M, Fernandez Machulsky N, Morettón MA, González GE, Bertera FM, Carranza A, Gorzalczany SB, Chiappetta DA, Berg G, Morales C, Gelpi RJ, Taira CA, Höcht C. Effects of carvedilol or amlodipine on target organ damage in L-NAME hypertensive rats: their relationship with blood pressure variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:227-240. [PMID: 28595719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of chronic oral treatment with carvedilol or amlodipine on blood pressure, blood pressure variability and target organ damage in N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. Wistar rats were treated with L-NAME administered in the drinking water for 8 weeks together with oral administration of carvedilol 30 mg/kg (n = 6), amlodipine 10 mg/kg (n = 6), or vehicle (n = 6). At the end of the treatment, echocardiographic evaluation, blood pressure, and short-term variability measurements were performed. Left ventricular and thoracic aortas were removed to assess activity of metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and expression levels of transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6. Histological samples were prepared from both tissues. Carvedilol and amlodipine induced a comparable reduction of systolic and mean arterial pressure and its short-term variability in L-NAME rats. The expression of transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 decreased in both organs after carvedilol or amlodipine treatment and the activity of metalloproteinase was reduced in aortic tissue. Treatment with carvedilol or amlodipine completely prevented left ventricular collagen deposition and morphometric alterations in aorta. Oral chronic treatment with carvedilol or amlodipine significantly attenuates blood pressure variability and reduces target organ damage and biomarkers of tissue fibrosis and inflammation in L-NAME hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta S Del Mauro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula D Prince
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Físicoquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBIMOL-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Fernandez Machulsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Departamiento de Bioquímica Clínica, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Morettón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo M Bertera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Carranza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana B Gorzalczany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Chiappetta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Departamiento de Bioquímica Clínica, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Taira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mahmoud HM, Abo-Yousse AM, Abo-Saif AA. Protective Effect of Carvedilol on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity; Role of Modulation Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.33.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li Z, Liu B, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Tian F, Li B, Zhao D. Carvedilol suppresses cartilage matrix destruction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:309-313. [PMID: 27746177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type Ⅱ (col Ⅱ) and aggrecan, the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in human joint cartilage, have been reported to be reduced by chronic production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in arthritic joints. Carvedilol, a licensed medicine, has been used for treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and coronary disease in clinics. In this study, we investigated the effects of Carvedilol on the expression of col Ⅱ and aggrecan. Our results demonstrate that treatment with Carvedilol didn't change the expression of aggrecan or col Ⅱ at mRNA levels in SW1353 chondrocytes. However, the expression of aggrecan and Col II at protein levels were significantly reduced by IL-1β treatment, which were reversed by Carvedilol in a dose dependent manner, suggesting the inhibitory effects of Carvedilol on the expression of aggrecan and Col II are at post-translational modification levels. In addition, it was shown that IL-1β treatment highly induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in SW1353 chondrocytes at both gene and protein expression levels, which were restored by Carvedilol in a dose dependent manner. Mechanistically, exposure to IL-1β increased phosphorylation of IKK-α/β and degradation of IκB-α in SW1353 chondrocytes, which were suppressed by pretreatment with Carvedilol. Administration of Carvedilol inhibited IL-1β-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytosol to nucleus manner. Notably, a luciferase reporter assay showed that IL-1β severely increased NF-κB luciferase activity, which was markedly suppressed by Carvedilol treatment. Our results suggest that Carvedilol might be a potential therapeutic agent for chondro-protective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fengde Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
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Amirshahrokhi K, Khalili AR. Carvedilol attenuates paraquat-induced lung injury by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine MCP-1, NF-κB activation and oxidative stress mediators. Cytokine 2016; 88:144-153. [PMID: 27619518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that selectively accumulates in the lungs and causes pulmonary damage through the oxidative and inflammatory processes. Carvedilol is a nonselective beta and alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that has been shown to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of carvedilol on paraquat-induced lung injury in a mouse model. Mice were injected with a single dose of paraquat (20mg/kg, ip), and treated with carvedilol (10 and 20mg/kg/day, orally) for eight days. At the end of the experiment, lung tissue and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed that carvedilol treatment improved the histopathological changes in the lung tissue of mice exposed to paraquat. Carvedilol significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO), while increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione reductase compared with paraquat group. Carvedilol treatment also significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the lung tissue. Treatment of mice with carvedilol decreased paraquat-induced expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and the lung hydroxyproline content significantly reduced by carvedilol treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that carvedilol is able to decrease the severity of paraquat-induced lung injury through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali-Reza Khalili
- Division of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Tschirner A, Palus S, Hetzer R, Meyer R, Anker SD, Springer J. Six1 is down-regulated in end-stage human dilated cardiomyopathy independently of Ezh2. ESC Heart Fail 2015; 1:154-159. [PMID: 27668088 PMCID: PMC5024036 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it was shown that a knock‐out (KO) of the polycomb histone methyltransferase Ezh2 leads to cardiac hypertrophy in mice, which was driven by the homeodomain transcription factor Six1. Here, we analyzed the expression of Six1 and its regulating factor Ezh2 in cardiac tissue of patients with end‐stage dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Tissue samples of patients with end‐stage DCM (n = 35) were compared with controls (n = 12) for the protein expression of Ezh1, Ezh2, Six1, and a marker of protein expression p70S6K. Results Contrary to the Ezh2‐KO mouse model, we found a down‐regulation of Six1 (26%) and an up‐regulation of Ezh2 (76%) in DCM hearts, (both P < 0.05). Expression of Ezh2 and Six1 did not correlate in human tissue (DCM: r2: 0.03, P = 0.31 and donor: r2: 0.05, P = 0.45). Expression of Six1 weakly correlated with left ventricular end‐systolic diameter and fractional shortening. In DCM, Six1 also showed a positive correlation to the expression of the ribosomal protein p70S6K (r: 0.39, P = 0.029), which is involved in protein synthesis. This correlation was not seen in donor tissue, which showed a trend for a negative correlation (r: −0.49, P = 0.08). Conclusion Our data indicate that the Ezh2/Six1 axis might be involved in human DCM. However, Six1 expression may be regulated by factors other than Ezh2, and more research is needed to determine the precise role of Ezh2/Six1 in human DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tschirner
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of CardiologyCharité Medical SchoolBerlinGermany; Center for Cardiovascular ResearchCharité Medical SchoolBerlinGermany
| | - Sandra Palus
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials University Medical Centre Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials University Medical Centre Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials University Medical Centre Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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Liu D, Huang Y, Li B, Jia C, Liang F, Fu Q. Carvedilol promotes neurological function, reduces bone loss and attenuates cell damage after acute spinal cord injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:202-12. [PMID: 25424914 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Changqing Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Liu Q, Zhang J, Xu Y, Huang Y, Wu C. Effect of carvedilol on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of myocardial infarction: a role for toll-like receptor 4. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:458-63. [PMID: 24130379 PMCID: PMC3793515 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.117729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is crucial in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial infarction (MI) and carvedilol has been reported to have anti-apoptotic effects. We hypothesized that the effects of this agent are in part mediated through TLR4 signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 rats were randomized to the following groups before surgery: sham-operated group (n = 8), MI group (n = 10) and three carvedilol-treatment groups (n = 30, 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). Sham and MI groups were given vehicle and carvedilol groups received different dose carvedilol, by direct gastric gavage for 7 days. On the 4(th) day of drug or vehicle administration, MI model was produced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. On day 3 after MI, apoptosis was assessed by TdT-UTP nick-end assay; the levels of expression of Bax, Bcl-2, TLR4 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in infarcted myocardium were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Carvedilol ameliorated MI-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, carvedilol also decreased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB induced by MI. The extent of apoptosis and Bax-Bcl-2 ratio was strongly correlated with the TLR4 levels. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the short-term administration of carvedilol can significantly alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the infarcted myocardium probably by inhibiting the excessive expression of TLR4 and NF-κB induced by infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
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Kim Y, Hwang W, Cho ML, Her YM, Ahn S, Lee J. The effects of intraoperative esmolol administration on perioperative inflammatory responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy: a dose-response study. Surg Innov 2014; 22:177-82. [PMID: 24803523 DOI: 10.1177/1553350614532534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical trauma elicits inflammatory responses, including the secretion of cytokines. Recent studies demonstrated that beta-blockers could reduce the expression of cytokines after injury. We therefore tested the effects of different doses of intraoperative esmolol on the inflammatory response after surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy were randomly separated into 1 of 3 groups: saline, clinical dose, and subclinical dose groups. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay after the induction of anesthesia (T0), at the end of peritoneal closure (T1), and 60 minutes after surgery (T2). Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on postoperative day 1. RESULTS At T2, the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the saline group were elevated significantly compared with at T0 or T1 (IL-6: 119.62 and 15.97 pg/mL at T2 and T0, respectively [P = .042]; IL-10: 27.27 and 7.03 pg/mL at T2 and T1, respectively [P = .037]). However, no changes were observed over time in the clinical dose group. In contrast, postoperative levels of IL-4 were decreased significantly in the clinical dose group compared with the saline group (2.14 vs 21.91 pg/mL, P = .022). In addition, the CRP levels on postoperative day 1 were lower in the esmolol-treated groups, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels were increased over time, suggesting that laparoscopic surgery is a stressor, even though it causes minimal tissue injury. Treatment with esmolol decreased the inflammatory response and CRP production in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsuk Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Mi-La Cho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Mi Her
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulgi Ahn
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Le DE, Pascotto M, Leong-Poi H, Sari I, Micari A, Kaul S. Anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects of beta blockers in a canine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy: comparison between carvedilol and metoprolol. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:384. [PMID: 24072434 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is controversy regarding the superiority of carvedilol (C) over metoprolol (M) in congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that C is superior to M in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy because of its better anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects. In order to test our hypothesis we used a chronic canine model of multivessel ischemic cardiomyopathy where myocardial microcatheters were placed from which interstitial fluid was collected over time to measure leukocyte count and cytokine levels. After development of left ventricular dysfunction, the animals were randomized into four groups: sham (n = 7), placebo (n = 8), M (n = 11), and C (n = 10), and followed for 3 months after treatment initiation. Tissue was examined for immunohistochemistry, oxidative stress, and capillary density. At 3 months both rest and stress wall thickening were better in C compared to the other groups. At the end of 3 months of treatment end-systolic wall stress also decreased the most in C. Similarly resting myocardial blood flow (MBF) improved the most in C as did the stress endocardial/epicardial MBF. Myocardial interstitial fluid showed greater attenuation of leukocytosis with C compared to M, which was associated with less fibrosis and oxidative stress. C also had higher IL-10 level and capillary density. In conclusion, in a chronic canine model of multivessel ischemic cardiomyopathy we found 3 months of C treatment resulted in better resting global and regional function as well as better regional function at stress compared to M. These changes were associated with higher myocardial levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and less myocardial oxidative stress, leukocytosis, and fibrosis. Capillary density and MBF were almost normalized. Thus in the doses used in this study, C appears to be superior to M in a chronic canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy from beneficial effects on inflammation and angiogenesis. Further studies are required for comparing additional doses of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Hospital and Specialty Medicine - Cardiology, Portland VA Medical Center and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Smad3 inactivation and MiR-29b upregulation mediate the effect of carvedilol on attenuating the acute myocardium infarction-induced myocardial fibrosis in rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75557. [PMID: 24086569 PMCID: PMC3783413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, protects against myocardial injury induced by acute myocardium infarction (AMI). The mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of carvedilol are unknown. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated whether miR-29b is involved in the cardioprotective effect of carvedilol against AMI-induced myocardial fibrosis. Male SD rats were randomized into several groups: the sham surgery control, left anterior descending (LAD) surgery-AMI model, AMI plus low-dose carvedilol treatment (1 mg/kg per day, CAR-L), AMI plus medium-dose carvedilol treatment (5 mg/kg per day, CAR-M) and AMI plus high-dose carvedilol treatment (10 mg/kg per day, CAR-H). Cardiac remodeling and impaired heart function were observed 4 weeks after LAD surgery treatment; the observed cardiac remodeling, decreased ejection fraction, and fractional shortening were rescued in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. The upregulated expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA mRNA was significantly reduced in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. Moreover, the downregulated miR-29b was elevated in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. The in vitro study showed that Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA were downregulated and miR-29b was upregulated by carvedilol in a dose-dependent manner in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Inhibition of ROS-induced Smad3 activation by carvedilol resulted in downregulation of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA and upregulation of miR-29b derived from the miR-29b-2 precursor. Enforced expression of miR-29b significantly suppressed Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA expression. Taken together, we found that smad3 inactivation and miR-29b upregulation contributed to the cardioprotective activity of carvedilol against AMI-induced myocardial fibrosis.
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de Araújo Júnior RF, Souza TO, de Medeiros CAX, de Souza LB, Freitas MDL, de Lucena HF, do Socorro Costa Feitosa Alves M, de Araújo AA. Carvedilol decrease IL-1β and TNF-α, inhibits MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, and RANKL expression, and up-regulates OPG in a rat model of periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66391. [PMID: 23843954 PMCID: PMC3700994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are initiated primarily by Gram-negative, tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response that causes osseous and soft tissue destruction. Carvedilol is a β-blocker used as a multifunctional neurohormonal antagonist that has been shown to act not only as an anti-oxidant but also as an anti-inflammatory drug. This study evaluated whether Carvedilol exerted a protective role against ligature-induced periodontitis in a rat model and defined how Carvedilol affected metalloproteinases and RANKL/RANK/OPG expression in the context of bone remodeling. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group): (1) non-ligated (NL), (2) ligature-only (LO), and (3) ligature plus Carvedilol (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg daily for 10 days). Periodontal tissue was analyzed for histopathlogy and using immunohistochemical analysis characterized the expression profiles of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, and RANKL/RANK/OPG and determined the presence of IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and, glutathione (GSH). MPO activity in the group with periodontal disease was significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Rats treated with 10 mg/kg Carvedilol presented with significantly reduced MPO and MDA concentrations (p<0.05) in addition to presenting with reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and TNF-α (p<0.05). IL-10 levels in Carvedilol-treated rats remained unaltered. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, RANK, RANKL, COX-2, and OPG in rats treated with 10 mg/kg Carvedilol. This study demonstrated that Carvedilol affected bone formation/destruction and anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post Graduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post Graduation Program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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CHEN JIANGBIN, HUANG CONGXIN, ZHANG BIN, HUANG QIAO, CHEN JING, XU LIN. The effects of carvedilol on cardiac structural remodeling: The role of endogenous nitric oxide in the activity of carvedilol. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1155-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz L, Murad Y, Shieh WS, Qureshi W, Di Rezze J, Abrencillo R, Gardin T, Gidwani UK, Saravolatz L, Faggian G, Scarabelli TM. A Critical Review of the Use of Carvedilol in Ischemic Heart Disease. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012. [DOI: 10.2165/11636090-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz L, Murad Y, Shieh WS, Qureshi W, Di Rezze J, Abrencillo R, Gardin T, Gidwani UK, Saravolatz L, Faggian G, Scarabelli TM. A critical review of the use of carvedilol in ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12:391-401. [PMID: 23061698 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers) have been recognized for their cardioprotective properties, prompting use of these pharmacologic agents to become more mainstream in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Despite their popularity as a class, the ability to protect the myocardium varies significantly between different agents. Carvedilol is a non-selective β-blocker with α₁-adrenergic receptor antagonism properties. It is unique among β-blockers because in addition to improving exercise tolerance and its anti-ischemic properties secondary to a reduction in heart rate and myocardial contractility, carvedilol exerts other beneficial effects including: antioxidant effects; reduction in neutrophil infiltration; apoptosis inhibition; reduction of vascular smooth muscle migration; and improvement of myocardial remodeling post-AMI. These properties, documented in animal models and subsequent clinical trials, are consistent with established evidence demonstrating decreased morbidity and mortality in patients with CHF and post-AMI. This article reviews the role of carvedilol compared with other β-blockers in the treatment of CHF and post-AMI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chen-Scarabelli
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, St John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48236, USA
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Elnakish MT, Hassona MDH, Alhaj MA, Moldovan L, Janssen PML, Khan M, Hassanain HH. Rac-induced left ventricular dilation in thyroxin-treated ZmRacD transgenic mice: role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42500. [PMID: 22936985 PMCID: PMC3427332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways inducing the critical transition from compensated hypertrophy to cardiac dilation and failure remain poorly understood. The goal of our study is to determine the role of Rac-induced signaling in this transition process. Our previous results showed that Thyroxin (T4) treatment resulted in increased myocardial Rac expression in wild-type mice and a higher level of expression in Zea maize RacD (ZmRacD) transgenic mice. Our current results showed that T4 treatment induced physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type mice, as demonstrated by echocardiography and histopathology analyses. This was associated with significant increases in myocardial Rac-GTP, superoxide and ERK1/2 activities. Conversely, echocardiography and histopathology analyses showed that T4 treatment induced dilated cardiomyopathy along with compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in ZmRacD mice. These were linked with further increases in myocardial Rac-GTP, superoxide and ERK1/2 activities. Additionally, there were significant increases in caspase-8 expression and caspase-3 activity. However, there was a significant decrease in p38-MAPK activity. Interestingly, inhibition of myocardial Rac-GTP activity and superoxide generation with pravastatin and carvedilol, respectively, attenuated all functional, structural, and molecular changes associated with the T4-induced cardiomyopathy in ZmRacD mice except the compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, T4-induced ZmRacD is a novel mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy that shares many characteristics with the human disease phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show graded Rac-mediated O(2)·(-) results in cardiac phenotype shift in-vivo. Moreover, Rac-mediated O(2)·(-) generation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis seem to play a pivotal role in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to cardiac dilation and failure. Targeting Rac signaling could represent valuable therapeutic strategy not only in saving the failing myocardium but also to prevent this transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Elnakish
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohamed D. H. Hassona
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mazin A. Alhaj
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leni Moldovan
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul M. L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hamdy H. Hassanain
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome manifested by signs and symptoms of low cardiac output, pulmonary, and/or systemic congestion. Immunologically, HF is defined as a state of immune activation and persistent inflammation, especially the circulatory levels of inflammatory cytokines have been found to increase. Traditional drugs used in HF have expressed immunomodulatory and/or anticytokine activities that may participate in their therapeutic efficacy in the disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors like captopril and enalapril as well as the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan indicated in HF exerted reducing effects on the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 at experimental and clinical levels. Aldosterone antagonists like spironolactone when administered concomitantly with losartan can attenuate angiotensin II-enhanced cytokine production in HF. Carvedilol beta-adrenergic blockers showed a wider spectrum of anti-inflammatory/anticytokine activity that proved to be associated with improvement of cardiac function and ejection fraction in patients with HF. The poor prognosis in HF despite the long experience with its treatment necessitated thinking about new drugs to be added to the traditional ones. Methotrexate and statins are examples of these drugs, especially because they exert immunologic effects. A low dose of methotrexate has been considered as a hopeful adjunct therapy in chronic HF, but large long-term clinical trials are required. Statins showed conflicting results, although they might be useful early after acute ischemic events associated with left ventricular dysfunction or failure, especially in younger patients with less advanced HF.
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Regulatory T cells ameliorate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 107:232. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arozal W, Sari FR, Watanabe K, Arumugam S, Veeraveedu PT, Ma M, Thandavarayan RA, Sukumaran V, Lakshmanan AP, Kobayashi Y, Mito S, Soetikno V, Suzuki K. Carvedilol-Afforded Protection against Daunorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathic Rats In Vivo: Effects on Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 2011:430549. [PMID: 22084713 PMCID: PMC3197008 DOI: 10.5402/2011/430549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines, most powerful anticancer agents, suffer from their cardiotoxic effects, which may be due to the induction of oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a third-generation, nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, possesses both reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ROS suppressive effects. It showed protective effects against daunorubicin- (DNR-) induced cardiac toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study therefore was designed to examine the effects of carvedilol on DNR-induced cardiomyopathic rats, focused on the changes of left ventricular function, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Carvedilol increased survival rate, prevented systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. DNR alone treated rats showed upregulated myocardial expression of ANP, PKC-α, OPN, and TGF-β1 and downregulation of GATA-4 in comparison with control, and treatment with carvedilol significantly reversed these changes. The results of the present study add the available evidences on the cardioprotection by carvedilol when associated with anthracyclines and explain the mechanisms underlying the benefits of their coadministration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima Akiha-Ku, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
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Shirakabe A, Asai K, Hata N, Yokoyama S, Shinada T, Kobayashi N, Mizuno K. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in patients with acute heart failure. Int Heart J 2011; 51:404-10. [PMID: 21173516 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.51.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase during chronic heart failure (HF) and the MMP-2 are related to a poor prognosis. However, the roles of MMP-2 in acute HF (AHF) remain unclear. We investigated the change and clinical significance of MMP-2 in these conditions. The serum levels of MMP-2 were measured in 83 AHF patients before starting treatment (day 1), 3 (day 3) and 7 (day 7) days after admission, and before discharge (predischarge). MMP-2 decreased rapidly and significantly from day 3 to day 1 (902.9 ± 304.2 versus 1220.4 ± 330.5 ng/mL; P < 0.0001), whereas that of MMP-2 was not significantly different on day 7 and at predischarge (894.7 ± 278.9 and 920.0 ± 269.6 ng/mL, respectively) compared to day 3. We evaluated the relationships between ΔMMPs, defined as the changes in MMPs from day 1 to day 3 and HF events including cardiac death, readmission to hospital for HF, and uncontrollable HF. The MMP-2 value was significantly (P = 0.004) more decreased in the event-free group (381.4 ± 256.5 ng/mL) than in the event group (211.9 ± 225.5 ng/mL) between day 1 and day 3. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model for predicting HF events found that the specific factor for HF events was ΔMMP-2. Cutoff values of ΔMMP-2 were determined and event-free curves were constructed. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the prognosis was significantly better among the patients with reductions in ΔMMP-2 values of more than 342 ng/mL. The serum levels of MMP-2 decreased with improvements in AHF. Rapid decreases in MMP-2 may be important for a better clinical outcome in patients with AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirakabe
- Intensive Care Unit, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical SchoolInzai, Chiba, Japan
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Kadoi Y, Saito S. Possible indications of beta-blockers in the perioperative period other than prevention of cardiac ischemia. J Anesth 2010; 24:81-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-009-0865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Westcott KV, Huang BS, Leenen FH. Brain renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarct: a reviewThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:979-88. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After a myocardial infarct (MI), a variety of mechanisms contribute to progressive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Progressive activation of central sympathoexcitatory pathways appears to depend on a neuromodulatory pathway, involving local production of aldosterone and release of endogenous ouabain-like compounds (‘ouabain’) possibly from magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. ‘Ouabain’ may lower the membrane potential of neurons and thereby enhance activity of angiotensinergic pathways. These central pathways appear to coordinate progressive activation of several peripheral mechanisms such as sympathetic tone and circulating and cardiac renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Central blockade of aldosterone production, mineralocorticoid receptors, ‘ouabain’ activity, or AT1 receptors similarly prevents activation of these peripheral mechanisms. Cardiac remodeling after MI involves progressive left ventricular dilation, fibrosis, and decrease in contractile performance. Central blockade of this neuromodulatory pathway causes a marked attenuation of the remodeling and dysfunction, presumably by inhibiting increases in (cardiac) sympathetic activity and RAAS. At the cellular level, these systems may contribute to the cardiac remodeling by activating proinflammatory cytokines and cardiac myocyte apoptosis. New therapeutic approaches, specifically preventing activation of this brain neuromodulatory pathway, may lead to more optimal and specific approaches to the prevention of heart failure after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V. Westcott
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Bing S. Huang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Frans H.H. Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
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Suppression of collagen production in norepinephrine stimulated cardiac fibroblasts culture: differential effect of alpha and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2009; 23:271-80. [PMID: 19575289 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-009-6183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prolonged sympathetic activation is damaging to the heart and experimental norepinephrine (NE) infusion induces the deposition of myocardial collagen. This study investigated the effects of NE on collagen and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts (CF) culture, and compared the anti-fibrotic effect of alpha and beta (both selective and non-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists) receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat CF were cultured in the presence of NE (0.01 to 100 muM) for 24 hours. Procollagen types I and III as well as TGF-beta1 gene expressions were measured by real-time quantitative PCR method. Collagen protein level was measured by Sirius red-based colorimetric method and Western blot analysis. The optimal dose of NE on fibrogenesis was 0.1 muM. Incubation for 24 hours increased procollagen I, III and TGF-beta1 gene expression by 1.35 +/- 0.23, 1.26 +/- 0.16 and 1.35 +/- 0.21 fold, respectively (all p < 0.05). The collagen protein was increased by both Sirius-red assay (0.120 +/- 0.03 vs 0.093 +/- 0.04 microg/total microg of protein, p < 0.05) and Western blot analysis (1.29 +/- 0.26 fold, p < 0.05), when compared with the control group. Addition of carvedilol (a non-selective beta-blocker with alpha-blockage activity) inhibited the effect of NE on procollagen I (0.64 +/- 0.17 vs 1.28 +/- 0.08 fold, p < 0.01), procollagen III gene (0.47 +/- 0.16 vs 1.45 +/- 0.29 fold, p < 0.01) and collagen protein expressions (0.99 +/- 0.12 vs 1.26 +/- 0.31 fold, p < 0.05, respectively). Doxazosin (an alpha-blocker) also inhibited the effect of NE on procollagen I (0.88 +/- 0.30 vs 1.28 +/- 0.08 fold, p < 0.01), procollagen III gene (0.64 +/- 0.13 vs 1.45 +/- 0.29 fold, p < 0.01) and collagen protein expression (0.90 +/- 0.11 vs 1.26 +/- 0.31 fold, p < 0.01 respectively). Such inhibitory effects were not seen in metoprolol (a beta1-selective blocker) and propranolol (a non-selective beta blocker). Furthermore, all the 4 drugs were unable to inhibit the NE induced TGF-beta1 gene over-expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, NE increased collagen gene and protein expressions in CF culture. This effect is likely mediated through alpha-receptor as they were normalized by pretreatment with carvedilol and doxazosin, but not beta-blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol. Also, TGF-beta1 doesn't seem to play a role in carvedilol inhibition of NE induced fibrogenesis.
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Xiao H, Song Y, Li Y, Liao YH, Chen J. Qiliqiangxin regulates the balance between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and improves cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction. Cell Immunol 2009; 260:51-5. [PMID: 19833326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of traditional Chinese drug Qiliqiangxin on cardiac function and the expression of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha/IL-10 in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Rats with MI were randomly divided into drug-treated group (MI-Q) and control group (MI-C) compared with sham-operated group (S). Rats in the MI-Q group were treated with crude drug of oral Qiliqiangxin 24h after operation at the dosage of 4g/kg/day for 4weeks, while in MI-C group and S group were treated with normal saline at the same time. Echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters, histopathologic changes and the expression of myocardial cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-10 were assessed 4weeks after the drug therapy. The results indicated that rats of the MI-C group exhibited decreased cardiac function and increased ratio of TNF-alpha/IL-10 which principally secreted by myocardium compared with those of the S group and Qiliqiangxin treatment significantly improved cardiac function and histopathologic changes with down-regulated ratio of TNF-alpha/IL-10. These data suggests that Qiliqiangxin may improve cardiac function of rats with MI through regulation the balance between TNF-alpha and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Inoue S, Hirai K, Furuya H. The Effects of β-Adrenoceptor Antagonists on Proinflammatory Cytokine Concentrations After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:288-95. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318187bb93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xiao H, Chen Z, Liao Y, Cheng X, Liu K, Wang Y, Wang M, Guo H. Positive correlation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha early expression in myocardium and ventricular arrhythmias in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:285-91. [PMID: 18279700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is found to play important roles in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Ventricular arrhythmias arising from AMI are leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We sought to clarify the effect of TNF-alpha early expression on ventricular arrhythmias in rats with AMI and its mechanism. METHODS Rats with AMI were induced by left anterior descending coronary branch ligation. The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-alpha in myocardium were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blotting and histochemistry. Meanwhile, electrocardiogram was recorded. Different concentrations of TNF-alpha were added to isolated rat hearts in isolated heart perfusions. Effect of TNF-alpha on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was detected by laser confocal technique. RESULTS In AMI rats, mRNA and protein levels of TNF-alpha were higher than control (p <0.05), and the occurrence time of ventricular arrhythmias coincided with the secretion of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha may cause ventricular arrhythmias in isolated rat heart perfusion models. Intracellular Ca(2+) intensity may quickly be increased by TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the positive correlation between TNF-alpha early expression and ventricular arrhythmias in rats with AMI. This effect may be associated with the increased intracellular Ca(2+) intensity caused by TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
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Du YY, Zhou SH, Zhou T, Su H, Pan HW, Du WH, Liu B, Liu QM. Immuno-inflammatory regulation effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:469-78. [PMID: 18608353 DOI: 10.1080/14653240802129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have recently been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of MSC transplantation on the immuno-inflammatory response in myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS MI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, and the animals were randomly assigned into the following three groups: sham ( n=8); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injected (MI+PBS, n=8); and MSC transplantation (MI+MSC, n=8). BrdU-labeled MSC or PBS was transplanted into peri-infarct myocardium by direct myocardial injection. At 1 and 28 days post-transplantation, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Transplanted cells were investigated through immunohistochemistry. Lymphocyte cytotoxic activity was evaluated with the crystal violet method. The activity of NF-kappaB and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in myocardium were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Echocardiographic examination revealed that the MSC transplantation prevented left ventricular dilation and dysfunction at 28 days after the operation. BrdU-stained cells were found living in host heart 4 weeks after transplantation. MSC transplantation attenuated the cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes. Transplantation of MSC inhibited the activity of NF-kappaB, attenuated the protein production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and increased the expression of IL-10 in peri-infarct myocardium. DISCUSSION MSC transplantation modulated the immuno-inflammatory response in MI. The immuno-inflammatory regulatory effect of MSC transplantation might partly account for the cardiac protection in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Du
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Mizuochi Y, Okajima K, Harada N, Molor-Erdene P, Uchiba M, Komura H, Tsuda T, Katsuya H. Carvedilol, a nonselective beta-blocker, suppresses the production of tumor necrosis factor and tissue factor by inhibiting early growth response factor-1 expression in human monocytes in vitro. Transl Res 2007; 149:223-30. [PMID: 17383596 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and tissue factor (TF) produced by monocytes and macrophages have been shown to be among the aggravating factors for chronic heart failure (CHF), because they induce cardiac dysfunction and thrombotic complications, respectively. Carvedilol, a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with alpha(1)- adrenoceptor blockade action, has been demonstrated to improve the outcome of patients with severe CHF, suggesting that carvedilol might inhibit the production of TNF and TF. In this study, this possibility is examined using isolated human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Carvedilol (10 muM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF and TF by monocytes, whereas prazosin (a selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), bisoprolol (a selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), ICI-118,551 (a selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist), and arotinolol (a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blockade action) did not. Carvedilol inhibited both expression of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, but it did not inhibit activation of either nuclear factor-kappaB or activator protein-1 in monocytes stimulated with LPS. These results suggest that carvedilol inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF and TF by inhibiting activation of the ERK1/2-Egr-1 pathway independent of its adrenoceptor inhibitory activities in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Mizuochi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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