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Valadkhani A, Henningsson R, Nordström JL, Granström A, Hallqvist L, Wahlgren CM, Peterzén B, Eriksson J, Bell M, Gupta A. Postoperative complications and myocardial injury in patients receiving air or oxygen. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:1185-1192. [DOI: 10.1111/aas.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Valadkhani
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ragnar Henningsson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Central Hospital Karlstad Karlstad Sweden
| | - Johan L. Nordström
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Granström
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linn Hallqvist
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Carl Magnus Wahlgren
- Department of Vascular Surgery Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bengt Peterzén
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Julia Eriksson
- Division of Biostatistics Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anil Gupta
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI) Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen and Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations after Major Abdominal Surgery-Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071767. [PMID: 35407374 PMCID: PMC9000182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative stress is associated with increased sympathetic activity that leads to increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which are associated with the development of perioperative myocardial ischemia. In healthy volunteers, it was shown that the administration of supplemental oxygen attenuated sympathetic nerve activity and subsequently led to lower plasma catecholamine concentrations. We therefore tested the hypothesis that perioperative supplemental oxygen attenuates sympathetic nerve in patients at risk for cardiovascular complications undergoing major abdominal surgery. We randomly assigned 81 patients to receive either 80% or 30% inspired oxygen concentration throughout surgery and the first two postoperative hours. We assessed noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine plasma concentrations before the induction of anesthesia, two hours after surgery and on the third postoperative day. There was no significant difference in postoperative noradrenaline (effect estimated: −41.5 ng·L−1, 95%CI −134.3, 51.2; p = 0.38), adrenaline (effect estimated: 11.2 ng·L−1, 95%CI −7.6, 30.1; p = 0.24), and dopamine (effect estimated: −1.61 ng·L−1, 95%CI −7.2, 3.9; p = 0.57) concentrations between both groups. Based on our results, it seems unlikely that supplemental oxygen influences endogenous catecholamine release in the perioperative setting.
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Abstract
Es hat sich viel getan in der Welt der Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie, weshalb eine vollwertige Überarbeitung des Positionspapiers „Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie“ erforderlich wurde. In der aktuellen neuartigen Version finden sich nicht nur alle verfügbaren Studien, Literaturstellen und Updates zu Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik- und Therapieempfehlungen, sondern auch Ausblicke auf neue Entwicklungen und zukünftige Forschungserkenntnisse. Dieses überarbeitete Positionspapier gibt Empfehlungen für Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen mit schlafassoziierten Atmungsstörungen und erteilt darüber hinaus einen fundierten Überblick über verfügbare Therapien und Evidenzen, gibt aber ebenso Ratschläge wie mit Komorbiditäten umzugehen ist. Insbesondere enthält dieses überarbeitete Positionspapier aktualisierte Stellungnahmen zu schlafassoziierten Atmungsstörungen bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung, Herzinsuffizienz, arterieller Hypertonie, aber auch für Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern. Darüber hinaus finden sich erstmals Empfehlungen zur Telemedizin als eigenes, neues Kapitel. Dieses Positionspapier bietet Kardiologen sowie Ärzten in der Behandlung von kardiovaskulären Patienten die Möglichkeit einer evidenzbasierten Behandlung der wachsend bedeutsamen und mit zunehmender Aufmerksamkeit behafteten Komorbidität schlafassoziierter Atmungsstörungen. Und nicht zuletzt besteht mit diesem neuen Positionspapier eine enge Verknüpfung mit dem neuen Curriculum Schlafmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, weshalb dieses Positionspapier eine Orientierung für die erworbenen Fähigkeiten des Curriculums im Umgang von kardiovaskulären Patienten mit schlafassoziierten Atmungsstörungen darstellt.
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Reiterer C, Kabon B, Taschner A, Falkner von Sonnenburg M, Graf A, Adamowitsch N, Starlinger P, Goshin J, Fraunschiel M, Fleischmann E. Perioperative supplemental oxygen and NT-proBNP concentrations after major abdominal surgery - A prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth 2021; 73:110379. [PMID: 34087659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Supplemental oxygen is a simple method to improve arterial oxygen saturation and might therefore improve myocardial oxygenation. Thus, we tested whether intraoperative supplemental oxygen reduces the risk of impaired cardiac function diagnosed with NT-proBNP and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) diagnosed with high-sensitivity Troponin T. DESIGN Parallel-arm double-blinded single-centre superiority randomized trial. SETTING Operating room and postoperative recovery area. PATIENTS 260 patients over the age of 45 years at-risk for cardiovascular complications undergoing major abdominal surgery. INTERVENTION Administration of 80% versus 30% oxygen throughout surgery and for the first two postoperative hours. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the postoperative maximum NT-proBNP concentration in both groups, which was assessed within 2 h after surgery, and on the first and third postoperative day. The secondary outcome was the incidence of MINS in both groups. MAIN RESULTS 128 patients received 80% oxygen and 130 received 30% oxygen throughout surgery and for the first two postoperative hours. There was no significant difference in the median postoperative maximum NT-proBNP concentration between the 80% and the 30% oxygen group (989 pg.mL-1 [IQR 499; 2005] and 810 pg.mL-1 [IQR 409; 2386], effect estimate: 159 pg.mL-1, 95%CI -123, 431, p = 0.704). There was no difference in the incidence of MINS between both groups. (p = 0.703). CONCLUSIONS There was no beneficial effect of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on postoperative NT-proBNP concentration and MINS. It seems likely that supplemental oxygen has no effect on the release of NT-proBNP in patients at-risk for cardiovascular complications undergoing major abdominal surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03366857. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=NCT+03366857&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reiterer
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kabon
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Taschner
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Falkner von Sonnenburg
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Graf
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolas Adamowitsch
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julius Goshin
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Fraunschiel
- IT Systems and Communications, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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All You Need Is Sleep: the Effects of Sleep Apnea and Treatment Benefits in the Heart Failure Patient. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:144-152. [PMID: 33772415 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recognition and treatment of sleep apnea is an important but easily overlooked aspect of care in the heart failure patient. This review summarizes the data behind the recommendations in current practice guidelines and highlights recent developments in treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS Neuromodulation using hypoglossal nerve stimulation has been increasingly used for treatment of OSA; however, it has not been studied in the heart failure population. Alternatively, phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of CSA is effective for heart failure patients, and cardiac resynchronization therapy can be effective in improving CSA in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. In patients suspected to have sleep apnea, polysomnography is recommended to better understand the prognosis and treatment options. Positive airway pressure is the standard treatment for sleep apnea; however, neurostimulation can be especially effective in those with predominantly central events. Understanding the pathophysiology of sleep apnea can guide further management decisions.
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Reiterer C, Kabon B, von Sonnenburg MF, Starlinger P, Taschner A, Zotti O, Goshin J, Drlicek G, Fleischmann E. The effect of supplemental oxygen on perioperative brain natriuretic peptide concentration in cardiac risk patients - a protocol for a prosprective randomized clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:400. [PMID: 32398119 PMCID: PMC7218565 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated postoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations are predictive for cardiac adverse events in noncardiac surgery. Studies indicate that supplemental oxygen decreases sympathetic nerve activity and might, therefore, improve cardiovascular function. Thus, we will test the effect of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on NT-proBNP release after surgery. METHODS/DESIGN We will conduct a single-center, double-blinded, randomized trial at the Medical University of Vienna, including 260 patients with increased cardiac risk factors undergoing moderate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive 80% versus 30% oxygen during surgery and for 2 h postoperatively. The primary outcome will be the difference in maximum NT-proBNP release after surgery. As secondary outcomes we will assess the effect of supplemental oxygen on postoperative maximum troponin T concentration, oxidation-reduction potential, von Willebrand factor concentration and perioperative fluid requirements. We will perform outcome measurements 2 h after surgery, on postoperative day 1 and on postoperative day 3. The NT-proBNP concentration and the oxidation-reduction potential will also be measured within 72 h before discharge. DISCUSSION Our trial should determine whether perioperative supplemental oxygen administration will reduce the postoperative release of NT-proBNP in patients with preoperative increased cardiovascular risk factors undergoing noncardiac surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03366857. Registered on 8th December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reiterer
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kabon
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Falkner von Sonnenburg
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Taschner
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Zotti
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julius Goshin
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Drlicek
- Franziskus Spital, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 1050, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Fleischmann
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Kwon Y, Logan J, Pusalavidyasagar S, Kasai T, Cheong CS, Lee CH. Sleep Apnea and Heart. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2019; 10:67-74. [PMID: 32699652 DOI: 10.17241/smr.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific investigations in the past few decades have supported the important role of sleep in various domains of health. Sleep apnea is a highly prevalent yet underdiagnosed sleep disorder representing a valid cardiovascular risk factor, particularly for hypertension. While several studies have demonstrated the benefits of sleep apnea treatment on subclinical cardiovascular measures, there is a paucity of studies proving reduction of cardiovascular events and mortality. Sufficient and high-quality sleep is also important in the maintenance of cardiovascular health. Future investigations should focus on improving identification of patients at greatest risk of adverse cardiovascular s sequalae of sleep apnea and testing the therapeutic benefit of sleep apnea treatment in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Jeongok Logan
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | | | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Crystal Sj Cheong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
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Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Ito H, Okumura K, Ono M, Kitakaze M, Kinugawa K, Kihara Y, Goto Y, Komuro I, Saiki Y, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Sato N, Sawa Y, Shiose A, Shimizu W, Shimokawa H, Seino Y, Node K, Higo T, Hirayama A, Makaya M, Masuyama T, Murohara T, Momomura SI, Yano M, Yamazaki K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa T, Yoshimura M, Akiyama M, Anzai T, Ishihara S, Inomata T, Imamura T, Iwasaki YK, Ohtani T, Onishi K, Kasai T, Kato M, Kawai M, Kinugasa Y, Kinugawa S, Kuratani T, Kobayashi S, Sakata Y, Tanaka A, Toda K, Noda T, Nochioka K, Hatano M, Hidaka T, Fujino T, Makita S, Yamaguchi O, Ikeda U, Kimura T, Kohsaka S, Kosuge M, Yamagishi M, Yamashina A. JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure ― Digest Version ―. Circ J 2019; 83:2084-2184. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Taiki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | | | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital
| | - Takayuki Inomata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
| | | | - Yu-ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mahoto Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | | | - Takeo Fujino
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Failure, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University
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Matsumoto H, Kasai T. Central Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Pathogenesis and Management. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Central Sleep Apnea with Cheyne-Stokes Breathing in Heart Failure – From Research to Clinical Practice and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1067:327-351. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are prevalent in heart failure (HF) and associated with a worse prognosis. Nocturnal oxygen therapy may decrease CSA events, sympathetic tone, and improve left ventricular ejection fraction, although mortality benefit is unknown. Although treatment of OSA in patients with HF is recommended, therapy for CSA remains controversial. Continuous positive airway pressure use in HF-CSA may improve respiratory events, hemodynamics, and exercise capacity, but not mortality. Adaptive servo ventilation is contraindicated in patients with symptomatic HF with predominant central sleep-disordered events. The role of phrenic nerve stimulation in CSA therapy is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Selim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kannan Ramar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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S3-Leitlinie Nicht erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörungen – Kapitel „Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen“. SOMNOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-016-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bekfani T, Abraham WT. Current and future developments in the field of central sleep apnoea. Europace 2016; 18:1123-34. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Khayat RN, Abraham WT. Current treatment approaches and trials in central sleep apnea. Int J Cardiol 2016; 206 Suppl:S22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Acute improvement of pulmonary hemodynamics does not alleviate Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure-a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. Sleep Breath 2016; 20:795-804. [PMID: 26782102 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-015-1300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomized, controlled trial aimed to investigate whether acute improvement of pulmonary congestion would reduce the severity of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients with CHF and CSR (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥15/h) underwent right heart catheterization with titration of intravenous (IV) glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) to a maximum tolerable dosage and inhalation of iloprost 10 μg/mL after a washout phase. Maximum tolerable dosages of GTN and iloprost were randomly applied during full cardiorespiratory polysomnography within two split-night procedures and compared with IV or inhaled sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9 %, respectively. RESULTS GTN (6.2 ± 1.5 mg/h) and iloprost significantly lowered \mean pulmonary artery pressure (20.1 ± 9.0 to 11.6 ± 4.2 mmHg, p < 0.001 and 16.9 ± 7.9 to 14.2 ± 6.4 mmHg, p < 0.01, respectively). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was only reduced by GTN (14.0 ± 5.6 to 7.2 ± 3.9 mmHg, p < 0.001), and there was no significant change in the cardiac index. Sleep studies revealed no significant improvement in markers of CSR severity, including AHI, central apnea index, and CSR cycle length following GTN or iloprost treatment. Significant decreases in blood pressure, mean oxygen saturation, and S3 sleep were documented during GTN infusion. CONCLUSIONS Acute improvement of pulmonary congestion by GTN had no immediate impact on CSR severity. Future investigations must therefore include longer treatment periods and treatment regimens that have positive, rather than negative, additional effects on peripheral and central chemoreceptors and sleep structure. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Registry-ID:DRKS00000467 ( www.germanctr.de ).
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Bordier P, Lataste A, Hofmann P, Robert F, Bourenane G. Nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnea: a systematic review. Sleep Med 2016; 17:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Costanzo MR, Khayat R, Ponikowski P, Augostini R, Stellbrink C, Mianulli M, Abraham WT. Mechanisms and clinical consequences of untreated central sleep apnea in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:72-84. [PMID: 25572513 PMCID: PMC4391015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a highly prevalent, though often unrecognized, comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Data from HF population studies suggest that it may present in 30% to 50% of HF patients. CSA is recognized as an important contributor to the progression of HF and to HF-related morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, an expanding body of research has begun to shed light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CSA. Armed with this growing knowledge base, the sleep, respiratory, and cardiovascular research communities have been working to identify ways to treat CSA in HF with the ultimate goal of improving patient quality of life and clinical outcomes. In this paper, we examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of CSA in HF and review emerging therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Khayat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Cardiac Department, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland; Cardiac Department, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ralph Augostini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bielefeld Medical Center, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - William T Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Grimm W, Koehler U. Cardiac arrhythmias and sleep-disordered breathing in patients with heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18693-705. [PMID: 25325536 PMCID: PMC4227240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between heart failure (HF), sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac arrhythmias is complex and poorly understood. Whereas the frequency of predominantly obstructive sleep apnea in HF patients is low and similar or moderately higher to that observed in the general population, central sleep apnea (CSA) has been observed in approximately 50% of HF patients, depending on the methods used to detect CSA and patient selection. Despite this high prevalence, it is still unclear whether CSA is merely a marker or an independent risk factor for an adverse prognosis in HF patients and whether CSA is associated with an increased risk for supraventricular as well as ventricular arrhythmias in HF patients. The current review focuses on the relationship between CSA and atrial fibrillation as the most common atrial arrhythmia in HF patients, and on the relationship between CSA and ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation as the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Grimm
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Koehler
- Sleep Disorder Unit of the Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.
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Targeting Sleep Disordered Breathing to Prevent Heart Failure: What is the Evidence? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014; 8:403. [PMID: 25215169 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The inter-relationships of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and heart failure (HF) are becoming increasingly well-characterized. The pathways linking the two entities are likely bi-directional and key underlying pathophysiological mechanisms at play include autonomic nervous system fluctuations, intermittent hypoxia, intrathoracic cardiac mechanical influences, rostral fluid shifts and up-regulation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Given the increased morbidity and mortality which accompanies heart failure, the recognition and treatment of factors such as sleep disordered breathing is paramount in order to mitigate these untoward downstream health consequences. Recently, the management of HF requires combining several treatments including pharmacotherapy, electrophysiologic therapy, and cardiac surgery to target the various complex facets of HF. Despite the development of HF treatments, HF remains to pose a great challenge to the general cardiologist. Herein we review several interventional studies highlighting the effects of treating SDB on HF morbidity and mortality with a notable predominance of literature focusing on HF reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) as well as emerging data describing SDB treatment effects in HF preserved EF (HF-PEF). These data are compelling yet with intrinsic limitations which underscore the need for appropriately powered clinical trials employing rigorous clinical trials methodology to examine the effect of SDB treatment on HF progression and associated adverse outcomes.
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Grimm W, Sass J, Sibai E, Cassel W, Hildebrandt O, Apelt S, Nell C, Koehler U. Severe central sleep apnea is associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 38:706-12. [PMID: 25196395 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of previous studies investigating the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction are contradictory. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 267 patients in this cross-sectional study with LV ejection fractions ≤50%, who were screened for sleep disordered breathing using cardiorespiratory polysomnography after patients with predominantly obstructive sleep apnea or insufficient sleep studies had been excluded. RESULTS AF at study entry was found in 70 of 267 patients (26%). CSA with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/hour was present in 116 patients (43%) and 67 patients (25%) had severe CSA with an AHI > 30/hour. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between AF and severe CSA, age, male gender, arterial hypertension, left atrial diameter, brain natriuretic peptide, chronic kidney disease, New York Heart Association class, digitalis, and the lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between AF and severe CSA (odds ratio [OR]: 5.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-16.27, P = 0.01), age (OR: 1.22 per 5-year increase; 95% CI: 1.05-1.40, P = 0.01), left atrial diameter (OR 1.61 per 5-mm increase; 95% CI: 1.22-2.01, P < 0.01), and digitalis (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.26-5.79, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AF is associated with severe CSA but not with moderate CSA in addition to age, use of digitalis, and left atrial size in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Future studies evaluating the potential benefit of adaptive servo-ventilation therapy to prevent AF or to decrease the AF burden in heart failure patients should therefore focus on patients with severe central sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Grimm
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Sass
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emad Sibai
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Cassel
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Hildebrandt
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Apelt
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nell
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koehler
- Sleep Disorder Center, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Mansukhani MP, Kolla BP, Ramar K. International Classification of Sleep Disorders 2 and American Academy of Sleep Medicine Practice Parameters for Central Sleep Apnea. Sleep Med Clin 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Use of an evidence-based protocol to screen for sleep-disordered breathing in a heart failure disease management clinic. J Nurs Care Qual 2013; 29:230-6. [PMID: 24368737 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Undiagnosed and untreated sleep-disordered breathing can lead to negative health outcomes and increased utilization of health resources among patients with heart failure. The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to implement and evaluate a new multifaceted sleep-disordered breathing screening protocol in a heart failure disease management clinic. The combined use of a symptoms questionnaire, the Epworth sleepiness scale, and overnight pulse oximetry was significantly more effective in identifying patients with a positive diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing than using the Epworth sleepiness scale alone (P < .05).
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Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with heart failure: new trends in therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:459613. [PMID: 23984365 PMCID: PMC3745910 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem which paradoxically results from the advances in the treatment of etiologically related diseases (especially coronary artery disease). HF is commonly accompanied by sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which may directly exacerbate the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease and confers a poorer prognosis. Obstructive sleep apnoea predominates in mild forms while central sleep apnoea in more severe forms of heart failure. Identification of SDB in patients with HF is important, as its effective treatment may result in notable clinical benefits to the patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard in the management of SDB. The treatments for central breathing disorders include CPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), and adaptive servoventilation (ASV), with the latter being the most modern method of treatment for the Cheyne-Stokes respiration and involving ventilation support with a variable synchronisation dependent on changes in airflow through the respiratory tract and on the patient's respiratory rate. ASV exerts the most favourable effect on long-term prognosis. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of SDB with a particular emphasis on the latest methods of treatment.
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Aurora RN, Chowdhuri S, Ramar K, Bista SR, Casey KR, Lamm CI, Kristo DA, Mallea JM, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Tracy SL. The treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses. Sleep 2012; 35:17-40. [PMID: 22215916 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (ICSD-2) distinguishes 5 subtypes of central sleep apnea syndromes (CSAS) in adults. Review of the literature suggests that there are two basic mechanisms that trigger central respiratory events: (1) post-hyperventilation central apnea, which may be triggered by a variety of clinical conditions, and (2) central apnea secondary to hypoventilation, which has been described with opioid use. The preponderance of evidence on the treatment of CSAS supports the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Much of the evidence comes from investigations on CSAS related to congestive heart failure (CHF), but other subtypes of CSAS appear to respond to CPAP as well. Limited evidence is available to support alternative therapies in CSAS subtypes. The recommendations for treatment of CSAS are summarized as follows: CPAP therapy targeted to normalize the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is indicated for the initial treatment of CSAS related to CHF. (STANDARD)Nocturnal oxygen therapy is indicated for the treatment of CSAS related to CHF. (STANDARD)Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV) targeted to normalize the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is indicated for the treatment of CSAS related to CHF. (STANDARD)BPAP therapy in a spontaneous timed (ST) mode targeted to normalize the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may be considered for the treatment of CSAS related to CHF only if there is no response to adequate trials of CPAP, ASV, and oxygen therapies. (OPTION)The following therapies have limited supporting evidence but may be considered for the treatment of CSAS related to CHF after optimization of standard medical therapy, if PAP therapy is not tolerated, and if accompanied by close clinical follow-up: acetazolamide and theophylline. (OPTION)Positive airway pressure therapy may be considered for the treatment of primary CSAS. (OPTION)Acetazolamide has limited supporting evidence but may be considered for the treatment of primary CSAS. (OPTION)The use of zolpidem and triazolam may be considered for the treatment of primary CSAS only if the patient does not have underlying risk factors for respiratory depression. (OPTION)The following possible treatment options for CSAS related to end-stage renal disease may be considered: CPAP, supplemental oxygen, bicarbonate buffer use during dialysis, and nocturnal dialysis. (OPTION) .
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nisha Aurora
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Javaheri S, Caref EB, Chen E, Tong KB, Abraham WT. Sleep apnea testing and outcomes in a large cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:539-46. [PMID: 20656940 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201003-0406oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of sleep apnea (SA) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), which is associated with higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and health care use. OBJECTIVES To investigate the reported incidence, treatment, outcomes, and economic cost of SA in new-onset HF in a large U.S. database. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the 2003 to 2005 Medicare Standard Analytical Files and included subjects with newly diagnosed HF from the first quarter of 2004, without prior diagnosis of SA, stratified by testing, diagnosis, and treatment status. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among a study population of 30,719 incident subjects with HF, only 1,263 (4%) were clinically suspected to have SA. Of these, 553 (2% of the total cohort) received SA testing, and 545 received treatment. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities, subjects with HF who were tested, diagnosed, and treated for SA had a better 2-year survival rate compared with subjects with HF who were not tested (hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.51], P < 0.0001). Similarly, among subjects who were tested and diagnosed, those who were treated had a better 2-year survival rate than those who were not treated (hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.84], P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS In Medicare beneficiaries with HF, comorbid SA is most often not tested and consequently subjects are underdiagnosed and not treated. Meanwhile, in the few subjects in whom a diagnosis of SA is established and treatment is executed, survival improves significantly. These results support the importance of SA testing and treatment for patients newly diagnosed with HF.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of both morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. The frequency of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) is significantly increased in individuals with cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. Given the co-morbidities associated with SRBD coexisting with HF, prompt recognition and early management of SRBD is critical to improving the overall prognosis and quality of life in heart failure patients with concomitant SRBD.
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Gottlieb JD, Schwartz AR, Marshall J, Ouyang P, Kern L, Shetty V, Trois M, Punjabi NM, Brown C, Najjar SS, Gottlieb SS. Hypoxia, not the frequency of sleep apnea, induces acute hemodynamic stress in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:1706-12. [PMID: 19850211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate whether brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) changes during sleep are associated with the frequency and severity of apneic/hypopneic episodes, intermittent arousals, and hypoxia. BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is strongly associated with heart failure (HF) and could conceivably worsen HF through increased sympathetic activity, hemodynamic stress, hypoxemia, and oxidative stress. If apneic activity does cause acute stress in HF, it should increase BNP. METHODS Sixty-four HF patients with New York Heart Association functional class II and III HF and ejection fraction <40% underwent a baseline sleep study. Five patients with no sleep apnea and 12 with severe sleep apnea underwent repeat sleep studies, during which blood was collected every 20 min for the measurement of BNP. Patients with severe sleep apnea also underwent a third sleep study with frequent BNP measurements while they were administered oxygen. This provided 643 observations with which to relate apnea to BNP. The association of log BNP with each of 6 markers of apnea severity was evaluated with repeated measures regression models. RESULTS There was no relationship between BNP and the number of apneic/hypopneic episodes or the number of arousals. However, the burden of hypoxemia (the time spent with oxygen saturation <90%) significantly predicted BNP concentrations; each 10% increase in duration of hypoxemia increased BNP by 9.6% (95% confidence interval: 1.5% to 17.7%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxemia appears to be an important factor that underlies the impact of sleep abnormalities on hemodynamic stress in patients with HF. Prevention of hypoxia might be especially important for these patients.
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Nanjo S, Yamashiro Y, Fujimoto S, Yamashina S, Nakanishi R, Fukunaga S, Inoue A, Namiki A, Nakano H, Yamazaki J. Evaluation of Sympathetic Activity by 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients With Sleep Breathing Disorder. Circ J 2009; 73:686-90. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nanjo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shinichiro Fujimoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Shohei Yamashina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Rine Nakanishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Shunji Fukunaga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Aritomo Inoue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Namiki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
| | - Junichi Yamazaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohmori Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine
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Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with decompensated heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 14:183-93. [PMID: 18758944 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has a higher prevalence in patients with heart failure than in the general middle-aged population. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), one of the forms of SBD, promotes poorly controlled hypertension, coronary events, and atrial fibrillation events that can lead to acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and evidence suggests that untreated OSA increases mortality in patients with heart failure. Cheyne-Stokes respiration and central sleep apnea (CSA) have long been associated with heart failure and, in many patients, can coexist with OSA. In this article, we propose a systematic approach to diagnose and treat OSA in patients with ADHF based on current evidence.
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31
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Role of nitric oxide synthase gene intron 4 and exon 7 polymorphisms in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:449-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hedner J, Grote L, Zou D. Pharmacological treatment of sleep apnea: Current situation and future strategies. Sleep Med Rev 2008; 12:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eckert DJ, Jordan AS, Merchia P, Malhotra A. Central sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and treatment. Chest 2007; 131:595-607. [PMID: 17296668 PMCID: PMC2287191 DOI: 10.1378/chest.06.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by a lack of drive to breathe during sleep, resulting in repetitive periods of insufficient ventilation and compromised gas exchange. These nighttime breathing disturbances can lead to important comorbidity and increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. There are several manifestations of CSA, including high altitude-induced periodic breathing, idiopathic CSA, narcotic-induced central apnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and Cheyne-Stokes breathing. While unstable ventilatory control during sleep is the hallmark of CSA, the pathophysiology and the prevalence of the various forms of CSA vary greatly. This brief review summarizes the underlying physiology and modulating components influencing ventilatory control in CSA, describes the etiology of each of the various forms of CSA, and examines the key factors that may exacerbate apnea severity. The clinical implications of improved CSA pathophysiology knowledge and the potential for novel therapeutic treatment approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J Eckert
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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