1
|
Brede S, Serfling G, Klement J, Schmid SM, Lehnert H. Clinical Scenario of the Metabolic Syndrome. Visc Med 2016; 32:336-341. [PMID: 27921045 DOI: 10.1159/000449028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term metabolic syndrome (MeS) refers to a cluster of associated symptoms composed of impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MeS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. The increased amount of visceral fat together with a chronic inflammatory state predisposes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia are associated with fatty liver disease. In addition, MeS is linked to non-cardiovascular diseases such as cancer as well as psychiatric or endocrine disorders. Here, we discuss the clinical impact of MeS in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases to highlight the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and multifactorial treatment of high-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Brede
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Serfling
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Klement
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
AIMS There are three definitions belong to metabolic syndrome (MetS). These definitions have some differences that make some problem for MetS diagnosis criteria. So a new diagnosis marker can help to MetS diagnosis. The aim of this study was the assess of serum levels of leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and their ratio with MetS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Science direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar for related articles in English. Review studies excluded. RESULTS Of 1827 articles found, 16 articles met our inclusion criteria. leptin is higher in MetS group but adiponectin is lower (<4 μg/ml) and it shows the paradoxical effect of them in MetS. Higher L/A ratio is a better biomarker for MetS diagnosis criteria than leptin and adiponectin separately. HMW adiponectin (<2.5 μg/ml) can be the most reliable biomarker for MetS diagnosis criteria. CONCLUSION Our systematic review showed that HMW adiponectin and Leptin to adiponectin ratio should be the best biomarkers for MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Falahi
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Khalkhali Rad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Roosta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Association of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin, and low-grade inflammation with the course of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:503-7. [PMID: 25700597 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Koh SB, Yoon J, Kim JY, Yoo BS, Lee SH, Park JK, Choe KH. Relationships between serum adiponectin with metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Koreans: ARIRANG study. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:234-41. [PMID: 21319340 PMCID: PMC3051212 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence suggests that hypoadiponectinemia may play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the relationships between serum adiponectin with MetS and components of MetS were investigated in non-diabetic samples of drawn from the Koreans general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in samples of older Koreans (age > 40 years) including 2,471 men and 3,463 women. MetS was defined according to the Asian modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The median adiponectin level in MetS was significantly lower than that in non-MetS subjects in men (6.00 vs. 8.00 μg/mL, p < 0.001) and women (10.12 vs. 11.74 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with waist circumference and levels of triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, and insulin, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and age in both genders (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, CRP, and lipid profiles, the odds ratio of MetS comparing extreme quartiles of adiponectin distribution was 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20 to 0.50] in men and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76) in women. CONCLUSION Adiponectin levels are independently associated with the phenotype of MetS, as well as components of MetS in the non-diabetic Korean general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Junghan Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Choe
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur S, Zilmer K, Leping V, Zilmer M. The levels of adiponectin and leptin and their relation to other markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1328-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.03982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Basu A, Du M, Leyva MJ, Sanchez K, Betts NM, Wu M, Aston CE, Lyons TJ. Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2010; 140:1582-7. [PMID: 20660279 PMCID: PMC2924596 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all fruits, berries have shown substantial cardio-protective benefits due to their high polyphenol content. However, investigation of their efficacy in improving features of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular risk factors in obesity is limited. We examined the effects of blueberry supplementation on features of metabolic syndrome, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation in obese men and women. Forty-eight participants with metabolic syndrome [4 males and 44 females; BMI: 37.8 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2); age: 50.0 +/- 3.0 y (mean +/- SE)] consumed freeze-dried blueberry beverage (50 g freeze-dried blueberries, approximately 350 g fresh blueberries) or equivalent amounts of fluids (controls, 960 mL water) daily for 8 wk in a randomized controlled trial. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, assessment of dietary intakes, and fasting blood draws were conducted at screening and at wk 4 and 8 of the study. The decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were greater in the blueberry-supplemented group (- 6 and - 4%, respectively) than in controls (- 1.5 and - 1.2%) (P lt 0.05), whereas the serum glucose concentration and lipid profiles were not affected. The decreases in plasma oxidized LDL and serum malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal concentrations were greater in the blueberry group (- 28 and - 17%, respectively) than in the control group (- 9 and - 9%) (P lt 0.01). Our study shows blueberries may improve selected features of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular risk factors at dietary achievable doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Mei Du
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Misti J. Leyva
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117
| | - Karah Sanchez
- Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Nancy M. Betts
- Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Christopher E. Aston
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117
| | - Timothy J. Lyons
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117,Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahonen T, Saltevo J, Laakso M, Kautiainen H, Kumpusalo E, Vanhala M. Gender differences relating to metabolic syndrome and proinflammation in Finnish subjects with elevated blood pressure. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:959281. [PMID: 19707530 PMCID: PMC2730476 DOI: 10.1155/2009/959281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure > or = 130 and/or > or = 85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria was observed in 35% of men and 34% of women. Men with MetS had lower hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than women. The absolute gender difference in adiponectin was smaller and those in IL-1Ra and hs-CRP were greater in subjects with MetS compared to those without. After adjustment with body mass index the association between insulin and the odd's ratio (OR) for MetS remained significant in both genders, in females also the association between the OR for MetS and adiponectin. There are gender differences in subjects with elevated blood pressure and MetS with respect to inflammatory markers and the relationship between adiponectin levels and MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Ahonen
- Palokka Health Center, 40270 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Onat A, Hergenç G, Dursunoğlu D, Küçükdurmaz Z, Bulur S, Can G. Relatively high levels of serum adiponectin in obese women, a potential indicator of anti-inflammatory dysfunction: relation to sex hormone-binding globulin. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:208-14. [PMID: 18695734 PMCID: PMC2491727 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether serum adiponectin concentrations diminish linearly with increasing
adiposity and, if not, which factors codetermine this association. These issues were
investigated cross-sectionally in 1188 men and women, representative of middle-aged and elderly
Turkish adults. Serum total adiponectin was assayed by ELISA. Serum adiponectin values in men,
though declining significantly in transition from the bottom to the mid tertile of body mass
index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were similar in the two respective upper tertiles. In
women, serum adiponectin concentrations were not significantly different in any tertile of
these indices, were significantly correlated with BMI or WC within the low tertiles and not
within the two higher tertiles. In a linear regression analysis for WC (or BMI) in a subset of
the sample in which serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was available and which
additionally comprised adiponectin, fasting insulin and other confounders, only insulin and, in
women SHBG, were significantly associated, but not adiponectin. In linear regression analyses
for covariates of adiponectin in two models comprising 12 variables, insulin and SHBG
concentrations were significantly associated in both genders though not BMI. Whereas in men
HDL-cholesterol and CRP were covariates of adiponectin (both p<0.01), SHBG and
apolipoprotein B positively associated in women (p<0.001), independent of BMI and
fasting insulin levels. Conclusions: Relationship between excess adiposity and adiponectin levels is
inconsistent in Turkish adults. Independently from obesity and hyperinsulinemia, serum
adiponectin discloses significant relationship with inflammatory markers and HDL only in men,
not in women in whom it is influenced by SHBG, with consequent attenuation of its
anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Onat
- Turkish Society of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Association of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and adiponectin with the metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:93573. [PMID: 18288276 PMCID: PMC2222666 DOI: 10.1155/2007/93573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Finnish population-based study, mean age 46 years, evaluates the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and
adiponectin with the NCEP and IDF definitions of metabolic
syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin levels were higher, hs-CRP and IL-1Ra
levels lower in subjects without MetS compared to subjects with
MetS. If MetS was present according to both IDF and NCEP criteria,
BMI, waist, triglycerides, hs-CRP, and IL-1Ra were significantly
higher compared to subjects who had MetS according to either only
IDF or only NCEP criteria. The hs-CRP, IL-1Ra, and adiponectin linearly
correlated with the number of the components of MetS according to
both definitions. Decreased levels of adiponectin and increased
levels of hs-CRP and IL-1Ra are tightly associated with the
components of MetS. Individuals who had MetS according to both
criteria had the most adverse changes in cardiovascular risk
factors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of weight loss on coronary circulation and adiponectin levels in obese women. Int J Cardiol 2008; 134:414-6. [PMID: 18378021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Adiponectin, a protein whose circulating levels are decreased in obesity, has direct effects on vascular function. The aim of this study was to investigate in obese women the effect of sustained weight loss on coronary circulation and circulating adiponectin levels. METHODS Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE), blood pressure, lipid, glucose and insulin, HOMA scores, CRP-protein (CRP), and adiponectin parameters were investigated in forty obese pre-menopausal women and 40 healthy matched normal weight women at baseline and after sustained weight loss. RESULTS At baseline, the obese group had significantly higher fasting glucose (P<0.05), insulin concentrations (P<0.01), HOMA scores (P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin levels (P<0.001) than the controls. CFVR was significantly lower in obese group than in the normal weight group (P<0.05). After 12 months of a multidisciplinary program of weight reduction, obese women lost at least 10% of their original weight. Fasting glucose (<0.001) and insulin concentrations (P<0.001), HOMA scores (P<0.001), CRP levels (P<0.01) were significant reduced, whereas adiponectin levels (P<0.001) and HDL cholesterol (P<0.05) showed a significant increment. CFVR value significantly improved in obese subjects (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between changes in CFVR and changes in adiponectin levels (r=0.47, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that adiponectin was the only independent predictor of change in CFVR (r=0.38, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In obese women the weight loss improves coronary circulation and increases adiponectin levels. The improvement in coronary circulation is associated with adiponectin levels.
Collapse
|