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Wu P, Xu L, Wang Q, Ma X, Wang X, Wang H, He S, Ru H, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Wang X, An S, Hacker M, Li X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yang M, Wu Z, Li S. Left Ventricular Remodelling Associated with the Transient Elevated [ 68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor Activity in the Remote Myocardium Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:693-703. [PMID: 38641708 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have initially reported accompanying elevated 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) inflammatory activity in the remote area and its prognostic value after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Non-invasive characterization of the accompanying inflammation in the remote myocardium may be of potency in guiding future targeted theranostics. [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor targeting chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on the surface of inflammatory cells is currently one of the promising inflammatory imaging agents. In this study, we sought to focus on the longitudinal evolution of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor activities in the remote myocardium following AMI and its association with cardiac function. METHODS Twelve AMI rats and six Sham rats serially underwent [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor imaging at pre-operation, and 5, 7, 14 days post-operation. Maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUV) and target-to-background ratio (TBR) were assessed to indicate the uptake intensity. Gated [18F]F-FDG imaging and immunofluorescent staining were performed to obtain cardiac function and responses of pro-inflammatory and reparative macrophages, respectively. RESULTS The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor in the infarcted myocardium peaked at day 5 (all P = 0.003), retained at day 7 (all P = 0.011), and recovered at day 14 after AMI (P > 0.05), paralleling with the rise-fall pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (P < 0.05). Correlated with the peak activity in the infarct territory, [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor uptake in the remote myocardium on day 5 early after AMI significantly increased (AMI vs. Sham: SUVmean, SUVmax, and TBRmean: all P < 0.05), and strongly correlated with contemporaneous EDV and/or ESV (SUVmean and TBRmean: both P < 0.05). The transitory remote activity recovered as of day 7 post-AMI (AMI vs. Sham: P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Corresponding with the peaked [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor activity in the infarcted myocardium, the activity in the remote region elevated accordingly and led to contemporaneous left ventricular remodelling early after AMI. Further studies are warranted to clarify its clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huibin Ru
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaohui An
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuetao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minfu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Maznyczka A, Carrick D, Oldroyd KG, James-Rae G, McCartney P, Greenwood J, Good R, McEntegart MB, Eteiba H, Lindsay M, Cotton J, Petrie M, Berry C. Thermodilution-derived temperature recovery time: a novel predictor of microvascular reperfusion and prognosis after myocardial infarction. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 17:220-228. [PMID: 32122822 PMCID: PMC9724875 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-19-00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel parameters that detect failed microvascular reperfusion might identify better the patients likely to benefit from adjunctive treatments during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). AIMS The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a novel invasive parameter, the thermodilution-derived temperature recovery time (TRT), would be associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO) and prognosis. METHODS TRT was derived and validated in two independent ST-elevation myocardial infarction populations and was measured immediately post PCI. TRT was defined as the duration (seconds) from the nadir of the hyperaemic thermodilution curve to 20% from baseline body temperature. MVO extent (% left ventricular mass) was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2-7 days. RESULTS In the retrospective derivation cohort (n=271, mean age 60±12 years, 72% male), higher TRT was associated with more MVO (coefficient: 4.09 [95% CI: 2.70-5.48], p<0.001), independently of IMR >32, CFR ≤2, hyperaemic Tmn >median, thermodilution waveform, age and ischaemic time. At five years, higher TRT was multivariably associated with all-cause death/heart failure hospitalisation (OR 4.14 [95% CI: 2.08-8.25], p<0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 4.05 [95% CI: 2.00-8.21], p<0.001). In the validation population (n=144, mean age 59±11 years, 80% male), the findings were confirmed prospectively. CONCLUSIONS TRT represents a novel diagnostic advance for predicting MVO and prognosis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02072850 & NCT02257294 Visual summary. Thermodilution-derived temperature recovery time (TRT): a novel predictor of microvascular reperfusion & prognosis after STEMI. CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; MACE: major adverse cardiac events; MVO: microvascular obstruction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Maznyczka
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom,Portsmouth University Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - David Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Keith G. Oldroyd
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Greg James-Rae
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter McCartney
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret B. McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Eteiba
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell Lindsay
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Cotton
- Wolverhampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Berry
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, United Kingdom
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3
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Maznyczka AM, McCartney PJ, Oldroyd KG, Lindsay M, McEntegart M, Eteiba H, Rocchiccioli JP, Good R, Shaukat A, Robertson K, Malkin CJ, Greenwood JP, Cotton JM, Hood S, Watkins S, Collison D, Gillespie L, Ford TJ, Weir RAP, McConnachie A, Berry C. Risk Stratification Guided by the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure in Acute Myocardial Infarction. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS 2021; 14:e009529. [PMID: 33591821 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.120.009529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) of the infarct-related artery and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) are acute, prognostic biomarkers in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The clinical significance of IMR and LVEDP in combination is unknown. METHODS IMR and LVEDP were prospectively measured in a prespecified substudy of the T-TIME clinical trial (Trial of Low Dose Adjunctive Alteplase During Primary PCI). IMR was measured using a pressure- and temperature-sensing guidewire following percutaneous coronary intervention. Prognostically established thresholds for IMR (>32) and LVEDP (>18 mm Hg) were predefined. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 Tesla) was acquired 2 to 7 days and 3 months postmyocardial infarction. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiac death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/heart failure hospitalization at 1 year. RESULTS IMR and LVEDP were both measured in 131 patients (mean age 59±10.7 years, 103 [78.6%] male, 48 [36.6%] with anterior myocardial infarction). The median IMR was 29 (interquartile range, 17-55), the median LVEDP was 17 mm Hg (interquartile range, 12-21), and the correlation between them was not statistically significant (r=0.15; P=0.087). Fifty-three patients (40%) had low IMR (≤32) and low LVEDP (≤18), 18 (14%) had low IMR and high LVEDP, 31 (24%) had high IMR and low LVEDP, while 29 (22%) had high IMR and high LVEDP. Infarct size (% LV mass), LV ejection fraction, final myocardial perfusion grade ≤1, TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade ≤2, and coronary flow reserve were associated with LVEDP/IMR group, as was hospitalization for heart failure (n=18 events; P=0.045) and major adverse cardiac events (n=21 events; P=0.051). LVEDP>18 and IMR>32 combined was associated with major adverse cardiac events, independent of age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and infarct-related artery (odds ratio, 5.80 [95% CI, 1.60-21.22] P=0.008). The net reclassification improvement for detecting major adverse cardiac events was 50.6% (95% CI, 2.7-98.2; P=0.033) when LVEDP>18 was added to IMR>32. CONCLUSIONS IMR and LVEDP in combination have incremental value for risk stratification following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02257294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Maznyczka
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Peter J McCartney
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Keith G Oldroyd
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Mitchell Lindsay
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Margaret McEntegart
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Hany Eteiba
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - J Paul Rocchiccioli
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Richard Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Keith Robertson
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Christopher J Malkin
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (C.J.M., J.P.G.)
| | - John P Greenwood
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (C.J.M., J.P.G.)
| | - James M Cotton
- Wolverhampton University Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom (J.M.C.)
| | - Stuart Hood
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Stuart Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Damien Collison
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Lynsey Gillespie
- Project Management Unit, Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, United Kingdom (L.G.)
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (T.J.F.).,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
| | - Robin A P Weir
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, United Kingdom (R.A.P.W.)
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (A.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.M., H.E., D.C., C.B.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., P.J.M., K.G.O., M.L., M.M., H.E., J.P.R., R.G., A.S., K.R., S.H., S.W., D.C., T.J.F., C.B.)
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Mejía-Rentería H, Lee JM, van der Hoeven NW, Gonzalo N, Jiménez-Quevedo P, Nombela-Franco L, Núñez-Gil IJ, Salinas P, Del Trigo M, Cerrato E, van Royen N, Knaapen P, Koo BK, Macaya C, Fernández-Ortiz A, Escaned J. Coronary Microcirculation Downstream Non-Infarct-Related Arteries in the Subacute Phase of Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Physiology-Guided Revascularization. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011534. [PMID: 31014181 PMCID: PMC6512122 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Concerns exist about reliability of pressure‐wire‐guided coronary revascularization of non‐infarct‐related arteries (non‐IRA). We investigated whether physiological assessment of non‐IRA during the subacute phase of myocardial infarction might be flawed by microcirculatory dysfunction. Methods and Results We analyzed non‐IRA that underwent fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, and the index of microcirculatory resistance assessment. Microcirculation and hyperemic response were evaluated in 49 acute myocardial infarction patients (59 non‐IRA) and compared with a matched control group of 46 stable angina (SA) patients (59 vessels). Time between acute myocardial infarction to physiological interrogation was 5.9±2.4 days. Fractional flow reserve was similar in both groups (0.79±0.11 in non‐IRA versus 0.80±0.13 in SA vessels, P=0.527). Lower coronary flow reserve values were found in non‐IRA compared with SA vessels (1.77 [1.25–2.76] versus 2.44 [1.63–4.00], P=0.018), primarily driven by an increased baseline flow in non‐IRA (rest mean transit time 0.58 [0.32–0.83] versus 0.65 s [0.39–1.20], P=0.045), whereas the hyperemic flow was similar (hyperemic mean transit time 0.26 [0.20–0.42] versus 0.26 s [0.18–0.35], P=0.873). No differences were found regarding index of microcirculatory resistance (15.6 [10.4–21.8] in non‐IRA versus 16.7 [11.6–23.6] U in SA vessels, P=0.559). During adenosine infusion, the hyperemic response was similar in both groups (non‐IRA versus SA vessels) in terms of the resistive reserve ratio (3.1±2.1 versus 3.7±2.2, P=0.118). Conclusions In the subacute phase of myocardial infarction, non‐IRA show an increased baseline flow that may cause abnormal coronary flow reserve despite preserved hyperemic flow. In non‐IRA, microcirculatory resistance and adenosine‐induced hyperemic response are similar to those found in SA patients. From a physiological perspective, these findings support the use of fractional flow reserve to interrogate non‐IRA during the subacute phase of myocardial infarction. See Editorial Koh and Samady
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- 2 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Heart Vascular Stroke Institute Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | | | - Nieves Gonzalo
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez-Quevedo
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Nombela-Franco
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Iván J Núñez-Gil
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Salinas
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - María Del Trigo
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Enrico Cerrato
- 4 Interventional Cardiology San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital Turin Italy
| | - Niels van Royen
- 3 Department of Cardiology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul Knaapen
- 3 Department of Cardiology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea.,6 Institute on Aging Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Carlos Macaya
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Javier Escaned
- 1 Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
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Maznyczka AM, Oldroyd KG, Greenwood JP, McCartney PJ, Cotton J, Lindsay M, McEntegart M, Rocchiccioli JP, Good R, Robertson K, Eteiba H, Watkins S, Shaukat A, Petrie CJ, Murphy A, Petrie MC, Berry C. Comparative Significance of Invasive Measures of Microvascular Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:e008505. [PMID: 32408817 PMCID: PMC7237023 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistive reserve ratio (RRR) expresses the ratio between basal and hyperemic microvascular resistance. RRR measures the vasodilatory capacity of the microcirculation. We compared RRR, index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) for predicting microvascular obstruction (MVO), myocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and clinical outcomes, after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS In the T-TIME trial (Trial of Low-Dose Adjunctive Alteplase During Primary PCI), 440 patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction from 11 UK hospitals were prospectively enrolled. In a subset of 144 patients, IMR, CFR, and RRR were measured post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention. MVO extent (% left ventricular mass) was determined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2 to 7 days. Infarct size was determined at 3 months. One-year major adverse cardiac events, heart failure hospitalizations, and all-cause death/heart failure hospitalizations were assessed. RESULTS In these 144 patients (mean age, 59±11 years, 80% male), median IMR was 29.5 (interquartile range: 17.0-55.0), CFR was 1.4 (1.1-2.0), and RRR was 1.7 (1.3-2.3). MVO occurred in 41% of patients. IMR>40 was multivariably associated with more MVO (coefficient, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.05-1.02]; P=0.031), myocardial hemorrhage presence (odds ratio [OR], 3.20 [95% CI, 1.25-8.24]; P=0.016), and infarct size (coefficient, 5.05 [95% CI, 0.84-9.26]; P=0.019), independently of CFR≤2.0, RRR≤1.7, myocardial perfusion grade≤1, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count. RRR was multivariably associated with MVO extent (coefficient, -0.60 [95% CI, -0.97 to -0.23]; P=0.002), myocardial hemorrhage presence (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15-0.75]; P=0.008), and infarct size (coefficient, -3.41 [95% CI, -6.76 to -0.06]; P=0.046). IMR>40 was associated with heart failure hospitalization (OR, 5.34 [95% CI, 1.80-15.81] P=0.002), major adverse cardiac events (OR, 4.46 [95% CI, 1.70-11.70] P=0.002), and all-cause death/ heart failure hospitalization (OR, 4.08 [95% CI, 1.55-10.79] P=0.005). RRR was associated with heart failure hospitalization (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.19-0.99] P=0.047). CFR was not associated with infarct characteristics or clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In acute ST-segment-elevationl infarction, IMR and RRR, but not CFR, were associated with MVO, myocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and clinical outcomes. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02257294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Maznyczka
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.C.P., C.B.)
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Keith G. Oldroyd
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.C.P., C.B.)
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (J.P.G.)
| | - Peter J. McCartney
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.C.P., C.B.)
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - James Cotton
- Wolverhampton University Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom (J.C.)
| | - Mitchell Lindsay
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Margaret McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - J. Paul Rocchiccioli
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Richard Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Keith Robertson
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Hany Eteiba
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Stuart Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
| | - Colin J. Petrie
- University Hospital Monklands, NHS Lanarkshire, United Kingdom (C.J.P.)
| | | | - Mark C. Petrie
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.C.P., C.B.)
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.C.P., C.B.)
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M.M., K.G.O., P.J.M., M.L., M.McE., J.P.R., R.G., K.R., H.E., S.W., A.S., C.B.)
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6
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Maznyczka AM, McCartney PJ, Oldroyd KG, Lindsay M, McEntegart M, Eteiba H, Rocchiccioli P, Good R, Shaukat A, Robertson K, Kodoth V, Greenwood JP, Cotton JM, Hood S, Watkins S, Macfarlane PW, Kennedy J, Tait RC, Welsh P, Sattar N, Collison D, Gillespie L, McConnachie A, Berry C. Effects of Intracoronary Alteplase on Microvascular Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014066. [PMID: 31986989 PMCID: PMC7033872 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Impaired microcirculatory reperfusion worsens prognosis following acute ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. In the T‐TIME (A Trial of Low‐Dose Adjunctive Alteplase During Primary PCI) trial, microvascular obstruction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging did not differ with adjunctive, low‐dose, intracoronary alteplase (10 or 20 mg) versus placebo during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We evaluated the effects of intracoronary alteplase, during primary percutaneous coronary intervention, on the index of microcirculatory resistance, coronary flow reserve, and resistive reserve ratio. Methods and Results A prespecified physiology substudy of the T‐TIME trial. From 2016 to 2017, patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction ≤6 hours from symptom onset were randomized in a double‐blind study to receive alteplase 20 mg, alteplase 10 mg, or placebo infused into the culprit artery postreperfusion, but prestenting. Index of microcirculatory resistance, coronary flow reserve, and resistive reserve ratio were measured after percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed at 2 to 7 days and 3 months. Analyses in relation to ischemic time (<2, 2–4, and ≥4 hours) were prespecified. One hundred forty‐four patients (mean age, 59±11 years; 80% male) were prospectively enrolled, representing 33% of the overall population (n=440). Overall, index of microcirculatory resistance (median, 29.5; interquartile range, 17.0–55.0), coronary flow reserve(1.4 [1.1–2.0]), and resistive reserve ratio (1.7 [1.3–2.3]) at the end of percutaneous coronary intervention did not differ between treatment groups. Interactions were observed between ischemic time and alteplase for coronary flow reserve (P=0.013), resistive reserve ratio (P=0.026), and microvascular obstruction (P=0.022), but not index of microcirculatory resistance. Conclusions In ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction with ischemic time ≤6 hours, there was overall no difference in microvascular function with alteplase versus placebo. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02257294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Maznyczka
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McCartney
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Keith G Oldroyd
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell Lindsay
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Margaret McEntegart
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Hany Eteiba
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rocchiccioli
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Richard Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Keith Robertson
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Kodoth
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds United Kingdom
| | - John P Greenwood
- Leeds University and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds United Kingdom
| | - James M Cotton
- Wolverhampton University Hospital NHS Trust Wolverhampton United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Hood
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | | | - Julie Kennedy
- Electrocardiology Group Royal Infirmary Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - R Campbell Tait
- Department of Haematology Royal Infirmary Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Paul Welsh
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Damien Collison
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Gillespie
- Project Management Unit Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Alex McConnachie
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Robertson Centre for Biostatistics Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
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Myocardial flow reserve derived by dynamic perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography reflects the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34:1493-1501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Hassell M, Bax M, van Lavieren M, Nijveldt R, Hirsch A, Robbers L, Marques K, Tijssen J, Zijlstra F, van Rossum A, Delewi R, Piek J. Microvascular dysfunction following ST-elevation myocardial infarction and its recovery over time. EUROINTERVENTION 2017; 13:e578-e584. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-16-00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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The temporal recovery of fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance following myocardial infarction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2016; 30:663-70. [PMID: 26352245 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to summarize the healing processes after myocardial infarction (MI) and to relate these temporal changes to data from serial imaging obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance, and then to relate these findings to the invasive measures of the indices of coronary physiology (e.g., fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance). RECENT FINDINGS Indices of coronary physiology measured with an intracoronary wire represent an easily and readily available diagnostic tool for the management of coronary artery disease. Additionally, they give insight into the functional status of the coronary microvasculature. Recent evidence has confirmed initial observations that microvascular recovery occurs after MI and that this is reflected by a progressive improvement of all the indices of coronary physiology over time. More importantly, it has been clarified that this process is variable, but probably predictable as it is affected by the degree of microvascular injury occurring in the acute phase of MI. SUMMARY Microvascular recovery after acute MI affects the measurement of the indices of coronary physiology. Use of fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance requires an understanding of how microvasculature evolves after MI. This understanding allows appropriate application of intracoronary physiology both clinically and in research settings.
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10
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Assessment of coronary flow reserve using a combination of planar first-pass angiography and myocardial SPECT: Comparison with myocardial (15)O-water PET. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:209-212. [PMID: 27497096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coronary flow reserve (CFR), defined as the ratio of maximum coronary flow increase from baseline resting blood flow, is one of the most sensitive parameters to detect early signs of coronary arteriosclerosis at the microvascular level. Myocardial perfusion PET is a well-established technology for CFR measurement, however, availability is still limited. The aim of this study is to introduce and validate myocardial flow reserve measurement by myocardial perfusion SPECT. METHODS Myocardial perfusion SPECT at rest and ATP stress (0.16mg/Kg/min) was performed in 10 patients with known coronary artery disease. Immediately after the injection of Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI), left ventricular (LV) dynamic planar angiographic data were obtained for 90s. Coronary flow reserve index as measured by MIBI SPECT (CFRMIBI) was calculated as follows: CFRMIBI=CmsSbmb/CmbSbms, where subscripts b, s, Cm, and Sbm indicate baseline, during stress, myocardial counts with MIBI SPECT, and integral of LV counts with first pass angiography, respectively. Additionally, standard stress/rest (15)O-water PET to estimate CFR was performed in all patients as standard of reference. RESULTS CFRMIBI increased in conjunction with CFR, but underestimated blood flow at high flow rates. The relationship between CFRMIBI (Y) and CFRPET (X) was well fitted as follows: Y=1.40x(1-exp(1.79/x)) (r=0.84). CONCLUSIONS The index of CFRMIBI reflects the CFR by (15)O-water PET but underestimates flow at high flows, maybe as a reflection of pharmacokinetic limitations of MIBI.
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Echavarría-Pinto M, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Broyd C, Cerrato E, Macaya C, Escaned J. Use of intracoronary physiology indices in acute coronary syndromes. Interv Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.15.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Ogasawara S, Mukawa H, Sone T, Tsuboi H, Morishima I, Uesugi M, Matsushita E, Morita Y, Okumura K, Murohara T. Presence of myocardial hypoenhancement on multidetector computed tomography after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction predicts poor prognosis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Coronary flow of the infarct artery assessed by transthoracic Doppler after primary percutaneous coronary intervention predicts final infarct size. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 30:1509-18. [PMID: 25108390 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microcirculatory function after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction is important determinant of infarct size (IS). Our aim was to investigate the utility of coronary flow reserve (CFR) and diastolic deceleration time (DDT) of the infarct artery (IRA) assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography after pPCI for final IS prediction. In 59 patients, on the 2nd day after pPCI for acute anterior myocardial infarction, transthoracic Doppler analysis of IRA blood flow was done including measurements of CFR, baseline DDT and DDT during adenosine infusion (DDT adeno). Killip class, myocardial blush grade, resolution of ST segment elevation, peak creatine kinase-myocardial band and conventional echocardiographic parameters were determined. Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging was done 6 weeks later to define final IS (percentage of myocardium with fixed perfusion abnormality). IS significantly correlated with CFR (r = -0.686, p < 0.01), DDT (r = -0.727, p < 0.01), and DDT adeno (r = -0.780, p < 0.01). CFR and DDT adeno in multivariate analysis remained independent IS predictors after adjustment for other covariates and offered incremental prognostic value in models based on conventional clinical, angiographic, electrocardiographic and enzymatic variables. In predicting large infarction (IS > 20 %), the best cut-off for CFR was <1.73 (sensitivity 65 %, specificity 96 %) and for DDT adeno ≤720 ms (sensitivity 81 %, specificity 96 %). CFR and DDT during adenosine are independent and powerful early predictors of final IS offering incremental prognostic information over conventional parameters of myocardial and microvascular damage and tissue reperfusion.
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Kawata T, Daimon M, Hasegawa R, Toyoda T, Sekine T, Himi T, Uchida D, Miyazaki S, Hirose K, Ichikawa R, Maruyama M, Suzuki H, Daida H. Prognostic value of coronary flow reserve assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography on long-term outcome in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes without overt coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:121. [PMID: 23978254 PMCID: PMC3765788 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk stratification of asymptomatic diabetic patients is important and remains a difficult clinical problem. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessed by noninvasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography predicts prognosis in those patients. METHODS From February 2002 to January 2005, we evaluated 135 consecutive asymptomatic patients (74 male; mean age, 63 ± 9 years) with type 2 diabetes without a history of coronary artery disease. Adenosine triphosphate (0.14 mg/kg/min) stress Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate CFR of the left anterior descending artery. Patients with a CFR < 2.0 were also excluded based on the suspicion of significant coronary artery stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. RESULTS There were 111 patients (60 male; mean age, 64 ± 9 years) enrolled. During a median follow-up of 79 months, 20 events (5 deaths, 7 acute coronary syndromes, 8 coronary revascularizations) occurred. The optimal cut-off value of CFR to predict events was 2.5 (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.65). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic indicators were male gender (p < 0.05) and a CFR < 2.5 (p < 0.01). Kaplan-Mayer analysis revealed that the event rate was significantly higher (log-lank, p < 0.01) in patients with CFR < 2.5 than in those with CFR ≥ 2.5. CONCLUSIONS CFR obtained by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography provides independent prognostic information in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes without overt coronary artery disease. Patients with CFR < 2.5 had a worse long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kawata
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Activation of hypoxia response in endothelial cells contributes to ischemic cardioprotection. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3321-9. [PMID: 23775121 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00432-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) is being explored for the treatment of anemia. Previous studies have suggested that HIF-P4H-2 inhibition may also protect the heart from an ischemic insult. Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) mice, which have 76 to 93% knockdown of Hif-p4h-2 mRNA in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes and normoxic stabilization of Hif-α, were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Hif-p4h-2 deficiency resulted in increased survival, better-preserved left ventricle (LV) systolic function, and a smaller infarct size. Surprisingly, a significantly larger area of the LV remained perfused during LAD ligation in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts than in wild-type hearts. However, no difference was observed in collateral vessels, while the size of capillaries, but not their number, was significantly greater in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts than in wild-type hearts. Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) mice showed increased cardiac expression of endothelial Hif target genes for Tie-2, apelin, APJ, and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased serum NO concentrations. Remarkably, blockage of Tie-2 signaling was sufficient to normalize cardiac apelin and APJ expression and resulted in reversal of the enlarged-capillary phenotype and ischemic cardioprotection in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts. Activation of the hypoxia response by HIF-P4H-2 inhibition in endothelial cells appears to be a major determinant of ischemic cardioprotection and justifies the exploration of systemic small-molecule HIF-P4H-2 inhibitors for ischemic heart disease.
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