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Costa ADS, Ghouri I, Johnston A, McGlynn K, McNair A, Bowman P, Malik N, Hurren J, Bingelis T, Dunne M, Smith GL, Kemi OJ. Electrically stimulated in vitro heart cell mimic of acute exercise reveals novel immediate cellular responses to exercise: Reduced contractility and metabolism, but maintained calcium cycling and increased myofilament calcium sensitivity. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1147-1161. [PMID: 37665041 PMCID: PMC10947300 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cellular responses to acute exercise remain undescribed. We present a model for mimicking acute aerobic endurance exercise to freshly isolated cardiomyocytes by evoking exercise-like contractions over prolonged periods of time with trains of electrical twitch stimulations. We then investigated immediate contractile, Ca2+ , and metabolic responses to acute exercise in perfused freshly isolated left ventricular rat cardiomyocytes, after a matrix-design optimized protocol and induced a mimic for acute aerobic endurance exercise by trains of prolonged field twitch stimulations. Acute exercise decreased cardiomyocyte fractional shortening 50%-80% (p < .01). This was not explained by changes to intracellular Ca2+ handling (p > .05); rather, we observed a weak insignificant Ca2+ transient increase (p = .11), while myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity increased 20%-70% (p < .05). Acidic pH 6.8 decreased fractional shortening 20%-70% (p < .05) because of 20%-30% decreased Ca2+ transients (p < .05), but no difference occurred between control and acute exercise (p > .05). Addition of 1 or 10 mM La- increased fractional shortening in control (1 mM La- : no difference, p > .05; 10 mM La- : 20%-30%, p < .05) and acute exercise (1 mM La- : 40%-90%, p < .01; 10 mM La- : 50%-100%, p < .01) and rendered acute exercise indifferent from control (p > .05). Intrinsic autofluorescence showed a resting NADstate of 0.59 ± 0.04 and FADstate of 0.17 ± 0.03, while acute exercise decreased NADH/FAD ratio 8% (p < .01), indicating intracellular oxidation. In conclusion, we show a novel approach for studying immediate acute cardiomyocyte responses to aerobic endurance exercise. We find that acute exercise in cardiomyocytes decreases contraction, but Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity compensate for this, while acidosis and reduced energy substrate and mitochondrial ATP generation explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Da Silva Costa
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Graduate School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Iffath Ghouri
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alexander Johnston
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Karen McGlynn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Andrew McNair
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Peter Bowman
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Natasha Malik
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Johanne Hurren
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tomas Bingelis
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael Dunne
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Ole J. Kemi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Liu B, Korkmaz B, Kraft P, Mayer T, Sayour AA, Grundl MA, Domain R, Karck M, Szabó G, Korkmaz-Icöz S. Pharmacological inhibition of the cysteine protease cathepsin C improves graft function after heart transplantation in rats. J Transl Med 2023; 21:799. [PMID: 37946197 PMCID: PMC10636924 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HTX) is the standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. However, reperfusion following an ischemic period can contribute to myocardial injury. Neutrophil infiltration, along with the subsequent release of tissue-degrading neutrophil elastase (NE)-related serine proteases and oxygen-derived radicals, is associated with adverse graft outcomes. The inhibition of cathepsin C (CatC) has been shown to block NE-related protease activation. We hypothesized that the CatC inhibitor BI-9740 improves graft function after HTX. METHODS In a rat model of HTX, the recipient Lewis rats were orally administered with either a placebo (n = 12) or BI-9740 (n = 11, 20 mg/kg) once daily for 12 days. Donor hearts from untreated Lewis rats were explanted, preserved in a cardioplegic solution, and subsequently heterotopically implanted. In vivo left-ventricular (LV) graft function was assessed after 1 h of reperfusion. The proteolytic activity of neutrophil serine proteases was determined in bone marrow lysates from BI-9740-treated and control rats. Additionally, myocardial morphological changes were examined, and heart samples underwent immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS The NE-related proteolytic activity in bone marrow cell lysates was markedly decreased in the BI-9740-treated rats compared to those of the placebo group. Histopathological lesions, elevated CatC and myeloperoxidase-positive cell infiltration, and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity with an increased number of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1-positive cells were lowered in the hearts of animals treated with BI-9740 compared to placebo groups. Regarding the functional parameters of the implanted graft, improvements were observed in both systolic function (LV systolic pressure 110 ± 6 vs 74 ± 6 mmHg; dP/dtmax 2782 ± 149 vs 2076 ± 167 mmHg/s, LV developed pressure, at an intraventricular volume of 200 µl, p < 0.05) and diastolic function in the hearts of BI-9740 treated animals compared with those receiving the only placebo. Furthermore, the administration of BI-9740 resulted in a shorter graft re-beating time compared to the placebo group. However, this study did not provide evidence of DNA fragmentation, the generation of both superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, correlating with the absence of protein alterations related to apoptosis, as evidenced by western blot in grafts after HTX. CONCLUSIONS We provided experimental evidence that pharmacological inhibition of CatC improves graft function following HTX in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoer Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Patricia Kraft
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex A Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Marc A Grundl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany.
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Lubbe C, Meyer LCR, Kohn TA, Harvey BH, Wolmarans DW. The pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis in ungulates and rats: towards the development of a rodent model of capture myopathy. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:361-371. [PMID: 36334218 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capture myopathy (CM), which is associated with the capture and translocation of wildlife, is a life-threatening condition that causes noteworthy morbidity and mortality in captured animals. Such wildlife deaths have a significant impact on nature conservation efforts and the socio-economic wellbeing of communities reliant on ecotourism. Several strategies are used to minimise the adverse consequences associated with wildlife capture, especially in ungulates, but no successful preventative or curative measures have yet been developed. The primary cause of death in wild animals diagnosed with CM stems from kidney or multiple organ failure as secondary complications to capture-induced rhabdomyolysis. Ergo, the development of accurate and robust model frameworks is vital to improve our understanding of CM. Still, since CM-related complications are borne from biological and behavioural factors that may be unique to wildlife, e.g. skeletal muscle architecture or flighty nature, certain differences between the physiology and stress responses of wildlife and rodents need consideration in such endeavours. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarise some of the major etiological and pathological mechanisms of the condition as it is observed in wildlife and what is currently known of CM-like syndromes, i.e. rhabdomyolysis, in laboratory rats. Additionally, we will highlight some key aspects for consideration in the development and application of potential future rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lubbe
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Center for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tertius A Kohn
- Center for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - De Wet Wolmarans
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Ping Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Cao X. Optimization of exercise preconditioning duration in protecting from exhausted exercise-induced cardiac injury in rats. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:290-300. [PMID: 36588355 DOI: 10.4103/0304-4920.365457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different duration of exercise preconditioning (EP) on protecting from exhaustive exercise-induced cardiac injury (EECI) has been optimized in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: the control group, exhaustive exercise (EE) group, EP 20-min + EE group, EP 40-min + EE group, EP 60-min + EE group and EP 80-min + EE group. The EP groups were subjected to treadmill running at the intensity of 74.0% V̇O2 max. Changes of exercise capacity, cardiac pathology, myocardial enzymology, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac function, and mitochondrial respiratory function were compared. Compared to the C group, the EE group has shown significant decrease of exercise capacity, elevation of serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) levels, cardiac morphology change, ECG disturbance, cardiac dysfunction and reduction of myocardial mitochondrial respiration function. Compared to the EE group, the EP groups have shown significant elevation of exercise capacity, decrease of serum NT-proBNP and cTn-I, improvement of cardiac function and myocardial mitochondrial electron transfer pathway complex I, II and IV activity. The correlation analyses showed protection of EP was proportional to EP duration from 20-min to 60-min. EE caused cardiac injury. EP could protect from EECI by alleviating myocardial damage, improving cardiac function and mitochondrial ETP complex I, II and IV activity. EP protection was positively correlated to EP duration from 20-min to 60-min with EP intensity fixed at 74.0% V̇O2 max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ping
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xuebin Cao
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, China
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Shi M, Dong Z, Zhao K, He X, Sun Y, Ren J, Ge W. Novel insights into exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury: Focusing on mitochondrial quality control. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1015639. [PMID: 36312267 PMCID: PMC9613966 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1015639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular moderate-intensity exercise elicits benefit cardiovascular health outcomes. However, exhaustive exercise (EE) triggers arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, a better understanding of unfavorable heart sequelae of EE is important. Various mechanisms have been postulated for EE-induced cardiac injury, among which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered the cardinal machinery for pathogenesis of various diseases. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is critical for clearance of long-lived or damaged mitochondria, regulation of energy metabolism and cell apoptosis, maintenance of cardiac homeostasis and alleviation of EE-induced injury. In this review, we will focus on MQC mechanisms and propose mitochondrial pathophysiological targets for the management of EE-induced myocardial injury. A thorough understanding of how MQC system functions in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis will provide a feasible rationale for developing potential therapeutic interventions for EE-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shi
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole He
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jun Ren
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Wei Ge
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Wu Q, Tao J, Wu L, Wei W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Jiang X, Chen N. Corn peptide enhances exercise performance and prevents myocardial damage of mice caused by overtraining through activating autophagy. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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但 晴, 白 婧, 蔡 钟, 林 琨, 李 泱. [Changes of myocardial calcium currents in rats with myocardial injury induced by running exercise during acute hypoxia]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1359-1366. [PMID: 36210709 PMCID: PMC9550543 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in myocardial calcium currents in rats subjected to forced running exercise during acute hypoxia and their association with myocardial injury. METHODS Forty SD rats were randomized into quiescent group and running group either in normal oxygen (NQ and NR groups, respectively) or in acute hypoxia (HQ and HR groups, respectively). Hypoxia was induced by keeping the rats in a hypobaric oxygen chamber (PaO2=61.6kpa) for 4 h a day; the rats in the two running groups were forced to run on running wheels for 4 h each day. Rat ventricular myocytes was isolated by enzymatic digestion for recording action potentials and currents using patch clamp technique, and confocal Ca2+ imaging was used to monitor intracellular Ca2+ levels. The expressions of Cav1.2 channel and the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) were determined using Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with those in NQ group, the rats in HR group showed significantly decreased SOD activity (P < 0.01), increased h-FABP, hs-CRP and IMA levels (P < 0.05 or 0.01), obvious myocardial pathology, and prolonged APD50 and APD90 (P < 0.05). Of the different stress conditions, forced running in acute hypoxia resulted in the most prominent increase of the densities of ICa, L currents, causing also a significant left shift of the steady state activation curve and a significant right shift of the steady state inactivation curve. Compared with those in NQ group, the rats in NR, HQ and HR groups all exhibited higher rates of spontaneous calcium wave events in the cardiac myocytes, increased frequency of calcium sparks with lowered amplitude, enhanced calcium release amplitude in the ventricular myocytes, and delayed calcium ion reabsorption; in particular, these changes were the most conspicuous in HR group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There was also a significant increase in the protein levels of Cav1.2 channel and RyR2 receptor in HR group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of myocardial injury in rats subjected to forced running in acute hypoxia may involve the increase of oxidative stress and calcium current and intracellular calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晴 但
- 解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管内科,北京 100039Department of Cardiology, Fist Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - 婧 白
- 郑州大学第一附属医院心血管内科,河南 郑州 450052Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - 钟奇 蔡
- 中国人民解放军南部战区总医院干部病房,广东 广州 510014Cadre's Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 琨 林
- 解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管内科,北京 100039Department of Cardiology, Fist Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - 泱 李
- 解放军总医院第六医学中心心血管 病医学部,北京 100048Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Ivonin AG, Smirnova SL, Roshchevskaya IM. Body Surface Potential Mapping during Ventricular Depolarization in Rats after Acute Exhaustive Exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:S0066-782X2022005014203. [PMID: 36102423 PMCID: PMC9750213 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20211058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaustive physical exercise can cause substantial changes in the electrical properties of the myocardium. OBJECTIVE To evaluate, using body surface potential mapping, the electrical activity of the heart in rats during ventricular depolarization after acute exhaustive exercise. METHODS Twelve-week-old male rats were submitted to acute treadmill exercise at 36 m/min until exhaustion. Unipolar electrocardiograms (ECGs) from the torso surface were recorded in zoletil-anesthetized rats three to five days before (Pre-Ex), 5 and 10 minutes after exhaustive exercise (Post-Ex 5 and Post-Ex 10, respectively) simultaneously with ECGs in limb leads. The instantaneous body surface potential maps (BSPMs) were analyzed during ventricular depolarization. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with Pre-Ex, an early completion of the second inversion of potential distributions, an early completion of ventricular depolarization, as well as a decrease in the duration of the middle phase and the total duration of ventricular depolarization on BSPMs were revealed at Post-Ex 5. Also, compared with Pre-Ex, an increase in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at the R-wave peak on the ECG in lead II (RII-peak) and a decrease in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at 3 and 4 ms after RII-peak were showed at Post-Ex 5. At Post-Ex 10, parameters of BSPMs did not differ from those at Pre-Ex. CONCLUSION In rats, acute exhaustive exercise causes reversible changes in the temporal and amplitude characteristics of BSPMs during ventricular depolarization, most likely related to alterations in the excitation of the main mass of the ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Ivonin
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
| | - Svetlana L. Smirnova
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
| | - Irina M. Roshchevskaya
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
- Laboratory of Pharmacological ScreeningResearch Zakusov Institute of PharmacologyMoscowFederação Russa Laboratory of Pharmacological Screening – Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology , Moscow – Federação Russa
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Kui P, Polyák A, Morvay N, Tiszlavicz L, Nagy N, Ördög B, Takács H, Leprán I, Farkas A, Papp JG, Jost N, Varró A, Baczkó I, Farkas AS. Long-Term Endurance Exercise Training Alters Repolarization in a New Rabbit Athlete’s Heart Model. Front Physiol 2022; 12:741317. [PMID: 35237176 PMCID: PMC8882986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of long-term exercise training was investigated on myocardial morphological and functional remodeling and on proarrhythmic sensitivity in a rabbit athlete’s heart model. New-Zealand white rabbits were trained during a 12-week long treadmill running protocol and compared with their sedentary controls. At the end of the training protocol, echocardiography, in vivo and in vitro ECG recordings, proarrhythmic sensitivity with dofetilide (nM) were performed in isolated hearts, and action potential duration (APD) measurements at different potassium concentrations (4.5 and 2 mM) were made in the isolated papillary muscles. Expression levels of the slow component of delayed rectifier potassium current and fibrosis synthesis and degradation biomarkers were quantified. Echocardiography showed a significantly dilated left ventricle in the running rabbits. ECG PQ and RR intervals were significantly longer in the exercised group (79 ± 2 vs. 69 ± 2 ms and 325 ± 11 vs. 265 ± 6 ms, p < 0.05, respectively). The in vivo heart rate variability (HRV) (SD of root mean square: 5.2 ± 1.4 ms vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 ms, p < 0.05) and Tpeak-Tend variability were higher in the running rabbits. Bradycardia disappeared in the exercised group in vitro. Dofetilide tended to increase the QTc interval in a greater extent, and significantly increased the number of arrhythmic beats in the trained animals in vitro. APD was longer in the exercised group at a low potassium level. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed significantly greater messenger RNA expression of fibrotic biomarkers in the exercised group. Increased repolarization variability and higher arrhythmia incidences, lengthened APD at a low potassium level, increased fibrotic biomarker gene expressions may indicate higher sensitivity of the rabbit “athlete’s heart” to life-threatening arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Kui
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Polyák
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Working Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Morvay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Working Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ördög
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Leprán
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julius Gy. Papp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Working Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Working Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Working Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: András Varró,
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila S. Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Berilli P, Fanaro GB, Santos JP, Reyes Reyes FG, Iglesias AH, Reis M, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. White tea modulates antioxidant defense of endurance-trained rats. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:256-264. [PMID: 35800140 PMCID: PMC9253650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in nutritional strategies that may counteract the deleterious oxidative effects induced by strenuous exercises is remarkable. Herein, the impact of white tea (Camellia sinensis) (WT), a polyphenol-rich beverage, on antioxidant status in endurance-trained rats after one session of exhaustive exercise were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups, which received: control groups - water, and testing groups - WT1 (0.25%; w/v) or WT2 (0.5%; w/v). Drinks were consumed, ad libitum, for 5 or 10 weeks, concomitantly with the running training. Exhaustive running tests were applied before and after the experimental periods. WT intake increased the serum antioxidant capacity of rats in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), which was unaccompanied by the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR, and GSH content. Inflammatory markers in serum [IL-1β (P = 0.004) and IL-6 (P = 0.001)] could be downregulated by tea intake. In liver tissue, lower levels of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) and improved antioxidant defenses (SOD, GPx, GR, and GSH, P < 0.05) were related to the consumption of 10.13039/100010269WT in both doses, supporting protective effects in this responsible metabolic organ. In conclusion, long-term consumption of WT could be a promising adjuvant to exercise-stress management, emphasizing its ability to regulate antioxidant responses and prevent oxidative tissue damage. White tea intake improved antioxidant status of blood and liver of runner rats. White tea intake promoted protective effect against liver lipid peroxidation after an exhaustive exercise. Long term white tea intake did not enhance physical performance.
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Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities with Rodents. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3898710. [PMID: 34868454 PMCID: PMC8639251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3898710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of chronic diseases can be derived from a sedentary lifestyle. Raising physical activity awareness is indispensable, as lack of exercise is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Animal models in different research fields serve as important tools in the study of acute or chronic noncommunicable disorders. With the help of animal-based exercise research, exercise-mediated complex antioxidant and inflammatory pathways can be explored, which knowledge can be transferred to human studies. Whereas sustained physical activity has an enormous number of beneficial effects on many organ systems, these animal models are easily applicable in several research areas. This review is aimed at providing an overall picture of scientific research studies using animal models with a focus on different training modalities. Without wishing to be exhaustive, the most commonly used forms of exercise are presented.
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Optimization of different intensities of exercise preconditioning in protecting exhausted exercise induced heart injury in rats. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:218-227. [PMID: 35783371 PMCID: PMC9219306 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to optimize the exercise preconditioning (EP) intensity in protecting from exhaustive exercise-induced cardiac injury (EECI). A total of 98 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 14): the control group (C), the exhaustive exercise group (EE) and the EP + EE groups, which include the V10 (53.0%˙O2max), V15 (58.4%˙O2max), V20 (67.0%˙O2max), V26 (74.0%˙O2max) and V30 (80.0%˙O2max) groups. Except the C group, the other groups were subjected to treadmill running. The serum contents of N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, ECG was recorded, heart function was detected by pressure volume catheter and the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer pathway (ET pathway) complexes I, Ⅱ and IV were measured by high-resolution respiration instrument. Compared to the EE group, the EP groups have shown decrease of NT-proBNP and cTn-I, improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function and cardiac function. Compared to other EP groups, the V26 group has shown significant decrease of myocardial enzymes and improvement of mitochondrial function. The correlation analysis showed the EP effect was proportional to EP intensity in the range of 53.0%˙O2max-74.0%˙O2max. High intensity and long duration of exhaustive exercise caused cardiac injury and EP could decrease serum level of NT-proBNP and cTn-I, improve electrical derangement and the left ventricular function, and raise the activities of ET pathway complexes I, Ⅱ and IV. The protection of EP on EECI was improved as the EP intensity was increased from 53.0%˙O2max to 74.0%˙O2max and when EP intensity was 74.0%˙O2max, the effect was the most obvious among all the setting EP groups.
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Bódi B, Kovács Á, Gulyás H, Mártha L, Tóth A, Mátyás C, Barta BA, Oláh A, Merkely B, Radovits T, Papp Z. Long-Term PDE-5A Inhibition Improves Myofilament Function in Left and Right Ventricular Cardiomyocytes through Partially Different Mechanisms in Diabetic Rat Hearts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111776. [PMID: 34829647 PMCID: PMC8615283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are frequent complications of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we aimed to characterize RV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and its prevention by vardenafil (a long-acting phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE-5A) inhibitor) administration in a diabetic HFpEF model. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) and control, ZDF Lean (Lean) male rats received 10 mg/kg vardenafil (ZDF + Vard; Lean + Vard) per os, on a daily basis for a period of 25 weeks. In vitro force measurements, biochemical and histochemical assays were employed to assess cardiomyocyte function and signaling. Vardenafil treatment increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels and decreased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in the left and right ventricles of ZDF animals, but not in Lean animals. Cardiomyocyte passive tension (Fpassive) was higher in LV and RV cardiomyocytes of ZDF rats than in those receiving preventive vardenafil treatment. Levels of overall titin phosphorylation did not differ in the four experimental groups. Maximal Ca2+-activated force (Fmax) of LV and RV cardiomyocytes were preserved in ZDF animals. Ca2+-sensitivity of isometric force production (pCa50) was significantly higher in LV (but not in RV) cardiomyocytes of ZDF rats than in their counterparts in the Lean or Lean + Vard groups. In accordance, the phosphorylation levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) were lower in LV (but not in RV) cardiomyocytes of ZDF animals than in their counterparts of the Lean or Lean + Vard groups. Vardenafil treatment normalized pCa50 values in LV cardiomyocytes, and it decreased pCa50 below control levels in RV cardiomyocytes in the ZDF + Vard group. Our data illustrate partially overlapping myofilament protein alterations for LV and RV cardiomyocytes in diabetic rat hearts upon long-term PDE-5A inhibition. While uniform patterns in cGMP, 3-NT and Fpassive levels predict identical effects of vardenafil therapy for the diastolic function in both ventricles, the uneven cTnI, cMyBP-C phosphorylation levels and pCa50 values implicate different responses for the systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bódi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Hajnalka Gulyás
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Mártha
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (C.M.); (B.A.B.); (A.O.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Bálint András Barta
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (C.M.); (B.A.B.); (A.O.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (C.M.); (B.A.B.); (A.O.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (C.M.); (B.A.B.); (A.O.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (C.M.); (B.A.B.); (A.O.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (Á.K.); (H.G.); (L.M.); (A.T.)
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Su Y, Wang Y, Xu P, Sun Y, Ping Z, Huang H, Cao X. Study on the time-effectiveness of exercise preconditioning on heart protection in exhausted rats. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:97-105. [PMID: 33938820 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_65_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the persistence time and the effectiveness of exercise preconditioning (EP) on myocardial protection in exhausted rats from myocardial enzymes, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac function, and mitochondrial respiratory function after cessation of exercise training. One hundred and twelve healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 16): control group (CON), exhaustive exercise (EE) group, EP group, and EE after EP (EP + EE); furthermore, EP + EE group was randomly divided into 1D, 3D, 9D, and 18D groups (1D, 3D, 9D, and 18D) and performed exhaustive treadmill exercise at a speed of 30 m/min on the 1st, 3rd, 9th, and 18th days separately after EP exercise stopped. We detected the serum contents of N-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays method, recorded ECG, detected heart function by pressure volume catheter, measured the respiratory rates of rat myocardial mitochondria state 3 and 4 of complex I, complex II, and IV by high-resolution breathing apparatus. EP could decrease the serum content of NT-proBNP and cTnI, improved the electrical derangement and the left ventricular function in exhausted rats. Moreover, the protective effect was more obvious in the 9th day after EP stopped, whereas it would disappear when EP stopped for more than 18 days. Compared with EE group, the respiratory rate value of myocardial mitochondrial complex increased in 1D, 3D, and 9D groups. Therefore, the protective effect of EP on the heart of exhausted rats decreased with the prolongation of stopping training time, and the effect was significant within 3 days of discontinuing training, then decreased gradually, and completely disappeared in the 18th day. EP enhanced the cardiac function in exhausted rats through raising the nicotinamide adenine diphosphate hydride (NADH) electron transport chain and increased the respiration rates of mitochondrial respiratory complex I and IV state 3, thereby improved myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Heling Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xuebin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Hospital of the 82nd Group Army, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Tesema G, George M. Associations between cardiac troponin I and cardiovascular parameters after 12-week endurance training in young moderately trained amateur athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001065. [PMID: 33791107 PMCID: PMC7978269 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies were conducted only on elite athletes, and they investigate acute training responses of cardiac troponin I (CTnI). However, cardiac troponin was found to be elevated in young and inexperienced athletes than adults, and immature myocardium is more susceptible to injury, which needs further consideration. Aim Therefore, we aimed to observe the association between CTnI and cardiovascular parameters in response to chronic endurance training adaptation in young athletes. Methods Fifteen participants aged (19.5±1.3) years were selected and placed in endurance running at 70%–80% HRmax intensity for 35 min per training for the first week and additional 2 min each week from the second to the last week for 12 weeks. Serum cardiac troponin and cardiovascular parameters were assessed at pre-training and after 12 weeks of training. Result We find a significant CTnI level (p<0.05) and it is positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (BP) (r=0.425). Moreover, CTnI was statistically significant (p<0.01) and positively associated with mean arterial pressure (r=0.516) with a moderate correlation. Besides, CTnI showed a significant (p<0.001) and positive relationship with resting heart rate (r=0.605) and a moderate correlation. We did not find a significant relationship between CTnI and diastolic BP in response to endurance training adaptation. Conclusion In conclusion, serum CTnI was significantly and positively associated with cardiovascular parameters in young amateur athletes in response to 12-week endurance training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Tesema
- Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Biochemistry, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Nations, Ethiopia
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Loiselle DS, Taberner AJ, Tran K, Han JC. Thermodynamic inconsistency disproves the Suga-Sagawa theory of cardiac energetics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 164:81-91. [PMID: 33745881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The theory proposed by Suga and Sagawa, encompassing the concepts of 'time-varying elastance', 'pressure-volume area' and 'isoefficiency', has been widely applied in cardiac research - albeit not without contention. In this Review, we commence with a brief history of striated muscle energetics as a prelude to re-visiting the Suga-Sagawa Theory. We conclude our discussion by including recent insights into the fundamental flaw underlying the metabolic component of the Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Loiselle
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth Tran
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Oláh A, Barta BA, Sayour AA, Ruppert M, Virág-Tulassay E, Novák J, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Merkely B, Radovits T. Balanced Intense Exercise Training Induces Atrial Oxidative Stress Counterbalanced by the Antioxidant System and Atrial Hypertrophy That Is Not Associated with Pathological Remodeling or Arrhythmogenicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030452. [PMID: 33803975 PMCID: PMC7999710 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regular exercise training is associated with cardiovascular benefits, the increased risk of atrial arrhythmias has been observed after vigorous exercise and has been related to oxidative stress. We aimed at investigating exercise-induced atrial remodeling in a rat model of an athlete’s heart and determining sex-specific differences. Age-matched young adult rats were divided into female exercised, female control, male exercised, and male control groups. After exercised animals completed a 12-week-long swim training protocol, echocardiography and in vivo cardiac electrophysiologic investigation were performed. Additionally, atrial histological and gene expression analyses were carried out. Post-mortem atrial weight data and histological examination confirmed marked atrial hypertrophy. We found increased atrial gene expression of antioxidant enzymes along with increased nitro-oxidative stress. No gene expression alteration was found regarding markers of pathological remodeling, apoptotic, proinflammatoric, and profibrotic processes. Exercise training was associated with a prolonged right atrial effective refractory period. We could not induce arrhythmias by programmed stimulation in any groups. We found decreased expression of potassium channels. Female gender was associated with lower profibrotic expression and collagen density. Long-term, balanced exercise training-induced atrial hypertrophy is not associated with harmful electrical remodeling, and no inflammatory or profibrotic response was observed in the atrium of exercised rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-458-6810; Fax: +36-1-458-6842
| | - Bálint András Barta
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Eszter Virág-Tulassay
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Julianna Novák
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University; Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.N.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University; Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.N.); (Z.V.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University; Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University; Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University; Városmajor str. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.A.B.); (A.A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.-T.); (B.M.); (T.R.)
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Lakin R, Debi R, Yang S, Polidovitch N, Goodman JM, Backx PH. Differential negative effects of acute exhaustive swim exercise on the right ventricle are associated with disproportionate hemodynamic loading. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1261-H1275. [PMID: 33416456 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute exhaustive endurance exercise can differentially impact the right ventricle (RV) versus the left ventricle (LV). However, the hemodynamic basis for these differences and its impact on postexercise recovery remain unclear. Therefore, we assessed cardiac structure and function along with hemodynamic properties of mice subjected to single bouts (216 ± 8 min) of exhaustive swimming (ES). One-hour after ES, LVs displayed mild diastolic impairment compared with that in sedentary (SED) mice. Following dobutamine administration to assess functional reserve, diastolic and systolic function were slightly impaired. Twenty-four hours after ES, LV function was largely indistinguishable from that in SED. By contrast, 1-h post swim, RVs showed pronounced impairment of diastolic and systolic function with and without dobutamine, which persisted 24 h later. The degree of RV impairment correlated with the time-to-exhaustion. To identify hemodynamic factors mediating chamber-specific responses to ES, LV pressure was recorded during swimming. Swimming initiated immediate increases in heart rates (HRs), systolic pressure, dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmin, which remained stable for ∼45 min. LV end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) increased to ≥45 mmHg during the first 10 min and subsequently declined. After 45 min, HR and -dP/dtmin declined, which correlated with gradual elevations in LVEDP (to ∼45 mmHg) as mice approached exhaustion. All parameters rapidly normalized postexercise. Consistent with human studies, our findings demonstrate a disproportionate negative impact of acute exhaustive exercise on RVs that persisted for at least 24 h. We speculate that the differential effects of exhaustive exercise on the ventricles arise from a ∼2-fold greater hemodynamic load in the RV than in LV originating from profound elevations in LVEDPs as mice approach exhaustion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute exhaustive exercise differentially impacts the right ventricle (RV) versus left ventricle (LV), yet the underlying hemodynamic basis remains unclear. Using pressure-volume analyses and pressure-telemetry implantation in mice, we confirmed a marked disproportionate and persistent negative impact of exhaustive exercise on the RV. These differences in responses of the ventricles to exhaustive exercise are of clinical relevance, reflecting ∼2-fold greater hemodynamic RV loads versus LVs arising from massive (∼45 mmHg) increases in LV end-diastolic pressures at exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lakin
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nazari Polidovitch
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack M Goodman
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yan Z, Zeng N, Li J, Liao T, Ni G. Cardiac Effects of Treadmill Running at Different Intensities in a Rat Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:774681. [PMID: 34912240 PMCID: PMC8667026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.774681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise training on cardiac hypertrophy, collagen deposition, echo parameters and serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in rats, and how they differ with various exercise intensities, hence exploring potential signal transduction. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR) groups. Each exercise group had 3 subgroups that were sacrificed for cardiac tissue analyses at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, and all rats participated in a daily 1 h treadmill routine 5 days per week. Echocardiographic measurements were performed 24 h after the last exercise session. Additionally, myocardium samples and blood were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. Changes in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Results: After a week of running, ventricular myocyte size and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the HIR group, while left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter values and LV relative wall thickness increased in the LIR and MIR groups. In addition, we observed heart enlargement, cTnI decrease, and ERK1/2 signal activation in each of the exercise groups after 4 weeks of running. However, the HIR group displayed substantial rupture and increased fibrosis in myocardial tissue. In addition, compared with the LIR and MIR groups, 8 weeks of HIR resulted in structural damage, fiber deposition, and increased cTnI. However, there was no difference in the activation of ERK1/2 signaling between the exercise and SED groups. Conclusion: The effect of running on cardiac hypertrophy was intensity dependent. In contrast to LIR and MIR, the cardiac hypertrophy induced by 8 weeks of HIR was characterized by potential cardiomyocyte injury, which increased the risk of pathological development. Furthermore, the ERK signaling pathway was mainly involved in the compensatory hypertrophy process of the myocardium in the early stage of exercise and was positively correlated with exercise load. However, long-term exercise may attenuate ERK signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jieting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Ni,
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Cardiac Troponin Elevation After Long-Distance Cycling is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Exercise Intensity: An Observational Study. Asian J Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, the mechanisms of post-exercise cardiac troponin elevation are debatable. Previous studies have reported that oxidative stress happens after extended exercise. Objectives: This study purposed to establish the association between the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a marker of oxidative stress, and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) after prolonged cycling. Methods: Ninety-two males in Indonesian cycling tours participated in the present study. Baseline and post-exercise blood specimens were obtained to define MDA and cTn-I levels. The elevations of MDA and cTn-I were determined as positive differences of post-cycling MDA and cTn-I levels to the baseline, respectively. Results: Eighty-eight participants (age, mean = 45.3 years old, [SD]:11.47; body mass index (BMI), mean=24.2 kg/m2, [SD]: 3.03) finished the cycling tours. Subjects’ characteristics were comparable based on the touring category, except for the family history of coronary artery disease, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, neutrophil count, resting heart rate, exercise intensity, and cTn-I elevation. MDA significantly escalated at the level of 210.90 µmol/mL at post-exercise, from 190.18 µmol/mL at baseline. cTn-I also increased at the level of 13.65 ng/dL from 5.16 ng/dL. The elevation of MDA was related to the elevation of cTn-I. Elevation of cTn-I after prolonged cycling was contributed by elevation of MDA and exercise intensity. Conclusions: The present findings support existing confirmation that cTn-I elevation after prolonged exercise is related to oxidative stress and exercise intensity.
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Sarikaya B, Runa M, Dayanir D, Gündüztepe Y, Pinar L. Paraoxonase and oxidative stress changes in left and right ventricles of exhaustively exercised rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:752-759. [PMID: 33201749 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can cause subclinical inflammation to the heart, as it is an oxidative tissue that works continuously. The effect of exhaustive exercise on left and right ventricles (LVs, RVs) may be different. It is claimed that paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, has a cardioprotective effect on oxidative stress. Rats were separated as non-exercised controls (Con), those euthanized immediately after (E-0) and 24 h after exhaustive exercise (E-24). Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), PON1 activities, and histological findings in LV and RV of the exhausted rats were evaluated. TAS and PON1 levels were lower in LVs compared with RVs of all groups. TOS levels were high in LVs compared with RVs of all groups. In LVs, TAS levels decreased significantly in the E-0 group while PON1 activity decreased in E-0 and E-24 groups compared with controls. In LVs, TOS levels decreased significantly in E-0 and E-24 groups, but in RVs a decrease was seen only in the E-0 group. cTnI levels increased significantly in the E-0 group and decreased to control levels in the E-24 group. Considering the histological and biochemical findings, exhaustive exercise affected the heart to the maximum during and just after exhaustion, and LV was influenced more than RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badegül Sarikaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Runa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dayanir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gündüztepe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lamia Pinar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
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22
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Liao P, He Q, Zhou X, Ma K, Wen J, Chen H, Li Q, Qin D, Wang H. Repetitive Bouts of Exhaustive Exercise Induces a Systemic Inflammatory Response and Multi-Organ Damage in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:685. [PMID: 32655413 PMCID: PMC7324715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome can follow severe infection or injury, but its relationship to exercise is not well understood. Previous studies have observed that prolonged strenuous exercise can lead to transiently increased level and/or activity of markers for systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ damage. However, few studies have analyzed the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response and subsequent multi-organ injury in exhaustive exercise conditions. In this study, we established a rat model of repetitive bouts of exhaustive running (RBER) and investigated its effects on multiple organ damage. Rats were subjected to RBER in either uphill or downhill running modes daily for a period of 7 days. Morphologically, RBER causes tissue structural destruction and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skeletal muscles and many visceral organs. RBER also causes sustained quantitative changes in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, and changes in the concentration of blood inflammatory factors. These inflammatory alterations are accompanied by increases in serum enzyme levels/activities which serve as functional markers of organ damage. In general, RBER in the downhill mode seemed to cause more damage evaluated by the above-mentioned measures than that produced in the uphill mode. A period of rest could recover some degree of damage, especially for organs such as the heart and kidneys with strong compensatory capacities. Together, our data suggest that, as a result of multi-organ interactions, RBER could cause a sustained inflammatory response for at least 24 h, resulting in tissue lesion and ultimately multiple organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- Research Center for Sports Nutrition and Eudainomics, Institute for Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Research Center for Sports Nutrition and Eudainomics, Institute for Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Research Center for Sports Nutrition and Eudainomics, Institute for Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Jiangsu Biodep Biotechnology, Jiangyin, China.,Probiotics Australia, Ormeau, QLD, Australia
| | - Jie Wen
- Beijing Allwegene Health, B-607 Wanlin Technology Mansion, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Research Center for Sports Nutrition and Eudainomics, Institute for Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Research Center for Sports Nutrition and Eudainomics, Institute for Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Qin
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Health-Pharmaceutical, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Mann CK, Lee LC, Campbell KS, Wenk JF. Force-dependent recruitment from myosin OFF-state increases end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in left ventricle. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:2683-2692. [PMID: 32346808 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Finite element (FE) modeling is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world of cardiac mechanics; however, many existing FE models are phenomenological and thus do not capture cellular-level mechanics. This work implements a cellular-level contraction scheme into an existing nonlinear FE code to model ventricular contraction. Specifically, this contraction model incorporates three myosin states: OFF-, ON-, and an attached force-generating state. It has been speculated that force-dependent transitions from the OFF- to ON-state may contribute to length-dependent activation at the cellular level. The current work investigates the contribution of force-dependent recruitment out of the OFF-state to ventricular-level function, specifically the Frank-Starling relationship, as seen through the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR). Five FE models were constructed using geometries of rat left ventricles obtained via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. FE simulations were conducted to optimize parameters for the cellular contraction model such that the differences between FE predicted ventricular pressures for the models and experimentally measured pressures were minimized. The models were further validated by comparing FE predicted end-systolic strain to experimentally measured strain. Simulations mimicking vena cava occlusion generated descending pressure volume loops from which ESPVRs were calculated. In simulations with the inclusion of the OFF-state, using a force-dependent transition to the ON-state, the ESPVR calculated was steeper than in simulations excluding the OFF-state. Furthermore, the ESPVR was also steeper when compared to models that included the OFF-state without a force-dependent transition. This suggests that the force-dependent recruitment of thick filament heads from the OFF-state at the cellular level contributes to the Frank-Starling relationship observed at the organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Mann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Wenk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Exercise Preconditioning Plays a Protective Role in Exhaustive Rats by Activating the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3598932. [PMID: 32063981 PMCID: PMC6998755 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3598932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether exercise preconditioning (EP) protects the rat heart from exhaustive exercise- (EE-) induced injury by inducing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Methods 84 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 14 rats per group): control group (Con), exhaustive exercise group (EE), exercise preconditioning group (EP), exercise preconditioning + exhaustive exercise group (EP + EE), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) + exercise preconditioning + exhaustive exercise group (LY + EP + EE), and LY294002 group (LY). The Con and LY did not exercise. The remaining groups were subjected to treadmill running. The structure of myocardial tissue and serum biomarkers of myocardial injury were observed. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded with a pressure-volume catheter. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, and the level of mitochondrial membrane permeability transforming pore (mPTP) in myocardium was evaluated using ELISA. Pathway and apoptosis-related proteins in myocardium were assessed using western blotting. Results Compared to the Con group, the EE group showed remarkable myocardial injury, such as cardiac dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. Compared to the EE group, the injuries in the EP + EE group were improved. EP increased the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and regulated Bcl-2 family to decrease the mPTP openness level. However, the cardioprotective effects of EP were attenuated when pretreated with the LY294002. Conclusions EP protected the heart from EE-induced injury, and it may improve the cardiac function and reduce the cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Yuan JQ, Yuan Y, Pan SS, Cai K. Altered expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins during exercise preconditioning indicate the involvement of autophagy in cardioprotection against exercise-induced myocardial injury. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:10. [PMID: 32066368 PMCID: PMC7026234 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been reported to induce autophagy. We hypothesized that exercise preconditioning (EP)-related autophagy in cardiomyocytes could be attributed to intermittent ischemia-hypoxia, allowing the heart to be protected for subsequent high-intensity exercise (HE). We applied approaches, chromotrope-2R brilliant green (C-2R BG) staining and plasma cTnI levels measuring, to characterize two periods of cardioprotection after EP: early EP (EEP) and late EP (LEP). Further addressing the relationship between ischemia-hypoxia and autophagy, key proteins, Beclin1, LC3, Cathepsin D, and p62, were determined by immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and by their adjacent slices with C-2R BG. Results indicated that exercise-induced ischemia-hypoxia is a key factor in Beclin1-dependent autophagy. High-intensity exercise was associated with the impairment of autophagy due to high levels of LC3II and unchanged levels of p62, intermittent ischemia-hypoxia by EP itself plays a key role in autophagy, which resulted in more favorable cellular effects during EEP-cardioprotection compared to LEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qi Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shan-Shan Pan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Ke Cai
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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26
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Rao Z, Zheng L, Huang H, Feng Y, Shi R. α-Klotho Expression in Mouse Tissues Following Acute Exhaustive Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1498. [PMID: 31920703 PMCID: PMC6919267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho, a multifunctional protein, has been demonstrated to protect tissues from injury via anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. The expression of α-klotho is regulated by several physiological and pathological factors, including acute inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Exhaustive exercise has been reported to result in tissue damage, which is induced by inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disturbance. However, little is known about the effects of exhaustive exercise on the expression of α-klotho in various tissues. To determine the effects, the treadmill exhaustion test in mice was performed and the mice were sacrificed at different time points following exhaustive exercise. Our results confirmed that the full-length (130 kDa) and shorter-form (65 kDa) α-klotho were primarily expressed in the kidneys. Moreover, we found that, except for the kidneys and brain, other tissues primarily expressed the shorter-form α-klotho, including liver, which was in contrast to previous reports. Furthermore, the shorter-form α-klotho was decreased immediately following the acute exhaustive exercise and was then restored to the pre-exercise level or even higher levels in the next few days. Our results indicate that α-klotho may play a key role in the body exhaustion and recovery following exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Rao
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Kinesiology and Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Lifang Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Kinesiology and Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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27
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Tirapu L, San Antonio R, Tolosana JM, Roca-Luque I, Mont L, Guasch E. Exercise and atrial fibrillation: how health turns harm, and how to turn it back. Minerva Cardioangiol 2019; 67:411-424. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.19.04998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Zhang H, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li X. Trimetazidine Attenuates Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats via Regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30890937 PMCID: PMC6411712 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted exercise has been reported to cause the damage of myocardial structure and function in terms of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disturbance. Trimetazidine (TMZ), as an anti-ischemic agent, has been approved to be effective in promoting myocardial energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation. However, few studies examined the effects of TMZ on myocardial injury induced by exhausted exercise. To investigate whether TMZ could ameliorate the exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury and explore the underlying mechanisms, here the rat model of exhaustive exercise was induced by prolonged swimming exercise and TMZ was administrated to rats before exhaustive exercise. According to the results, we demonstrated that exhaustive exercise led to cardiomyocyte damage in rats as evidenced by elevations in cTnI and NT-proBNP levels, and decrease in CX43 expression, which was attenuated by TMZ treatment. Moreover, the administration of TMZ was found to restrain exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing GSH level, SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreasing MDA level. Additionally, TMZ ameliorated myocardial injury by inhibiting apoptosis via reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and cytochrome c levels in the myocardium of rats. Furthermore, we found that TMZ suppressed oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, our study suggested that TMZ provided cardioprotection in rats after exhaustive exercise, indicating TMZ might served as a potential therapeutic drug for exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
| | - Moyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
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29
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Li JY, Pan SS, Wang JY, Lu J. Changes in Autophagy Levels in Rat Myocardium During Exercise Preconditioning-Initiated Cardioprotective Effects. Int Heart J 2019; 60:419-428. [PMID: 30745541 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in the cardioprotection conferred by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been well described. This study aimed to investigate the changes in autophagy levels during the cardioprotective effects initiated by exercise preconditioning (EP).Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group C (control), group EP, group EE (exhaustive exercise), and group EP + EE (EP pretreatment at 0.5 hours before EE). The EP protocol included 4 periods of 10 minutes of treadmill running each at 30 m/minute with intervening 10 minute periods of rest. Hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) staining and plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were used to evaluate the ischemia-hypoxia injury in rat myocardium. Alteration levels in several autophagy proteins in the left ventricular myocardium were analyzed by Western blot. The phasic alterations of autophagy levels during EP-initiated cardioprotective phase were also examined.Compared with group C, the ischemia-hypoxia positive areas and IOD value in HBFP-staining and cTnI plasma levels increased significantly in group EE. Compared with group EE, the ischemia-hypoxia injury was markedly attenuated in group EP + EE. Compared with group C, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, a marker of autophagosome formation, was reduced in group EE, but the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio remained unaltered in group EP + EE. Furthermore, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio increased significantly at 2 hours during the cardioprotective phase after EP.These results suggest that the activated autophagy level during the EP-initiated cardioprotective phase may be partly involved in the cardioprotective effects by maintaining a normal autophagy basal level during the subsequent exhaustive exercise in rat myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
| | | | - Jia-Yin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
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30
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Piraki P, Hemmatfar A, Samavati Sharif MA, Behpour N. Evaluating the Effect of Vitamin C on Myocardial Angiogenesis Under Oxidative Stress Induced by Exhaustive Exercise in Rat. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of exhaustive swimming with the consumption of a vitamin C supplement on indices of myocardial oxidative stress and gene expression related to angiogenesis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of normal (C), 100 and 200 mg/kg of vitamin C, (VC100 and VC200), exercise with 100 and 200 mg/kg of vitamin C (Ex+VC100 and Ex+VC200) and exercise without treatment (Ex). Finally, the serum activity of serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and heart tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters, besides gene expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT-1) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) was measured. Results: Significant increase in LDH level was seen in group Ex which was remarkably attenuated in group Ex+VC200 (p<0.001). The tissue oxidative stress was observed in group Ex where daily intake of vitamin C could remarkably regulate this property (p<0.01). Vitamin C could ameliorate significant upper gene expression of VEGF-B and MMP-2 remarkably (p<0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative condition in myocardial besides over expression of MMP-2, could be concluded as a detrimental condition resulting from exhaustive swimming that continued by the proteolytic release of CK and LDH from the muscle. Upper gene expression of VEGF-B and MMP-2 besides no changes of ANGPT-1 can be concluded as an early stage of angiogenesis. All these events were somehow attenuated by vitamin C which confirmed its beneficial effects as an antioxidant and the role of oxidation properties in the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Piraki
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hemmatfar
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | | | - Naser Behpour
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
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San Antonio R, Guasch E, Tolosana JM, Mont L. Determining the best approach to reduce the impact of exercise-induced atrial fibrillation: prevention, screening, or symptom-based treatment? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 17:19-29. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1550720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo San Antonio
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Tolosana
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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32
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H 2O 2 Signaling-Triggered PI3K Mediates Mitochondrial Protection to Participate in Early Cardioprotection by Exercise Preconditioning. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1916841. [PMID: 30147831 PMCID: PMC6083504 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1916841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that early exercise preconditioning (EEP) imparts a protective effect on acute cardiovascular stress. However, how mitophagy participates in exercise preconditioning- (EP-) induced cardioprotection remains unclear. EEP may involve mitochondrial protection, which presumably crosstalks with predominant H2O2 oxidative stress. Our EEP protocol involves four periods of 10 min running with 10 min recovery intervals. We added a period of exhaustive running and a pretreatment using phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/autophagy inhibitor wortmannin to test this protective effect. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy, and other molecular biotechnology methods, we detected related markers and specifically analyzed the relationship between mitophagic proteins and mitochondrial translocation. We determined that exhaustive exercise associated with various elevated injuries targeted the myocardium, oxidative stress, hypoxia-ischemia, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. However, exhaustion induced limited mitochondrial protection through a H2O2-independent manner to inhibit voltage-dependent anion channel isoform 1 (VDAC1) instead of mitophagy. EEP was apparently safe to the heart. In EEP-induced cardioprotection, EEP provided suppression to exhaustive exercise (EE) injuries by translocating Bnip3 to the mitochondria by recruiting the autophagosome protein LC3 to induce mitophagy, which is potentially triggered by H2O2 and influenced by Beclin1-dependent autophagy. Pretreatment with the wortmannin further attenuated these effects induced by EEP and resulted in the expression of proapoptotic phenotypes such as oxidative injury, elevated Beclin1/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c leakage, mitochondrial dynamin-1-like protein (Drp-1) expression, and VDAC1 dephosphorylation. These observations suggest that H2O2 generation regulates mitochondrial protection in EEP-induced cardioprotection.
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33
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Parkin Mediates Mitophagy to Participate in Cardioprotection Induced by Late Exercise Preconditioning but Bnip3 Does Not. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Veres G, Hagenhoff M, Schmidt H, Radovits T, Loganathan S, Bai Y, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Brlecic P, Sayour AA, Karck M, Szabó G. Targeting Phosphodiesterase-5 by Vardenafil Improves Vascular Graft Function. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:256-263. [PMID: 29724533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury occurs during vascular graft harvesting and implantation during vascular/cardiac surgery. Elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels contribute to an effective endothelial protection in different pathophysiological conditions. The hypothesis that the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil would protect vascular grafts against IR injury by upregulating the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the vessel wall of the bypass graft was investigated. METHODS Lewis rats (n = 6-7/group) were divided into Group 1, control; Group 2, donor rats received intravenous saline; Group 3, received intravenous vardenafil (30 μg/kg) 2 h before explantation. Whereas aortic arches of Group 1 were immediately mounted in an organ bath, aortic segments of Groups 2 and 3 were stored for 2 h in saline and transplanted into the abdominal aorta of the recipient. Two hours after transplantation, the implanted grafts were harvested. Endothelium dependent and independent vasorelaxations were investigated. TUNEL, CD-31, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, α-SMA, nitrotyrosine, dihydroethidium and cGMP immunochemistry were also performed. RESULTS Compared with the control, the saline group showed significantly attenuated endothelium dependent maximal relaxation (Rmax) 2 h after reperfusion, which was significantly improved by vardenafil supplementation (Rmax control, 91 ± 2%; saline 22 ± 2% vs. vardenafil 39 ± 4%, p < .001). Vardenafil pre-treatment significantly reduced DNA fragmentation (control 9 ± 1%, saline 66 ± 8% vs. vardenafil 13 ± 1%, p < .001), nitro-oxidative stress (control 0.8 ± 0.3, saline 7.6 ± 1.3 vs. vardenafil 3.8 ± 1, p = .036), reactive oxygen species level (vardenafil 36 ± 4, control 34 ± 2 vs. saline 43 ± 2, p = .049), prevented vascular smooth muscle cell damage (control 8.5 ± 0.7, saline 4.3 ± 0.6 vs. vardenafil 6.7 ± 0.6, p = .013), decreased ICAM-1 (control 4.1 ± 0.5, saline 7.0 ± 0.9 vs. vardenafil 4.4 ± 0.6, p = .031), and VCAM-1 score (control 4.4 ± 0.4, saline 7.3 ± 1.0 vs. vardenafil 5.2 ± 0.4, p = .046) and increased cGMP score in the aortic wall (control 11.2 ± 0.8, saline 6.5 ± 0.8 vs. vardenafil 8.9 ± 0.6, p = .016). The marker for endothelial integrity (CD-31) was also higher in the vardenafil group (control 74 ± 4%, saline 22 ± 2% vs. vardenafil 40 ± 3%, p = .008). CONCLUSIONS The results support the view that impairment of intracellular cGMP signalling plays a role in the pathogenesis of the endothelial dysfunction of an arterial graft after bypass surgery, which can effectively be prevented by vardenafil. Its clinical use as preconditioning drug could be a novel approach in vascular/cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Veres
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hagenhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Schmidt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Guasch E, Mont L, Sitges M. Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in athletes: what we know and what we do not know. Neth Heart J 2018; 26:133-145. [PMID: 29411287 PMCID: PMC5818379 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-018-1080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an emerging cause of atrial fibrillation (AF) in young individuals without coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. The causes of exercise-induced atrial fibrillation remain largely unknown, and conclusions are jeopardised by apparently conflicting data. Some components of the athlete's heart are known to be arrhythmogenic in other settings. Bradycardia, atrial dilatation and, possibly, atrial premature beats are therefore biologically plausible contributors to exercise-induced AF. Challenging findings in an animal model suggest that exercise might also prompt the development of atrial fibrosis, possibly due to cumulative minor structural damage after each exercise bout. However, there is very limited, indirect data supporting this hypothesis in athletes. Age, sex, the presence of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors, and genetic individual variability might serve to flag those athletes who are at the higher risk of exercise-induced AF. In this review, we will critically address current knowledge on the mechanisms of exercise-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guasch
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS; Universitat de Barcelona; CIBERCV., 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - L Mont
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS; Universitat de Barcelona; CIBERCV., 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Sitges
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS; Universitat de Barcelona; CIBERCV., 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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36
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Rao Z, Wang S, Bunner WP, Chang Y, Shi R. Exercise induced Right Ventricular Fibrosis is Associated with Myocardial Damage and Inflammation. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:1014-1024. [PMID: 30334389 PMCID: PMC6196150 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intense exercise (IE) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) showed contradictory findings in human studies, making the relationship between IE and the development of MF unclear. This study aims to demonstrate exercise induced MF is associated with cardiac damage, and inflammation is essential to the development of exercise induced MF. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to daily 60-minutes treadmill exercise sessions at vigorous or moderate intensity, with 8-, 12-, and 16-week durations; time-matched sedentary rats served as controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration. After completion of the exercise protocol rats were euthanized. Biventricular morphology, ultrastructure, and collagen deposition were then examined. Protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was evaluated in both ventricles. RESULTS After IE, right but not left ventricle (LV) MF occurred. Serum cTnI levels increased and right ventricular damage was observed at the ultrastructure level in rats that were subjected to long-term IE. Leukocyte infiltration into the right ventricle (RV) rather than LV was observed after long-term IE. Long-term IE also increased protein expression of pro-inflammation factors including IL-1β and MCP-1 in the RV. CONCLUSIONS Right ventricular damage induced by long-term IE is pathological and the following inflammatory response is essential to the development of exercise induced MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Rao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Sport Health and Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Wyatt Paul Bunner
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Yun Chang
- Sport Health and Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Nie J, George K, Duan F, Tong TK, Tian Y. Histological evidence for reversible cardiomyocyte changes and serum cardiac troponin T elevation after exercise in rats. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13083. [PMID: 28003565 PMCID: PMC5210385 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized cardiac troponin T (cTnT) appearance and associated histological evidence of reversible or irreversible changes in myocardial ultrastructure, determined via electron microscopy, in rats undertaking isoproterenol (ISO) infusion or an endurance exercise challenge. Male rats were randomized into ISO and exercise groups. In ISO trials rats were killed 5 h (ISO‐5H) and 24 h (ISO‐REC19H) after a single ISO or saline injection (SAL‐5H; SAL‐REC19H). In the exercise trials rats were killed before, as a control (EXE‐CON), immediately after (EXE‐END5H) and 19 h after (EXE‐REC19H) a 5‐h bout of swimming with 5% body weight attached to their tail. Serum cTnT was quantified by electrochemiluminescence, and myocardial samples in ISO‐REC19H, EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H were harvested for assessment of specific mitochondrial injury scores using electron‐microscopy. cTnT was undetectable in all control animals (SAL‐5H/SAL‐REC19H and EXE‐CON). cTnT increased in all animals after ISO and exercise but the response was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at ISO‐5H (median [range]: 2.60 [1.76–6.18] μg · L−1) than at EXE‐END5H (median [range]: 0.05 [0.02–0.14] μg · L−1). cTnT returned to baseline at EXE‐REC19H, but had not completely recovered at ISO‐REC19H (median [range]: 0.17 [0.09–1.22] μg · L−1). Mitochondrial “injury scores” were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ISO‐REC19H compared to EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H, with no difference between EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H. Mitochondria from EXE‐REC19H appeared aggregated in nonlinear clusters in a small number of scans. These findings suggest that acute exercise‐induced appearance of cTnT in this animal model is only associated with reversible changes in cardiomyocyte structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Nie
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Duan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Tomas K Tong
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Tian
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Benke K, Mátyás C, Sayour AA, Oláh A, Németh BT, Ruppert M, Szabó G, Kökény G, Horváth EM, Hartyánszky I, Szabolcs Z, Merkely B, Radovits T. Pharmacological preconditioning with gemfibrozil preserves cardiac function after heart transplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14232. [PMID: 29079777 PMCID: PMC5660179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While heart transplantation (HTX) is the definitive therapy of heart failure, donor shortage is emerging. Pharmacological activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and increased cGMP-signalling have been reported to have cardioprotective properties. Gemfibrozil has recently been shown to exert sGC activating effects in vitro. We aimed to investigate whether pharmacological preconditioning of donor hearts with gemfibrozil could protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and preserve myocardial function in a heterotopic rat HTX model. Donor Lewis rats received p.o. gemfibrozil (150 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle for 2 days. The hearts were explanted, stored for 1 h in cold preservation solution, and heterotopically transplanted. 1 h after starting reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume relations and coronary blood flow (CBF) were assessed to evaluate early post-transplant graft function. After 1 h reperfusion, LV contractility, active relaxation and CBF were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the gemfibrozil pretreated hearts compared to that of controls. Additionally, gemfibrozil treatment reduced nitro-oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improved cGMP-signalling in HTX. Pharmacological preconditioning with gemfibrozil reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury and preserves graft function in a rat HTX model, which could be the consequence of enhanced myocardial cGMP-signalling. Gemfibrozil might represent a useful tool for cardioprotection in the clinical setting of HTX surgery soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Benke
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Zoltán Szabolcs
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Exercise-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: a myth or reality? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1407-16. [PMID: 27389587 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of physical activity on mitochondrial health are well substantiated in the scientific literature, with regular exercise improving mitochondrial quality and quantity in normal healthy population, and in cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and aging. However, several recent studies questioned this paradigm, suggesting that extremely heavy or exhaustive exercise fosters mitochondrial disturbances that could permanently damage its function in health and disease. Exercise-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (EIMD) might be a key proxy for negative outcomes of exhaustive exercise, being a pathophysiological substrate of heart abnormalities, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or muscle degeneration. Here, we overview possible factors that mediate negative effects of exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial function and structure, and put forward alternative solutions for the management of EIMD.
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40
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Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Lorenzini A, Bandini E, Angeloni C, Hrelia S, Malaguti M. Effect of broccoli extract enriched diet on liver cholesterol oxidation in rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:137-144. [PMID: 27084531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of broccoli extract (BE)-enriched diet was studied in order to evaluate its ability to counteract liver cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) induced by acute strenuous exercise in rats. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control diet without exercise (C), BE-enriched diet without exercise (B), control diet with acute exhaustive exercise (S) and BE-enriched diet with acute exhaustive exercise (BS). The study lasted 45days and on the last day, rats of S and BS groups were forced to run until exhaustion on a treadmill. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were determined in liver. Exhaustive exercise was clearly responsible for tissue damage, as evidenced by the increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plasma activity in the S group. Moreover, the exercise protocol reduced CAT activity in liver, while it did not affect GST, GR and GPx. BE-enriched diet raised GST, GR and CAT activities in rats of BS group. The main COPs found were 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, cholestanetriol, 24-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol. The BE-enriched diet led to reduced cholesterol oxidation following exhaustive exercise; the highest level of COPs was found in the S group, whereas the BS rats showed the lowest amount. This study indicates that the BE-enriched diet increases antioxidant enzyme activities and exerts an antioxidant effect towards cholesterol oxidation in rat liver, suggesting the use of phytochemicals in the prevention of oxidative damage and in the modulation of the redox environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonello Lorenzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Bandini
- Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST), Unit of Gene Therapy Meldola-Forlı', Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
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Lakatos B, Tősér Z, Tokodi M, Doronina A, Kosztin A, Muraru D, Badano LP, Kovács A, Merkely B. Quantification of the relative contribution of the different right ventricular wall motion components to right ventricular ejection fraction: the ReVISION method. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15:8. [PMID: 28347344 PMCID: PMC5369196 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-017-0100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major mechanisms contribute to right ventricular (RV) pump function: (i) shortening of the longitudinal axis with traction of the tricuspid annulus towards the apex; (ii) inward movement of the RV free wall; (iii) bulging of the interventricular septum into the RV and stretching the free wall over the septum. The relative contribution of the aforementioned mechanisms to RV pump function may change in different pathological conditions. Our aim was to develop a custom method to separately assess the extent of longitudinal, radial and anteroposterior displacement of the RV walls and to quantify their relative contribution to global RV ejection fraction using 3D data sets obtained by echocardiography. Accordingly, we decomposed the movement of the exported RV beutel wall in a vertex based manner. The volumes of the beutels accounting for the RV wall motion in only one direction (either longitudinal, radial, or anteroposterior) were calculated at each time frame using the signed tetrahedron method. Then, the relative contribution of the RV wall motion along the three different directions to global RV ejection fraction was calculated either as the ratio of the given direction’s ejection fraction to global ejection fraction and as the frame-by-frame RV volume change (∆V/∆t) along the three motion directions. The ReVISION (Right VentrIcular Separate wall motIon quantificatiON) method may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of RV mechanical adaptations to different loading conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Lakatos
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tősér
- Department of Software Technology and Methodology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Tokodi
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Doronina
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kosztin
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi P Badano
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Attila Kovács
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Béla Merkely
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor St. 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
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Acute exhaustive aerobic exercise training impair cardiomyocyte function and calcium handling in Sprague-Dawley rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173449. [PMID: 28273177 PMCID: PMC5342256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent data from long-distance endurance participants suggest that cardiac function is impaired after completion. Existing data further indicate that right ventricular function is more affected than left ventricular function. The cellular mechanisms underpinning cardiac deterioration are limited and therefore the aim of this study was to examine cardiomyocyte and molecular responses of the right and left ventricle to an acute bout of exhaustive endurance exercise. Materials and methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sedentary controls or acute exhaustive endurance exercise consisting of a 120 minutes long forced treadmill run. The contractile function and Ca2+ handling properties in isolated cardiomyocytes, protein expression levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban including two of its phosphorylated states (serine 16 and threonine 17), and the mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers were analyzed. Results The exercise group showed a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte fractional shortening (right ventricle 1 Hz and 3 Hz p<0.001; left ventricle 1 Hz p<0.05), intracellular Ca2+ amplitude (right ventricle 1 and 3 Hz p<0.001; left ventricle 1 Hz p<0.01 and 3 Hz p<0.05) and rate of diastolic Ca2+ decay (right ventricle 1 Hz p<0.001 and 3 Hz p<0.01; left ventricle 1 and 3 Hz p<0.01). Cardiomyocyte relaxation during diastole was only significantly prolonged at 3 Hz in the right ventricle (p<0.05) compared to sedentary controls. We found an increase in phosphorylation of phospholamban at serine 16 and threonine 17 in the left (p<0.05), but not the right, ventricle from exhaustively exercised animals. The protein expression levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban was not changed. Furthermore, we found a reduction in maximal oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport system capacities of mitochondrial respiration in the right (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), but not the left ventricle from rats subjected to acute exhaustive treadmill exercise. Conclusion Acute exhaustive treadmill exercise is associated with impairment of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and mitochondrial respiration that causes depression in both contraction and diastolic relaxation of cardiomyocytes.
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Pillon Barcelos R, Freire Royes LF, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Oxidative stress and inflammation: liver responses and adaptations to acute and regular exercise. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:222-236. [PMID: 28166653 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1291942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is remarkably important during exercise outcomes due to its contribution to detoxification, synthesis, and release of biomolecules, and energy supply to the exercising muscles. Recently, liver has been also shown to play an important role in redox status and inflammatory modulation during exercise. However, while several studies have described the adaptations of skeletal muscles to acute and chronic exercise, hepatic changes are still scarcely investigated. Indeed, acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation onset, whereas regular training induces hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory improvements. Acute and regular exercise protocols in combination with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation have been also tested to verify hepatic adaptations to exercise. Although positive results have been reported in some acute models, several studies have shown an increased exercise-related stress upon liver. A similar trend has been observed during training: while synergistic effects of training and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementations have been occasionally found, others reported a blunting of relevant adaptations to exercise, following the patterns described in skeletal muscles. This review discusses current data regarding liver responses and adaptation to acute and regular exercise protocols alone or combined with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation. The understanding of the mechanisms behind these modulations is of interest for both exercise-related health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- a Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade de Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil.,c Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Gallego
- d Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- e Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud (IRyS), Escuela de Educación Física , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso , Valparaiso , Chile
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Abstract
Numerous animal cardiac exercise models using animal subjects have been established to uncover the cardiovascular physiological mechanism of exercise or to determine the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health and disease. In most cases, animal-based cardiovascular exercise modalities include treadmill running, swimming, and voluntary wheel running with a series of intensities, times, and durations. Those used animals include small rodents (e.g., mice and rats) and large animals (e.g., rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, pigs, and horses). Depending on the research goal, each experimental protocol should also describe whether its respective exercise treatment can produce the anticipated acute or chronic cardiovascular adaptive response. In this chapter, we will briefly describe the most common kinds of animal models of acute and chronic cardiovascular exercises that are currently being conducted and are likely to be chosen in the near future. Strengths and weakness of animal-based cardiac exercise modalities are also discussed.
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Che L, Li D. The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Biomarkers: New Insights, Recent Data, and Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:43-53. [PMID: 29022256 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of regular exercise or physical activity with appropriate intensity on improving cardiopulmonary function and endurance has long been accepted with less controversy. The challenge remains, however, quantitatively evaluate the effect of exercise on cardiovascular health due in part to the amount and intensity of exercise varies widely plus lack of effective, robust and efficient biomarker evaluation systems. Better evaluating the overall function of biomarker and validate biomarkers utility in cardiovascular health should improve the evidence regarding the benefit or the effect of exercise or physical activity on cardiovascular health, in turn increasing the efficiency of the biomarker on individuals with mild to moderate cardiovascular risk. In this review, beyond traditional cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory factors, we systemic reviewed the latest novel biomarkers in metabolomics, genomics, proteomics, and molecular imaging mainly focus on heart health, as well as cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we highlight the state-of-the-art biomarker developing techniques and its application in the field of heart health. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of physical activity and exercise on key biomarkers in molecular basis and practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tingyi Hospital, Tingyi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90502, USA
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Factors underlying elevated troponin I levels following pacemaker primo-implantation. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:248-56. [PMID: 26769435 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponins are routinely used as markers of myocardial damage. Originally, they were only intended for use in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes; however, we now know that raised serum troponin levels are not always caused by ischemia. There are many other clinical conditions that cause damage to cardiomyocytes, leading to raised levels of troponin. However, the specificity of cardiac troponins towards the myocardium is absolute. Our work focuses on mechanical damage to the myocardium and on monitoring the factors that raise the levels of cardiospecific markers after primo-implantation of a pacemaker with an actively fixed electrode. AIMS (i) To determine whether the use of a primo-implanted pacemaker with an electrode system with active fixation will raise troponin levels over baseline. (ii) To assess whether troponin I elevation is dependent on procedure complexity. METHODS We enrolled 219 consecutive patients indicated for pacemaker primo-implantation; cardiospecific marker values (troponin I, CKMB, myoglobin) were determined before the implantation procedure and again at 6- and 18-h intervals after the procedure. We monitored duration of cardiac skiascopy, number of attempts to place the electrode (active penetration into the tissue) and intervention range (single-chamber versus dual-chamber pacing), and we assessed the clinical data. RESULTS The average age of the enrolled patients was 78.2 ± 8.0 years (median age, 80 years); women constituted 45% of the group. We implanted 128 dual-chamber and 91 single-chamber devices with an average skiascopic time of 38.6 ± 22.0 s (median, 33.5 s). Troponin I serum levels increased from an initial 0.03 ± 0.07 μg/L (median, 0.01) to 0.18 ± 0.17 μg/L (median, 0.13) and 0.09 ± 0.18 μg/L (median, 0.04) at 6 and 18 h, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001 or P < 0.001). We confirmed a correlation between troponin increase and duration of skiascopy (P < 0.001). We also demonstrated a correlation between increased troponin I and number of attempts to place a pacemaker electrode (penetration into the tissue) at 6 h (P < 0.001) post-implantation. CONCLUSION We detected slightly elevated troponin I levels in patients with primo-implanted pacemakers using electrodes with active fixation. We demonstrated a direct correlation between myocardial damage (number of electrode penetrations into the myocardium) and troponin I elevation, as well as between complexity (severity) of the implantation procedure (indicated by prolonged skiascopy) and raised troponin I. The described phenomenon demonstrates the loss of the diagnostic role of troponin I early after pacemaker primo-implantation in patients with concomitant chest pain.
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Oláh A, Németh BT, Mátyás C, Hidi L, Lux Á, Ruppert M, Kellermayer D, Sayour AA, Szabó L, Török M, Meltzer A, Gellér L, Merkely B, Radovits T. Physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy of comparable degree is associated with characteristic differences of in vivo hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H587-97. [PMID: 26718969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00588.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a physiological or pathological response of LV myocardium to increased cardiac load. We aimed at investigating and comparing hemodynamic alterations in well-established rat models of physiological hypertrophy (PhyH) and pathological hypertrophy (PaH) by using LV pressure-volume (P-V) analysis. PhyH and PaH were induced in rats by swim training and by abdominal aortic banding, respectively. Morphology of the heart was investigated by echocardiography. Characterization of cardiac function was completed by LV P-V analysis. In addition, histological and molecular biological measurements were performed. Echocardiography revealed myocardial hypertrophy of similar degree in both models, which was confirmed by post-mortem heart weight data. In aortic-banded rats we detected subendocardial fibrosis. Reactivation of fetal gene program could be observed only in the PaH model. PhyH was associated with increased stroke volume, whereas unaltered stroke volume was detected in PaH along with markedly elevated end-systolic pressure values. Sensitive indexes of LV contractility were increased in both models, in parallel with the degree of hypertrophy. Active relaxation was ameliorated in athlete's heart, whereas it showed marked impairment in PaH. Mechanical efficiency and ventriculo-arterial coupling were improved in PhyH, whereas they remained unchanged in PaH. Myocardial gene expression of mitochondrial regulators showed marked differences between PaH and PhyH. We provided the first comparative hemodynamic characterization of PhyH and PaH in relevant rodent models. Increased LV contractility could be observed in both types of LV hypertrophy; characteristic distinction was detected in diastolic function (active relaxation) and mechanoenergetics (mechanical efficiency), which might be explained by mitochondrial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hidi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Lux
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Szabó
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Török
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Meltzer
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gellér
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Alis R, Rampinini E, Bosio A, Romagnoli M, Lombardi G, Lippi G. Hs-cTnT levels in professional soccer players throughout a season: No evidence of sustained cardiac damage. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:292-3. [PMID: 26142978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Alis
- Research Institute "Dr. Viña Giner", Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Center, Italy
| | - Marco Romagnoli
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12"), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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