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Kuang Z, Wu J, Tan Y, Zhu G, Li J, Wu M. MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030568. [PMID: 36979503 PMCID: PMC10046787 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a broad-spectrum chemotherapy drug, is widely applied to the treatment of cancer; however, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) limits its clinical therapeutic utility. However, it is difficult to monitor and detect DIC at an early stage using conventional detection methods. Thus, sensitive, accurate, and specific methods of diagnosis and treatment are important in clinical practice. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are stable and easy to detect. Moreover, miRNAs are expected to become biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DIC; thus, there are currently many studies focusing on the role of miRNAs in DIC. In this review, we list the prominent studies on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNAs in DIC, explore the feasibility and difficulties of using miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Kuang
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Min Wu
- Cardiovascular Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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2
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Ji J, Anwar M, Petretto E, Emanueli C, Srivastava PK. PPMS: A framework to Profile Primary MicroRNAs from Single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbac419. [PMID: 36209413 PMCID: PMC9677482 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Single-cell/nuclei RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies can simultaneously quantify gene expression in thousands of cells across the genome. However, the majority of the noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), cannot currently be profiled at the same scale. MiRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs and play an important role in gene regulation. MiRNAs originate from the processing of primary transcripts, known as primary-microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). The pri-miRNA transcripts, independent of their cognate miRNAs, can also function as long noncoding RNAs, code for micropeptides or even interact with DNA, acting like enhancers. Therefore, it is apparent that the significance of scRNA-seq pri-miRNA profiling expands beyond using pri-miRNA as proxies of mature miRNAs. However, there are no computational methods that allow profiling and quantification of pri-miRNAs at the single-cell-type resolution. RESULTS We have developed a simple yet effective computational framework to profile pri-MiRNAs from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets (PPMS). Based on user input, PPMS can profile pri-miRNAs at cell-type resolution. PPMS can be applied to both newly produced and publicly available datasets obtained via single cell or single-nuclei RNA-seq. It allows users to (i) investigate the distribution of pri-miRNAs across cell types and cell states and (ii) establish a relationship between the number of cells/reads sequenced and the detection of pri-miRNAs. Here, to demonstrate its efficacy, we have applied PPMS to publicly available scRNA-seq data generated from (i) individual chambers (ventricles and atria) of the human heart, (ii) human pluripotent stem cells during their differentiation into cardiomyocytes (the heart beating cells) and (iii) hiPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Maryam Anwar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- London Institute of Medical Sciences, MRC, UK
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), 211198 Nanjing, China
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3
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Lin LR, Hu XQ, Lu LH, Dai JZ, Lin NN, Wang RH, Xie ZX, Chen XM. MicroRNA expression profiles in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myosin-binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) gene mutations. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35717150 PMCID: PMC9206743 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomere proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of FHCM. In the present study, we aimed to determine the miRNA profile in FHCM patients with myosin-binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) gene mutations. We recruited three FHCM patients and age- and sex-matched controls. The three probands all had hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with severe myocardial hypertrophy, and two of the three had a history of sudden cardiac death, representing a “malignant” phenotype. We then compared the miRNA expression profiles of three FHCM patients carrying MYBPC3 gene mutations with those of the normal control group using miRNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed miRNAs were verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Target genes and signaling pathways of the identified differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. A total of 33 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in the peripheral blood of the three probands, of which 28 were upregulated, including miR-208b-3p, and 5 were downregulated. Real-time PCR confirmed the upregulated expression of miR-208b-3p in FHCM patients (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-208b-3p was mainly enriched in 79 target genes including UBE2V2, MED13, YBX1, CNKSR2, GATA4, andSOX5/6, et al. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of target genes showed that miR-208b was mainly involved in the processes of negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, and regulation of transcription, DNA templated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the target genes regulated by miR-208b-3p were mainly involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that FHCM patients with MYBPC3 gene mutations have a specific miRNA expression profile, and that miR-208b-3p is significantly upregulated in cardiac hypertrophy. Our results also indicate that miRNA-208b-3p activates the Wnt signaling pathway through its target gene to promote cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xue-Qun Hu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Li-Hong Lu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jia-Zhen Dai
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ning-Ning Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Re-Hua Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhang-Xin Xie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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4
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Wu Z, Zhu S, Qian J, Hu Y, Ji W, Li D, Zhu P, Liang R, Jin Y. Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Heart Injury Upon Coxsackievirus A2 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:765445. [PMID: 35155276 PMCID: PMC8831793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.765445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) has recently been constantly detected, and is associated with viral myocarditis in children. Our previous study demonstrated that CVA2 led to heart damage in a neonatal murine model. However, the molecular mechanism of heart injury caused by CVA2 remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests the significant functions of miRNAs in Coxsackievirus infection. To investigate potential miRNAs involved in heart injury caused by CVA2, our study, for the first time, conducted a RNA-seq in vivo employing infected mice hearts. In total, 87, 101 and 76 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified at 3 days post infection (dpi), 7 dpi and 7 dpi vs 3 dpi. Importantly, above 3 comparison strategies shared 34 differentially expressed miRNAs. These results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Next, we did GO, KEGG, and miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis of differential miRNAs. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the miRNA-mRNA pairs. To further confirm the above enriched pathways and processes, we did Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Our results suggest that inflammatory responses, T cell activation, apoptosis, autophagy, antiviral immunity, NK cell infiltration, and the disruption of tight junctions are involved in the pathogenesis of heart injury caused by CVA2. The dysregulated miRNAs and pathways recognized in the current study can improve the understanding of the intricate interactions between CVA2 and the heart injury, opening a novel avenue for the future study of CVA2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenshen Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanfeng Qian
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuefei Jin,
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Huang XH, Li JL, Li XY, Wang SX, Jiao ZH, Li SQ, Liu J, Ding J. miR-208a in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773314. [PMID: 34957257 PMCID: PMC8695683 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various stresses, including pressure overload and myocardial stretch, can trigger cardiac remodeling and result in heart diseases. The disorders are associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality and are among the major health problems in the world. MicroRNAs, a class of ~22nt-long small non-coding RNAs, have been found to participate in regulating heart development and function. One of them, miR-208a, a cardiac-specific microRNA, plays key role(s) in modulating gene expression in the heart, and is involved in a broad array of processes in cardiac pathogenesis. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of miR-208a in rodents attenuated stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Transgenic expression of miR-208a in the heart was sufficient to cause hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. miR-208a is also a key regulator of cardiac conduction system, either deletion or transgenic expression of miR-208a disturbed heart electrophysiology and could induce arrhythmias. In addition, miR-208a appeared to assist in regulating the expression of fast- and slow-twitch myofiber genes in the heart. Notably, this heart-specific miRNA could also modulate the “endocrine” function of cardiac muscle and govern the systemic energy homeostasis in the whole body. Despite of the critical roles, the underlying regulatory networks involving miR-208a are still elusive. Here, we summarize the progress made in understanding the function and mechanisms of this important miRNA in the heart, and propose several topics to be resolved as well as the hypothetical answers. We speculate that miR-208a may play diverse and even opposite roles by being involved in distinct molecular networks depending on the contexts. A deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms of its action under the conditions of cardiac homeostasis and diseases is needed. The clinical implications of miR-208a are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Huai Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Lu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Xia Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Han Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Kennel PJ, Schulze PC. A Review on the Evolving Roles of MiRNA-Based Technologies in Diagnosing and Treating Heart Failure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113191. [PMID: 34831414 PMCID: PMC8617680 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNA-regulated processes are pivotal in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. These short non-coding RNAs have ideal properties that could be utilized as potential biomarkers; moreover, their functions as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA make them interesting therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current state of miRNA-based biomarkers in a variety of diseases leading to heart failure, as well as provide an outlook on developing miRNA-based therapies in the heart failure field.
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7
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Ramos‐Marquès E, García‐Mendívil L, Pérez‐Zabalza M, Santander‐Badules H, Srinivasan S, Oliveros JC, Torres‐Pérez R, Cebollada A, Vallejo‐Gil JM, Fresneda‐Roldán PC, Fañanás‐Mastral J, Vázquez‐Sancho M, Matamala‐Adell M, Sorribas‐Berjón JF, Bellido‑Morales JA, Mancebón‑Sierra FJ, Vaca‑Núñez AS, Ballester‐Cuenca C, Jiménez‐Navarro M, Villaescusa JM, Garrido‐Huéscar E, Segovia‐Roldán M, Oliván‐Viguera A, Gómez‐González C, Muñiz G, Diez E, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Chronological and biological aging of the human left ventricular myocardium: Analysis of microRNAs contribution. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13383. [PMID: 34092006 PMCID: PMC8282276 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In humans, cardiac aging remains poorly characterized. Most studies are based on chronological age (CA) and disregard biological age (BA), the actual physiological age (result of the aging rate on the organ structure and function), thus yielding potentially imperfect outcomes. Deciphering the molecular basis of ventricular aging, especially by BA, could lead to major progresses in cardiac research. We aim to describe the transcriptome dynamics of the aging left ventricle (LV) in humans according to both CA and BA and characterize the contribution of microRNAs, key transcriptional regulators. BA is measured using two CA-associated transcriptional markers: CDKN2A expression, a cell senescence marker, and apparent age (AppAge), a highly complex transcriptional index. Bioinformatics analysis of 132 LV samples shows that CDKN2A expression and AppAge represent transcriptomic changes better than CA. Both BA markers are biologically validated in relation to an aging phenotype associated with heart dysfunction, the amount of cardiac fibrosis. BA-based analyses uncover depleted cardiac-specific processes, among other relevant functions, that are undetected by CA. Twenty BA-related microRNAs are identified, and two of them highly heart-enriched that are present in plasma. We describe a microRNA-gene regulatory network related to cardiac processes that are partially validated in vitro and in LV samples from living donors. We prove the higher sensitivity of BA over CA to explain transcriptomic changes in the aging myocardium and report novel molecular insights into human LV biological aging. Our results can find application in future therapeutic and biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Ramos‐Marquès
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Laura García‐Mendívil
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - María Pérez‐Zabalza
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Hazel Santander‐Badules
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sabarathinam Srinivasan
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics National Center of Biotechnology‐ Spanish National Research Council Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Torres‐Pérez
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics National Center of Biotechnology‐ Spanish National Research Council Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Vázquez‐Sancho
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain
| | - Marta Matamala‐Adell
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Jiménez‐Navarro
- Heart Area Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, UMA Málaga Spain
| | - José Manuel Villaescusa
- UGC Heart Area Cardiovascular Surgery Department Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación de Málaga en Biomedicina y Salud (FIMABIS) CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Instituto de Salud Carlos III University of Málaga Madrid Spain
| | - Elisa Garrido‐Huéscar
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Margarita Segovia‐Roldán
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Aida Oliván‐Viguera
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Gorka Muñiz
- Department of Pathology San Jorge Hospital Huesca Spain
| | - Emiliano Diez
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU) CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Laura Ordovás
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
- ARAID Foundation Zaragoza Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Zaragoza Spain
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Wang X, Chen X, Xu H, Zhou S, Zheng Y, Keller BB, Cai L. Emerging roles of microRNA-208a in cardiology and reverse cardio-oncology. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2172-2194. [PMID: 33533026 DOI: 10.1002/med.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer, which are the leading causes of mortality globally, have been viewed as two distinct diseases. However, the fact that cancer and CVDs may coincide has been noted by cardiologists when taking care of patients with CVDs caused by cancer chemotherapy; this entity is designated cardio-oncology. More recently, patients with CVDs have also been found to have increased risk of cancers, termed reverse cardio-oncology. Although reverse cardio-oncology has been highlighted as an important disease state in recent studies, how the diseased heart affects cancer and the potential mediators of the crosstalk between CVDs and cancer are largely unknown. Here, we focus on the roles of cardiac-specific microRNA-208a (miR-208a) in cardiac and cancer biology and explore its essential roles in reverse cardio-oncology. Accumulating evidence has shown that within the heart, increased miR-208a promotes myocardial injury, arrhythmia, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction and that secreted miR-208a in the circulation may have novel roles in promoting tumor proliferation and invasion. This review, therefore, provides insights into the novel roles of miR-208a in reverse cardio-oncology and strategies to prevent secondary carcinogenesis in patients with early- or late-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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9
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Integrated transcriptomics and epigenomics reveal chamber-specific and species-specific characteristics of human and mouse hearts. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001229. [PMID: 34003819 PMCID: PMC8130971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression represent different levels information in biological process, but a comprehensive multiomics analysis of the mammalian heart is lacking. Here, we applied nucleosome occupancy and methylome sequencing, which detected DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility simultaneously, as well as RNA-seq, for multiomics analysis of the 4 chambers of adult and fetal human hearts, and adult mouse hearts. Our results showed conserved region-specific patterns in the mammalian heart at transcriptome and DNA methylation level. Adult and fetal human hearts showed distinct features in DNA methylome, chromatin accessibility, and transcriptome. Novel long noncoding RNAs were identified in the human heart, and the gene expression profiles of major cardiovascular diseases associated genes were displayed. Furthermore, cross-species comparisons revealed human-specific and mouse-specific differentially expressed genes between the atria and ventricles. We also reported the relationship among multiomics and found there was a bell-shaped relationship between gene-body methylation and expression in the human heart. In general, our study provided comprehensive spatiotemporal and evolutionary insights into the regulation of gene expression in the heart. Multi-omic analyses of the four chambers of the human and mouse heart, including transcriptome, DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility, reveals characteristic patterns of gene regulation at the level of heart regions.
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10
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The Impact of microRNAs in Renin-Angiotensin-System-Induced Cardiac Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094762. [PMID: 33946230 PMCID: PMC8124994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) indicates its central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular remodelling via both hemodynamic alterations and direct growth and the proliferation effects of angiotensin II or aldosterone resulting in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and inflammatory immune cell activation. The noncoding regulatory microRNAs has recently emerged as a completely novel approach to the study of the RAS. A growing number of microRNAs serve as mediators and/or regulators of RAS-induced cardiac remodelling by directly targeting RAS enzymes, receptors, signalling molecules, or inhibitors of signalling pathways. Specifically, microRNAs that directly modulate pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory signalling initiated by angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) stimulation are of particular relevance in mediating the cardiovascular effects of the RAS. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge in the field that is still in the early stage of preclinical investigation with occasionally conflicting reports. Understanding the big picture of microRNAs not only aids in the improved understanding of cardiac response to injury but also leads to better therapeutic strategies utilizing microRNAs as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and pharmacological targets.
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11
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Tijsen AJ, Cócera Ortega L, Reckman YJ, Zhang X, van der Made I, Aufiero S, Li J, Kamps SC, van den Bout A, Devalla HD, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Engelhardt S, Gepstein L, Ware JS, Pinto YM. Titin Circular RNAs Create a Back-Splice Motif Essential for SRSF10 Splicing. Circulation 2021; 143:1502-1512. [PMID: 33583186 PMCID: PMC8032209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: TTN (Titin), the largest protein in humans, forms the molecular spring that spans half of the sarcomere to provide passive elasticity to the cardiomyocyte. Mutations that disrupt the TTN transcript are the most frequent cause of hereditary heart failure. We showed before that TTN produces a class of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that depend on RBM20 to be formed. In this study, we show that the back-splice junction formed by this class of circRNAs creates a unique motif that binds SRSF10 to enable it to regulate splicing. Furthermore, we show that one of these circRNAs (cTTN1) distorts both localization of and splicing by RBM20. Methods: We calculated genetic constraint of the identified motif in 125 748 exomes collected from the gnomAD database. Furthermore, we focused on the highest expressed RBM20-dependent circRNA in the human heart, which we named cTTN1. We used shRNAs directed to the back-splice junction to induce selective loss of cTTN1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Results: Human genetics suggests reduced genetic tolerance of the generated motif, indicating that mutations in this motif might lead to disease. RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed binding of circRNAs with this motif to SRSF10. Selective loss of cTTN1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes induced structural abnormalities, apoptosis, and reduced contractile force in engineered heart tissue. In line with its SRSF10 binding, loss of cTTN1 caused abnormal splicing of important cardiomyocyte SRSF10 targets such as MEF2A and CASQ2. Strikingly, loss of cTTN1 also caused abnormal splicing of TTN itself. Mechanistically, we show that loss of cTTN1 distorts both localization of and splicing by RBM20. Conclusions: We demonstrate that circRNAs formed from the TTN transcript are essential for normal splicing of key muscle genes by enabling splice regulators RBM20 and SRSF10. This shows that the TTN transcript also has regulatory roles, besides its well-known signaling and structural function. In addition, we demonstrate that the specific sequence created by the back-splice junction of these circRNAs has important functions. This highlights the existence of functionally important sequences that cannot be recognized as such in the human genome but provides an as-yet unrecognized source for functional sequence variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Tijsen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucía Cócera Ortega
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolan J Reckman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK (X.Z., J.S.W.)
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Aufiero
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiuru Li
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (J.L., H.D.D.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selina C Kamps
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van den Bout
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (J.L., H.D.D.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Engelhardt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.E.).,Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.E.)
| | - Lior Gepstein
- The Sohnis Family Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (L.G.)
| | - James S Ware
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK (X.Z., J.S.W.)
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (A.J.T., L.C.O., Y.J.R., I.v.d.M., S.A., S.C.K., A.v.d.B., Y.M.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gong L, Jiang H, Qiu G, Sun K. miR-208a Promotes Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes by Targeting GATA4. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2021. [DOI: 10.32604/chd.2021.015831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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13
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Liu C, Lai Y, Ying S, Zhan J, Shen Y. Plasma exosome-derived microRNAs expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis under cross-talk between increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and ATP-sensitive potassium channels variant rs1799858. J Transl Med 2020; 18:459. [PMID: 33272292 PMCID: PMC7713329 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosome-derived microRNAs (exo-miRs) as messengers play important roles, in the cross-talk between genetic [ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) genetic variant rs1799858] and environmental [elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level] factors, but the plasma exo-miRs expression profile and its role in biological processes from genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Methods A total of 14 subjects with increased LDL-C serum levels (≥ 1.8 mmol/L) were enrolled in the study. The KATP rs1799858 was genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY system. The plasma exo-miRs expression profile was identified by next-generation sequencing. Results 64 exo-miRs were significantly differentially expressed (DE), among which 44 exo-miRs were up-regulated and 20 exo-miRs were down-regulated in those subjects carrying T-allele (TT + CT) of rs1799858 compared to those carrying CC genotype. The top 20 up-regulated DE-exo-miRs were miR-378 family, miR-320 family, miR-208 family, miR-483-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-490-3p, miR-6515-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-6807-5p, miR-497-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-3611 and miR-126-5p. The top 20 down-regulated DE-exo-miRs were let-7 family, miR-221/222 family, miR-619-5p, miR-6780a-5p, miR-641, miR-200a-5p, miR-581, miR-605-3p, miR-548ar-3p, miR-135a-3p, miR-451b, miR-509-3-5p, miR-4664-3p and miR-224-5p. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were subsequently implemented to identify the top 10 DE-exo-miRs related specific target genes and signaling pathways. Only 5 DE-exo-miRs were validated by qRT-PCR as follows: miR-31-5p, miR-378d, miR-619-5p, miR-320a-3p and let-7a-5p (all P < 0.05). Conclusion These results firstly indicated the plasma exo-miRs expression profile bridging the link between genotype (KATP rs1799858) and phenotype (higher LDL-C serum level), these 5 DE-exo-miRs may be potential target intermediates for molecular intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Songsong Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Junfang Zhan
- Department of Health Management Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
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14
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Genetics and Epigenetics of Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165717. [PMID: 32784971 PMCID: PMC7460853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be the most common supraventricular arrhythmia affecting up to 1% of the general population. Its prevalence exponentially increases with age and could reach up to 8% in the elderly population. The management of AF is a complex issue that is addressed by extensive ongoing basic and clinical research. AF centers around different types of disturbances, including ion channel dysfunction, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and structural remodeling. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered over 100 genetic loci associated with AF. Most of these loci point to ion channels, distinct cardiac-enriched transcription factors, as well as to other regulatory genes. Recently, the discovery of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, involving non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), DNA methylation, and histone modification, has allowed to decipher how a normal heart develops and which modifications are involved in reshaping the processes leading to arrhythmias. This review aims to provide a current state of the field regarding the identification and functional characterization of AF-related epigenetic regulatory networks
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15
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Das S, Shah R, Dimmeler S, Freedman JE, Holley C, Lee JM, Moore K, Musunuru K, Wang DZ, Xiao J, Yin KJ. Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge, Tools and Technologies for Investigation, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e000062. [DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The discovery that much of the non–protein-coding genome is transcribed and plays a diverse functional role in fundamental cellular processes has led to an explosion in the development of tools and technologies to investigate the role of these noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular health. Furthermore, identifying noncoding RNAs for targeted therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease is an emerging area of research. The purpose of this statement is to review existing literature, offer guidance on tools and technologies currently available to study noncoding RNAs, and identify areas of unmet need.
Methods:
The writing group used systematic literature reviews (including MEDLINE, Web of Science through 2018), expert opinion/statements, analyses of databases and computational tools/algorithms, and review of current clinical trials to provide a broad consensus on the current state of the art in noncoding RNA in cardiovascular disease.
Results:
Significant progress has been made since the initial studies focusing on the role of miRNAs (microRNAs) in cardiovascular development and disease. Notably, recent progress on understanding the role of novel types of noncoding small RNAs such as snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs), tRNA (transfer RNA) fragments, and Y-RNAs in cellular processes has revealed a noncanonical function for many of these molecules. Similarly, the identification of long noncoding RNAs that appear to play an important role in cardiovascular disease processes, coupled with the development of tools to characterize their interacting partners, has led to significant mechanistic insight. Finally, recent work has characterized the unique role of extracellular RNAs in mediating intercellular communication and their potential role as biomarkers.
Conclusions:
The rapid expansion of tools and pipelines for isolating, measuring, and annotating these entities suggests that caution in interpreting results is warranted until these methodologies are rigorously validated. Most investigators have focused on investigating the functional role of single RNA entities, but studies suggest complex interaction between different RNA molecules. The use of network approaches and advanced computational tools to understand the interaction of different noncoding RNA species to mediate a particular phenotype may be required to fully comprehend the function of noncoding RNAs in mediating disease phenotypes.
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16
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Li DM, Li BX, Yang LJ, Gao P, Ma ZY, Li ZJ. Diagnostic value of circulating microRNA-208a in differentiation of preserved from reduced ejection fraction heart failure. Heart Lung 2020; 50:71-74. [PMID: 32711895 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no satisfactory answer on the specific biomarker that might be used in differentiating heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), allowing for inadequacy of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate the value of microRNA-208a in diagnosing HFrEF patients. METHODS We included 120 HF patients and 60 healthy volunteers. Diagnostic values of NT-proBNP and miR-208a for HF patients versus controls and HFrEF versus HFpEF were described by area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS HFrEF patients had significantly higher miR-208a level (p<0.001). As for diagnosing HFrEF patients, additional use of miR-208a and NT-proBNP yielded a significantly higher AUC than NT-proBNP alone (0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90 vs. 0.73, 95% CI 0.64-0.82) and the sensitivity and specificity were raised to 68.0% and 90.2%. CONCLUSION Use of miR-208a in combination with NT-proBNP may allow a more reliable method in diagnosing HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Li
- Department of Physical Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Bin-Xin Li
- Operating Room, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Outpatient of General Internal Medicine, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Emergency Department, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Ma
- Department of Physical Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Zhong-Juan Li
- Emergency Department, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China.
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17
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Ballard D, Winkler-Galicki J, Wesoły J. Massive parallel sequencing in forensics: advantages, issues, technicalities, and prospects. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1291-1303. [PMID: 32451905 PMCID: PMC7295846 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, alternatively massive parallel sequencing (MPS), was applied to all fields of biological research. Its introduction to the field of forensics was slower, mainly due to lack of accredited sequencers, kits, and relatively higher sequencing error rates as compared with standardized Sanger sequencing. Currently, a majority of the problematic issues have been solved, which is proven by the body of reports in the literature. Here, we discuss the utility of NGS sequencing in forensics, emphasizing the advantages, issues, the technical aspects of the experiments, commercial solutions, and the potentially interesting applications of MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ballard
- King's Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Jakub Winkler-Galicki
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz, University Poznan, 6 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoły
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz, University Poznan, 6 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Kmecova Z, Veteskova J, Lelkova-Zirova K, Bies Pivackova L, Doka G, Malikova E, Paulis L, Krenek P, Klimas J. Disease severity-related alterations of cardiac microRNAs in experimental pulmonary hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6943-6951. [PMID: 32395887 PMCID: PMC7299706 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is the primary cause of death in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that heart‐relevant microRNAs, that is myomiRs (miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐208, miR‐499) and miR‐214, can have a role in the right ventricle in the development of PAH. To mimic PAH, male Wistar rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg, s.c.); control group received vehicle. MCT rats were divided into two groups, based on the clinical presentation: MCT group terminated 4 weeks after MCT administration and prematurely terminated group (ptMCT) displaying signs of terminal disease. Myocardial damage genes and candidate microRNAs expressions were determined by RT‐qPCR. Reduced blood oxygen saturation, breathing disturbances, RV enlargement as well as elevated levels of markers of myocardial damage confirmed PH in MCT animals and were more pronounced in ptMCT. MyomiRs (miR‐1/miR‐133a/miR‐208a/miR‐499) were decreased and the expression of miR‐214 was increased only in ptMCT group (P < 0.05). The myomiRs negatively correlated with Fulton index as a measure of RV hypertrophy in MCT group (P < 0.05), whereas miR‐214 showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05). We conclude that the expression of determined microRNAs mirrored the disease severity and targeting their pathways might represent potential future therapeutic approach in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kmecova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Veteskova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Lelkova-Zirova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Bies Pivackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Doka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Malikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Paulis
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Aufiero S, Reckman YJ, Tijsen AJ, Pinto YM, Creemers EE. circRNAprofiler: an R-based computational framework for the downstream analysis of circular RNAs. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:164. [PMID: 32349660 PMCID: PMC7191743 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly appreciated class of non-coding RNA molecules. Numerous tools have been developed for the detection of circRNAs, however computational tools to perform downstream functional analysis of circRNAs are scarce. Results We present circRNAprofiler, an R-based computational framework that runs after circRNAs have been identified. It allows to combine circRNAs detected by multiple publicly available annotation-based circRNA detection tools and to analyze their expression, genomic context, evolutionary conservation, biogenesis and putative functions. Conclusions Overall, the circRNA analysis workflow implemented by circRNAprofiler is highly automated and customizable, and the results of the analyses can be used as starting point for further investigation in the role of specific circRNAs in any physiological or pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Aufiero
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yolan J Reckman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke J Tijsen
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Cassani M, Fernandes S, Vrbsky J, Ergir E, Cavalieri F, Forte G. Combining Nanomaterials and Developmental Pathways to Design New Treatments for Cardiac Regeneration: The Pulsing Heart of Advanced Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:323. [PMID: 32391340 PMCID: PMC7193099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research for heart therapies is challenged by the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the adult heart. Moreover, it has been hampered by the poor results obtained by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine attempts at generating functional beating constructs able to integrate with the host tissue. For this reason, organ transplantation remains the elective treatment for end-stage heart failure, while novel strategies aiming to promote cardiac regeneration or repair lag behind. The recent discovery that adult cardiomyocytes can be ectopically induced to enter the cell cycle and proliferate by a combination of microRNAs and cardioprotective drugs, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants and anti-platelets agents, fueled the quest for new strategies suited to foster cardiac repair. While proposing a revolutionary approach for heart regeneration, these studies raised serious issues regarding the efficient controlled delivery of the therapeutic cargo, as well as its timely removal or metabolic inactivation from the site of action. Especially, there is need for innovative treatment because of evidence of severe side effects caused by pleiotropic drugs. Biocompatible nanoparticles possess unique physico-chemical properties that have been extensively exploited for overcoming the limitations of standard medical therapies. Researchers have put great efforts into the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesis and functionalization, to control their interactions with the biological milieu and use as a viable alternative to traditional approaches. Nanoparticles can be used for diagnosis and deliver therapies in a personalized and targeted fashion. Regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nanoparticles-based strategies have provided very promising outcomes, in preclinical studies, during the last years. Efficient encapsulation of a large variety of cargos, specific release at the desired site and improvement of cardiac function are some of the main achievements reached so far by nanoparticle-based treatments in animal models. This work offers an overview on the recent nanomedical applications for cardiac regeneration and highlights how the versatility of nanomaterials can be combined with the newest molecular biology discoveries to advance cardiac regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ece Ergir
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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21
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Ma J, Tong HF, Lin JH, Chen FN, Wu CX, Cao CZ, Wu J, Hu SQ. miR-208b-5p inhibits invasion of non-small cell lung cancer through the STAT3 pathway by targeting interleukin-9. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:299-307. [PMID: 32565956 PMCID: PMC7285925 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported a dysregulation of micro (mi)R-208b-5p expression level in various types of human cancer; however, the role of miR-208-5p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether miR-208b-5p could regulate NSCLC progression. A total of 62 pairs of primary tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from patients with NSCLC. miR-208b-5p expression level was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, miR-208b-5p mimics was transfected into NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells in order to upregulate miR-208b-5p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to investigate the associations between miR-208b-5p and IL9 mRNA. The results demonstrated that miR-208b-5p expression decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, miR-208b-5p overexpression inhibited A549 and H1299 cell proliferation and invasiveness. miR-208b-5p was demonstrated to bind directly to the 3' untranslated region of interleukin-9 (IL-9) and therefore decreased its expression. In the NSCLC-derived cell lines, miR-208b-5p inactivated IL-9/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Furthermore, enhanced IL-9 level decreased the miR-208b-5p-mediated suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NSCLC cells by inactivating the STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings from this study demonstrated that miR-208b-5p inhibited migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. The anti-tumor activity of miR-208b-5p may be mediated by IL-9 and STAT-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Feng Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Huan Lin
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Nan Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Can-Xing Wu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhang Cao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qiao Hu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Longyan City, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
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Comprehensive Overview of Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:197-211. [PMID: 32285413 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac development in the human embryo is characterized by the interactions of several transcription and growth factors leading the heart from a primordial linear tube into a synchronous contractile four-chamber organ. Studies on cardiogenesis showed that cell proliferation, differentiation, fate specification and morphogenesis are spatiotemporally coordinated by cell-cell interactions and intracellular signalling cross-talks. In recent years, research has focused on a class of inter- and intra-cellular modulators called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcribed from the noncoding portion of the DNA and involved in the proper formation of the heart. In this chapter, we will summarize the current state of the art on the roles of three major forms of ncRNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] in orchestrating the four sequential phases of cardiac organogenesis.
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Sun X. The functions of microRNA-208 in the heart. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:108004. [PMID: 31911250 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major chronic complication of obesity and diabetes. Due to several patients with obesity and diabetes, it is necessary to urgently explore early diagnostic biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies to prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, microRNAs (also known as miRNAs) have emerged as important players in heart disease and energy regulation. MiRNAs are a group of small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by suppressing the translation of messenger RNA of target genes or by promoting mRNA degradation. These act as a class of potential biomarkers and may provide key information in diagnosing common diseases such as tumors, tissue damage, and autoimmune diseases. Among all the known miRNAs, microRNA-208 (miR-208) is specifically expressed in myocardial cells and showed close association with the development of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-208 in heart are still unclear. In this review, we highlighted the novel insights of miR-208 functions and associated mechanisms in the regulation of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Outpatient Clinic, ShanDong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, ShanDong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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24
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Kapodistrias N, Theocharopoulou G, Vlamos P. A Hypothesis of Circulating MicroRNAs' Implication in High Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1196:1-9. [PMID: 32468302 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32637-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that control posttranscriptional gene expression and are present in tissues cells but also circulate in biological fluids in various forms (exosome, connected with proteins, apoptotic bodies, etc.). The roles that circulated extracellular serum microRNAs possess in cancer development, like in the delivery from a recipient cell to distant tissues and the repression of host genes resulting in the impairment of critical functions, are still undetermined. Disturbances, such as the higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in cancer patients, could be analyzed in the frame of suppressive action of circulated microRNAs in genes that control cardiac conduction in atrium. More precisely, mir-21 overexpression in tissues promotes atrium fibrosis and impairs conductibility. A possible hypothesis is that the high levels of circulating microRNA in cancer may exert the same effect. Further experiments are necessary to corroborate the hypothesis.
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25
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Kakimoto Y, Matsushima Y, Tanaka M, Hayashi H, Wang T, Yokoyama K, Ochiai E, Osawa M. MicroRNA profiling of gastric content from breast-fed and formula-fed infants to estimate last feeding: a pilot study. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:903-909. [PMID: 31832755 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we were consulted about a challenging case, where an infant died by poisoning and the drug-dependent mother insisted that she unintentionally gave the toxic drug through breast milk. Accordingly, we investigated the utility of immunoblotting and microRNA (miRNA) profiling of the infant's gastric content (GC) to differentiate between breast-feeding and formula-feeding. As a pilot study, we sampled the GC from breast-fed (GCB) and formula-fed (GCF) infants, as well as gastric juice (GJ) from fasted adults at autopsy. Breast milk (BM) samples were collected from volunteers within 1 year post-delivery. By immunoblotting, lactoferrin and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDEP) were clearly detected in BM, but could not be detected in GCB. Similarly, β-lactoglobulin was detected in formula milk, but could not be detected in GCF. Meanwhile, miRNA sequencing revealed that the miRNA expression profile of GCB was closer to BM than GCF and GJ. Especially, miR-151a and miR-186 were more abundant in BM and GCB than in GCF and GJ. Our study is the first to elucidate the human GJ miRNA profile and demonstrate the possibility that miR-151a and miR-186 in GC may be the biomarker of breast-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Matsushima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ting Wang
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yokoyama
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Ochiai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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26
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Shen NN, Zhang C, Li Z, Kong LC, Wang XH, Gu ZC, Wang JL. MicroRNA expression signatures of atrial fibrillation: The critical systematic review and bioinformatics analysis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:42-53. [PMID: 31766887 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219890303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures and atrial fibrillation has been evaluated with inconsistent findings in different studies. This study aims to identify miRNAs that actually play vital role in pathophysiological process of atrial fibrillation and explore miRNA-targeted genes and the involved pathways. Relevant studies were retrieved from the electronic databases of Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library to determine the miRNA expression profiles between atrial fibrillation subjects and non-atrial fibrillation controls. Robustness of results was assessed using sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on species, miRNA detection method, sample source, and ethnicity. Quality assessment of studies was independently conducted according to QUADAS-2. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to explore the potential genes and pathways associated with atrial fibrillation, which were targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs. Form of pooled results was shown as log10 odds ratios (logORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and random-effects model was used. In total, 40 articles involving 283 differentially expressed miRNAs were reported. And 51 significantly dysregulated miRNAs were identified in consistent direction, with 22 upregulated and 29 downregulated. Among above-mentioned miRNAs, miR-223-3p (logOR 6.473; P < 0.001) was the most upregulated, while miR-1-5p (logOR 7.290; P < 0.001) was the most downregulated. Subgroup analysis confirmed 53 significantly dysregulated miRNAs (21 upregulated and 32 downregulated) in cardiac tissue, with miRNA-1-5p and miRNA-223-3p being the most upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively. Additionally, miR-328 and miR-1-5p were highly blood-specific, and miR-133 was animal-specific. In the detection method sub-groups, miRNA-29b and miRNA-223-3p were differentially expressed consistently. Four miRNAs, including miRNA-223-3p, miRNA-21, miRNA-328, and miRNA-1-5p, were consistently dysregulated in both Asian and non-Asian. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that 47 out of 51 (92.16%) miRNAs were dysregulated consistently. Totally, 51 consistently dysregulated miRNAs associated with atrial fibrillation were confirmed in this study. Five important miRNAs, including miR-29b, miR-328, miR-1-5p, miR-21, and miR-223-3p may act as potential biomarkers for atrial fibrillation. Impact statement Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered as the most common arrhythmia, and it subsequently causes serious complications including thrombosis and heart failure that increase the social burden. The definite mechanisms underlying AF pathogenesis remain complicated and unclear. Many studies attempted to discover the transcriptomic changes using microarray technologies, and the present studies for this hot topic have assessed individual miRNAs profiles for AF. However, results of different articles are controversial and not each reported miRNA is actually associated with the pathogenesis of AF. The present systematic review and meta-analysis identified that 51 consistently dysregulated miRNAs were associated with AF. Of these miRNAs, five miRNAs (miRNA-1-5p, miRNA-328, miRNA-29b, miRNA-21, and miRNA-223-3p) may act as novel biomarkers for AF. The findings could offer a better description of the biological characteristics of miRNAs, meanwhile might serve as new target for the intervention and monitoring AF in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shao Xing 312000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jia-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shao Xing 312000, China
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D’Souza A, Trussell T, Morris GM, Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR. Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes: Basic Mechanisms and New Directions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:314-326. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes are prone to supraventricular rhythm disturbances including sinus bradycardia, heart block, and atrial fibrillation. Mechanistically, this is attributed to high vagal tone and cardiac electrical and structural remodeling. Here, we consider the supporting evidence for these three pro-arrhythmic mechanisms in athletic human cohorts and animal models, featuring current controversies, emerging data, and future directions of relevance to the translational research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D’Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Trussell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym M. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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28
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Lindberg T, Forreryd A, Bergendorff O, Lindstedt M, Zeller KS. In vitro assessment of mechanistic events induced by structurally related chemical rubber sensitizers. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:144-153. [PMID: 31082492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common forms of immunotoxicity, and increased understanding of how chemicals trigger these adverse reactions is needed in order to treat or design testing strategies to identify and subsequently avoid exposure to such substances. In this study, we investigated the cellular response induced by rubber chemicals in a dendritic cell (DC) model, focusing on the structurally similar chemicals diethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide and dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide, with regard to regulation of microRNA, and messenger RNA expression. Only a few miRNAs were found to be commonly regulated by both rubber chemicals, among them miR1973, while the overall miRNA expression profiles were diverse. Similarly, out of approximately 500 differentially regulated transcripts for each chemical, about 60% overlapped, while remaining were unique. The pathways predicted to be enriched in the cell model by stimulation with the rubber chemicals were linked to immunological events, relevant in the context of ACD. These results suggest that small structural differences can trigger specific activation of the immune system in response to chemicals. The here presented mechanistic data can be valuable in explaining the immunotoxicological events in DC activation after exposure to skin sensitizing chemicals, and can contribute to understanding, preventing and treating ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lindberg
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andy Forreryd
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kathrin S Zeller
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Wang X, Yang C, Liu X, Yang P. Ghrelin Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Apoptosis: Impact of the miR-208 Family. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6707-6716. [PMID: 30244257 PMCID: PMC6178878 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a novel peptide with abundant cardioprotective effects. The miR-208 family, consisting of cardiac-specifically expressed microRNAs, are not only involved in hypertrophy and fibrosis, but are also closely related with myocyte apoptosis. This study explored the role of the miR-208 family in the protective effect of ghrelin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS H9c2 cells were exposed to Ang II with or without ghrelin. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the percentage of apoptotic cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. miRNAs expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Then, cells transfected with miR-208 negative control, mimics, and inhibitors were treated with Ang II and ghrelin, followed by flow cytometry. PCR array was performed to explore the pathways affected by miR-208. RESULTS The miR-208 level was reduced in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells, accompanied with increased cell apoptosis, which were both reversed by ghrelin administration. Flow cytometry revealed that miR-208 inhibitors clearly upregulated the apoptotic percentage, whereas miR-208 mimics showed the opposite effects in the Ang II group. miR-208a further alleviated apoptosis when treated with ghrelin. miR-208 mainly affected caspase, inflammatory-related genes, and several signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS We provide new evidence that the miR-208 family is regulated by Ang II and ghrelin. Overexpression of miR-208 family alleviated Ang II-induced cell apoptosis and miR-208a assisted in the protective effect of ghrelin. Several apoptosis pathways affected by miR-208 family were found. These findings suggest the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the protective mechanism of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiololgy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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30
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Zhou YL, Sun Q, Zhang L, Li R. miR-208b targets Bax to protect H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1751-1759. [PMID: 30119250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-208 family members have been considered as promising biomarkers in myocardial infarction (MI). Among which, miR-208a and miR-499 are reported to function as ischemic injury promoting miRNAs. This study aimed to explore the in vitro function of miR-208b in MI, which has not been widely studied. METHODS RT-qPCR was conducted to measure the expression changes of miR-208b in MI patients, MI mouse model and H9c2 cells stimulated by hypoxia. H9c2 cells were subjected to hypoxia before which miR-208b expression was altered by transfection. CCK-8, flow cytometry and Western blot were performed to detect cell survival. Besides, the regulatory relationship between miR-208b, Bax, and PI3K/AKT was tested by luciferase reporter, RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Serum levels of miR-208b in MI patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. Also, miR-208b was up-regulated in mouse model and cell model of MI. Overexpression of miR-208b protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis, as the viability was increased, apoptosis rate was decreased, Bax and Cytochrome c were down-regulated, and Bcl-2 was up-regulated. Bax was a target gene of miR-208b. And miR-208b could not protect H9c2 cells when Bax was overexpressed. More interestingly, miR-208b activated PI3K/AKT pathway via targeting Bax, and the activated PI3K/AKT pathway could further repress Bax expression. Finally, blocking PI3K/AKT pathway by using LY294002 eliminated the myocardioprotective effects of miR-208b. CONCLUSION miR-208b is highly expressed during MI, and miR-208b protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. miR-208b exerts myocardioprotective effect via targeting Bax and activating PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhou
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Rui Li
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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31
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with pronounced morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence, expected to further increase for the forthcoming years, and associated frequent hospitalizations turn AF into a major health problem. Structural and electrical atrial remodelling underlie the substrate for AF, but the exact mechanisms driving this remodelling remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNA), short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, may be involved in the pathophysiology of AF. MiRNAs have been implicated in AF-induced ion channel remodelling and fibrosis. MiRNAs could therefore provide insight into AF pathophysiology or become novel targets for therapy with miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs. Moreover, circulating miRNAs have been suggested as a new class of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of AF. However, the origin and function of miRNAs in tissue and plasma frequently remain unknown and studies investigating the role of miRNAs in AF vary in design and focus and even present contradicting results. Here, we provide a systematic review of the available clinical and functional studies investigating the tissue and plasma miRNAs in AF and will thereafter discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets in AF.
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32
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Kakimoto Y, Tanaka M, Hayashi H, Yokoyama K, Osawa M. Overexpression of miR-221 in sudden death with cardiac hypertrophy patients. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00639. [PMID: 30009269 PMCID: PMC6041564 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac hypertrophy is a well-known risk factor for heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). On the other hand, physiological cardiac hypertrophy is often observed in young healthy men, and it is difficult to predict SCD in cardiac hypertrophy subjects who do not show symptoms of heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) widely regulate biological activity and play pivotal roles in heart failure progression. In this study, we investigated whether miRNA expression is altered in SCD with cardiac hypertrophy (SCH). Methods Cardiac tissues were sampled at autopsy from SCH patients, compensated cardiac hypertrophy (CCH) subjects who died of causes other than heart failure, and control cases without cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. After histopathological examination, we performed deep sequencing and quantitative PCR of cardiac miRNAs. Results and discussion Although SCH and CCH showed indistinguishable histological features, their miRNA expression signatures were distinct. Among the 240 miRNAs stably detected in the heart, 8 were differentially expressed between SCH and CCH. Specifically, miR-221 increased in SCH compared to CCH and control cases. The significant elevation of cardiac miR-221 in SCH patients is correlated with lethal outcomes. Thus, our results indicate that an elevated miR-221 level is potentially associated with an increased risk of SCD in subjects with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yokoyama
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Down-regulation of miR-133a/b in patients with myocardial infarction correlates with the presence of ventricular fibrillation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:65-71. [PMID: 29324314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of physiologic and pathologic conditions of the heart. Animal models of heart diseases have shown that miRNAs may contribute to the development of arrhythmias. However, little is known about the expression of muscle- and cardiac-specific miRNAs in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) who have developed ventricular fibrillation (VF). Our study included 47 patients who had died from myocardial infarction (MI), 23 with clinically proven VF and 24 without VF. Autopsy samples of infarcted tissue and remote myocardium were available (n = 94). Heart tissue from 8 healthy trauma victims was included as control. Expression of miR-1, miR-133a/b and miR-208 was analyzed using real-time PCR (qPCR). In patients with MI with VF, we observed down-regulation of miR-133a/b, and this down-regulation was even stronger 2-7 days after MI. miR-208 was up-regulated in remote myocardium irrespective of the presence of VF. Deregulation of miR-1 and miR-208 was not related to the presence of VF. Our results suggest that down-regulation of miR-133a/b might contribute to the development of VF in patients with MI. However, up-regulation of miR-1 and miR-208 in remote myocardium might play a role in cardiac remodeling after MI, at least to certain degree.
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34
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Barwari T, Joshi A, Mayr M. MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2577-2584. [PMID: 27931616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are in the spotlight as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. More than 1,000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome. In this review, we provide an introduction to miRNA biology and research methodology, and highlight advances in cardiovascular research to date. This includes the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cardiac and vascular disease, and their use as novel biomarkers. Although some miRNA therapies are already undergoing clinical evaluation, we stress the importance of integrating current knowledge of miRNA biology into a systemic context. Discovery studies focus on miRNA effects within one specific organ, whereas the expression of most miRNAs is not restricted to a single tissue. Because most miRNA-based therapies act systemically, this may preclude widespread clinical use. The development of more targeted interventions will bolster well-informed clinical applications, increasing the chances of success and minimizing the risk of setbacks for miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temo Barwari
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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35
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Schulte C, Karakas M, Zeller T. microRNAs in cardiovascular disease - clinical application. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:687-704. [PMID: 27914211 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known, powerful regulators of gene expression, and their potential to serve as circulating biomarkers is widely accepted. In cardiovascular disease (CVD), numerous studies have suggested miRNAs as strong circulating biomarkers with high diagnostic as well as prognostic power. In coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), miRNAs have been suggested as reliable biomarkers matching up to established protein-based such as cardiac troponins (cT) or natriuretic peptides. Also, in other CVD entities, miRNAs were identified as surprisingly specific biomarkers - with great potential for clinical applicability, especially in those entities that lack specific protein-based biomarkers such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute pulmonary embolism (APE). In this regard, miRNA signatures, comprising a set of miRNAs, yield high sensitivity and specificity. Attempts to utilize miRNAs as therapeutic agents have led to promising results. In this article, we review the clinical applicability of circulating miRNAs in CVD. We are giving an overview of miRNAs as biomarkers in numerous CVD entities to depict the variety of their potential clinical deployment. We illustrate the function of miRNAs by means of single miRNA examples in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulte
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Mahir Karakas
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg
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Zhang D, Li Y, Liu S, Wang YC, Guo F, Zhai Q, Jiang J, Ying H. microRNA and thyroid hormone signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:14. [PMID: 28331574 PMCID: PMC5359910 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays critical roles in the differentiation, growth, metabolism, and physiological function of all organs or tissues, including heart and skeletal muscle. Due to the significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie TH action, it's widely accepted that TH signaling is regulated at multiple levels. A growing number of discoveries suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) act as fine-tune regulators of gene expression and adds sophisticated regulatory tiers to signaling pathways. Recently, some pioneering studies in cardiac and skeletal muscle demonstrating the interplay between miRNAs and TH signaling suggest that miRNAs might mediate and/or modulate TH signaling. This review presents recent advances involving the crosstalk between miRNAs and TH signaling and current evidence showing the importance of miRNA in TH signaling with particular emphasis on the study of muscle-specific miRNAs (myomiRs) in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Although the research of the reciprocal regulation of miRNAs and TH signaling is only at the beginning stage, it has already contributed to our current understanding of both TH action and miRNA biology. We also encourage further investigations to address the relative contributions of miRNAs in TH signaling under physiological and pathological conditions and how a group of miRNAs are coordinated to integrate into the complex hierarchical regulatory network of TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Room A1912, New Life Science Building, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Fehlmann T, Ludwig N, Backes C, Meese E, Keller A. Distribution of microRNA biomarker candidates in solid tissues and body fluids. RNA Biol 2016; 13:1084-1088. [PMID: 27687236 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1234658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are discussed as promising biomarkers for a substantial number of human pathologies. A broad understanding in which solid tissues, cell types or body fluids a microRNA is expressed helps also to understand and to improve the suitability of miRNAs as non- or minimally-invasive disease markers. We recently reported the Human miRNA Tissue Atlas ( http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/tissueatlas ) containing 105 miRNA profiles of 31 organs from 2 corpses. We subsequently added miRNA profiles measured by others and us using the same array technology as for the first version of the Human miRNA Tissue Atlas. The latter profiles stem from 163 solid organs including lung, prostate and gastric tissue, from 253 whole blood samples and 66 fractioned blood cell isolates, from body fluids including 72 serum samples, 278 plasma samples, 29 urine samples, and 16 saliva samples and from different collection and storage conditions. While most miRNAs are ubiquitous abundant in solid tissues and whole blood, we also identified miRNAs that are rather specific for tissues. Our web-based repository now hosting 982 full miRNomes all of which are measured by the same microarray technology. The knowledge of these variant abundances of miRNAs in solid tissues, in whole blood and in other body fluids is essential to judge the value of miRNAs as biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fehlmann
- a Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- b Department of Human Genetics , Saarland University , Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- a Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- b Department of Human Genetics , Saarland University , Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- a Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Germany
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