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Iba T, Helms J, Levi M, Levy JH. Inflammation, coagulation, and cellular injury in heat-induced shock. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:463-473. [PMID: 36609608 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of heatstroke victims hit record numbers in 2022 as global warming continues. In heat-induced injuries, circulatory shock is the most severe and deadly complication. This review aims to examine the mechanisms and potential approaches to heat-induced shock and the life-threatening complications of heatstroke. METHODS A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed database and Web of Science database for published articles concerning heatstroke, shock, inflammation, coagulopathy, endothelial cell, cell death, and heat shock proteins. RESULTS Dehydration and heat-induced cardiomyopathy were reported as the major causes of heat-induced shock, although other heat-induced injuries are also involved in the pathogenesis of circulatory shock. In addition to dehydration, the blood volume decreases considerably due to the increased vascular permeability as a consequence of endothelial damage. Systemic inflammation is induced by factors that include elevated cytokine and chemokine levels, dysregulated coagulation/fibrinolytic responses, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from necrotic cell death that cause distributive shock. The cytoprotective heat shock proteins can also facilitate circulatory disturbance under excess heat stress. CONCLUSIONS Multiple mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of heat-induced shock. In addition to dehydration, heat stress-induced cardiomyopathy due to the thermal damage of mitochondria, upregulated inflammation via damage-associated molecular patterns released from oncotic cells, unbalanced coagulation/fibrinolysis, and endothelial damage are the major factors that are related to circulatory shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Julie Helms
- Medical Intensive Care Unit-NHC, Strasbourg University (UNISTRA) Strasbourg University Hospital INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cardio-Metabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC, London, UK
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Chao CM, Wang LY, Huang CC, Chang WT, Tang LY, Lin MT, Chang CP. Myocardial structure and functional alterations in a preclinical model of exertional heat stroke. Life Sci 2023; 323:121640. [PMID: 37004732 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Relatively little information is available about the effect of an acute exertional heat stroke (EHS) on myocardium structure and function. Herein, we used a survival male rat model of EHS to answer the question. MAIN METHODS Adult male Wistar rats underwent forced treadmill running at a 36 °C room temperature and 50 % relative humidity until EHS onset, characterized by hyperthermia and collapse. All rats that were followed for 14 days survived. Injury severity scores of both gastrocnemius and myocardium were determined histologically. Following an EHS event, pathological echocardiography, skeletal muscle and myocardial damage scores and indicators, myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, and autophagy were elucidated. KEY FINDINGS Rats with EHS onset displayed skeletal muscle damage, elevated serum levels of skeletal muscle indicators (e.g., creatinine kinase, myoglobin, and potassium) and myocardial injury indicators (e.g., cardiac troponin I, creatinine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) returning to homeostasis within 3 days post-EHS. However, EHS-induced myocardial damage, pathological echocardiography, myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, and deposited misfolded proteins lasted up to 14 days post-EHS at least. SIGNIFICANCE First, we provide evidence to confirm that despite the apparent return to homeostasis, underlying processes may still be ongoing after EHS onset. Second, we provide several key findings emphasizing the pathophysiology and risk factors of EHS, highlighting gaps in knowledge with the aim of stimulating future studies.
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Li S, Ma J, Pang X, Liang Y, Li X, Wang M, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. Time-dependent Effects of Moderate- and High-intensity Exercises on Myocardial Transcriptomics. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1214-1225. [PMID: 36063823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly adaptable organ that responds to changes in functional requirements due to exposure to internal and external stimuli. Physical exercise has unique stimulatory effects on the myocardium in both healthy individuals and those with health disorders, where the effects are primarily determined by the intensity and recovery time of exercise. We investigated the time-dependent effects of different exercise intensities on myocardial transcriptional expression in rats. Moderate intensity exercise induced more differentially expressed genes in the myocardium than high intensity exercise, while 16 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated by moderate intensity exercise but up-regulated by high intensity exercise at 12 h post- exercise. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that moderate intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to heart adaptation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, while high intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there was increased expression of Tbx5, Casq1, Igsf1, and Ddah1 at all time points after moderate intensity exercise, while there was increased expression of Card9 at all time points after high intensity exercise. Our study provides a better understanding of the intensity dependent effects of physical exercise of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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4
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Lin X, Lin CH, Liu R, Li C, Jiao S, Yi X, Walker MJ, Xu XM, Zhao T, Huang PC, Sun G. Myricetin against myocardial injury in rat heat stroke model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110194. [PMID: 32371315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke-induced mortality is rising across the globe. So, the design of prophylactic and/or therapeutic modalities for heat stroke is pressing need. The common plant derived flavonoid exhibits strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its effects in heat stroke remain unknown. The study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of myricetin on heat stroke induced acute myocardial injury as well as lethality in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial injury was induced by subjecting the anesthetized rats to a high ambient temperature of 43 °C for 70 min. An intragastrical dose of myricetin (5-25 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats once per day for one week prior to the start of heat stress. Heat shock protein 72 antibodies was given intraperitoneally to rats 24 h before the start of heat stress. Myocardial injury severity was estimated by determing myocardial damage scores, myocardial injury indicators, myocardial oxidative and inflammatory factors. Western blot analysis was used for cardiac expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation of HSP-72 after chronic administration of myricetin coincided with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in hyperthermia, hypotension, cardiac inflammatory and oxidative damage and lethality. Inhibition of HSP-72 showed a significant (P < 0.05) reversal in the cardiaprotection as well as survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that myricetin diminishes myocardial injury as well as lethality in heat stroke by up-regulating HSP-72 and show promise as a novel prevention therapeutic for heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuxin Jiao
- Department of Neuroscience, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - M J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tingbao Zhao
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Po-Chang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China.
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Ko WC, Lin CH, Lee JJ, Chang CP, Chao CM. Therapeutic Hypothermia Protects Against Heat Stroke-Induced Arterial Hypotension via Promoting Left Ventricular Performance in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:525-535. [PMID: 32174783 PMCID: PMC7053305 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to ascertain whether therapeutic hypothermia (TH) acts as cardioprotective management for heat stroke (HS). Adult male rats under general anesthesia were exposed to whole-body heating (43°C for 70 min) to induce HS. Rats with HS displayed hyperthermia (core body temperature 42°C vs. 36°C); hypotension (30 mmHg vs. 90 mmHg mean arterial blood pressure); suppressed left ventricular (LV) performance (stroke volume 52 μl/min vs. 125 μl/min), ejection fraction (0.29% vs. 0.69%), relaxation factor (72 ms vs. 12 ms), and arterial elastance (0.31 mmHg/ μl vs. 10 mmHg/ μl); increased myocardial injury markers (e.g., creatine kinase-MB: 86 U/L vs. 24 U/L, cardiac troponin I: 3.08 ng/ml vs. 0.57 ng/ml); increased myocardial oxidative stress markers (e.g., malondialdehyde: 6.52 nmol/mg vs. 1.06 nmol/mg, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: 29 nmol/g vs. 2 nmol/g); decreased myocardial antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase: 6 unit/mg vs. 17 unit/mg, reduced glutathione: 0.64 nmol/mg vs. 2.53 nmol/mg); increased myocardial proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α 3200 pg/ml vs. 1000 pg/ml, interleukin-6: 668 pg/ml vs. 102 pg/ml); and increased cardiac damage scores (2.2 vs. 0.3). TH therapy significantly reversed the following conditions: HS-induced hyperthermia (37.5°C core body temperature), hypotension (71 mmHg), suppressed LV performance (stroke volume: 97 μl/min, ejection fraction: 0.65%, relaxation factor: 39 ms, and arterial elastance: 0.99 mmHg/μl), increased myocardial injury markers (e.g., creatine kinase-MB: 37 U/L, cardiac troponin I: 1.06 ng/ml), increased myocardial oxidative stress markers (e.g., malondialdehyde: 2.68 nmol/mg, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: 12.3 nmol/g), decreased myocardial antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase: 13.3 unit/mg, reduced glutathione: 2.71 mmol/mg), increased myocardial proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α 1500 pg/ml, interleukin-6: 108 ng/ml); and increased cardiac damage scores (0.9). We thus conclude that TH protects against HS-induced arterial hypotension by promoting LV performance in rats. These results add to the literature regarding the use of TH as cardioprotective management for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Ko
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Tsai CC, Chen TH, Chang CP, Yang HH. Oxytocin maintains lung histological and functional integrity to confer protection in heat stroke. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18390. [PMID: 31804535 PMCID: PMC6895074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) has been reported to have a protective effect in lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental acute lung injury (ALI). However, its role in heat stroke-related ALI has never been investigated. Herein, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of action of OT on heat-induced ALI. Rats were treated with OT 60 min before the start of heat stress (42 °C for 80 min). Twenty minutes after the termination of heat stress, the effects of OT on lung histopathological changes, edema, acute pleurisy and the bronchoalveolar fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines and indicators of ischemia, cellular damage, and oxidative damage were assessed. We also evaluated the influence of OT pretreatment on heat-induced hypotension, hyperthermia, ALI score, and death in a rat model of heat stroke. The results showed that OT significantly reduced heat-induced lung edema, neutrophil infiltration, hemorrhage score, myeloperoxidase activity, ischemia, and the levels of inflammatory and oxidative damage markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The survival assessment confirmed the pathophysiological and biochemical results. An OT receptor antagonist (L-368,899) was administered 10 min before the OT injection to further demonstrate the role of OT in heat-induced ALI. The results showed that OT could not protect against the aforementioned heat stroke responses in rats treated with L-368,899. Interestingly, OT treatment 80 min after the start of heat shock did not affect survival. In conclusion, our data indicate that OT pretreatment can reduce the ischemic, inflammatory and oxidative responses related to heat-induced ALI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memory Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi-Hsing Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Cardiomyocytes against Heat Stroke-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Induction of Hsp70 and Activation of Autophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8187529. [PMID: 31885498 PMCID: PMC6914879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8187529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness and defined as when body temperature elevates above 40°C accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that results in multiple organ dysfunctions. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) acts as a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a variety of diseases. This study investigates the beneficial effects of ALA on myocardial injury and organ damage caused by experimental HS and further explores its underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 42°C until their rectal core temperature reached 42.9°C and ALA was pretreared 40 or 80 mg/kg (i.v.) 1.5 h prior to heat exposure. Results showed that HS-induced lethality and hypothermia were significantly alleviated by ALA treatment that also improved plasma levels of CRE, LDH, and CPK and myocardial injury biomarkers myoglobin and troponin. In addition, ALA reduced cardiac superoxide anion formation and protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 caused by HS. Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and NF-κB pathways were significantly reduced by ALA treatment which may be associated with the upregulation of Hsp70. ALA significantly increased the Atg5-12 complex and LC3B II/LC3B I ratio, whereas the p62 and p-mTOR expression was attenuated in HS rats, indicating the activation of autophagy by ALA. In conclusion, ALA ameliorated the deleterious effects of HS by exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Induction of Hsp70 and activation of autophagy contribute to the protective effects of ALA in HS-induced myocardial injury.
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8
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Tsai CC, Wu HH, Chang CP, Lin CH, Yang HH. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside reduces myocardial injury in heat stroke rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:730-738. [PMID: 30245143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG), a calycosin derivative compound derived from Astragali Radix, has protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as bacterial endotoxin-induced vascular cell injury. In the present study, we ascertained whether CG could reduce myocardial injury in heatstroke rats. METHODS Heat stroke was induced by exposing anaesthetized rats to heat stress (43 °C for 70 min). Rats were given an i.p. dose of CG (26.8 mg/ml/kg) or vehicle solution (ml/kg) 15 min before the start of heat stress and immediately after termination of heat stress. Left ventricular performance, myocardial injury markers in the blood, and myocardial damage scores were assessed in heat stroke rats treated with or without CG. Additionally, cardiac levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory status were estimated simultaneously. RESULTS At the time point of heat stroke onset, compared with normothermic controls, group rats with vehicle solution had significantly decreased survival rate, increased hyperthermia, decreased left ventricular stress markers, and increased cardiac damage scores. Compared with group rats with vehicle solution, group rats with CG had significantly improved survival rate, decreased hyperthermia, decreased cardiac ischemic, inflammatory, and oxidative damage. CONCLUSION We thus conclude that myocardial injury can be a pressing need for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for heat stroke. In particular, our data indicate that CG protects against heat stroke in rats by mitigating myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hsien Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi-Hsing Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Lin X, Zhao T, Lin CH, Zuo D, Ye Z, Lin S, Wen S, Liu L, Lin MT, Chang CP, Chao CM. Melatonin provides protection against heat stroke-induced myocardial injury in male rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:760-767. [PMID: 29484657 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of melatonin on heat stroke (HS) induced acute myocardial infarction in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial injury was induced by subjecting the anaesthetized rats to a high ambient temperature of 43°C for 70 min. Such a high ambient temperature caused hyperthermia, hypotension and myocardial injury in rats. Rats were treated with melatonin (3 mg/kg) intravenously one hour before and followed by an additional dose immediately after heat stress. KEY FINDINGS At the onset of HS, animals displayed myocardial injury evidenced by increased levels of cardiac damage indicators (e.g. total lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase-MB), increased cardiac damage scores and suppressed left ventricular performance. Animals with HS also had increased cardiac oxidative stress evidenced by increased levels of lipid peroxidation (e.g. increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and activated inflammation (e.g. increased levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α). Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed the HS-induced myocardial injury, cardiac oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin may protect against HS-induced myocardial injury in male rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics, Institute of Chinese PLA, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Science, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingbao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dan Zuo
- Trauma and Orthopedics Center of Chinese PLA, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhujun Ye
- Trauma and Orthopedics Center of Chinese PLA, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Shide Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Science, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaonan Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Science, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Trauma and Orthopedics Center of Chinese PLA, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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10
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Lin W, Hsuan YCY, Su YC, Lin CH, Lin MT, Chen ZH, Chang CP, Lin KC. CD34 - human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against heat stroke mortality in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1992-2001. [PMID: 29416747 PMCID: PMC5788615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein used to selectively enrich bone marrow in hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Treating rats with CD34+ cells derived from human umbilical cord blood before or after heat stroke has been shown to promote survival. We investigated whether CD34– human placenta-derived stem cells (PDMSCs) could improve survival following heat stroke in rats. Rats were subjected to heat stress (42°C for 98 min) to induce heat stroke. Intravenous administration of PDMSCs 1 day before or immediately after the onset of heat stroke improved survival by 60% and 20%, respectively. Pre-treatment with CD34− PDMSCs protected against heat stroke injury more effectively than that treatment after injury. PDMSCs treatment attenuated cerebrovascular dysfunction, the inflammatory response, and lipid peroxidation. These data suggest human PDMSCs protect against heat stroke injury in rats. Moreover, these effects do not require the presence of CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie Lin
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chin Su
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Bruchim Y, Horowitz M, Aroch I. Pathophysiology of heatstroke in dogs - revisited. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:356-370. [PMID: 29435477 PMCID: PMC5800390 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1367457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke results from a failure to dissipate accumulated heat during exposure to hot environments, or during strenuous physical exercise under heat stress. It is characterized by core body temperatures > 41°C, with central nervous system dysfunction. Functional morphology and thermoregulatory effectors differences between dogs and humans may require special heatstroke protective adaptations in dogs, however, the risk factors for developing heatstroke are similar in both. In dogs, these include hot, especially highly humid environments, excessive physical activity, obesity, large (>15 kg) body weight, being of certain breed (e.g., Labrador retrievers and brachycephalic breeds), upper airway obstruction and prolonged seizures. Lack of acclimation to heat and physical fitness decreases the survival of heat stroked dogs. At the systemic level, blood pooling within the large internal organs (e.g., spleen, liver) is a major contributor to the development of shock and consequent intestinal ischemia, hypoxia and endothelial hyperpermeability, commonly occurring in heatstroke patients. Evoked serious complications include rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and ultimately, sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The most common clinical signs in dogs include acute collapse, tachypnea, spontaneous bleeding, shock signs and mental abnormalities, including depression, disorientation or delirium, seizures, stupor and coma. In such dogs, presence of peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells uniquely occurs, and is a highly sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Despite early, appropriate body cooling, and intensive supportive treatment, with no available specific treatment to ameliorate the severe inflammatory and hemostatic derangements, the mortality rate is around 50%, similar to that of human heatstroke victims. This review discusses the pathophysiology of canine heatstroke from a veterinarian's point of view, integrating new and old studies and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Bruchim
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Itamar Aroch
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Lin X, Lin CH, Zhao T, Zuo D, Ye Z, Liu L, Lin MT. Quercetin protects against heat stroke-induced myocardial injury in male rats: Antioxidative and antiinflammatory mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 265:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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