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Zhu H, Guest JD, Dunlop S, Xie JX, Gao S, Luo Z, Springer JE, Wu W, Young W, Poon WS, Liu S, Gao H, Yu T, Wang D, Zhou L, Wu S, Zhong L, Niu F, Wang X, Liu Y, So KF, Xu XM. Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing walking training promotes recovery in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2773-2784. [PMID: 38595294 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00032/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff For patients with chronic spinal cord injury, the conventional treatment is rehabilitation and treatment of spinal cord injury complications such as urinary tract infection, pressure sores, osteoporosis, and deep vein thrombosis. Surgery is rarely performed on spinal cord injury in the chronic phase, and few treatments have been proven effective in chronic spinal cord injury patients. Development of effective therapies for chronic spinal cord injury patients is needed. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury to compare intensive rehabilitation (weight-bearing walking training) alone with surgical intervention plus intensive rehabilitation. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02663310). The goal of surgical intervention was spinal cord detethering, restoration of cerebrospinal fluid flow, and elimination of residual spinal cord compression. We found that surgical intervention plus weight-bearing walking training was associated with a higher incidence of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement, reduced spasticity, and more rapid bowel and bladder functional recovery than weight-bearing walking training alone. Overall, the surgical procedures and intensive rehabilitation were safe. American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement was more common in T7-T11 injuries than in T2-T6 injuries. Surgery combined with rehabilitation appears to have a role in treatment of chronic spinal cord injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - James D Guest
- Neurological Surgery, and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Dunlop
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jia-Xin Xie
- Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Joe E Springer
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wutian Wu
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Neurosurgery Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Song Liu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dianchun Wang
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengping Wu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Niu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Chen F, Li QH, Wu YJ, Lyu LY, Xu XM, Wang F. [Study based on the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism and acetaminophen-induced liver injury]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2024; 32:133-139. [PMID: 38514262 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231220-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms and abnormal liver function-induced by acetaminophen (APAP) drugs. Methods: An ALDH2 gene knockout mouse model was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The obtained heterozygous mice were mated with opposite sex of heterozygotes. Genomic DNA was extracted from the tail of the offspring mouse. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to determine the ALDH2 genotype. APAP was further used to induce acute drug-induced liver injury models in wild-type and ALDH2 knockout mice. Blood and liver tissues of mice were collected for liver function index, HE staining, F4/80 immunohistochemistry, and other detections. The intergroup mean was compared using a one-way ANOVA. The LSD- t test was used for pairwise comparison. Results: ALDH2 knockout mice were bred successfully. The genotyping of the offspring was segregated into the wild-type (ALDH2(+/+)), heterozygous mutant (ALDH2(+/-)), and homozygous mutant (ALDH2(-/-)), respectively. Biochemical and histological results after APAP modeling showed that the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil) was not significantly increased in the blank control group (P < 0.05), while the ALT, AST,ALP, and TBil were all elevated in the APAP experimental group. The levels of ALT (P = 0.004), AST (P = 0.002), and TBil (P = 0.012) were significantly elevated among the mutant group compared to those in the wild-type group, and the expression levels of these indicators were also significantly elevated among the homozygous mutant group compared to those in the heterozygous mutant group (P = 0.003, 0 and 0.006). In addition, the ALP levels were higher in the heterozygous mutation group than those in the homozygous mutant group (P = 0.085) and wild-type group mice, but the difference was only statistically significant compared to wild-type mice (P = 0.002). HE staining results showed that mice in the APAP experimental group had hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration, which was mostly evident in mutant mice. Simultaneously, the F4/80 immunohistochemical staining results showed that brown granules were visible in the liver tissue of APAP experimental group mice, and its expression levels were significantly enhanced compared to the blank control group. Conclusion: APAP-induced liver function abnormalities were associated with the ALDH2 gene polymorphism. The liver injury symptoms were increased in ALDH2 mutant mice following APAP modeling, and the ALDH2 gene defect may alleviate, to some extent, APAP-induced liver function abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Q H Li
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Y J Wu
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - L Y Lyu
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - X M Xu
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - F Wang
- Digestive Medicine Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Tai W, Du X, Chen C, Xu XM, Zhang CL, Wu W. NG2 glia reprogramming induces robust axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. iScience 2024; 27:108895. [PMID: 38318363 PMCID: PMC10839253 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neuronal loss, axonal degeneration, and behavioral dysfunction. We recently show that in vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia produces new neurons, reduces glial scaring, and ultimately leads to improved function after SCI. By examining endogenous neurons, we here unexpectedly uncover that NG2 glia reprogramming also induces robust axonal regeneration of the corticospinal tract and serotonergic neurons. Such reprogramming-induced axonal regeneration may contribute to the reconstruction of neural networks essential for behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Mah KM, Wu W, Al-Ali H, Sun Y, Han Q, Ding Y, Muñoz M, Xu XM, Lemmon VP, Bixby JL. Corrigendum to "Compounds co-targeting kinases in axon regulatory pathways promote regeneration and behavioral recovery after spinal cord injury in mice" [Exp. Neurol. 355 (2022) 114117]. Exp Neurol 2023:114669. [PMID: 38151457 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Dept of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Muñoz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Dept of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Guest JD, Luo Z, Liu Y, Gao H, Wang D, Xu XM, Zhu H. Acute penetrating injury of the spinal cord by a wooden spike with delayed surgery: a case report. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2781-2784. [PMID: 37449645 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rarely, penetrating injuries to the spinal cord result from wooden objects, creating unique challenges to mitigate neurological injury and high rates of infection and foreign body reactions. We report a man who sustained a penetrating cervical spinal cord injury from a sharpened stick. While initially tetraparetic, he rapidly recovered function. The risks of neurological deterioration during surgical removal made the patient reluctant to consent to surgery despite the impalement of the spinal cord. A repeat MRI on day 3 showed an extension of edema indicating progressive inflammation. On the 7th day after injury, fever and paresthesias occurred with a large increase in serum inflammatory indicators, and the patient agreed to undergo surgical removal of the wooden object. We discuss the management nuances related to wood, the longitudinal evolution of MRI findings, infection risk, surgical risk mitigation and technique, an inflammatory marker profile, long-term recovery, and the surprisingly minimal neurological deficits associated with low-velocity midline spinal cord injuries. The patient had an excellent clinical outcome. The main lessons are that a wooden penetrating central nervous system injury has a high risk for infection, and that surgical removal from the spinal cord should be performed soon after injury and under direct visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Guest
- Neurological Surgery, and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming International Spine, and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dianchun Wang
- Kunming International Spine, and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Kunming International Spine, and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Wu X, Liu J, Li W, Khan MF, Dai H, Tian J, Priya R, Tian DJ, Wu W, Yaacoub A, Gu J, Syed F, Yu CH, Gao X, Yu Q, Xu XM, Brutkiewicz RR. CD1d-dependent neuroinflammation impairs tissue repair and functional recovery following a spinal cord injury. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.13.562047. [PMID: 37905092 PMCID: PMC10614755 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage resulting from a spinal cord injury (SCI) is primarily driven by a robust neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response. This intricate process is mainly governed by a multitude of cytokines and cell surface proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the critical components of the neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response during SCI are still not well-defined. In this study, we investigated the impact of CD1d, an MHC class I-like molecule mostly known for presenting lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells and regulating immune/inflammatory responses, on neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory responses induced by SCI. We observed an increased expression of CD1d on various cell types within the spinal cord, including microglia/macrophages, oligodendrocytes (ODCs), and endothelial cells (DCs), but not on neurons or astrocytes post-SCI. In comparison to wildtype (WT) mice, a T10 contusive SCI in CD1d knockout (CD1dKO or Cd1d -/- ) mice resulted in markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokine release, microglia/macrophage activation and proliferation. Following SCI, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and activation/proliferation of microglia/macrophages were dramatically reduced, while anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and growth factors like VEGF were substantially increased in the spinal cord tissues of CD1dKO mice when compared to WT mice. In the post-acute phase of SCI (day 7 post-SCI), CD1dKO mice had a significantly higher frequency of tissue-repairing macrophages, but not other types of immune cells, in the injured spinal cord tissues compared to WT mice. Moreover, CD1d-deficiency protected spinal cord neuronal cells and tissue, promoting functional recovery after a SCI. However, the neuroinflammation in WT mouse spinal cords was independent of the canonical CD1d/NKT cell axis. Finally, treatment of injured mice with a CD1d-specific monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced neuroprotection and improved functional recovery. Therefore, CD1d promotes the proinflammatory response following a SCI and represents a potential therapeutic target for spinal cord repair. Significance Statement The cell surface molecule, CD1d, is known to be recognized by cells of the immune system. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that the CD1d molecule significantly contributes to neuroinflammation following a spinal cord injury (SCI) in a manner independent of the CD1d/NKT cell axis. This is important, because this work reveals CD1d as a potential therapeutic target following an acute SCI for which there are currently no effective treatments.
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Huang LX, Liang YD, Wang YQ, Li JT, Xu XM, Li YM, Ju Y. [Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to COVID-19: a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:791-796. [PMID: 37536989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230320-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To improve the awareness of hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS) secondary to COVID-19 (COVID-sHPS). Methods: We reported an adult case of COVID-sHPS, including clinical presentation, laboratory examinations, histopathological findings, treatment strategy, and outcome. We also conducted literature research in PubMed database and Wanfang database using the keywords "COVID-19" and "hemophagocytic syndrome" and subsequently summarized relevant literature. Results: A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after 4 weeks of recurrent fever. Prior to this hospitalization, he had received an empiric combination therapy with antibiotics and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. His vital signs were within the normal range and no abnormalities were found on physical examination on admission. After admission, throat swab nucleic acid tests were weakly positive for SARS-CoV-2, and negative for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Blood nucleic acid tests for cytomegalovirus and EB virus were negative, as was blood mNGS. Laboratory tests showed a series of abnormalities, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen, elevated serum ferritin, elevated transaminase, decreased NK cell activity, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. According to the HPS-2004 diagnostic criteria, he was diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome, which was high likely to be caused by COVID-19 infection due to the lack of evidence of genetic risk factors and other clear triggers. He was initially treated with dexamethasone at a dose of 10 mg·m-2·d-1 and his condition improved rapidly. The literature search identified twenty-three articles on COVID-sHPS, 22 of which were in English. A total of 89 patients had COVID-sHPS and 55 (61.7%) were male. COVID-sHPS could occur at any age, but mainly in adults (86/89, 96%). Fever was reported in the literature with a clear description of the course of the disease. Most HPS occurred during the acute phase of COVID-19, but 3 patients developed HPS during the convalescent phase. Almost all reported cases presented with increased ferritin, elevated transaminases, elevated triglycerides, and cytopenia, mainly anemia and thrombocytopenia. In the retrieved literature, HS-score≥169 was frequently used to diagnose COVID-sHPS, and glucocorticoid in combination with immunoglobulin was the most common treatment strategy. COVID-sHPS had a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate (84.2%, 75/89). Conclusions: The prognosis of COVID-sHPS is poor, so clinicians should raise their awareness of the disease, identify high-risk suspected populations, and arrange reasonable relevant examinations for definite diagnosis and early initial treatment to improve their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y D Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J T Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X M Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y M Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Ju
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
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Xu XM, Qin B. [Advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of acute decompensatory cirrhosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:756-759. [PMID: 37580261 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220526-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute decompensatory cirrhosis is a common cause of hospital admission, readmission, and death, causing a heavy burden on patients, their families, and society. This article reviews the research advancement from the perspectives of concept evolution, pathogenesis, treatment, outcome, and prognosis models, providing new ideas for preventing and treating acute decompensatory cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - B Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Tai W, Du X, Chen C, Xu XM, Zhang CL, Wu W. NG2 Glia Reprogramming Induces Robust Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.14.544792. [PMID: 37398355 PMCID: PMC10312714 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neuronal loss, axonal degeneration and behavioral dysfunction. We recently show that in vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia produces new neurons, reduces glial scaring, and ultimately leads to improved function after SCI. By examining endogenous neurons, we here unexpectedly uncover that NG2 glia reprogramming also induces robust axonal regeneration of the corticospinal tract and serotonergic neurons. Such reprogramming-induced axonal regeneration may contribute to the reconstruction of neural networks essential for behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Qiao LS, Xu XM. [Screening for occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:498-502. [PMID: 37147813 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20220815-00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Unprovoked VTE can be the initial presentation of occult cancer. Up to 10% of patients with unprovoked VTE are diagnosed with cancer within a year. Cancer screening in patients with unprovoked VTE is beneficial for early cancer diagnosis and treatment, which may theoretically reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE, screening strategies originated from evidence-based medicine, risk factors of cancer and different models of risk assessment are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Qiao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X M Xu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China, Beijing 100730, China
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Xu XM, Zhang XP, Wang HJ, He J, Wang MQ, Yi HJ, Xue F, Zou YD, Tian QL, He L. [Carbon Sequestration Characteristics Under Natural Vegetation Restoration in Ziwuling Area of the Loess Plateau]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:2756-2766. [PMID: 37177948 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202204297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the carbon sink effect under natural vegetation restoration and the influence of changes in vegetation community characteristics on ecosystem carbon density in ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau. In this study, the changes in carbon sequestration of a vegetation-soil system under eight successional stages[slope cropland, abandoned cropland for 10 years, abandoned cropland for 20 years, Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels., Betula platyphylla Suk., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Quercus wutaishanic Mary+P. tabulaeformis Carr mixed forests, and Q. wutaishanic Mary] in Ziwuling area over 150 restoration periods were investigated using the common method of spatial and temporal substitution. This study also discussed the relationship between changes in vegetation community characteristics and vegetation-soil system carbon density. The results showed that the community coverage of the investigated vegetation fluctuated from 85% in the slope cropland stage to 100% in the arbor stage. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Simpson index initially increased rapidly, then declined slowly until becoming stable, and reached a peak in the middle of the succession (B. platyphylla Suk.). The biomass and carbon density of vegetation components (above-ground biomass, below-ground roots, and litter) increased exponentially during the succession, i.e., increased slowly before B. platyphylla Suk. but increased significantly in B. platyphylla Suk. and P. tabulaeformis Carr.(P<0.05). The biomass and carbon density reached the maximum values of 27858.08 g·m-2 and 13232.51 g·m-2, respectively, in Q. wutaishanic Mary+P. tabulaeformis Carr mixed forests and tended to be stable in the late succession stage. Soil organic carbon density showed a power function relationship with vegetation restoration, with the greatest increase in the stages of abandoned cropland for 10 years and B. platyphylla, but no significant changes in the subsequent stages (P>0.05). In the early succession stage, the carbon density of the farmland ecosystem was the lowest (4395.70 g·m-2), whereas the other seven stages increased by 55.54%, 40.37%, 69.96%, 202.48%, 326.35%, 357.43%, and 351.07%, respectively, compared with the farmland ecosystem. Community coverage, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, above-ground biomass, root biomass, and litter biomass were significantly positively correlated with vegetation-soil system carbon density (P<0.05). The carbon sink effect of long-term natural restoration in Ziwuling Region was significant, and the carbon density of the vegetation-soil system under interspecific competition tended to be stable in the late succession stage. Dynamic changes in the vegetation community structure and plant diversity during the succession process increased vegetation carbon density and soil carbon density. This study helps to clarify the carbon sink effect of natural vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau and provides a theoretical basis for promoting natural forest conservation and achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hao-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Miao-Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hai-Jie Yi
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qi-Long Tian
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wang YQ, Zhang BQ, Li Q, Xu XM. [Current status and challenges of real-world research in pediatric population]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:377-380. [PMID: 37011989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220908-00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - B Q Zhang
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - X M Xu
- Big Data Center for Children's Medical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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13
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Yu XH, Xu XM, Zhang SX. Low-dose dexamethasone promotes osteoblast viability by activating autophagy via the SGK1/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:669-678. [PMID: 36453461 PMCID: PMC10108317 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy contributes to bone homeostasis and development under physiological conditions. Although previous studies have demonstrated the induction of the autophagy machinery by endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs), the precise mechanisms involved have not yet been clarified. The current study aimed to explore the effect of a low dose of GC (10-8 M dexamethasone, Dex) on autophagy in mouse embryonic osteoblastic precursor cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) and the potential mechanisms. The results showed that 10-8 M Dex induced significant time-dependent increases in the expression and activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) in MC3T3-E1 cells and that these effects were accompanied by increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly inhibited Dex-mediated promotion of viability. Moreover, Dex increased LC3II and Beclin-1 levels and decreased SQSTM/p62 levels in a time-dependent manner, and these effects were attenuated by pretreatment with 3-MA. Transfection of Dex-treated MC3T3-E1 cells with shRNA-SGK1 resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. 3-MA further exacerbated these effects of SGK1 inhibition. Knocking down SGK1 before Dex exposure significantly reduced the phosphorylated forkhead box O3a (p-FOXO3a)/FOXO3 ratio, suppressed LC3II and Beclin-1 levels, and increased SQSTM/p62 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells, and these effects were amplified by 3-MA. In conclusion, the results revealed that low-dose GC treatment increased osteoblast viability by activating autophagy via the SGK1/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Yu
- Dental Disease Prevention and Control Institute of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Dental Disease Prevention and Control Institute of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Liu NK, Deng LX, Wang M, Lu QB, Wang C, Wu X, Wu W, Wang Y, Qu W, Han Q, Xia Y, Ravenscraft B, Li JL, You SW, Wipf P, Han X, Xu XM. Restoring mitochondrial cardiolipin homeostasis reduces cell death and promotes recovery after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1058. [PMID: 36539405 PMCID: PMC9768173 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in phospholipids have long been associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their specific roles and signaling cascades in mediating cell death and tissue repair remain unclear. Here we investigated whether alterations of cardiolipin (CL), a family of mitochondrion-specific phospholipids, play a crucial role in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death following SCI. Lipidomic analysis was used to determine the profile of CL alteration in the adult rat spinal cord following a moderate contusive SCI at the 10th thoracic (T10) level. Cellular, molecular, and genetic assessments were performed to determine whether CL alterations mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death after SCI, and, if so, whether reversing CL alteration leads to neuroprotection after SCI. Using lipidomic analysis, we uncovered CL alterations at an early stage of SCI. Over 50 distinct CL species were identified, of which 50% showed significantly decreased abundance after SCI. The decreased CL species contained mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids that are highly susceptible to peroxidation. In parallel, 4-HNE, a lipid peroxidation marker, significantly increased after SCI. We found that mitochondrial oxidative stress not only induced CL oxidation, but also resulted in CL loss by activating cPLA2 to hydrolyze CL. CL alterations induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of CL alterations with XJB-5-131, a novel mitochondria-targeted electron and reactive oxygen species scavenger, reduced cell death, tissue damage and ameliorated motor deficits after SCI in adult rats. These findings suggest that CL alteration could be a novel mechanism that mediates injury-induced neuronal death, and a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating secondary SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kui Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Frontage Laboratories, Exton, PA 19341 USA
| | - Qing-Bo Lu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Wei Wu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Wenrui Qu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Qi Han
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Baylen Ravenscraft
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 P. R. China
| | - Si-Wei You
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Peter Wipf
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Gao L, Han XY, Xu XM. [Three-dimensional finite element analysis of three-material endocrown in the restoration of dental defects of mandibular second molars]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2022; 31:621-624. [PMID: 36970798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the effect of restoration and tooth tissue stress distribution under different occlusal preparation thickness, based on three-dimensional finite element modal of the mandibular second molar with root canal therapy and endocrown restorations. METHODS A mandibular second molar was scanned by cone-beam CT (CBCT) and a three-dimensional finite element model with endocrown restortions was established. Three kinds of endocrown restorations materials with different elastic modulus (glass ceramic, lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia), and three types of occluscal thickness (1, 2 and 3 mm) were adopted. With a 200 N force loaded vertically and obliquely, the distribution and magnitude of stress in the tooth tissue and endocrown restorations were investigated by three-dimensional finite element analysis. RESULTS: The restoration and tooth tissue maximum stress values were increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of occlusal thickness; the base material maximum stress values were decreased with the increasing of occlusal thickness; the maximum stress values of tooth tissue and base material were increased with the increasing of restoration material's Young's modulus. Compared to the loading in vertical direction, the maximum stress values were increased with loading in oblique direction. CONCLUSIONS It's beneficial for tooth tissue to reduce the stress concentration under 2mm thickness. The stress on endocrown will be more concentrated with the increasing of restoration material's Young's modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Prosthodontics Clinic, Shanghai Minhang District Dental Cennter. Shanghai 201107, China. E-mail:
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Ju YQ, Xu XM, Han XY, Ma Y, Wang GX. [Effect of special oral care mode on periodontal health in adolescent orthodontic patients]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2022; 31:657-660. [PMID: 36970805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of special oral care mode on periodontal health of adolescent orthodontic patients. METHODS From January 2019 to January 2020, one hundred adolescent orthodontic patients who received treatment in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to the principle of completely random number table, with 50 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine oral care, while those in the experimental group were given special oral care; three months later, the periodontal health status of the two groups were compared using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS There was no significant difference in PLI and GI between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, PLI and GI in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01). There was no significance difference in SBI and EDI before treatment between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, SBI and EDI in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the scores of periodontal health knowledge before treatment between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, the scores of the two groups were significantly increased(P<0.01), and the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The patients' satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90.00% vs 72.00%, P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Special oral care mode can significantly improve periodontal health status of adolescent orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Ju
- Shanghai Minhang District Dental Center. Shanghai 201107, China. E-mail:
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Xu XM, Zhang XP, He L, Guo JW, Xue F, Zou YD, Yi HJ, He J, Wang HJ. [Carbon Sequestration Characteristics of Different Restored Vegetation Types in Loess Hilly Region]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:5263-5273. [PMID: 36437098 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since 1999, the "Grain for Green" Program has been extensively implemented in the Loess Plateau region. This measure has largely been of concern not only for its contribution to soil erosion reduction but also for its effects on carbon sequestration. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon sequestration characteristics of different restored vegetation types in areas with severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and to compare the effects of restoration age and slope direction on the vegetation carbon sequestration. To evaluate the carbon density and composition characteristics of different ecosystem types, six typical vegetation types (including farmland, grassland, Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Caragana korshinskii Kom., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus davidiana Dode.) were selected in the Loess Hilly Region, i.e., Wuqi County and Zhidan County in Northern Shaanxi province, which is a typical area for the implementation of artificial vegetation restoration. The results showed that:① vegetation restoration in the semi-arid loess region had a profound impact on carbon sequestration. The carbon density of different vegetations, as well as different vegetation components including above-ground vegetation, below-ground roots, and litter, shared the same pattern as tree>scrub>grassland>farmland. The 0-40 cm soil layer of the farmland showed the lowest soil organic carbon density (1355.5 g·m-2), compared to which those of grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. were higher by 91.4%, 125.2%, 144.0%, 124.5%, and 232.6%, respectively. ② It was common in grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and P. davidiana Dode. for the carbon density of different vegetation components as well as soil organic carbon density of different soil layers (0-5, 5-20, and 20-40 cm) to generally show an increasing trend with increased restoration age. ③ Slope direction had a significant impact on the vegetation carbon density only for H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode., while showing the contrary for farmland and grassland. Soil organic carbon densities for sunny slopes were significantly lower than those for shaded slopes by 22.9%, 34.3%, 75.8%, 49.1%, 22.4%, and 69.4%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. ④ Ecosystem carbon density varied significantly for different ecosystem types, among which farmland showed the lowest (2022.1 g·m-2), and grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. showed values higher by 48.7%, 152.8%, 125.1%, 166.3%, and 530.7%, respectively. The carbon density of each ecosystem component showed a pattern as follows:soil layer>above-ground vegetation layer>root layer>litter layer. Soil organic carbon constituted the main part of the ecosystem carbon density and accounted for 67.0%, 86.3%, 59.7%, 72.7%, and 56.5%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and R. pseudoacacia L. These results can provide an essential basis for scientific management of ecosystem carbon pools and promote ecological environment management on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin-Wei Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hai-Jie Yi
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hao-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Mah KM, Wu W, Al-Ali H, Sun Y, Han Q, Ding Y, Muñoz M, Xu XM, Lemmon VP, Bixby JL. Compounds co-targeting kinases in axon regulatory pathways promote regeneration and behavioral recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114117. [PMID: 35588791 PMCID: PMC9443329 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) and other central nervous system (CNS) trauma is hampered by limits on axonal regeneration in the CNS. Regeneration is restricted by the lack of neuron-intrinsic regenerative capacity and by the repressive microenvironment confronting damaged axons. To address this challenge, we have developed a therapeutic strategy that co-targets kinases involved in both extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory pathways. Prior work identified a kinase inhibitor (RO48) with advantageous polypharmacology (co-inhibition of targets including ROCK2 and S6K1), which promoted CNS axon growth in vitro and corticospinal tract (CST) sprouting in a mouse pyramidotomy model. We now show that RO48 promotes neurite growth from sensory neurons and a variety of CNS neurons in vitro, and promotes CST sprouting and/or regeneration in multiple mouse models of spinal cord injury. Notably, these in vivo effects of RO48 were seen in several independent experimental series performed in distinct laboratories at different times. Finally, in a cervical dorsal hemisection model, RO48 not only promoted growth of CST axons beyond the lesion, but also improved behavioral recovery in the rotarod, gridwalk, and pellet retrieval tasks. Our results provide strong evidence for RO48 as an effective compound to promote axon growth and regeneration. Further, they point to strategies for increasing robustness of interventions in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Dept of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Muñoz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dept of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Wu W, Nguyen T, Ordaz JD, Zhang YP, Liu NK, Hu X, Liu Y, Ping X, Han Q, Wu X, Qu W, Gao S, Shields CB, Jin X, Xu XM. Transhemispheric remodeling the motor cortex promotes forelimb recovery after mouse spinal cord injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158150. [PMID: 35552276 PMCID: PMC9309060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the reorganization of neural circuits spared after spinal cord injury in the motor cortex and spinal cord would provide insights for developing therapeutics. Using optogenetic mapping, we demonstrated a transhemispheric recruitment of neural circuits in the contralateral cortical M1/M2 area to improve the impaired forelimb function after a cervical 5 right-sided hemisection in mice, a model mimicking the human Brown-Séquard syndrome. This cortical reorganization can be elicited by a selective cortical optogenetic neuromodulation paradigm. Areas of whisker, jaw, and neck, together with the rostral forelimb area, on the motor cortex ipsilateral to the lesion were engaged to control the ipsilesional forelimb in both stimulation and nonstimulation groups 8 weeks following injury. However, significant functional benefits were only seen in the stimulation group. Using anterograde tracing, we further revealed a robust sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract in the spinal cord of those animals receiving optogenetic stimulation. The intraspinal corticospinal axonal sprouting correlated with the forelimb functional recovery. Thus, specific neuromodulation of the cortical neural circuits induced massive neural reorganization both in the motor cortex and spinal cord, constructing an alternative motor pathway in restoring impaired forelimb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Josue D Ordaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, United States of America
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Neurological Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, United States of America
| | - Xingjie Ping
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
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20
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Zhang JM, Xu XM, Wang YF, Liu SG, Li Q, Sun L. [Study of three kinds of primary immunization schedules with poliovirus vaccine]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:595-600. [PMID: 35644973 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210625-00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the immunogenicity of three kinds immunization programs with poliovirus vaccine. Methods: Healthy infants aged 2 months or over were selected and divided into three groups by complete randomization method. Basic immunization with Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine(sIPV) and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine(bOPV) were completed. Three kinds of basic immunization procedures were 1sIPV+2bOPV,2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV, respectively.Two qualified serums that before basic immunization and 28-42 days later were collected, and measured the poliovirus neutralizing antibody with microcell neutralization method. To compare the difference by analysis of variance, rank test and χ2 test. Results: After the basic immunization, 205 subjects of the positive conversion rate of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of types Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲwere all higher than 97.00%, and the positive rates were all higher than 98.00%, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibody was significantly higher than that before basic immunization in three groups.There were significant differences in the positive rate and GMT before and after basic immunization of typeⅠ, Ⅱand Ⅲ in the three (P<0.05). The highest GMT in three groups after basic immunization were all typeⅠ, followed by type Ⅲ, and the lowest in type Ⅱ. The GMT of type Ⅱin 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups were both higher than that in sIPV+2bOPV group. Conclution: After three kinds of basic immunization, the poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of serum were all at high levels in three groups, which could form an effective immune barrier against poliovirus. The immunogenicity of three kinds of basic immunization programs were all well, but there were certain differences of neutralizing antibodies among three kinds basic immunization programs. The immunogenicity in 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups against typeⅡpoliovirus were better than that in 1sIPV+2bOPV group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Zhang
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - X M Xu
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - S G Liu
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Q Li
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - L Sun
- Institute of Immunization Program Management, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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21
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So KF, Xu XM. Letter from the Editors-in-Chief. Neural Regen Res 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Deng L, Ravenscraft B, Xu XM. Exploring propriospinal neuron-mediated neural circuit plasticity using recombinant viruses after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113962. [PMID: 34953895 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Propriospinal neurons (PSNs) play a crucial role in motor control and sensory processing and contribute to plastic reorganization of spinal circuits responsible for recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). Due to their scattered distribution and various intersegmental projection patterns, it is challenging to dissect the function of PSNs within the neuronal network. New genetically encoded tools, particularly cell-type-specific transgene expression methods using recombinant viral vectors combined with other genetic, pharmacologic, and optogenetic approaches, have enormous potential for visualizing PSNs in the neuronal circuits and monitoring and manipulating their activity. Furthermore, recombinant viral tools have been utilized to promote the intrinsic regenerative capacities of PSNs, towards manipulating the 'hostile' microenvironment for improving functional regeneration of PSNs. Here we summarize the latest development in this fast-moving field and provide a perspective for using this technology to dissect PSN physiological role in contributing to recovery of function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Baylen Ravenscraft
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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23
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Gao J, Xu XL, Xu XM, Wei QH, Zhang ZZ, Cheng Q. [Real world research on the growth pattern of preterm children with different birth weight]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:665-671. [PMID: 34333919 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210204-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the physical indices and growth status of preterm children aged 0 to 4 years with different birth weight. Methods: Following the real world research approach, the current study retrospectively collected e-chart information of 8 496 preterm children from the child health care system of the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2010 to December 2017, with 203 123 full-term children followed up during the same period as controls. Premature children were divided into normal birth weight (NBW) group, low birth weight (LBW) group, and very low birth weight (VLBW) group based on their birth weights. The weight and length development within 48 months of age of preterm boys and girls in each group were measured and recorded to establish a numerical table and analyze the growth levels, growth rate, and proportionality. The t-test or chi-square test was used for between-group comparison. Results: Of the 8 496 preterm children, 4 839 were girls and 3 657 boys, including 525 in the VLBW group, with an average birth weight of (1.28±0.14) kg, 3 862 in the LBW group, with an average birth weight of (2.07±0.28) kg, and 4 109 in the NBW group, with an average birth weight of (2.86±0.35) kg. The weight at the actual age of 2-<3 months ((5.61±0.96) vs. (5.64±0.78) kg in boys, (5.11±0.67) vs. (5.18±0.71) kg in girls) and the length at the actual age of 8-<10 months ((70.3±2.4) vs. (70.6±2.4) cm in boys, (68.9±2.2) vs. (68.9±2.4) cm in girls) in the NBW group reached the average weight and length of full-term children. The difference of physical growth before 24 months of age between LBW and control group decreased as children age, with that of LBW group approaches the average of full-term children after 24 months of age, with a weight difference of 0.64-0.95 kg and height difference of 1.3-1.7 cm. The weight and height of the VLBW group were lower than those of full-term infants (2.80-2.86 kg and 3.3-4.3 cm, respectively) at 48 months of age. During 2-12 months of age, the corresponding values of the VLBW group were higher than that of the LBW and NBW groups by 0.35 kg and 0.71 kg, respectively. However, the corresponding values of the VLBW group were lower than that of the LBW and NBW groups(0.64 kg and 0.76 kg at 0-2 months of age, 1.04 kg and 1.49 kg at 12-48 months of age, respectively). The rates of delayed development, underweight, and emaciation were the highest in the VLBW group (all P<0.01), while the rates of overweight and obesity were the highest in the NBW group, with that of the VLBW group being lower than LBW group (P<0.01) at the age of 24-<36 months. Conclusions: Prior to 4 years of age, the time for preterm children to reach the average physical indices of full-term children differ by birth weights, hence warranting further examination of the corrected gestational age for preterm children. Normal birth weight preterm children present with the highest incidence of overweight and obesity and very low birth weight preterm children present with the highest incidence of growth disorders, marking both groups at high risks of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - X L Xu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - X M Xu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Q H Wei
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Z Z Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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Huang N, Li S, Xie Y, Han Q, Xu XM, Sheng ZH. Reprogramming an energetic AKT-PAK5 axis boosts axon energy supply and facilitates neuron survival and regeneration after injury and ischemia. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3098-3114.e7. [PMID: 34087103 PMCID: PMC8319057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) essential for neuronal survival and regeneration. Brain injury and ischemia trigger acute mitochondrial damage and a local energy crisis, leading to degeneration. Boosting local ATP supply in injured axons is thus critical to meet increased energy demand during nerve repair and regeneration in adult brains, where mitochondria remain largely stationary. Here, we elucidate an intrinsic energetic repair signaling axis that boosts axonal energy supply by reprogramming mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring in response to acute injury-ischemic stress in mature neurons and adult brains. P21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is a brain mitochondrial kinase with declined expression in mature neurons. PAK5 synthesis and signaling is spatiotemporally activated within axons in response to ischemic stress and axonal injury. PAK5 signaling remobilizes and replaces damaged mitochondria via the phosphorylation switch that turns off the axonal mitochondrial anchor syntaphilin. Injury-ischemic insults trigger AKT growth signaling that activates PAK5 and boosts local energy supply, thus protecting axon survival and facilitating regeneration in in vitro and in vivo models. Our study reveals an axonal mitochondrial signaling axis that responds to injury and ischemia by remobilizing damaged mitochondria for replacement, thereby maintaining local energy supply to support central nervous system (CNS) survival and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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25
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Sun G, Lin X, Yi X, Zhang P, Liu R, Fu B, Sun Y, Li J, Jiao S, Tian T, Xu XM, Tseng KW, Lin CH. Aircraft noise, like heat stress, causes cognitive impairments via similar mechanisms in male mice. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129739. [PMID: 33529949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, little evidence is available about effects of aircraft noise (AN), a non-chemical stressor, on cognitive function. Again, it is unknown whether or not the heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive deficits can be exacerbated by AN. The adult male mice were assigned to four groups: group 1 mice exposed to non-HS (24-26 °C 2 h daily for 4 consecutive days) and white noise (WN) (2 h daily for 4 consecutive days), group 2 mice exposed to WN and HS (32-34 °C 2 h daily for 4 consecutive days), group 3 mice exposed to AN and non-HS (2 h daily for 4 consecutive days) and group 4 mice exposed to AN and HS (2 h daily for consecutive 4 days). Cognitive function were determined by passive avoidance, Y-maze, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests. Gut barrier and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, upload of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, systemic and central inflammation, and stress reactions were examined. Heat stressed mice displayed both increased stress reactions and learning and memory loss. Heat stress also caused gut barrier hyperpermeability, increased upload of LPS translocation, systemic inflammation, BBB disruption and hippocampal neuroinflammation. Aircraft noise stressed mice did not display systemic inflammation but caused gut barrier hyperpermeability, increased upload of LPS translocation, increased stress reactions, BBB disruption, hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. Aircraft noise exposure further exacerbated the heat stress-induced cognitive deficits and its complications. Our data suggest that AN, like HS, causes cognitive impairments via similar mechanisms in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Bo Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Yating Sun
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuxin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kuang-Wen Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City and Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City and Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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26
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Monje PV, Deng L, Xu XM. Human Schwann Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Prospects and Challenges in Translational Medicine. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:690894. [PMID: 34220455 PMCID: PMC8249939 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.690894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of transplanting cultured Schwann cells (SCs) for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) have been systematically investigated in experimental animals since the early 1990s. Importantly, human SC (hSC) transplantation for SCI has advanced to clinical testing and safety has been established via clinical trials conducted in the USA and abroad. However, multiple barriers must be overcome to enable accessible and effective treatments for SCI patients. This review presents available information on hSC transplantation for SCI with the intention to uncover gaps in our knowledge and discuss areas for future development. To this end, we introduce the historical progression of the work that supports existing and prospective clinical initiatives and explain the reasons for the choice of hSCs while also addressing their limitations as cell therapy products. A search of the relevant literature revealed that rat SCs have served as a preclinical model of reference since the onset of investigations, and that hSC transplants are relatively understudied, possibly due to the sophisticated resources and expertise needed for the traditional processing of hSC cultures from human nerves. In turn, we reason that additional experimentation and a reexamination of the available data are needed to understand the therapeutic value of hSC transplants taking into consideration that the manufacturing of the hSCs themselves may require further development for extended uses in basic research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Monje
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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27
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Bao MH, Xu XM, Huo DL, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. The effect of aggression II: Acclimation to a high ambient temperature reduces territorial aggression in male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Horm Behav 2021; 132:104993. [PMID: 33991799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have a profound influence on development, cellular differentiation and metabolism, and are also suspected of playing a role in aggression. We measured territorial aggression, body temperature (Tb) and serum thyroid hormones levels of male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) acclimated to either cold (5 °C), cool (21 °C) or hot (34 °C) ambient temperatures. The effects of methimazole on territorial aggression, food intake, metabolic rate and serum thyroid hormone levels, were also examined. Territorial aggression was significantly lower in male hamsters acclimated to the hot temperature compared to those acclimated to the cool or cold temperatures. Tb significantly increased during aggressive territorial interactions with intruders but did not significantly differ among the three temperature treatments. Serum T3, T4 and cortisol levels of hamsters acclimated to 34 °C were significantly lower than those acclimated to 21 °C. In addition to significantly reducing territorial aggression, treatment with methimazole also significantly reduced serum T3 and T4 levels, Tb and metabolic rate. These results suggest that exposure to high temperatures reduces the capacity of hamsters to dissipate heat causing them to lower their metabolic rate, which, in turn, causes them to reduce territorial aggression to prevent hyperthermia. The lower metabolic rate mediated by down-regulated thyroid hormones inhibits territorial aggression and could thereby determine the outcome of territorial conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huan Bao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da-Liang Huo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Liu NK, Byers JS, Lam T, Lu QB, Sengelaub DR, Xu XM. Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 Has Neuroprotective Effects on Motoneuron and Muscle Atrophy after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1327-1337. [PMID: 25386720 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surviving motoneurons undergo dendritic atrophy after spinal cord injury (SCI), suggesting an important therapeutic target for neuroprotective strategies to improve recovery of function after SCI. Our previous studies showed that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCI. In the present study, we investigated whether blocking cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) pharmacologically with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK) or genetically using cPLA2 knockout (KO) mice attenuates motoneuron atrophy after SCI. C57BL/6 mice received either sham or contusive SCI at the T10 level. At 30 min after SCI, mice were treated with ATK or vehicle. Four weeks later, motoneurons innervating the vastus lateralis muscle of the quadriceps were labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and dendritic arbors were reconstructed in three dimensions. Soma volume, motoneuron number, lesion volume, and tissue sparing were also assessed, as were muscle weight, fiber cross-sectional area, and motor endplate size and density. ATK administration reduced percent lesion volume and increased percent volume of spared white matter, compared to the vehicle-treated control animals. SCI with or without ATK treatment had no effect on the number or soma volume of quadriceps motoneurons. However, SCI resulted in a decrease in dendritic length of quadriceps motoneurons in untreated animals, and this decrease was completely prevented by treatment with ATK. Similarly, vastus lateralis muscle weights of untreated SCI animals were smaller than those of sham surgery controls, and these reductions were prevented by ATK treatment. No effects on fiber cross-sectional areas, motor endplate area, or density were observed across treatment groups. Remarkably, genetically deleting cPLA2 in cPLA2 KO mice attenuated dendritic atrophy after SCI. These findings suggest that, after SCI, cord tissue damage and regressive changes in motoneuron and muscle morphology can be reduced by inhibition of cPLA2, further supporting a role for cPLA2 as a neurotherapeutic target for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James S Byers
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Tom Lam
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Qing-Bo Lu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dale R Sengelaub
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Lin J, Xu XM, Yue BY, Xu XP, Liu JZ, Zhu Q, Wang JH. Multidecadal records of microplastic accumulation in the coastal sediments of the East China Sea. Chemosphere 2021; 270:128658. [PMID: 33757274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are an emerging hazard in the marine environment, and considered to eventually sink into sediments. An investigation into the long-term variation of microplastic accumulation in sediment cores is essential for understanding the historical trend of this contamination and its response to human activities. In this study, the multidecadal changes of microplastic abundances in two sediment cores from the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) were revealed by two methods, i.e., a visual enumeration method based on scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and a quantitative method based on microplastic-derived carbon (MPC) abundances. The features of microplastics were determined via SEM-EDS and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR). The results reveal a multidecadal increasing trend of microplastic accumulation in the coastal sediments of the ECS since the 1960s, which may be jointly governed by the release of plastic wastes and oceanographic dynamics. Meanwhile, the breakpoint of the exponential growth of microplastics in the ECS occurs in 2000 AD, which well matches the rapid increasing of plastic production and consumption in China. Further, based on the MPC contents in sediments, the influence of microplastics on the quantitative evaluation of carbon storage in the ECS has been examined for the first time, revealing an insignificant (<2% before 2014 AD) but potentially-increasing (6.8% by 2025 AD) contribution of microplastics to carbon burial. Our results may provide the important data for evaluating and mitigating the impact of microplastics on the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Bei-Ying Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiang-Po Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jin-Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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30
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Kong XX, Li XL, Tian Y, Ye QC, Xu XM, Liu Y, Yang Q, Zhang LN, Mei YX, Wen JH, Xiao Q, Li JS, Ding KF, Li J. The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Adenocarcinoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract-A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635537. [PMID: 33996549 PMCID: PMC8118715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing adenocarcinoma from the gastrointestinal tract (APA-GI) is a rare type of highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It may originate from any site along the GI tract with similar clinicopathological characteristics. As limited research had ever described the characteristics of APA-GI, the present article intends to systemically investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of APA-GI from a single center's retrospective study to deepen the understanding of the disease. A total of 177 patients pathologically diagnosed with APA-GI between 2010 and 2017 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, were included. Also, clinical data of 419 gastric cancers and 609 colorectal cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were also extracted. Clinical information of patients from Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, was collected, and a median follow-up of 14.5 months was performed to investigate clinical characteristics of APA-GI. For the pathological characteristics of APA-GI, hematoxylin–eosin sections were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry of AFP was performed. The results showed that the primary tumor could develop through the whole GI tract, including the esophagus (0.6%), stomach (83.1%), duodenum (1.1%), ileum (0.6%), appendix (0.6%), colon (5.1%), and rectum (7.9%). Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is the main pathological feature of APA-GI. AFP expression level in tumor tissue was not strictly associated with serum AFP or hepatoid differentiation. The prognosis of APA-GI was worse than that of common adenocarcinoma of the GI tract and liver metastasis, and high AFP levels suggest poor prognosis in patients with APA-GI. Therefore, the present study was the first research to systemically explore the clinicopathological characteristics of APA-GI. APA-GI occurs through the whole GI tract with a significantly worse prognosis than common adenocarcinoma of GI. APA-GI should be regarded as one kind of disease for its similar clinicopathological characteristics within patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xing Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Ye
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hang Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Song Li
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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Lin J, Xu XP, Yue BY, Li Y, Zhou QZ, Xu XM, Liu JZ, Wang QQ, Wang JH. A novel thermoanalytical method for quantifying microplastics in marine sediments. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:144316. [PMID: 33341640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in marine environments is of particular concern on its risk to the ecosystem. To assess and manage microplastic contaminants, their quantitative detection in environmental samples is a high priority. However, uncertainties of current methods still exist when estimating their abundances, particularly with fine-grained (<1 mm) microplastics. This work reports a novel thermoanalytical method for quantifying microplastics by measuring the contents of microplastic-derived carbon (MPC) in samples under the premise of nearly eliminating the limit of their particle appearances. After validating the method via samples with the spiked microplastics, we have conducted a case study on sediment core H43 that spanned 1925-2009 CE from the Yellow Sea for further illustrating the high reliability and practicability of this method for quantifying microplastics in natural samples. Our results have demonstrated that the proposed method may be a promising technique to determine the mass-related concentrations of the total microplastics in marine sediments for evaluating their pollution status and quantitative contribution to marine carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiang-Po Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Bei-Ying Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnc, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jin-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qin-Qing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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32
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Tai W, Wu W, Wang LL, Ni H, Chen C, Yang J, Zang T, Zou Y, Xu XM, Zhang CL. In vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia enables adult neurogenesis and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:923-937.e4. [PMID: 33675690 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays critical roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and responding to neurogenic insults. However, the adult mammalian spinal cord lacks an intrinsic capacity for neurogenesis. Here we show that spinal cord injury (SCI) unveils a latent neurogenic potential of NG2+ glial cells, which can be exploited to produce new neurons and promote functional recovery after SCI. Although endogenous SOX2 is required for SCI-induced transient reprogramming, ectopic SOX2 expression is necessary and sufficient to unleash the full neurogenic potential of NG2 glia. Ectopic SOX2-induced neurogenesis proceeds through an expandable ASCL1+ progenitor stage and generates excitatory and inhibitory propriospinal neurons, which make synaptic connections with ascending and descending spinal pathways. Importantly, SOX2-mediated reprogramming of NG2 glia reduces glial scarring and promotes functional recovery after SCI. These results reveal a latent neurogenic potential of somatic glial cells, which can be leveraged for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Haoqi Ni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tong Zang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuhua Zou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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34
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Deng LX, Liu NK, Wen RN, Yang SN, Wen X, Xu XM. Laminin-coated multifilament entubulation, combined with Schwann cells and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, promotes unidirectional axonal regeneration in a rat model of thoracic spinal cord hemisection. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:186-191. [PMID: 32788475 PMCID: PMC7818857 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.289436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial bridging provides physical substrates to guide axonal growth across the lesion. To achieve efficient directional guidance, combinatory strategies using permissive matrix, cells and trophic factors are necessary. In the present study, we evaluated permissive effect of poly (acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride) guidance channels filled by different densities of laminin-precoated unidirectional polypropylene filaments combined with Schwann cells, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for axonal regeneration through a T10 hemisected spinal cord gap in adult rats. We found that channels with filaments significantly reduced the lesion cavity, astrocytic gliosis, and inflammatory responses at the graft-host boundaries. The laminin coated low density filament provided the most favorable directional guidance for axonal regeneration which was enhanced by co-grafting of Schwann cells and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. These results demonstrate that the combinatorial strategy of filament-filled guiding scaffold, adhesive molecular laminin, Schwann cells, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, provides optimal topographical cues in stimulating directional axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. This study was approved by Indiana University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC #:11011) on October 29, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ryan Ning Wen
- Maggie L. Walker Governor's School, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shuang-Ni Yang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Liu Y, Xie JX, Niu F, Xu Z, Tan P, Shen C, Gao H, Liu S, Ma Z, So KF, Wu W, Chen C, Gao S, Xu XM, Zhu H. Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing walking training improves neurological recoveries in 320 patients with clinically complete spinal cord injury: a prospective self-controlled study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:820-829. [PMID: 33229715 PMCID: PMC8178778 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of trials in the SCI field have been conducted, few proven gains have been realized for patients. In the present study, we determined the efficacy of a novel combination treatment involving surgical intervention and long-term weight-bearing walking training in spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects clinically diagnosed as complete or American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) Class A (AIS-A). A total of 320 clinically complete SCI subjects (271 male and 49 female), aged 16–60 years, received early (≤ 7 days, n = 201) or delayed (8–30 days, n = 119) surgical interventions to reduce intraspinal or intramedullary pressure. Fifteen days post-surgery, all subjects received a weight-bearing walking training with the “Kunming Locomotion Training Program (KLTP)” for a duration of 6 months. The neurological deficit and recovery were assessed using the AIS scale and a 10-point Kunming Locomotor Scale (KLS). We found that surgical intervention significantly improved AIS scores measured at 15 days post-surgery as compared to the pre-surgery baseline scores. Significant improvement of AIS scores was detected at 3 and 6 months and the KLS further showed significant improvements between all pair-wise comparisons of time points of 15 days, 3 or 6 months indicating continued improvement in walking scores during the 6-month period. In conclusion, combining surgical intervention within 1 month post-injury and weight-bearing locomotor training promoted continued and statistically significant neurological recoveries in subjects with clinically complete SCI, which generally shows little clinical recovery within the first year after injury and most are permanently disabled. This study was approved by the Science and Research Committee of Kunming General Hospital of PLA and Kunming Tongren Hospital, China and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04034108) on July 26, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Liu
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jia-Xin Xie
- Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Niu
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhexi Xu
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pengju Tan
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Song Liu
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute for Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute for Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Re-Stem Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Kunming International Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital; Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Peng K, Sant D, Andersen N, Silvera R, Camarena V, Piñero G, Graham R, Khan A, Xu XM, Wang G, Monje PV. Magnetic separation of peripheral nerve-resident cells underscores key molecular features of human Schwann cells and fibroblasts: an immunochemical and transcriptomics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18433. [PMID: 33116158 PMCID: PMC7595160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve-derived human Schwann cell (SC) cultures are irreplaceable models for basic and translational research but their use can be limited due to the risk of fibroblast overgrowth. Fibroblasts are an ill-defined population consisting of highly proliferative cells that, contrary to human SCs, do not undergo senescence in culture. We initiated this study by performing an exhaustive immunological and functional characterization of adult nerve-derived human SCs and fibroblasts to reveal their properties and optimize a protocol of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate them effectively both as viable and biologically competent cells. We next used immunofluorescence microscopy imaging, flow cytometry analysis and next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to unambiguously characterize the post-MACS cell products. High resolution transcriptome profiling revealed the identity of key lineage-specific transcripts and the clearly distinct neural crest and mesenchymal origin of human SCs and fibroblasts, respectively. Our analysis underscored a progenitor- or stem cell-like molecular phenotype in SCs and fibroblasts and the heterogeneity of the fibroblast populations. In addition, pathway analysis of RNA-seq data highlighted putative bidirectional networks of fibroblast-to-SC signaling that predict a complementary, yet seemingly independent contribution of SCs and fibroblasts to nerve regeneration. In sum, combining MACS with immunochemical and transcriptomics approaches provides an ideal workflow to exhaustively assess the identity, the stage of differentiation and functional features of highly purified cells from human peripheral nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Peng
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Sant
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natalia Andersen
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Risset Silvera
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir Camarena
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gonzalo Piñero
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, and CONICET, Instituto de Química Y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regina Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula V Monje
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Lin XJ, Liu R, Li C, Yi X, Fu B, Walker MJ, Xu XM, Sun G, Lin CH. Melatonin ameliorates spatial memory and motor deficits via preserving the integrity of cortical and hippocampal dendritic spine morphology in mice with neurotrauma. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1553-1566. [PMID: 32959092 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the role of cortical and hippocampal dendritic spines on neurological deficits associated with hippocampal microgliosis, hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in mice with cortical compact impact (CCI) injury. In the present study, we found that CCI reduced spatial memory mean latency (10 s. vs 50 s) and motor dysfunction (130 s. vs 150 s.) in mice, as determined by Morris water maze and rotarod test, respectively. Golgi staining of cortical pyramidal neurons revealed that, compared to the controls, the CCI group treated with vehicle solution had significantly lower values of dendritic order (or dendritic branch number) (4.0 vs 6.2), total spine length (400 μm vs 620 μm) and spine density (40 spines/μm vs 60 spines/μm), but had significantly higher values of dendritic beading (40 beadings/mm vs 20 beadings/mm). Additionally, Sholl analysis showed that, compared to controls, the CCI + NS group mice had significantly lower values of dendritic intersections (1.0 vs 2.0). Immunofluorescence assay also revealed that, compared to controls, the CCI + NS group mice had significantly higher values of the newly formed hippocampal cells (1250/mm2 vs 1000/mm2) but significantly lower values of dendritic order (2.0 branch # vs 4.2 branch #), total spine length (180 μm vs 320 μm) and intersection (1.0 vs 3.0). The CCI + NS group mice further showed significantly higher numbers of microglia in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluids. All the CCI-induced spatial memory (40 s) and motor (150 s) dysfunction, deranged dendritic and spine morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons or hippocampal newly formed cells, hippocampal microgliosis, and central neuroinflammation were all significantly reduced by melatonin administration during post-CCI. Simultaneously, melatonin therapy caused an enhancement in the compensatory hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic growth factors (e.g., doublecortin-1) and compensatory central anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results indicate that melatonin attenuates the spatial memory and motor deficits via the modification of cortical and hippocampal dendritic spine morphology, hippocampal microgliosis and neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in mice with traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - M J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Goodman and Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Goodman and Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Han XY, Xu XM, Ju YQ, Tian ZJ. [Analysis of implant placement accuracy using freehand in 68 consecutive patients with 97 implants]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2020; 29:440-444. [PMID: 33089299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the accuracy of implant position in simple cases by freehand. METHODS Ninety-seven implants of 68 patients from 3 surgeons were selected.After operation,the deviations of implant position at shoulder apex and angle were measured using cone-beam CT(CBCT).The mean of three parameters were calculated with SPSS 22.0 software package, and the differences were analyzed between three surgeons,three operation areas,free-end missing and non free-end missing. RESULTS The deviations of 97 implants were (0.76±0.57)mm,(1.41±0.90)mm,(4.76±3.68)° at shoulder, apex and angle.The deviation of shoulder apex and angle between three surgeons was significantly different(P<0.05). The deviations between left and right group were not significantly different (P>0.05); the deviations between anterior group and left group were significantly different(P<0.05); the deviations between anterior group and right group were not significantly different(P>0.05). The deviation of shoulder between free-end missing area and non free-end missing area was significantly different(P<0.05),other parameters between the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The deviation of implant placement between surgical guide and mental guide were similar in simple cases. The experience of surgeon was important during freehand implant placement. The deviations were lower when missing tooth is in anterior area than in posterior area, whereas the same at shoulder in non free-end missing area than in free-end missing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yong Han
- Dental Implant Clinic, Shanghai Minhang District Dental Center. Shanghai 201107, China. E-mail:
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Xu XM, Liu YH, Li WJ, Wang L, Yu XH, Tian YJ. [Effect of oral health education with children popular oral science short drama on oral health care KAP among 10-year-old children]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2020; 29:304-307. [PMID: 33043349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of health education with children popular oral science short drama on 10-year-old children's oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and provide evidence for oral health education methods for children. METHODS A oral health education short drama for children was filmed. 10-year-old children from a primary school in Minhang district, Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. The groups were asked to watch the drama on campus at enrollment and the first month for health education. Self-made questionnaires were used to conduct corresponding oral health KAP surveys at the time of enrollment, the first month and the sixth month. The survey results were compared using SPSS 21.0 software package for t test and Chi-square test, to compare the changes in oral health KAP scores and the accuracy of each question before and after oral health education. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-four children were followed-up. Before the intervention, the subjects' oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were (21.02±12.54), (74.48±19.87), (31.90±22.39), and (57.05±17.56), (85.06±14.97), (55.03±29.32) at the first month; and (71.76±16.27), (91.49±12.40), (73.99±27.46) at the 6th month, respectively. Compared with those before the intervention, significant increases were observed (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in KAP scores between different genders, but there were significant differences in knowledge and behavior scores at 1 and 6 months after intervention between different genders(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS School oral health education through children oral science short drama has a good effect on improving the knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health care for 10-year-old children, and it is more effective when repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Xu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai 200001, China. E-mail:
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Jiang FN, Dai LJ, Wu YD, Yang SB, Liang YX, Zhang X, Zou CY, He RQ, Xu XM, Zhong WD. The study of multiple diagnosis models of human prostate cancer based on Taylor database by artificial neural networks. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:471-477. [PMID: 32217993 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy seen in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The incidence and mortality associated with PCa has been rapidly increasing in China recently. METHODS Multiple diagnostic models of human PCa were developed based on Taylor database by combining the artificial neural networks (ANNs) to enhance the ability of PCa diagnosis. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select feature genes as numerical encoded parameters that reflect cancer, metastatic, or normal samples. Back propagation (BP) neural network and learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network were used to build different Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade diagnostic models. RESULTS The performance of these modeling approaches was evaluated by predictive accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). By observing the statistically significant parameters of the three training sets, our Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade models' with ACC and AUC can be drawn (97.33%, 0.9832), (99.17%, 0.9952), and (90.48%, 0.8742), respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicated that our diagnostic models of human PCa based on Taylor database combining the feature gene expression profiling data and artificial intelligence algorithms might act as a powerful tool for diagnosing PCa. Gleason Grade diagnostic models were used as novel prognostic diagnosis models for biochemical recurrence-free survival and overall survival, which might be helpful in the prognostic diagnosis of PCa in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng-Bang Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangzhou HYY Precision&Translation Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Yun Zou
- Guangzhou HYY Precision&Translation Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Qiang He
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Lin X, Lin CH, Liu R, Li C, Jiao S, Yi X, Walker MJ, Xu XM, Zhao T, Huang PC, Sun G. Myricetin against myocardial injury in rat heat stroke model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110194. [PMID: 32371315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke-induced mortality is rising across the globe. So, the design of prophylactic and/or therapeutic modalities for heat stroke is pressing need. The common plant derived flavonoid exhibits strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its effects in heat stroke remain unknown. The study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of myricetin on heat stroke induced acute myocardial injury as well as lethality in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial injury was induced by subjecting the anesthetized rats to a high ambient temperature of 43 °C for 70 min. An intragastrical dose of myricetin (5-25 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats once per day for one week prior to the start of heat stress. Heat shock protein 72 antibodies was given intraperitoneally to rats 24 h before the start of heat stress. Myocardial injury severity was estimated by determing myocardial damage scores, myocardial injury indicators, myocardial oxidative and inflammatory factors. Western blot analysis was used for cardiac expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation of HSP-72 after chronic administration of myricetin coincided with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in hyperthermia, hypotension, cardiac inflammatory and oxidative damage and lethality. Inhibition of HSP-72 showed a significant (P < 0.05) reversal in the cardiaprotection as well as survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that myricetin diminishes myocardial injury as well as lethality in heat stroke by up-regulating HSP-72 and show promise as a novel prevention therapeutic for heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuxin Jiao
- Department of Neuroscience, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - M J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tingbao Zhao
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Po-Chang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China.
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Abstract
The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has very limited regenerative capacity upon neural injuries or under degenerative conditions. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made on in vivo cell fate reprogramming for neural regeneration. Resident glial cells can be reprogrammed into neuronal progenitors and mature neurons in the CNS of adult mammals. In this review article, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on innate adult neurogenesis under pathological conditions and then focus on induced neurogenesis through cell fate reprogramming. We discuss how the reprogramming process can be regulated and raise critical issues requiring careful considerations to move the field forward. With emerging evidence, we envision that fate reprogramming-based regenerative medicine will have a great potential for treating neurological conditions such as brain injury, spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Lin XJ, Wen S, Deng LX, Dai H, Du X, Chen C, Walker MJ, Zhao TB, Xu XM. Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32281968 DOI: 10.3791/57126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to impairments of sensorimotor functions and is clinically the most frequent type of SCI. Human Brown-Séquard syndrome is a common type of incomplete SCI caused by a lesion to one half of the spinal cord which results in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilesional) side as the injury, and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (or contralesional) side. Adequate methodologies for producing a spinal cord lateral hemisection (HX) and assessing neurological impairments are essential to establish a reliable animal model of Brown-Séquard syndrome. Although lateral hemisection model plays a pivotal role in basic and translational research, standardized protocols for creating such a hemisection and assessing unilateralized function are lacking. The goal of this study is to describe step-by-step procedures to produce a rat spinal lateral HX at the 9th thoracic (T9) vertebral level. We, then, describe a combined behavior scale for HX (CBS-HX) that provides a simple and sensitive assessment of asymmetric neurological performance for unilateral SCI. The CBS-HX, ranging from 0 to 18, is composed of 4 individual assessments which include unilateral hindlimb stepping (UHS), coupling, contact placing, and grid walking. For CBS-HX, the ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimbs are assessed separately. We found that, after a T9 HX, the ipsilateral hindlimb showed impaired behavior function whereas the contralateral hindlimb showed substantial recovery. The CBS-HX effectively discriminated behavioral functions between ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimbs and detected temporal progression of recovery of the ipsilateral hindlimb. The CBS-HX components can be analyzed separately or in combination with other measures when needed. Although we only provided visual descriptions of the surgical procedures and behavioral assessments of a thoracic HX, the principle may be applied to other incomplete SCIs and at other levels of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, 960th Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA; Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Shaonan Wen
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences; Beijing Computing Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Melissa J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Ting-Bao Zhao
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, 960th Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA; Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University;
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine;
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Han Q, Xie Y, Ordaz JD, Huh AJ, Huang N, Wu W, Liu N, Chamberlain KA, Sheng ZH, Xu XM. Restoring Cellular Energetics Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Metab 2020; 31:623-641.e8. [PMID: 32130884 PMCID: PMC7188478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly energy-demanding process. Extrinsic insults and intrinsic restrictions lead to an energy crisis in injured axons, raising the question of whether recovering energy deficits facilitates regeneration. Here, we reveal that enhancing axonal mitochondrial transport by deleting syntaphilin (Snph) recovers injury-induced mitochondrial depolarization. Using three CNS injury mouse models, we demonstrate that Snph-/- mice display enhanced corticospinal tract (CST) regeneration passing through a spinal cord lesion, accelerated regrowth of monoaminergic axons across a transection gap, and increased compensatory sprouting of uninjured CST. Notably, regenerated CST axons form functional synapses and promote motor functional recovery. Administration of the bioenergetic compound creatine boosts CST regenerative capacity in Snph-/- mice. Our study provides mechanistic insights into intrinsic regeneration failure in CNS and suggests that enhancing mitochondrial transport and cellular energetics are promising strategies to promote regeneration and functional restoration after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Josue D Ordaz
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Huh
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Naikui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kelly A Chamberlain
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zhou Y, Xu XM, Feng Y. MiR-769-5p inhibits cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma by directly targeting JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Neoplasma 2020; 67:528-536. [PMID: 32064884 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2020_190703n582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common human malignancy worldwide with a high mortality rate. MiR-769-5p has been reported to be downregulated in tissues and blood of OSCC patients. However, the exact roles and pathogenesis of miR-769-5p involved in OSCC remain unclear. The expressions of miR-769-5p and Janus kinase (JAK1) in OSCC tissues and cells were assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. Expressions of apoptotic-related (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase 3) and EMT-associated proteins (MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin) were detected by western blot assay. The effect of miR-769-5p and JAK1 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis was evaluated by CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The binding interaction of miR-769-5p and JAK1 were predicted by TargetScan and demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The volume and weight of the tumor were measured in the subcutaneous transplantation experiment. MiR-769-5p was downregulated, and JAK1 was upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells. MiR-769-5p restrained Bcl-2, MMP9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin protein level and accelerated Bax, cleaved-caspase 3 and E-cadherin protein level, while JAK1 partly overturned these effects. Also, miR-769-5p suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and increased apoptosis of OSCC, while the reintroduction of JAK1 abolished these effects. Moreover, JAK1 was verified to be the target of miR-769-5p. In addition, miR-769-5p inhibited the development of OSCC cells in vivo. These results indicate that miR-769-5p suppressed OSCC cell development via targeting the JAK1/STAT3 pathway, providing an underlying therapeutic method for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of 363, Chengdu, China
| | - X M Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Qu W, Liu NK, Wu X, Wang Y, Xia Y, Sun Y, Lai Y, Li R, Shekhar A, Xu XM. Disrupting nNOS-PSD95 Interaction Improves Neurological and Cognitive Recoveries after Traumatic Brain Injury. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3859-3871. [PMID: 31989159 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and the resulting neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, directly inhibiting NMDARs or nNOS produces adverse side effects because they play key physiological roles in the normal brain. Since interaction of nNOS-PSD95 is a key step in NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity, we investigated whether disrupting nNOS-PSD95 interaction with ZL006, an inhibitor of nNOS-PSD95 interaction, attenuates NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. In cortical neuronal cultures, ZL006 treatment significantly reduced glutamate-induced neuronal death. In a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), administration of ZL006 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at 30 min postinjury significantly inhibited nNOS-PSD95 interaction, reduced TUNEL- and phospho-p38-positive neurons in the motor cortex. ZL006 treatment also significantly reduced CCI-induced cortical expression of apoptotic markers active caspase-3, PARP-1, ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38). Functionally, ZL006 treatment significantly improved neuroscores and sensorimotor performance, reduced somatosensory and motor deficits, reversed CCI-induced memory deficits, and attenuated cognitive impairment. Histologically, ZL006 treatment significantly reduced the brain lesion volume. These findings collectively suggest that blocking nNOS-PSD95 interaction represents an attractive strategy for ameliorating consequences of TBI and that its action is mediated via inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, China
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yvonne Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, China
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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48
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Han Q, Xu XM. Neurotrophin-3-mediated locomotor recovery: a novel therapeutic strategy targeting lumbar neural circuitry after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2241-2242. [PMID: 32594037 PMCID: PMC7749477 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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49
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Zeng J, Huang YY, Xu XM, Li SH, Zuo DC. Both Caspase and Calpain are Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted BNIP3-Induced Cell Death. Folia Biol (Praha) 2020; 66:60-66. [PMID: 32851835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2/E1B-19K-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a member of the apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 family that regulates cell death. Although BNIP3 targeted normally to the mitochondrial outer membrane by its transmembrane domain was originally considered to be essential for its pro-apoptotic activity, accumulating evidence has shown that BNIP3 is localized to endoplasmic reticulum at physiological conditions and that forced expression of BNIP3 can initiate cell death via multiple pathways depending on the subcellular compartment it targets. Targeting BNIP3 to endoplasmic reticulum has been shown to participate in cell death during endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the molecular events responsible for BNIP3-induced cell death in the endoplasmic reticulum remain poorly understood. In the present study, the transmembrane domain of BNIP3 was replaced with a segment of cytochrome b5 that targets BNIP3 into endoplasmic reticulum, which induced cell death as effectively as its wild-type molecule in the SW480 cell line (colon carcinoma). Furthermore, a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and PD150606, a specific calpain inhibitor, both significantly suppressed the endoplasmic reticulum-targeted BNIP3-induced cell death. These results suggest that endoplasmic reticulum-targeted BNIP3 induced a mixed mode of cell death requiring both caspases and calpains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X M Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Li
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - D C Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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50
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Han Q, Ordaz JD, Liu NK, Richardson Z, Wu W, Xia Y, Qu W, Wang Y, Dai H, Zhang YP, Shields CB, Smith GM, Xu XM. Descending motor circuitry required for NT-3 mediated locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5815. [PMID: 31862889 PMCID: PMC6925225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotor function, mediated by lumbar neural circuitry, is modulated by descending spinal pathways. Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts descending projections and denervates lumbar motor neurons (MNs). We previously reported that retrogradely transported neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to lumbar MNs attenuated SCI-induced lumbar MN dendritic atrophy and enabled functional recovery after a rostral thoracic contusion. Here we functionally dissected the role of descending neural pathways in response to NT-3-mediated recovery after a T9 contusive SCI in mice. We find that residual projections to lumbar MNs are required to produce leg movements after SCI. Next, we show that the spared descending propriospinal pathway, rather than other pathways (including the corticospinal, rubrospinal, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways), accounts for NT-3-enhanced recovery. Lastly, we show that NT-3 induced propriospino-MN circuit reorganization after the T9 contusion via promotion of dendritic regrowth rather than prevention of dendritic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Josue D Ordaz
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zoe Richardson
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Rehabilitation and Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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