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Ji K, Sun M, Hong Y, Li L, Wang X, Li C, Yang S, Du W, Xu K, Zhou H. Association of vitamin B1 intake with geriatric cognitive function: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28119. [PMID: 38601615 PMCID: PMC11004520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cognitive performance in the noninstitutionalized older adult population of the United States remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin B1 intake and cognitive performance in older adults in the United States. Methods Vitamin B1 intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recalls. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between vitamin B1 intake and three cognitive scores (immediate recall test [IRT], animal fluency test [AFT], and digit symbol substitution test [DSST]). Cognitive performance was measured by these three tests, and individuals scoring below the lowest quartile were categorized as cognitive impairment. Sensitivity analysis, including dose-response curves, subgroup analyses, interaction effects, per 1 SD, and quartiles, were performed to ensure the accuracy of the conclusion. Results A total of 2896 participants over the age of 60 were included in this study. In the adjusted final model, the association between vitamin B1 intake and low cognitive performance in old age was statistically significant, with the following odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): IRT, 0.75 (0.57, 0.97), P = 0.018; AFT, 0.68 (0.50, 0.92), P = 0.007; DSST, 0.71 (0.54, 0.92), P = 0.005. Subgroup analyses showed that this association was statistically significant among males, white, low-education, and no memory impairment. The results of the sensitivity analyses confirmed the association between VB1 and cognitive function in old age and the absence of interactions in the final calibrated model. Conclusion Dietary vitamin B1 intake is negatively associated with cognitive performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Ji
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Chaonian Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Shengkai Yang
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
- Department of Neurocentres, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
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Nihei S, Ogawa M, Hashimoto Y, Kikuchi N, Nakazato K, Okamoto T. Arterial stiffness and physical fitness on cognitive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1845-1854. [PMID: 37329475 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether decline in cognitive function is related to arterial stiffness and reduction in physical fitness in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A total of 1554 healthy middle-aged and older adults participated in this study. The trail making test parts-A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), grip strength, the 30-s chair stand (CS-30) test, the 6-min walk (6MW) test, the 8-foot up-and-go (8UG) test and gait assessment were performed. Participants were classified into a middle-aged group (40-64 years; mean, 50.4 ± 0.2 years) or an older group (≥ 65 years; mean, 73.1 ± 0.5 years), as well as into three cognition (COG) groups (high, moderate, and low) based on median TMT-A and -B scores (high scores on both, either, or neither TMT-A and -B, respectively). RESULTS The results revealed that baPWV was significantly lower in the high-than in the moderate- and low-COG groups in both middle-aged and older adults (P < 0.05). In addition, except for a few parameters (e.g., 6MW test in middle-aged adults), physical fitness was significantly higher in the high-than in the moderate- and low-COG groups in both middle-aged and older adults (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that baPWV (P < 0.05) and some physical fitness indicators (grip strength, CS-30, and 8UG) were significantly independently associated with both TMT-A and -B in the middle-aged and older groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased arterial stiffness and reduced physical fitness are associated with impaired cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan.
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Effects of 5 Years Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med 2021; 52:1689-1699. [PMID: 34878637 PMCID: PMC9213353 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether a 5-year exercise intervention and change in peak oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak) is associated with cognitive function in older adults. Methods Nine hundred and forty-five participants (48% women, mean age at study end 78.2 ± 2.02 years) from the Generation 100 Study were randomized 2:1:1 to a control group, moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training twice weekly for 5 years. Peak oxygen uptake was measured using ergospirometry at baseline and after 5 years. Global cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) after 5 years. Results Compared to the control group, the combined moderate-intensity continuous training plus high-intensity interval training (ExComb) group did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.17, 0.69) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.66, 1.13). Men in the ExComb group had 0.80 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.21, 1.40) and 32% lower odds of MCI compared with male controls (95% CI 0.47, 0.99), with no such findings in women. In the total sample, each 1 metabolic equivalent of task increase in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak corresponded to 0.46 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.25, 0.67) and 27% lower odds of MCI (95% CI 0.63, 0.85). Compared to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak stable, participants whose \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak increased did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.24, CI − 0.68, 1.15) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.36, 1.34), whereas participants whose \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak decreased had 0.64 points lower MoCA (95% CI − 1.15, − 0.14) and 35% higher odds of MCI (95% CI 0.98, 1.87). Conclusions Overall, exercise was not significantly associated with cognition among older adults. However, maintaining or increasing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}VO2peak appeared to benefit cognition. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01666340. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01608-5.
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Carter SE, Draijer R, Stewart CE, Moss AD, Thijssen DHJ, Hopkins ND. Are acute sitting-induced changes in inflammation and cerebrovascular function related to impaired mood and cognition? SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 17:753-762. [PMID: 34721696 PMCID: PMC8550027 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sedentary behaviour is negatively associated with mood and cognition, yet how acute sitting contributes to these overall associations is unknown. Since sitting heightens inflammation and impairs cerebrovascular function, this study investigated the hypothesis that these sitting-induced changes are related to impaired mood and cognition. Methods Twenty-five healthy desk workers (18 male, 28.3 ± 7.5 years, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.3 kg∙m-2) were recruited. During laboratory visit one, participants were familiarised with cognitive performance tests measuring executive function, attention and working memory. During laboratory visit two, participants completed 6 h of continuous, uninterrupted sitting. At baseline and after 6 h, serum markers of inflammation, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv), cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity (CVR), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA), cognitive performance and mood (positive and negative affect, alert, contented and calm) were assessed. Data were analysed using paired-samples t tests and correlation analyses. Results Following sitting, C-reactive protein (∆-1.0 µg/ml) and tissue plasminogen activator (∆-360.4 pg/ml) decreased (p < 0.05), MCAv reduced (∆-2.9 cm∙s-1, p = 0.012) and normalised gain increased in the very low frequency range, indicating impaired CA (∆ + 0.22%·mmHg-1, p = 0.016). Positive affect (∆-4.6, p < 0.001), and alert (∆-10.6 p = 0.002) and contented (∆-7.4, p = 0.006) mood states also decreased following sitting. No significant changes in interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, von Willebrand factor, CVR or cognitive performance were observed (p > 0.05). The observed changes in inflammation and cerebrovascular function were not related to changes in mood (p > 0.05). Conclusion Alterations in inflammation or cerebrovascular function following six hours of prolonged, uninterrupted sitting are not related to the observed reductions in mood, indicating other mechanisms underlie the relationship between acute sitting and mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Carter
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, Nestlé Rowntree Park Sports Campus, Haxby Road, York, YO31 8TA UK
| | - Richard Draijer
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andy D Moss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola D Hopkins
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Fan Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu Y, Chang H, Jiang Y, Tuo X, Zhou L, Yu Y. Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1862. [PMID: 34654401 PMCID: PMC8520277 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, as a modifiable factor, plays an important role in cognitive function. However, the association between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and cognitive function remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether HEI-2015 is associated with various cognitive domains and whether such association is modified by age, gender, or ethnicity in the US adults aged 60 years or older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. METHODS HEI-2015 scores were calculated from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Cognitive function was evaluated by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of processing speed), Animal Fluency Test (AFT, a measure of executive function), a subtest from Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD, a measure of memory), and a composite-z score calculated by summing z scores of individual tests. The associations between HEI-2015 scores and cognitive performance were explored using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS A total of 2450 participants aged 60 years or older were included. Participants with higher HEI-2015 scores were more likely to have higher DSST, AFT as well as composite-z scores (P<0.05). Significant interaction effects were identified between HEI-2015 and ethnicity in specific cognitive domains (Pinteraction<0.05). Among HEI-2015 components, higher intakes of whole fruits and seafood and plant protein were associated with better cognitive performance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Higher adherence to DGA is associated with better cognitive performance, especially regarding processing speed and executive function among the US adults aged 60 years or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiao Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yude Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxia Tuo
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Krell-Roesch J, Syrjanen JA, Bezold J, Trautwein S, Barisch-Fritz B, Kremers WK, Machulda MM, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Woll A, Vassilaki M, Geda YE. Lack of physical activity, neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment in older community-dwelling individuals. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examined the longitudinal association and interaction between lack of engaging in physical activity (PA) and presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) with the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors conducted a prospective cohort study in the setting of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Minnesota, USA, involving 3083 cognitively unimpaired persons aged ≥ 50 years (1570 males; median age, 74 years). Predictors included: lack of engaging in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA within 1 year of baseline assessment as measured by a self-reported questionnaire; and presence of NPS (agitation, anxiety, apathy, appetite change, sleep/nighttime disturbance, depression, irritability, clinical depression, clinical anxiety) as measured by standardized tools. When the authors detected a statistically significant interaction, they compared the risk of incident MCI between four groups of participants (no NPS/engaging in PA = reference group; NPS/engaging in PA; no NPS/not engaging in PA; NPS/not engaging in PA) by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age (as time scale), sex, education, global cognition, medical comorbidities, and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 599 participants developed incident MCI. Not engaging in vigorous intensity PA and having sleep/nighttime disturbance (HR [95% CI], 1.61 [1.07, 2.43]; p = 0.021), clinical depression (1.98 [1.34, 2.92]; p < 0.001) or clinical anxiety (1.63 [1.11, 2.41]; p = 0.013) was associated with an increased risk of incident MCI as compared to the reference group. Thus, the combined presence of lack of vigorous intensity physical activity with sleep/nighttime disturbance behavior, clinical depression, or clinical anxiety was greater than the expected arithmetic sum of their independent effects. Neuropsychiatric symptoms appear to be a stronger driving force of incident MCI than lack of physical activity.
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Batsis JA, Haudenschild C, Roth RM, Gooding TL, Roderka MN, Masterson T, Brand J, Lohman MC, Mackenzie TA. Incident Impaired Cognitive Function in Sarcopenic Obesity: Data From the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:865-872.e5. [PMID: 34248422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of obesity with sarcopenia is increasing in adults aged ≥65 years. This geriatric syndrome places individuals at risk for synergistic complications that leads to long-term functional decline. We ascertained the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and incident long-term impaired global cognitive function in a representative US population. Design A longitudinal, secondary data set analysis using the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. Setting Community-based older adults in the United States. Participants Participants without baseline impaired cognitive function aged ≥65 years with grip strength and body mass index measures. Methods Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project grip strength cut points (men <35.5 kg; women <20 kg), and obesity was defined using standard body mass index (BMI) categories. Impaired global cognition was identified as impairment in the Alzheimer's Disease-8 score or immediate/delayed recall, orientation, clock-draw test, date/person recall. Proportional hazard models ascertained the risk of impaired cognitive function over 8 years (referent = neither obesity or sarcopenia). Results Of the 5822 participants (55.7% women), median age category was 75 to 80, and mean grip strength and BMI were 26.4 kg and 27.5 kg/m2, respectively. Baseline prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 12.9%, with an observed subset of 21.2% participants having impaired cognitive function at follow-up. Compared with those without sarcopenia or obesity, the risk of impaired cognitive function was no different in obesity alone [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-1.16]), but was significantly higher in sarcopenia (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42-1.80) and sarcopenic obesity (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.03-1.40). There was no significant interaction term between sarcopenia and obesity. Conclusions Both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are associated with an increased long-term risk of impaired cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Batsis
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christian Haudenschild
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
| | - Robert M Roth
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Neuropsychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Tyler L Gooding
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | | | - John Brand
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Todd A Mackenzie
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
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Relationship Between Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity at Work and Cognition and Mood. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1140-1152. [PMID: 33065528 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is negatively associated with cognition and mood. Adults often engage in high levels of sedentary behavior at work through sitting, which may impact productivity. Consequently, replacing sitting with standing and physical activity (PA) is recommended. However, the associations between sitting, standing, and PA at work and cognition and mood are unknown; this study, therefore, aimed to explore these relationships. METHODS A total of 75 healthy full-time workers (33 male, mean [SD]; 33.6 [10.4] y, 38 [7] work hr/wk) wore sedentary behavior (activPAL) and PA (SenseWear Pro) monitors for 7 days and recorded their work hours. The day after this monitoring period, participants completed cognitive tests (executive function, attention, and working memory) and mood questionnaires (affect, alert, content, and calm). Multiple linear regression analyses examined the associations between cognition and mood and the time spent sitting, standing, and in each PA intensity during work hours, weekday leisure time, and weekends. RESULTS Workplace sitting, standing, or PA were not significantly associated with cognition or mood (P > .05). No significant associations were observed between these variables during weekday leisure time or weekends (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of healthy workers, workplace sitting, standing, and PA are not associated with cognition or mood. Further research in this population is needed, examining the influence of workplace behaviors on cognition and mood, because this will contribute to evidence-based workplace guidelines to increase productivity.
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Kennedy G, Meyer D, Hardman RJ, Macpherson H, Scholey AB, Pipingas A. Modelling Modifiable Predictors of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Exercise, Aortic Stiffness, and the Importance of Physical Fitness. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:79-89. [PMID: 32467878 PMCID: PMC7242822 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous modelling found that fitness and aortic stiffness both independently predicted spatial working memory (SWM) performance in older people. There is also evidence that greater engagement in moderate intensity exercise contributes to better cognitive performance, potentially working through improving fitness and aortic stiffness. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exercise on the previously established relationships between fitness, aortic stiffness, and SWM, and whether these associations differ between older adults of higher and lower fitness. METHODS One hundred and two residents of independent living facilities, aged 60-90 (M = 77.5, SD = 6.9) participated in the study. Measures included computerized cognitive assessment, the Six-Minute Walk fitness test, the CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire, and aortic pulse wave analysis. Multiple structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. RESULTS Overall, exercise levels had a small additional effect in predicting SWM, working exclusively through fitness, although this was only true for those of lower than average fitness. Additionally, it was found that while fitness was the most important factor in predicting SWM in those of lower fitness, aortic stiffness was the strongest predictor in those of higher fitness. CONCLUSION Fitness and aortic stiffness are strong predictors of cognition in older people, and greater engagement in exercise predicted better cognition in those who were of lower fitness. Fitter older people may benefit more from interventions which target aortic stiffness in order to preserve cognitive performance as they age, while those who are less fit may benefit most from improving fitness first, including through increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roy J. Hardman
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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El Bizri I, Batsis JA. Linking epidemiology and molecular mechanisms in sarcopenic obesity in populations. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-9. [PMID: 32054546 PMCID: PMC7426243 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recognising the adverse outcomes that occur to obese adults over the age of 65 years with loss of muscle mass or strength, or sarcopenia is important. We will review the definitions of sarcopenic obesity, and attempt to link the epidemiological data with the molecular pathways. Upon understanding the model of sarcopenic obesity, we will discuss targeted interventions and further challenges to address this geriatric syndrome. As our understanding of this syndrome is growing, more data are emerging to help define sarcopenic obesity across different populations. We now have a better understanding of biological pathways in ageing such as changes in body composition, sex-specific hormones, pro-inflammatory markers and myocellular mechanisms. We will review a comprehensive model that shows the interactions between the different pathways leading to sarcopenic obesity. Such a model will explain the promising interventions in place and invite future ones. Sarcopenic obesity is an important geriatric syndrome with significant clinical and healthcare implications. Further research is needed to harmonise definitions, clarify mechanisms contributing to syndrome and use evidence-based interventions to target biological mechanisms in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam El Bizri
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - John A. Batsis
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
- Section of Weight & Wellness, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
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Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Maideen MFB, Lira FS. Pathophysiological Features of Obesity and its Impact on Cognition: Exercise Training as a Non-Pharmacological Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:916-931. [PMID: 31942854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of individuals with obesity is growing worldwide and this is a worrying trend, as obesity has shown to cause pathophysiological changes, which result in the emergence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. In addition, cognitive performance may be compromised by immunometabolic deregulation of obesity. Although in more critical cases, the use of medications is recommended, a physically active lifestyle is one of the main foundations for health maintenance, making physical training an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of excessive fat accumulation. AIM The purpose of this review of the literature is to present the impact of immunometabolic alterations on cognitive function in individuals with obesity, and the role of exercise training as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the inflammatory profile, energy metabolism and neuroplasticity in obesity. METHOD An overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity to establish a possible link with cognitive performance in obese individuals, with the executive function being one of the most affected cognitive components. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) profile and its impact on cognition in obese individuals are discussed. Lastly, studies showing regular resistance and/or aerobic training, which may be able to improve the pathophysiological condition and cognitive performance through the improvement of the inflammatory profile, decreased insulin resistance and higher BDNF production are discussed. CONCLUSION Exercise training is essential for reestablishment and maintenance of health by increasing energy expenditure, insulin resistance reduction, anti-inflammatory proteins and neurotrophin production corroborating to upregulation of body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad F B Maideen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Memory Function: Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050127. [PMID: 31075908 PMCID: PMC6572478 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important predictor of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic health. To extend our knowledge on the health effects associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness on memory function. Materials and Methods: Embase/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Sports Discus, and PsychInfo databases were searched. Inclusionary criteria included: (1) were conducted among adult humans (18+ years), (2) evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness as the independent variable, (3) measured cardiorespiratory fitness with an objective device (e.g., indirect calorimetry), (4) evaluated memory function (any type) as the outcome measure, and (5) included either a cross-sectional, prospective, or experimental-study design. Information on the participant’s characteristics, study design, cardiorespiratory fitness assessment, memory type, whether the study statistically controlled for exercise behavior, and study results were extracted. The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and memory was synthesized while considering the data extraction parameters. Results: In total, 17 articles met the inclusionary criteria, including two prospective cohort studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. The main findings of this review are twofold: (1) across the 17 evaluated studies, 15 (88.2%) studies demonstrated some evidence of a positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and memory function, and (2) none of these 17 studies statistically controlled for physical activity behavior. Conclusion: CRF appears to be positively associated with memory function, however, it is uncertain as to whether this association occurs independently of physical activity or is mediated via physical activity behavior.
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Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Ngandu T, Solomon A, Komulainen P, Paajanen T, Antikainen R, Kivipelto M, Soininen H, Rauramaa R. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition: Longitudinal Associations in the FINGER Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:961-968. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Karolinska Institutet Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Teemu Paajanen
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Institute of Health Sciences/Geriatrics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu City Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institutet Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Blough J, Loprinzi PD. Experimental Evaluation of the Joint Effects of Exercise and Sedentary Behavior on Cognitive Function. J Lifestyle Med 2019; 9:52-59. [PMID: 30918834 PMCID: PMC6425905 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2019.9.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential joint effects of sedentary behavior and exercise on cognitive function. Methods Participants (Mage = 20 yrs) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. The No Exercise Group (n = 19) was instructed to reduce steps to less than 5000/day and were not allowed to exercise for one-week; the Reduced MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous PA) Group (n = 18) was instructed to reduce steps to less than 5000/day but exercised for 50% of their previously reported vigorous PA for one-week; and the Control Group (n = 20) maintained normal activity for one-week. Cognitive functions (via Stroop and Trail Making tasks) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and after one week of resumed normal activity for the intervention groups. Results Statistically significant main effects for time were observed for Stroop Congruent (Ftime = 11.7, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.18), Stroop Incongruent (Ftime = 19.4, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.26), Stroop Control (Ftime = 54.4, p > 0.001, η 2 p = 0.50), Trail Making-A (Ftime = 19.1, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.26) and Trail Making-B (Ftime = 13.8, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.21) tasks. However, there were no statistically significant group x time interactions (all p's > 0.05) for any of the cognitive parameters. Conclusion These experimental findings do not suggest an interaction effect between sedentary behavior and physical activity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Blough
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Brinkman TM, Lown EA, Li C, Olsson IT, Marchak JG, Stuber ML, Vuotto S, Srivastava D, Nathan PC, Leisenring W, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Krull KR. Alcohol consumption behaviors and neurocognitive dysfunction and emotional distress in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Addiction 2019; 114:226-235. [PMID: 30194889 PMCID: PMC6421854 DOI: 10.1111/add.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the level of alcohol consumption behaviors in adult survivors of childhood cancer and to test associations between alcohol consumption behaviors and symptoms of neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up of self-reported health outcomes. SETTING Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a 26-center study of ≥ 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed ≤ 21 years of age between 1970 and 1986 in the United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4484 adult survivors of childhood cancer [mean (standard deviation) age at evaluation = 34.8 (6.1) years; time from diagnosis = 24.8 (4.4) years] and 1651 sibling controls who completed surveys reporting on alcohol use, neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress. MEASUREMENTS Survivor report of alcohol use included age at drinking initiation and quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. Neurocognition was assessed using the CCSS Neurocognitive Questionnaire. Emotional distress symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptoms Inventory-18 and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. FINDINGS After adjustment for childhood cancer treatment exposures, including cranial radiation therapy, drinking initiation prior to 18 years of age was associated with 30% increased risk of subsequent memory problems [risk ratio (RR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-1.5]. Younger age at drinking initiation was associated with future risk of depression (RR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.5), anxiety (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3-2.1), and somatization (RR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1-1.4). Persistent heavy/risky drinking was associated with 80% increased risk of persistent psychological distress (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4-2.3). CONCLUSIONS Drinking initiation during adolescence is associated with modest increased risk for memory impairment and emotional distress in adult survivors of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - E. Anne Lown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Chenghong Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Ingrid Tonning Olsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Stefanie Vuotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | - Paul C. Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto
| | - Wendy Leisenring
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Kevin R. Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
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Farrell SW, Abramowitz AR, Willis BL, Barlow CE, Weiner M, Falkowski J, Leonard D, Pavlovic A, DeFina LF. The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores in Older Adults. Gerontology 2018; 64:440-445. [PMID: 29843126 DOI: 10.1159/000489336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known regarding the association between objective measures of physical function such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive function tests in healthy older adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between CRF and cognitive function in adults aged 55 and older. METHODS Between 2008 and 2017, 4,931 men and women underwent a comprehensive preventive physical exam at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. CRF was determined by duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In a multivariate model, adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for MoCA scores < 26 (i.e., cognitive impairment) were determined by using CRF as both a continuous and a categorical variable. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 61.0 ± 6.0 years; mean maximal MET values were 10.0 ± 2.2. Mean MoCA scores were 26.9 ± 2.2; 23.4% of the sample had MoCA scores indicative of cognitive impairment. The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 0.93 (0.88-0.97) per 1-MET increment in CRF. When examined as a categorical variable, and using the lowest CRF quintile as the referent, there was a significantly reduced likelihood for cognitive impairment across the remaining ordered CRF categories (p trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION The association between CRF and MoCA score in older adults suggests that meeting or exceeding public health guidelines for physical activity is likely to increase CRF in low fit individuals, maintain CRF in those with a moderate to high level of CRF, and thereby help to maintain cognitive function in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Myron Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jed Falkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Moderate intensity physical activity associates with CSF biomarkers in a cohort at risk for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2018. [PMID: 29527551 PMCID: PMC5842318 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration, evidence of which may be detected in vivo via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. Physical activity (PA) has emerged as a possible modifier of these AD-related pathological changes. Consequently, the aim of this study was to cross-sectionally examine the relationship between objectively measured PA and CSF levels of Aβ42 and tau in asymptomatic late-middle-aged adults at risk for AD. Methods Eighty-five cognitively healthy late-middle-aged adults (age = 64.31 years, 61.2% female) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. They wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) for one week to record free-living PA, yielding measures of sedentariness and various intensities of PA (i.e., light, moderate, and vigorous). They also underwent lumbar puncture to collect CSF, from which Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were immunoassayed. Regression analyses were used to examine the association between accelerometer measures and CSF biomarkers, adjusting for age, sex, and other relevant covariates. Results Engagement in moderate PA was associated with higher Aβ42 (P = .008), lower total tau/Aβ42 (P = .006), and lower phosphorylated tau/Aβ42 (P = .030). In contrast, neither light nor vigorous PA was associated with any of the biomarkers. Increased sedentariness was associated with reduced Aβ42 (P = .014). Discussions In this cohort, moderate PA, but not light or vigorous, was associated with a favorable AD biomarker profile, while sedentariness was associated with greater Aβ burden. These findings suggest that a physically active lifestyle may play a protective role against the development of AD.
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Ku PW, Liu YT, Lo MK, Chen LJ, Stubbs B. Higher levels of objectively measured sedentary behavior is associated with worse cognitive ability: Two-year follow-up study in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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