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Mohd Isa NI, Syafruddin SE, Mokhtar MH, Zainal Abidin S, Jaffar FHF, Ugusman A, Hamid AA. Potential Roles of microRNAs for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Pre-Eclampsia-Exposed Postpartum Women and Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16842. [PMID: 38069164 PMCID: PMC10706476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia, which is part of the spectrum of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, poses a significant health burden, contributing to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Pre-eclampsia is widely associated with persistent adverse effects on the cardiovascular health of women with a history of pre-eclampsia. Additionally, there is increasing evidence demonstrating that offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies have altered cardiac structure and function, as well as different vascular physiology due to the decrease in endothelial function. Therefore, early detection of the likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia-associated cardiovascular diseases is vital, as this could facilitate the undertaking of the necessary clinical measures to avoid disease progression. The utilisation of microRNAs as biomarkers is currently on the rise as microRNAs have been found to play important roles in regulating various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In regard to pre-eclampsia, recent studies have shown that the expression of microRNAs is altered in postpartum women and their offspring who have been exposed to pre-eclampsia, and that these alterations may persist for several years. This review, therefore, addresses changes in microRNA expression found in postpartum women and offspring exposed to pre-eclampsia, their involvement in cardiovascular disease, and the potential role of microRNAs to be used as predictive tools and therapeutic targets in future cardiovascular disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Iffah Mohd Isa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.I.); (M.H.M.); (F.H.F.J.); (A.U.)
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.I.); (M.H.M.); (F.H.F.J.); (A.U.)
| | - Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
| | - Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.I.); (M.H.M.); (F.H.F.J.); (A.U.)
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.I.); (M.H.M.); (F.H.F.J.); (A.U.)
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.I.); (M.H.M.); (F.H.F.J.); (A.U.)
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Li N, Gu Y, Tang J, Li Y, Chen D, Xu Z. Circulating Non-coding RNAs and Exosomes: Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Preeclampsia. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:263-277. [PMID: 37450125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality, due to ineffective treatment and diagnostic strategies, compounded by the lack of clarity on the etiology of the disorder. The early prediction or accurate diagnosis of PE is a concern of researchers. Liquid biopsy can be analyzed for cell-free nucleic acids and exosomes. Because circulating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and peripheral blood exosomes can be detected in the peripheral blood of women in early pregnancy, these vesicles and their contents have become the focus of research on early predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia. In this review, we focus on recent studies addressing the roles of circulating ncRNAs and exosomes in PE, with particular attention paid to the potential application value of placenta-derived exosomes and circulating ncRNAs as PE-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Lab of Perinatal Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Lab of Perinatal Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Lab of Perinatal Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Lab of Perinatal Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Li Z, Wang J, Li D, Chen H, Meng T. miR-372-3p promotes preeclampsia progression by regulating twist1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:723. [PMID: 36686218 PMCID: PMC9834874 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-related disorder worldwide. PE is mainly characterized by the defective migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported to serve an important role in PE. The purpose of the study was to explore the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of preeclampsia. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of miR-372-3p were upregulated in placental tissues from patients with PE. Notably, the expression levels of miR-372-3p were significantly upregulated in patients with early-onset PE compared with patients with late-onset PE. Moreover, in vitro analysis using wound healing, Transwell and western blotting assays demonstrated that miR-372-3p overexpression inhibited the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and a dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-372-3p is sponged by twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (twist1). Rescue experiments found that miR-372-3p overexpression suppressed trophoblast cell migration, invasion and EMT by downregulating the expression of twist1. In conclusion, the present study revealed that high level of miR-372-3p may act as a factor to cause PE and may also be a potential novel therapeutic target for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dianting Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Tao Meng, Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Kochhar P, Vukku M, Rajashekhar R, Mukhopadhyay A. microRNA signatures associated with fetal growth restriction: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1088-1102. [PMID: 34741137 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Placental-origin microRNA (miRNA) profiles can be useful toward early diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and associated complications. We conducted a systematic review to identify case-control studies that have examined miRNA signatures associated with human FGR. We systematically searched PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for relevant articles and manually searched reference lists of the relevant articles till May 18th, 2021. Of the 2133 studies identified, 21 were included. FGR-associated upregulation of miR-210 and miR-424 and downregulation of a placenta-specific miRNA cluster miRNA located on C19MC (miR-518b, miR-519d) and miR-221-3p was reported by >1 included studies. Analysis of the target genes of these miRNA as well as pathway analysis pointed to the involvement of angiogenesis and growth signaling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway. Only 3 out of the 21 included studies reported FGR-associated miRNAs in matched placental and maternal blood samples. We conclude that FGR-associated placental miRNAs could be utilized to inform clinical practice towards early diagnosis of FGR, provided enough evidence from studies on matched placental and maternal blood samples become available.Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42019136762.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - M Vukku
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - R Rajashekhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.,Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - A Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.
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Zhou D, Xu X, Liu Y, Liu H, Cheng X, Gu Y, Xu Y, Zhu L. MiR-195-5p facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human trophoblast cells by targeting FGF2. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2122-2133. [PMID: 35716001 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE), the most significant adverse exposure to cardiovascular risk during pregnancy, is one of the three major factors contributing to maternal and fetal mortality and the leading cause of preterm birth. Recently, various miRNAs have been reported to participate in PE occurrence and development. Nevertheless, the regulatory impact of miR-195-5p in PE is still indistinct. METHODS Quantitative realtime-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay were performed to examine miR-195-5p and FGF2 expressions in PE serum samples or HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1 cells. CCK8, flow cytometry, wound scratch, and transwell assays were conducted to determine cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay unveiled the relationship between miR-195-5p and FGF2. Migration-related and invasion-related protein expressions were measured by western blot assay. RESULTS miR-195-5p was prominently downregulated while FGF2 was increased in serum samples from PE patients and hypoxia-treated human trophoblast cells. FGF2 was predicted as a downstream target of miR-195-5p and targeted association was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Functional experiments elaborated that miR-195-5p could facilitate trophoblast cell proliferation and metastasis but hinder cell cycle and apoptosis. Inversely, overexpressing of FGF2 could reverse the effects of miR-195-5p on trophoblast cell growth. DISCUSSION miR-195-5p was decreased in PE serum samples and cell lines, serving as a potential biomarker in protecting PE exacerbation by targeting FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachun Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haian People's Hospital, Haian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yannan Gu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Caracciolo D, Cordua A, Cuomo O, Grillone K, Riillo C, Caridà G, Scionti F, Labanca C, Romeo C, Siciliano MA, D'Apolito M, Napoli C, Montesano M, Farenza V, Uppolo V, Tafuni M, Falcone F, D'Aquino G, Calandruccio ND, Luciano F, Pensabene L, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. miR-221/222 as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention on cancer and other diseases: A systematic review. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1191-1224. [PMID: 35282417 PMCID: PMC8891816 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among deregulated microRNAs (miRs) in human malignancies, miR-221 has been widely investigated for its oncogenic role and as a promising biomarker. Moreover, recent evidence suggests miR-221 as a fine-tuner of chronic liver injury and inflammation-related events. Available information also supports the potential of miR-221 silencing as promising therapeutic intervention. In this systematic review, we selected papers from the principal databases (PubMed, MedLine, Medscape, ASCO, ESMO) between January 2012 and December 2020, using the keywords “miR-221” and the specific keywords related to the most important hematologic and solid malignancies, and some non-malignant diseases, to define and characterize deregulated miR-221 as a valuable therapeutic target in the modern vision of molecular medicine. We found a major role of miR-221 in this view.
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Cirkovic A, Stanisavljevic D, Milin-Lazovic J, Rajovic N, Pavlovic V, Milicevic O, Savic M, Kostic Peric J, Aleksic N, Milic N, Stanisavljevic T, Mikovic Z, Garovic V, Milic N. Preeclamptic Women Have Disrupted Placental microRNA Expression at the Time of Preeclampsia Diagnosis: Meta-Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:782845. [PMID: 35004644 PMCID: PMC8740308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.782845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-associated, multi-organ, life-threatening disease that appears after the 20th week of gestation. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether women with PE have disrupted miRNA expression compared to women who do not have PE. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported miRNAs expression levels in placenta or peripheral blood of pregnant women with vs. without PE. Studies published before October 29, 2021 were identified through PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Two reviewers used predefined forms and protocols to evaluate independently the eligibility of studies based on titles and abstracts and to perform full-text screening, data abstraction and quality assessment. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as a measure of effect size. Results: 229 publications were included in the systematic review and 53 in the meta-analysis. The expression levels in placenta were significantly higher in women with PE compared to women without PE for miRNA-16 (SMD = 1.51,95%CI = 0.55-2.46), miRNA-20b (SMD = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.33-1.45), miRNA-23a (SMD = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.25-2.78), miRNA-29b (SMD = 1.37, 95%CI = 0.36-2.37), miRNA-155 (SMD = 2.99, 95%CI = 0.83-5.14) and miRNA-210 (SMD = 1.63, 95%CI = 0.69-2.58), and significantly lower for miRNA-376c (SMD = -4.86, 95%CI = -9.51 to -0.20). An increased level of miRNK-155 expression was found in peripheral blood of women with PE (SMD = 2.06, 95%CI = 0.35-3.76), while the expression level of miRNA-16 was significantly lower in peripheral blood of PE women (SMD = -0.47, 95%CI = -0.91 to -0.03). The functional roles of the presented miRNAs include control of trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, differentiation, cellular metabolism and angiogenesis. Conclusion: miRNAs play an important role in the pathophysiology of PE. The identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in maternal blood creates an opportunity to define an easily accessible biomarker of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andja Cirkovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Stanisavljevic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milin-Lazovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Rajovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vedrana Pavlovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ognjen Milicevic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Savic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostic Peric
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Aleksic
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikola Milic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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MiR-133b regulates oxidative stress injury of trophoblasts in preeclampsia by mediating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1177-1188. [PMID: 34623553 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related syndrome. Aberrant placental microRNAs (miRNAs) expression might associate with PE, including miR-133b. However, its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains elusive. Therefore, this study explored the role of miR-133b in oxidative stress injury of trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE) by mediating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Placental tissues were collected from PE patients to detect the expression of miR-133b and JAK2/STAT3. Then, in vitro experiments were performed on human extravillous trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells, which were divided into Normal, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), H/R + miR-NC, H/R + miR-133b inhibitor, H/R + JAK2 siRNA and H/R + miR-133b inhibitor + JAK2 siRNA groups. Cell invasion and migration abilities were detected by Transwell and wound healing assays, while apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The intracellular oxidative stress levels were also measured. Furthermore, the expression of miR-133b and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. We found that miR-133b was up-regulated, with decreases in JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in placental tissues of PE patients. Additionally, HTR8/SVneo cells in the H/R group had decreased invasion and migration abilities with increased apoptotic rates and oxidative stress levels. Moreover, the expression of miR-133b was up-regulated with decreases in p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in H/R-treated HTR8/SVneo cells. These indicators in the H/R + miR-133b inhibitor group were ameliorated in comparison with those in the H/R group but deteriorated in the H/R + JAK2 siRNA group. Moreover, JAK2 siRNA reversed the positive effect of the miR-133b inhibitor on the invasion and migration abilities of trophoblasts. In summary, inhibiting miR-133b may improve oxidative stress injury to promote the migration and invasion of trophoblasts and suppress apoptosis by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Wang Z, Bao X, Song L, Tian Y, Sun P. Role of miR-106-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in oxidative stress injury and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of the mouse with gestational hypertension. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:958-968. [PMID: 31773798 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the role of miR-106-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in oxidative stress (OS) injury and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of the mouse with gestational hypertension (GH). Ninety specific pathogen-free mice (Kunming species) during middle to late gestation were selected for the study. Fifteen mice were used as control, while the rest were used for establishing the GH model. The mice were assigned to six groups: normal group (normal gestation), model group (GH model), negative control group (GH model, intravenously injected with negative control vector), miR-106a-mimic group (GH model, intravenously injected with vector overexpressing miR-106a, which mimics the overexpression of endogenous mature miR-106a), SB203580 group (GH model, intravenously injected with MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580), and miR-106a-mimic+SB203580 group (GH model, intravenously injected with SB203580 and vector overexpressing miR-106a). Fourteen days after electrical stimulation, all the groups except for the normal group had elevated blood pressure vs those on day 0 and 7. Compared with the normal group, the other groups had lower levels of miR-106a expression, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, S cell ratio, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 in the serum and liver as opposed to increased levels of blood pressure, p38MAPK mRNA expression, p-p38MAPK positive expression rate, protein expressions of p-p38MAPK, p-ERK, and p-JNK, H2 O2 and malondialdehyde in liver, G0/G1 cell ratio, apoptosis rate, and IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IFN-α in the serum and liver (all P < .05). The miR-106 overexpression or inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway can attenuate OS injury and inflammatory response in the liver of the mouse with GH, and the effect can be even better if both miR-106a overexpression and inhibiting MAPK pathway are applied. In conclusion, miR-106a overexpression can inhibit OS injury and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of the mouse with GH by mediating MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiufang Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Limeng Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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10
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Inno R, Kikas T, Lillepea K, Laan M. Coordinated Expressional Landscape of the Human Placental miRNome and Transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697947. [PMID: 34368147 PMCID: PMC8334369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta is a unique organ that serves its own function, and contributes to maternal gestational adaptation and fetal development. Coordination of its transcriptome to satisfy all the maternal-fetal needs across gestation is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are powerful transcriptome modulators capable to adjust rapidly the expression level and dynamics of large gene sets. This MiR-Seq based study presents a multi-omics investigation of the human placental miRNome and its synergy with the transcriptome. The analysis included 52 placentas representing three trimesters of normal pregnancy, and term cases of late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE), gestational diabetes and affected fetal growth. Gestational-age dependent differential expression (FDR < 0.05) was detected for 319 of 417 tested miRNAs (76.5%). A shared list of target genes of dynamic miRNAs suggested their coordinated action. The most abundant miR-143-3p revealed as a marker for pregnancy progression. The data suggested critical, but distinct roles of placenta-specific imprinted C19MC and C14MC miRNA clusters. Paternally encoded primate-specific C19MC was highly transcribed during first trimester, potentially fine-tuning the early placental transcriptome in dosage-sensitive manner. Maternally encoded eutherian C14MC showed high expression until term, underlining its key contribution across gestation. A major shift in placental miRNome (16% miRNAs) was observed in LO-PE, but not in other term pregnancy complications. Notably, 13/38 upregulated miRNAs were transcribed from C19MC and only one from C14MC, whereas 11/28 downregulated miRNAs represented C14MC and none C19MC. miR-210-3p, miR-512-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-590-3p, miR-379-5p were differentially expressed in LO-PE and cases of small-for-gestational-age newborns, supporting a shared etiology. Expression correlation analysis with the RNA-Seq data (16,567 genes) of the same samples clustered PE-linked miRNAs into five groups. Large notable clusters of miRNA–gene pairs showing directly and inversely correlated expression dynamics suggested potential functional relationships in both scenarios. The first genome-wide study of placental miR-eQTLs identified 66 placental SNVs associated with the expression of neighboring miRNAs, including PE-linked miRNAs miR-30a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-490-3p and miR-518-5p. This study provided a rich catalog of miRNAs for further in-depth investigations of their individual and joint effect on placental transcriptome. Several highlighted miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for pregnancy monitoring and targets to prevent or treat gestational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain Inno
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Kikas
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Lillepea
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maris Laan
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Expression Characteristics of microRNA in Pig Umbilical Venous Blood and Umbilical Arterial Blood. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061563. [PMID: 34071966 PMCID: PMC8228062 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the medium of material exchange between mother and fetus, umbilical cord blood is closely connected with fetal development. microRNA (miRNA) has a wide range of biological functions and has high flow characteristics. Small RNA sequencing of pig umbilical venous blood (UVB) and umbilical arterial blood (UAB) revealed that a total of 302 miRNAs were identified, and 106 and 22 miRNAs were specifically expressed in the UVB and UAB, respectively. Using the two methods of differential expression multiple and differential expression percentage, it is found that only 35% of the highly expressed miRNAs in the UVB by the two analysis modes overlap, but 56.25% of the enriched signal pathways are the same. Only 20% of the highly expressed miRNAs in the UAB overlap, but 62.07% of the signal pathways are the same. Further analysis revealed that miR-423 can be used as a characteristic miRNA of UVB and has the potential to treat muscle-related diseases. miR-122-5p can be used as a characteristic miRNA of UAB and may help to improve liver- and brain-related diseases. In summary, these results enrich understanding of miRNA in mother-fetal communication and provide a reference for the development and application of porcine cord blood products.
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Chen A, Yu R, Jiang S, Xia Y, Chen Y. Recent Advances of MicroRNAs, Long Non-coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659638. [PMID: 33995125 PMCID: PMC8121253 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple-organ dysfunction, such as maternal hypertension and proteinuria, after 20 weeks of gestation. It is a common cause of fetal growth restriction, fetal malformation, and maternal death. At present, termination of pregnancy is the only way to prevent the development of the disease. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are involved in important pathological and physiological functions in life cycle activities including ontogeny, reproduction, apoptosis, and cell reprogramming, and are closely associated with human diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia through regulation of various physiological functions. In this review, we discuss the current evidence of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, introduce the types and biological functions of non-coding RNA, and summarize the roles of non-coding RNA in the pathophysiological development of preeclampsia from the perspectives of oxidative stress, hypoxia, angiogenesis, decidualization, trophoblast invasion and proliferation, immune regulation, and inflammation. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential clinical application and future prospects of non-coding RNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiwen Jiang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Pankiewicz K, Fijałkowska A, Issat T, Maciejewski TM. Insight into the Key Points of Preeclampsia Pathophysiology: Uterine Artery Remodeling and the Role of MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3132. [PMID: 33808559 PMCID: PMC8003365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia affects about 3-8% of all pregnancies. It represents a complex and multifaceted syndrome with at least several potential pathways leading to the development of disease. The main dogma in preeclampsia is the two-stage model of disease. Stage 1 (placental stage) takes place in early pregnancy and is thought to be impaired placentation due to inadequate trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries that leads to reduced placental perfusion and release of numerous biological factors causing endothelial damage and development of acute maternal syndrome with systemic multiorgan failure (stage 2-the onset of maternal clinical symptoms, maternal stage). Recently, in the light of the vast body of evidence, two-stage model of preeclampsia has been updated with a few novel pathways leading to clinical manifestation in the second part of pregnancy. This paper reviews current state of knowledge about pathophysiology of preeclampsia and places particular focus on the recent advances in understanding of uterine artery remodeling alterations, as well as the role of microRNAs in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pankiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
| | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Issat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
| | - Tomasz M. Maciejewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
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Current Updates on Pre-eclampsia: Maternal and Foetal Cardiovascular Diseases Predilection, Science or Myth? : Future cardiovascular disease risks in mother and child following pre-eclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 33694011 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including pre-eclampsia (PE), remain the major cause of death and morbidity in women. This review elucidates the current knowledge, state of research and scientific information available on the post-event implications and complications of PE regarding maternal and foetal cardiovascular health. Does PE expose, predispose or aggravate a predilection to maternal and foetal CVD later in life? RECENT FINDINGS Women with a history of PE are reported to have stiffer arteries and are more likely to develop cardiovascular problems with time, especially aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which were not hitherto linked with hypertensive pregnancy. Foetal cells persistence in the mother long after pregnancy, now clearly established in the lungs of mice postpartum, is suggested to portend an overexpression of STOX1, which may potentiate later life CVD. Moreover, the conventional theories of in utero stress and developmental reprogramming may not adequately explain the risk of later life CVD predilection in offspring born to mothers with pre-eclampsia as recent data has shown that siblings of offspring born from pre-eclamptic pregnancies are also at higher risk of hypertension later in life, irrespective of whether subsequent pregnancies were pre-eclamptic or normotensive. The mechanism involved in adverse cardiovascular outcome in offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies is most likely an intricate interaction of foetal programming, environmental and genetic factors. In light of available evidence, the question of whether PE is just a pointer or predisposing factor to maternal development of CVDs in later life begs for answers to facilitate definitive clinical solutions and preventive approaches.
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Parker VL, Cushen BF, Gavriil E, Marshall B, Waite S, Pacey A, Heath PR. Comparison and optimisation of microRNA extraction from the plasma of healthy pregnant women. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:1. [PMID: 33576446 PMCID: PMC7893782 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are implicated in the diagnosis, monitoring and prediction of various disease processes. Before embarking upon biomarker discovery, miRNA extraction techniques must first be optimised in the biofluid and population under study. Using plasma from a healthy pregnant woman, it was attempted to optimise and compare the performance of two commercially available miRNA extraction kits; Qiagen (miRNeasy Serum/Plasma) and Promega (Maxwell® RSC miRNA from Tissue or Plasma or Serum). Sample miRNA content (concentration and percentage) was assessed using Agilent Bioanalyzer Small RNA chips and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using four constitutively expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-let-7i-3p, hsa-miR-148-3p and hsa-miR-30e-5p). Quality control spike-ins monitored RNA extraction (UniSp2, 4 and 5) and cDNA synthesis (UniSp6, cel-miR-39-3p) efficiency. Optimisation approaches included: i) Starting volume of plasma; the addition of ii) Proteinase K; iii) a RNA bacteriophage carrier (MS2); and iv) a glycogen carrier. The two kits exhibited equivalence in terms of miRNA recovery based on Bioanalyzer and RT-qPCR ΔΔCq results. Optimisation attempts for both kits failed to improve upon miRNA content compared with standard methodology. Comparing the standard methodology, the Qiagen kit was more consistent (smaller variance of ΔCq values) compared with the Promega kit. The standard methodology of either kit would be suitable for the investigation of miRNA biomarkers in a healthy pregnant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Parker
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Bryony F Cushen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Eleftherios Gavriil
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Benjamin Marshall
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Sarah Waite
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Allan Pacey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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Guo H, Wang Y, Jia W, Liu L. MiR-133a-3p relieves the oxidative stress induced trophoblast cell apoptosis through the BACH1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Physiol Res 2021; 70:67-78. [PMID: 33453713 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of the pregnancy morbidity and mortality over the world. Disorganized placentation caused by trophoblast cell abnormity is one of main risk factors to induce PE. MiR-133a-3p has been shown to contain regulatory effects on oxidative stress in the cardiomyocytes. But the effects of miR-133a-3p on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the trophoblast cells remain unknown. In this study, trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with miR-133a-3p mimics and inhibitor. H2O2 (250 microM) treatment of cells was adopted to induce oxidative stress. A series of typical molecular and cellular experiments was subsequently performed in order to investigate this issue. It was found that miR-133a-3p overexpression attenuated the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 through reduced ROS and MDA levels and enhanced antioxidase activities in the trophoblast cells. Overexpressed miR-133a-3p was shown to relieve the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. At molecular levels, a direct binding effect of miR-133a-3p on BACH1 was verified. Moreover, miR-133a-3p overexpression also enhanced BACH1 downstream Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to activate antioxidant genes. It is collectively demonstrated that miR-133a-3p can relieve the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the trophoblast cells through the BACH1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway via targeting BACH1 directly. This regulatory mechanism of miR-133a-3p in the trophoblast cells under oxidative stress may give a new perspective for oxidative stress-induced trophoblast cell abnormality and be useful to study more pathological mechanisms of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Parker VL, Gavriil E, Marshall B, Pacey A, Heath PR. Profiling microRNAs in uncomplicated pregnancies: Serum vs. plasma. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33408858 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-derived microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are ideal clinical biomarkers, as they can be relatively non-invasively extracted and are stable across a range of storage conditions. However, the concentration and profile of miRNAs differ between specific patient groups and starting media, which must be a key consideration before embarking upon uses for clinical applications. The optimum blood-derived starting media for biomarker discovery involving pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy has not been determined. Paired serum and plasma samples were collected from 10 pregnant women with uncomplicated low-risk pregnancies at three time points: i) During the second trimester of pregnancy; ii) during the third trimester; and iii) 6 weeks post-partum. Sample miRNA content was assessed using an Agilent Bioanalyzer Small RNA chip and reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR using four constitutively expressed miRNAs: hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-23a, hsa-miR-30e-5p and hsa-miR-451a. Quality control spike-ins measured RNA extraction (UniSp2) and cDNA extraction (cel-miR-39-3p) efficiency. MiRNA concentration and percentage were significantly higher in the serum vs. plasma samples based on data obtained from the Bioanalyzer; however, RT-qPCR failed to replicate these differences in the majority of comparisons using the ΔCq values of the four constitutively expressed miRNAs. Using the standard deviations of the ΔCq values, the consistency of serum and plasma in terms of miRNA expression levels were equivalent. Thus, clinicians and researchers should take into consideration that different miRNA quantification methods can yield contrasting results with regards to the starting media utilized. Based on the equivalent performance of serum and plasma assessed using RT-qPCR, which is less likely to be influenced by the coagulation process or degraded long RNAs, both starting media assessed in the present study are equally suitable for ongoing biomarker discovery studies involving healthy pregnant women at any gestational time point or immediately postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Parker
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftherios Gavriil
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Marshall
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Pacey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Wang M. NFKB1-mediated downregulation of microRNA-106a promotes oxidative stress injury and insulin resistance in mice with gestational hypertension. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:115-126. [PMID: 33505119 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the role of NFKB1 in oxidative stress injury and insulin resistance in gestational hypertension (GH) mice. Following establishment of a GH mouse model by high-fat diet, NFKB1, miR-106a, and FLOT2 expression was detected in liver of mice. After NFKB1, miR-106a, and FLOT2 were altered in GH mice by lentiviral vector, oxidative stress markers in liver tissues were examined by colorimetry, and insulin resistance was assessed by fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels. Next, hepatocytes were isolated from GH mice and treated with miR-106a mimic, inhibitor or siRNA, followed by determination of hepatocyte apoptosis and the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related factors. Evaluation of the correlations among NFKB1, miR-106a, and FLOT2 were conducted. Liver of GH mice harbored NFKB1 and FLOT2 upregulation and miR-106a downregulation. miR-106a was transcriptionally inhibited by NFKB1, and negatively targeted FLOT2. Oxidative stress injury and insulin resistance in GH mice and apoptosis and inflammation of hepatocytes from GH mice were decreased after silencing NFKB1 or FLOT2 or overexpressing miR-106a. These findings provided evidence demonstrating the inhibitory effect of NFKB1 silencing on oxidative stress injury and insulin resistance in GH mice via miR-106a upregulation and FLOT2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, 252600 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, 252600 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, No. 25, Wenhua East Road, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, 277100 Shandong People's Republic of China
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Gusar V, Ganichkina M, Chagovets V, Kan N, Sukhikh G. MiRNAs Regulating Oxidative Stress: A Correlation with Doppler Sonography of Uteroplacental Complex and Clinical State Assessments of Newborns in Fetal Growth Restriction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103227. [PMID: 33050114 PMCID: PMC7650709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, as a result, uncontrolled oxidative stress (OS) can play a central role in disorders of fetal hemodynamics and subsequent development of adverse perinatal outcomes in newborns with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Given the epigenetic nature of such disorders, the aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of miRNAs associated with OS and endothelial dysfunction (miR-27a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-451a and miR-574-3p) in umbilical cord blood using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. ΜiRNA expression was evaluated in patients with FGR delivery before (n = 9 pregnant) and after 34 weeks of gestation (n = 13 pregnant), and the control groups corresponding to the main groups by gestational age (13 pregnant women in each group, respectively). A significant increase in miR-451a expression was detected in late-onset FGR and correlations with fetoplacental and cerebral circulation were established (increase of resistance in the umbilical artery (pulsatility index, PI UA (umbilical artery): r = −0.59, p = 0.001) and a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CPR: r = 0.48, p = 0.009)). The change in miR-125b-5p expression in the placenta is associated with reduced Doppler of cerebral hemodynamics (CPR: r = 0.73, p = 0.003; PI MCA (middle cerebral artery): r = 0.79, p = 0.0007), and newborn weight (r = 0.56, p = 0.04) in early-onset FGR. In addition, significant changes in miR-125b-5p and miR-451a expression in umbilical cord blood plasma were found in newborns with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (in early-onset FGR) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (in late-onset FGR). A number of key signaling pathways have been identified in which the regulation of the studied miRNAs is involved, including angiogenesis, neurotrophin signaling pathway and oxidative stress response. In general, our study showed that changes of the redox homeostasis in the mother-placenta-fetus system in FGR and subsequent perinatal outcomes may be due to differential expression of oxidative stress-associated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Gusar
- Laboratory of Applied Transcriptomics, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation”, Oparin str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-916-283-72-10
| | - Mariya Ganichkina
- Obstetric Physiological Department, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation”, Oparin str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Chagovets
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics of Human Reproduction, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation”, Oparin str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya Kan
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professional Education Department, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and/Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation”, Oparin str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gennadiy Sukhikh
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation”, Oparin str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Professional Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Aryan L, Medzikovic L, Umar S, Eghbali M. Pregnancy-associated cardiac dysfunction and the regulatory role of microRNAs. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 32252821 PMCID: PMC7137306 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many crucial cardiovascular adaptations occur in the body during pregnancy to ensure successful gestation. Maladaptation of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy can lead to complications that promote cardiac dysfunction and may lead to heart failure (HF). About 12% of pregnancy-related deaths in the USA have been attributed to HF and the detrimental effects of cardiovascular complications on the heart can be long-lasting, pre-disposing the mother to HF later in life. Indeed, cardiovascular complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and peripartum cardiomyopathy have been shown to induce cardiac metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction in the hearts of pregnant women, all of which are hallmarks of HF. The exact etiology and cardiac pathophysiology of pregnancy-related complications is not yet fully deciphered. Furthermore, diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in pregnancy is often made only after clinical symptoms are already present, thus necessitating the need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Mounting data demonstrates an altered expression of maternal circulating miRNAs during pregnancy affected by cardiovascular complications. Throughout the past decade, miRNAs have become of growing interest as modulators and biomarkers of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis in cardiac dysfunction. While the association between pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications and cardiac dysfunction or HF is becoming increasingly evident, the roles of miRNA-mediated regulation herein remain poorly understood. Therefore, this review will summarize current reports on pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications that may lead to cardiac dysfunction and HF during and after pregnancy in previously healthy women, with a focus on the pathophysiological role of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-550 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-550 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-550 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-550 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
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22
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Gao Y, Nan G, Chi L. MicroRNA miR-505-5p Promotes Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Neuronal Injury via Negative Regulation of CREG1 in Cultured Neuron-Like Cells. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Function in Young and Middle-Aged Women with Respect to a History of Pregnancy, Pregnancy-Related Complications, Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020430. [PMID: 31936594 PMCID: PMC7013677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of previous pregnancies and classical cardiovascular risk factors on vascular endothelial function in a group of 264 young and middle-aged women 3 to 11 years postpartum. We examined microvascular functions by peripheral arterial tonometry and EndoPAT 2000 device with respect to a history of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, the severity of the disease with regard to the degree of clinical signs and delivery date. Besides, we compared Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) values and the prevalence of vascular endothelial dysfunction among the groups of women with normal and abnormal values of BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, total serum cholesterol levels, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum triglycerides levels, serum lipoprotein A levels, serum C-reactive protein levels, serum uric acid levels, and plasma homocysteine levels. Furthermore, we determined the effect of total number of pregnancies and total parity per woman, infertility and blood pressure treatment, presence of trombophilic gene mutations, current smoking of cigarettes, and current hormonal contraceptive use on the vascular endothelial function. We also examined the association between the vascular endothelial function and postpartum whole peripheral blood expression of microRNAs involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p). A proportion of overweight women (17.94% and 20.59%) and women with central obesity (18.64% and 21.19%) had significantly lower RHI values at 10.0% false positive rate (FPR) both before and after adjustment of the data for the age of patients. At 10.0% FPR, a proportion of women with vascular endothelial dysfunction (RHI ≤ 1.67) was identified to have up-regulated expression profile of miR-1-3p (11.76%), miR-23a-3p (17.65%), and miR-499a-5p (18.82%) in whole peripheral blood. RHI values also negatively correlated with expression of miR-1-3p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-499a-5p in whole peripheral blood. Otherwise, no significant impact of other studied factors on vascular endothelial function was found. We suppose that screening of these particular microRNAs associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction may help to stratify a highly risky group of young and middle-aged women that would benefit from early implementation of primary prevention strategies. Nevertheless, it is obvious, that vascular endothelial dysfunction is just one out of multiple cardiovascular risk factors which has only a partial impact on abnormal expression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs in whole peripheral blood of young and middle-aged women.
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Mas-Parés B, Xargay-Torrent S, Bonmatí A, Lizarraga-Mollinedo E, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, Carreras-Badosa G, Prats-Puig A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Umbilical Cord miRNAs in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children and Association With Catch-Up Growth: A Pilot Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5285-5298. [PMID: 31125087 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Catch-up growth in infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) is a risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. The basis and mechanisms underpinning catch-up growth in newborns who are SGA are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify umbilical cord miRNAs associated with catch-up growth in infants who are SGA and study their relationship with offspring's cardiometabolic parameters. DESIGN miRNA PCR panels were used to study the miRNA profile in umbilical cord tissue of five infants who were SGA with catch-up (SGA-CU), five without catch-up (SGA-nonCU), and five control infants [appropriate for gestational age (AGA)]. The miRNAs with the smallest nominal P values were validated in 64 infants (22 AGA, 18 SGA-nonCU, and 24 SGA-CU) and correlated with anthropometric parameters at 1 (n = 64) and 6 years of age (n = 30). RESULTS miR-501-3p, miR-576-5p, miR-770-5p, and miR-876-3p had nominally significant associations with increased weight, height, weight catch-up, and height catch-up at 1 year, and miR-374b-3p, miR-548c-5p, and miR-576-5p had nominally significant associations with increased weight, height, waist, hip, and renal fat at 6 years. Multivariate analysis suggested miR-576-5p as a predictor of weight catch-up and height catch-up at 1 year, as well as weight, waist, and renal fat at 6 years. In silico studies suggested that miR-576-5p participates in the regulation of inflammatory, growth, and proliferation signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Umbilical cord miRNAs could be novel biomarkers for the early identification of catch-up growth in infants who are SGA. miR-576-5p may contribute to the regulation of postnatal growth and influence the risk for cardiometabolic diseases associated with a mismatch between prenatal and postnatal weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Mas-Parés
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- Department of Physical Therapy, University School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Girona (EUSES-UdG), Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
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Zhang J, Li J. Efficacy and safety of combination of magnesium sulfate, phentolamine and nifedipine in treatment of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3341-3346. [PMID: 31602207 PMCID: PMC6777338 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and safety of the combination of magnesium sulfate, phentolamine and nifedipine in the treatment of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and its effect on hemodynamics and urinary protein level were investigated. One hundred and six patients with HDCP diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University from February 5, 2016 to May 9, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the magnesium sulfate group and the combination group, according to the therapeutic schemes. The efficacy 1 week later was observed. The general clinical data of the patients were recorded, and data were acquired with respect to hemodynamic indexes before and after treatment [changes of S/D ratio of umbilical artery flow, and cardiac index and total peripheral resistance (TPR)], the 24-h urinary protein level, clinical efficacy and safety [adverse drug reactions (ADR) and maternal and neonatal outcomes]. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of S/D ratio of umbilical artery flow (P>0.05), while after treatment the S/D ratio was significantly lower than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of cardiac index (P>0.05). TPR after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.001). Compared with the magnesium sulfate group, patients in the combination group had significantly lower 24-h urinary protein level after treatment (P<0.001), significantly higher total effective rate (P<0.05), significantly lower incidence rate of ADR (P<0.001), and significantly lower incidence rate of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes (P<0.001). In conclusion, the combination of magnesium sulfate, phentolamine and nifedipine can significantly improve the hemodynamic indexes, the 24-h urinary protein level, the clinical efficacy, ADR and maternal and neonatal outcomes of patients with HDCP, therefore it is worthy of use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Screening Laboratory, Jilin Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
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26
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Lu HQ, Hu R. Lasting Effects of Intrauterine Exposure to Preeclampsia on Offspring and the Underlying Mechanism. AJP Rep 2019; 9:e275-e291. [PMID: 31511798 PMCID: PMC6736667 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication which can have adverse impact on both mother and baby. In addition to the short term effects, a large body of epidemiological evidence has found preeclampsia can exert long-lasting effects on mother and offspring. Studies suggest that offspring exposed to preeclampsia are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases, as well as other diseases. However, studies investigating the underlying mechanism are limited, the exact mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, we will review the epidemiological evidence and studies exploring the mechanism underlying long-term effects of preeclampsia on offspring. Further studies should be targeted at this field so as to implement effective clinical management to prevent the exposed offspring from potential diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Yang X, Guo F. miR‑342‑3p suppresses cell migration and invasion in preeclampsia by targeting platelet‑derived growth factor receptor α. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1772-1780. [PMID: 31257526 PMCID: PMC6625458 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-342-3p expression was increased in the placentas of women with preeclampsia (PE) according to previous examinations; the mechanism underlying the development and progression of PE requires further investigation. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism and functionality of microRNA (miR)-342-3p in trophoblastic cells. The expression of miR-342-3p and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) in the placentas of 30 patients with PE and 30 normal controls was detected. In addition, HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected with miR-342-3p mimics, small interfering RNA (siR)-PDGFRA or their corresponding negative controls; then the proliferation, migration, invasion and the distribution of the cell cycle of these cells were analyzed. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed. According to these analyses, the expression of miR-342-3p was significantly increased, while that of PDGFRA was significantly lower in the PE group compared with the normal group. Transfection with miR-342-3p mimics led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and also affected the cell cycle. Furthermore, miR-342-3p mimics reduced the expression of PDGFRA; miR-342-3p overexpression also reduced the mRNA and protein levels of BCL-2 and Caspase-3. In addition, transfection of siR-PDGFRA exhibited similar effects to those of miR-342-3p mimics. Finally, PDGFRA was reported to be a direct target of miR-342-3p. In conclusion, miR-342-3p was proposed to inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and G1/S phase transition of HTR8/SVneo cells by suppressing PDGFRA. Our findings suggest that miR-342-3p may be a novel clinical indicator or prognostic marker for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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28
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Postpartum profiling of microRNAs involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases in women exposed to pregnancy-related complications. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:158-167. [PMID: 31151766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) may predispose to later onset of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. We examined if pregnancy complications induce postpartum alterations in gene expression of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs. 29 microRNAs were tested in peripheral blood of women, compared between groups with a history of GH, PE, FGR and controls, and correlated with the severity of the disease regarding clinical signs, delivery date, and Doppler parameters. RESULTS GH was associated with the up-regulation of miR-20a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-499a-5p. The up-regulation of miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-126-3p was a mutual phenomenon of GH and severe PE. GH and early PE were associated with up-regulation of miR-1-3p and miR-17-5p. GH and late PE showed up-regulation of miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-29a-3p. Severe PE induced up-regulation of miR-133a-3p and down-regulation of miR-130b-3p. MiR-133a-3p up-regulation was also observed in early PE. PE and/or FGR with abnormal Doppler parameters demonstrated up-regulation of miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-145-5p. The combination screening was superior over using individual microRNAs for patients with GH, PE regardless of the severity of the disease, severe PE and early PE. A cardiovascular risk at patients with late PE, PE and/or FGR with abnormal Doppler parameters was identified more accurately using the single microRNA only. CONCLUSION Epigenetic changes characteristic for cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in women with a prior exposure to pregnancy complications. Screening of microRNAs may be used to identify patients at a higher risk of later development of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
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Mei Z, Huang B, Zhang Y, Qian X, Mo Y, Deng N. Histone deacetylase 6 negatively regulated microRNA-199a-5p induces the occurrence of preeclampsia by targeting VEGFA in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108805. [PMID: 30947018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a special complication during pregnancy, which can cause severe maternal complications and lead the cause of maternal and perinatal death. So far, the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is still not very clear. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be the key regulators in the development of PE. METHODS The miR-199a-5p expression was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PLGF) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Transwell-invasion assay wasused to assess the effects of miR-199a-5p, PLGF and ATF-3 on the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1cell lines. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assess the related molecular mechanisms. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction between miR-199a-5p and VEGFA. RESULTS Here, weinitially demonstrated that in PE tissues, miR-199a-5p expression was higher than that in normal tissues, while there was sharp reduction in VEGFA. In placental tissues of PE patients, miR-199a-5p exhibited a negatively correlation with VEGFA. The invasion of HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1 cells was suppressed by miR-199a-5p through direct inhibition of VEGFA expression. In addition, PE tissues were associated with sharp reduction in the protein levels of PLGF, ATF-3 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) compared with the normal tissues. We further proved that over-expression of PLGF could also promote HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1 cells invasion through up-regulating ATF-3 expression and down-regulating DNM3 opposite strand (DNM3os) and miR-199a-5p expression. Lastly, we also found that tubacin suppressed HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1 cells invasion via regulation of miR-199a-5p and VEGFA expression. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated the role of miR-199a-5p in the preeclampsia, and proved that miR-199a-5p could act as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Mei
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Baoqin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xialiu Qian
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Mo
- Reproductive Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ni Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
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30
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Garabet L, Ghanima W, Rangberg A, Teruel-Montoya R, Martinez C, Lozano ML, Nystrand CF, Bussel JB, Sandset PM, Jonassen CM. Circulating microRNAs in patients with immune thrombocytopenia before and after treatment with thrombopoietin-receptor agonists. Platelets 2019; 31:198-205. [PMID: 30885035 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1585527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression. Dysregulated expression of several miRNAs has been found in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suggesting that miRNAs are likely involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. We aimed to explore the differential expression of miRNAs in patients with ITP before and after starting treatment with thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) to clarify their roles in the pathophysiology of ITP, and as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of this disorder.We performed a profiling study where 179 miRNAs were analyzed in eight ITP patients before and during treatment with TPO-RAs and in eight controls using miRNA PCR panel; 81 miRNAs were differentially expressed in ITP patients compared to controls, and 14 miRNAs showed significant changes during TPO-RA-treatment. Ten miRNAs were selected for validation that was performed in 23 patients and 22 controls using droplet digital PCR. Three miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in ITP patients before TPO-RA-treatment compared to controls: miR-199a-5p was down-regulated (p = 0.0001), miR-33a-5p (p = 0.0002) and miR-195-5p (p = 0.035) were up-regulated. Treatment with TPO-RAs resulted in changes in six miRNAs including miR-199a-5p (p = 0.001), miR-33a-5p (p = 0.003), miR-382-5p (p = 0.004), miR-92b-3p (p = 0.005), miR-26a-5p (p = 0.008) and miR-221-3p (p = 0.023); while miR-195-5p remained unchanged and significantly higher than in controls, despite the increase in the platelet count, which may indicate its possible role in the pathophysiology of ITP. Regression analysis revealed that pre-treatment levels of miR-199a-5p and miR-221-3p could help to predict platelet response to TPO-RA-treatment. ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of miR-199a-5p and miR-33a-5p could distinguish patients with ITP from controls with AUC of 0.93.This study identifies a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in ITP patients before and after initiation of TPO-RAs with potential roles in the pathophysiology, as well as with a possible utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These interesting findings deserve further exploration and validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Garabet
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Anbjørg Rangberg
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Raul Teruel-Montoya
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de investigación CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantino Martinez
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Lozano
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de investigación CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - James B Bussel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine M Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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31
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Hromadnikova I, Kotlabova K, Dvorakova L, Krofta L, Sirc J. Postnatal Expression Profile of microRNAs Associated with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Children at the Age of 3 to 11 Years in Relation to Previous Occurrence of Pregnancy-Related Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030654. [PMID: 30717412 PMCID: PMC6387366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Children descending from pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) have a lifelong cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to verify if pregnancy complications induce postnatal alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty-nine microRNAs were assessed in peripheral blood, compared between groups, and analyzed in relation to both aspects, the current presence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular complications and the previous occurrence of pregnancy complications with regard to the clinical signs, dates of delivery, and Doppler ultrasound examination. The expression profile of miR-21-5p differed between controls and children with a history of uncomplicated pregnancies with abnormal clinical findings. Abnormal expression profile of multiple microRNAs was found in children affected with GH (miR-1-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, and miR-342-3p), PE (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-342-3p), and FGR (miR-17-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p). The index of pulsatility in the ductus venosus showed a strong positive correlation with miR-210-3p gene expression in children exposed to PE and/or FGR. Any of changes in epigenome (up-regulation of miR-1-3p and miR-133a-3p) that were induced by pregnancy complications are long-acting and may predispose children affected with GH, PE, or FGR to later development of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Novel epigenetic changes (aberrant expression profile of microRNAs) appeared in a proportion of children that were exposed to GH, PE, or FGR. Screening of particular microRNAs may stratify a highly risky group of children that might benefit from implementation of early primary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hromadnikova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Kotlabova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Dvorakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Krofta
- Institute for the Care of the Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 14700 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Sirc
- Institute for the Care of the Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 14700 Prague, Czech Republic.
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MiR-221-3p is down-regulated in preeclampsia and affects trophoblast growth, invasion and migration partly via targeting thrombospondin 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:127-134. [PMID: 30396069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common obstetrical disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. The aberrant expression of miR-221-3p in placental tissues has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE. This study examined the role of miR-221-3p in trophoblast growth, invasion and migration, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that miR-221-3p was down-regulated in placental tissues from PE patients compared to heathy controls as measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay. CCK-8 assay, Transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay showed that miR-221-3p overexpression promoted trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo cells) growth, invasion and migration, and knockdown of miR-221-3p exerted the opposite effects. Flow cytometry experiments further demonstrated that miR-221-3p overexpression inhibited apoptosis, increased cell population at S phase, and decreased cell population at G0/G1 phase of HTR-8/SVneo cells; while miR-221-3p knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-221-3p targeted the 3' untranslated region of thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), and qRT-PCR and western blot assays revealed that miR-221-3p negatively regulated the expression of THBS2 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Furthermore, overexpression of THBS2 attenuated the in vitro effects of miR-221-3p overexpression on cell growth, invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. The clinical sample analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of THBS2 was significantly increased in placental tissues from PE patients and was negatively correlated with expression levels of miR-221-3p. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-221-3p was down-regulated in PE, and the in vitro functional assays revealed that miR-221-3p promoted trophoblast growth, invasion and migration partly via targeting THBS2.
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Lv Y, Lu C, Ji X, Miao Z, Long W, Ding H, Lv M. Roles of microRNAs in preeclampsia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1052-1061. [PMID: 30256424 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex disorder that is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy, and it causes most neonatal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Most studies suggest that placental dysfunction is the main cause of PE. However, genetic factors, immune factors, and systemic inflammation are also related to the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Thus far, the exact pathogenesis of PE is not yet fully understood, and intense research efforts are focused on PE to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to small single-stranded and noncoding molecules that can negatively regulate gene expression, and miRNA regulatory networks play an important role in diverse pathological processes. Many studies have confirmed deregulated miRNA in pregnant patients with PE, and the function and mechanism of these differentially expressed miRNA are gradually being revealed. In this review, we summarize the current research about miRNA involved in PE, including placenta-specific miRNA, their predictive value, and their function in the development of PE. This review will provide fundamental evidence of miRNA in PE, and further studies are necessary to explore the roles of miRNA in the early diagnosis and treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Breast, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijing Miao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Breast, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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The diagnostic values of circulating miRNAs for hypertension and bioinformatics analysis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180525. [PMID: 29961674 PMCID: PMC6147777 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have compared the performances of those reported miRNAs as biomarkers for hypertension in a same cohort, we aimed to comprehensively examine the performances of those reported miRNAs as biomarkers for hypertension and identify the genes and pathways targetted by these miRNAs. Serum samples were collected from patients hospitalized for hypertension in Zhongshan Hospital. Gene expressions of 25 miRNAs were compared between hypertension and normal groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of those miRNAs as biomarkers for hypertension. miRWALK2.0 and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to predict the target genes and pathways of selected miRNAs. A total of 164 participants were enrolled, amongst which 53 were patients with hypertension, 111 were normal population. MiR-122-5p (area under curve (AUC): 0.750), miR-199a-3p (AUC: 0.744), miR-208a-3p (AUC: 0.743), miR-423-5p (AUC: 0.740), and miR-223-5p (AUC: 0.718) showed better performance than others, and the best performance was the combination of miR-199a-3p, miR-208a-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-223-3p (AUC: 0.80). Pathway analysis revealed that 94 pathways enriched with genes targetted by miR-199a-3p, miR-208a-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-223-5p. FoxO signaling was enriched with genes targetted by all the three miRNAs (miR-199a-3p, miR-208a-3p, miR-122-5p). The combination of miR-199a-3p, miR-208a-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-223-3p has a good diagnostic performance for hypertension, and multitudes of possible mechanisms/pathways through which dysregulation of these miRNAs may impact risk of hypertension.
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Forgó B, Tárnoki ÁD, Tárnoki DL, Littvay L, Fagnani C, Stazi MA, Meneghetti G, Medda E, Farina F, Baracchini C. Investigation of circle of Willis variants and hemodynamic parameters in twins using transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34:1419-1427. [PMID: 29675634 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and hemodynamic variations of the circle of Willis (CW) may have an important impact on cerebrovascular events. However, the environmental and genetic influence remains unclear. For this reason we studied the variations and hemodynamic parameters of the CW in twins using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS). Sixty-four twins, 19 monozygotic (MZ) and 13 dizygotic (DZ) pairs from the Italian Twin Registry (average age 45.0 ± 13.7 years) underwent TCCS and risk factor assessment. We examined CW morphology and recorded peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and pulsatility index (PI). Raw heritability was determined for hemodynamic parameters, whereas concordance and discordance rates were calculated for CW morphological variants. A normal CW anatomy was observed in the majority of MZ and DZ twins (76.5% and 92.3%, respectively). The most frequent variant was a missing anterior cerebral artery (ACA). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of most CW variants depending on the zigosity. Concordance rates were low regarding the presence of variant CW anatomy both in MZ and DZ groups (0.14 and 0.00, respectively). Women had a significantly higher PI in vertebral arteries (VA) and in the right ACA (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). An inverse correlation was observed between hemodynamic parameters and age. Morphological variants of the CW do not seem to be heritable; they are most likely determined by environmental factors. In contrast, hemodynamic parameters of the CW are moderately heritable and this might have implications in the management and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Forgó
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/A, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/A, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Erdélyi Street 29, Budapest, 1212, Hungary
| | - Dávid László Tárnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/A, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Erdélyi Street 29, Budapest, 1212, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Central European University, Nádor Street 9, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Meneghetti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Farina
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padua, Italy
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