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Iliescu Ș, Voroneanu L, Covic AM, Scripcariu DV, Stătescu C, Covic AC. Tricuspid Regurgitation Associated with Implantable Cardiac Devices: A Double-Edged Sword. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5543. [PMID: 39337029 PMCID: PMC11433198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased considerably, becoming a cornerstone of management for patients with brady- or tachyarrhythmia or for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. On the other hand, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) associated with CIEDs is progressively accepted as a serious clinical issue; the prognostic impact of TR is profound, as it is independently associated with increased mortality and a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization. Additionally, the management of established CIED-related TR continues to be challenging, with limited options for intervention once significant TR has developed. The balance between the lifesaving benefits of CIEDs and the risk of TR underlines the necessity for cautious patient selection and innovative approaches to device implantation and management. This review highlights the clinical importance, underlying mechanisms and challenges associated with lead-related tricuspid regurgitation in patients with CIEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Iliescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.I.); (A.M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Center, “C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maria Covic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.I.); (A.M.C.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.I.); (A.M.C.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adrian C. Covic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Center, “C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
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Peszek-Przybyła E, Jędrzejek M, Smolka G, Quinn MJ, Pysz P, Wojakowski W. First Case of the Treatment of Massive Tricuspid Regurgitation With the CroíValve DUO Coaptation Valve in a Patient With a Right Ventricular Pacemaker Lead. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2024; 8:100329. [PMID: 39290678 PMCID: PMC11403069 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2024.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common valvular disorder with limited treatment options. It occurs when tricuspid leaflet closure is prevented by dilation of the right heart or in patients with cardiac implantable rhythm devices when the transvalvular lead impedes proper closure of the valve. The management of these patients can be complicated. The removal of the lead often does not improve the TR, and surgical repair is usually not possible because of comorbidities. A number of percutaneous TR repair and replacement devices have been developed; however, the presence of the right ventricular lead can prevent the delivery of these devices, or the device may displace the pacemaker lead. We report the first implant of the CroíValve DUO Transcatheter Tricuspid Coaptation Valve System (Dublin, Ireland) in a patient with massive TR and a right ventricular lead. Methods The patient was not a fit for surgical treatment and underwent transcatheter treatment following compassionate use approval. The procedure was performed under general anesthetic with echo and X-ray guidance. The device was delivered through the right internal jugular vein. Results The device was implanted successfully, and the TR was reduced from massive to mild at 90-day follow-up. The patient's quality of life improved significantly with an improvement in 6-minute walk test (382 m at baseline to 467 m at follow-up), the New York Heart Association classification (III at baseline to I at follow-up), and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (baseline score 43 increased to 60). The efficacy and clinical improvement have been stable over the past 90 days of follow-up, and the patient has not suffered any adverse events. Conclusions This is the first implantation of the CroíValve DUO Coaptation Valve System in a patient with a pacemaker lead. In these patients, this device may offer advantages over other current transcatheter approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Peszek-Przybyła
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Jędrzejek
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Smolka
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martin J Quinn
- CMO of CroíValve and St. Vincents University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Piotr Pysz
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojtek Wojakowski
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Badano LP, Tomaselli M, Muraru D, Galloo X, Li CHP, Ajmone Marsan N. Advances in the Assessment of Patients With Tricuspid Regurgitation: A State-of-the-Art Review on the Echocardiographic Evaluation Before and After Tricuspid Valve Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024:S0894-7317(24)00356-0. [PMID: 39029717 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can have a significant impact on the health and mortality of a patient. Unfortunately, many patients with advanced right-sided heart failure are not referred for isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery in a timely manner. This delayed referral has resulted in a high in-hospital mortality rate and significant undertreatment. Fortunately, transcatheter TV intervention (TTVI) has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to surgery, successfully reducing TR severity and improving patients' quality of life. Current guidelines emphasize the importance of assessing TR severity and its impact on the right heart chambers for selecting the appropriate intervention. However, the echocardiographic assessment of both right chambers and TV anatomy, along with TR severity, poses specific challenges, leading to the underestimation of TR severity. Recently, three-dimensional echocardiography has become crucial to enhance the characterization of TR severity. Moreover, it is essential to evaluate residual TR after TTVI to gauge the intervention's success and predict the patient's prognosis. This review provides a thorough evaluation of the echocardiographic parameters used to assess TR severity before and after TTVI. It presents a critical analysis of the accuracy and reliability of these parameters, highlighting their strengths and limitations to establish standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for TR, which will inform clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi P Badano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, MIlan, Italy
| | - Michele Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, MIlan, Italy
| | - Xavier Galloo
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chi Hion Pedro Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Margonato D, Enriquez-Sarano M, Wang C, Phichaphop A, Okada A, Koike H, Fukui M, Hamid N, Lesser J, Sorajja P, Bapat V, Cavalcante JL. Tricuspid Valve Leaflets-Lead Interaction: Adjunctive Role of Functional Cardiac Computed Tomography for Clinical Decision Making. JACC Case Rep 2024; 29:102372. [PMID: 38774636 PMCID: PMC11107353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2024.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The diagnostic approach toward the management of cardiac implantable electronic device-related tricuspid regurgitation is challenging and undefined. Functional cardiac computed tomography angiography provides a complementary role to echocardiography in the evaluation of lead-leaflet interaction which can help the clinical decision-making process, as presented in this case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Margonato
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cheng Wang
- Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Asa Phichaphop
- Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hideki Koike
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Miho Fukui
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nadira Hamid
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Lesser
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vinayak Bapat
- Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - João L. Cavalcante
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Andreas M, Burri H, Praz F, Soliman O, Badano L, Barreiro M, Cavalcante JL, de Potter T, Doenst T, Friedrichs K, Hausleiter J, Karam N, Kodali S, Latib A, Marijon E, Mittal S, Nickenig G, Rinaldi A, Rudzinski PN, Russo M, Starck C, von Bardeleben RS, Wunderlich N, Zamorano JL, Hahn RT, Maisano F, Leclercq C. Tricuspid valve disease and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:346-365. [PMID: 38096587 PMCID: PMC10834167 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is increasingly recognized as an independent clinical entity. Hence, interventional TR treatment options continuously evolve, surgical risk assessment and peri-operative care improve the management of CIED-related TR, and the role of lead extraction is of high interest. Furthermore, novel surgical and interventional tricuspid valve treatment options are increasingly applied to patients suffering from TR associated with or related to CIEDs. This multidisciplinary review article developed with electrophysiologists, interventional cardiologists, imaging specialists, and cardiac surgeons aims to give an overview of the mechanisms of disease, diagnostics, and proposes treatment algorithms of patients suffering from TR associated with CIED lead(s) or leadless pacemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andreas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Level 7C, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Haran Burri
- Cardiac Pacing Unit, Cardiology Departement, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Praz
- Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Osama Soliman
- Discipline of Cardiology, SAOLTA Healthcare Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive, and University of Galway, Galway H91 YR71, Ireland
| | - Luigi Badano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Barreiro
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Alvaro Cunqueiro, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - João L Cavalcante
- Cardiac MR and Structural CT lab, Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hausleiter
- Medizinische Klinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Karam
- Cardiology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Susheel Kodali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Azeem Latib
- Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Suneet Mittal
- Department of Cardiology, The Valley Health System, the Synder Comprehensive Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Herzzentrum Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aldo Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Piotr Nikodem Rudzinski
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Starck
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center of Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Wunderlich
- Department of Cardiology/Angiology, Asklepios Klinik Langen, Langen, Germany
| | - José Luis Zamorano
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Maisano
- Heart Valve Center, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christophe Leclercq
- Department of Cardiology, University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, lTSI-UMR1099, Rennes F-35000, France
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Safiriyu I, Mehta A, Adefuye M, Nagraj S, Kharawala A, Hajra A, Shamaki GR, Kokkinidis DG, Bob-Manuel T. Incidence and Prognostic Implications of Cardiac-Implantable Device-Associated Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 209:203-211. [PMID: 37863117 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
New-onset or worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a well-established complication encountered after cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). However, there are limited and conflicting data on the true incidence and prognostic implications of this complication. This study aimed to bridge this current gap in the literature. Electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception to March 2023, for studies reporting the incidence and/or prognosis of CIED-associated new or worsening TR. Potentially eligible studies were screened and selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A random effect model meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed, and I-squared statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. A total of 52 eligible studies, with 130,759 patients were included in the final quantitative analysis with a mean follow-up period of 25.5 months. The mean age across included studies was 69.35 years, and women constituted 46.6% of the study population. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.15%. The incidence of CIED-associated TR was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 28%, p <0.001) with an odds ratio of 2.44 (95% CI 1.58 to 3.77, p <0.001). CIED-associated TR was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.52, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.69, p <0.001), heart failure (HF) hospitalizations (aHR 1.82, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.78, p = 0.006), and the composite of mortality and HF hospitalizations (aHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.87, p = 0.001) in the follow-up period. In conclusion, CIED-associated TR occurred in nearly one-fourth of patients after device implantation and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Safiriyu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Adhya Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Mayowa Adefuye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health/Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut
| | - Sanjana Nagraj
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Amrin Kharawala
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Adrija Hajra
- Internal Medicine Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Garba Rimamskep Shamaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unity Hospital/Rochester Regional Health Rochester, New York
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tamunoinemi Bob-Manuel
- Department of Interventional and Endovascular Cardiology, Stern Cardiovascular Foundation, Memphis, Tennessee
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Chodór-Rozwadowska K, Sawicka M, Morawski S, Kalarus Z, Kukulski T. Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) after Implantation of a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED)-One-Year Observation of Patients with or without Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:353. [PMID: 37623367 PMCID: PMC10455858 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) progression after cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) implantation varies from 7.2% to 44.7%. TR is associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure (HF) decompensation. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of early TR progression after CIED implantation and the frequency of HF decompensation and mortality. The 101 patients, who received a CIED between March 2020 and October 2021, before the procedure were divided into two groups-one with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% (n = 60) and one with LVEF < 40% (n = 41). Lead-related tricuspid regurgitation (LRTR) was defined as an increase of TR by at least one grade. The follow-up period was similar between both groups and was on average 13 (12-16) months. In the whole study group, TR progression by one grade was 34.6% and by two or more grades 15.8%. The significant changes in the dynamic of TR degree were as follows before and after implantation: none/trivial TR in group 1 (61.7% vs. 28.3%, p = 0.01) and severe/massive TR in group 2 (0.0% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.03). The groups did not differ from each other in terms of survival from decompensation of HF (18.3% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.70) and survival from death (1.7% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.16). At the one-year follow-up, the baseline LVEF did not affect the survival rate from death or HF decompensation among patients with a progression of TR after CIED implantation. In this study, a progression by one grade was more common in group 1, but the occurrence of severe/massive TR after implantation was more specific for group 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Chodór-Rozwadowska
- Doctoral School, Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sawicka
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Maria Skłodowska—Curie 9 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
- Department of Cardiac Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Maria Skłodowska—Curie 9 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stanisław Morawski
- Department of Cardiology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Kalarus
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kukulski
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland, Spec. Hospital, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
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Dreyfus J, Messika-Zeitoun D. Cardiac implantable electronic devices: Leads can lead to tricuspid regurgitation and death! Int J Cardiol 2023; 372:91-92. [PMID: 36496038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dreyfus
- Cardiology Department, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 32-36 rue des moulins gémeaux, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
| | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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