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Liu L, Zhang X, Wang C, Wu X, Long B. Hypercholesterolemia aggravates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats by inducing neurological inflammation and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23009. [PMID: 35174938 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effects of hypercholesterolemia on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats and the underlying mechanism(s). Aged rats were administrated with high-fat diet, sevoflurane, or both. Thereafter, the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated. The Morris water maze task was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. Moreover, Nissl and Evans blue staining were conducted to test nerve damage and detect the blood-brain barrier permeability, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The messenger RNA expression of inflammatory factors and protein expression of microglial activation markers and apoptosis-related proteins were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or western blot analysis, respectively. High-fat diet induced high levels of TC, TG, and LDL but decreased levels of HDL. However, sevoflurane had no effects on these levels. In contrast, sevoflurane significantly induced the impairment of learning and memory, nerve damage, neuroinflammatory damage, and neuronal apoptosis. Hypercholesterolemia exacerbated the sevoflurane-induced impairment in aged rats. These results suggested that hypercholesterolemia aggravates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats, possibly by inducing neurological inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Jia S, Zhang H, Li L, Wang F, Zhang B. Shogaol potentiates sevoflurane mediated neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury via regulating apoptotic proteins and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/s6K signalling and HIF-1α/HO-1 expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5002-5010. [PMID: 34466075 PMCID: PMC8381061 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research was intended to evaluate the impact of 6-shogaol in rodent model of ischemic-reperfusion induced- brain injury and also assessed 6-shogaol enhanced sevoflurane's neuroprotective effects. Ischemic-Reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method in Sprague-Dawley rats. A separate group of animal was exposed to sevoflurane (2.5%) post-conditioning for 1 h immediately after reperfusion. The 6-shogaol (25 mg or 50 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to treatment group rats for 14 days and then subjected to I/R. The 6-shogaol treatment along with/without sevoflurane post-conditioning reduced the number of apoptotic cell counts, brain edema and cerebral infarct volume. The western blotting analysis revealed a significant stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. RT-PCR and western blotting studies revealed improved expressions of HIF-1α and HO-1 at both gene level and protein levels. I/R induced neurological deficits were also alleviated on sevoflurane post-conditioning with/without 6-shogaol treatment. The present findings revealed that pre-treatment with 6-shogoal enhanced the neuroprotective properties of sevoflurane post-conditioning, illustrated the efficacy of the compound against I/R injury.
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Yu Q, Dai H, Jiang Y, Zha Y, Zhang J. Sevoflurane alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in HT22 cells through regulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:376. [PMID: 33732349 PMCID: PMC7903476 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev), a volatile anesthetic, has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects on different ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured organs. However, the neuroprotective effect of Sev on cerebral I/R injury is poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of Sev on HT22 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury are investigated. The present study demonstrated that OGD/R suppressed the cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from the cells, and these effects were attenuated by Sev treatment. The results also demonstrated that Sev alleviated OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis via flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity determination. Biochemical analysis results revealed that Sev significantly protected against OGD/R-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS generation and improving antioxidant defense markers. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Sev reactivated the PI3K/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway, which was inhibited by OGD/R. In addition, wortmannin, a selective PI3K inhibitor was used to investigate the underlying pathways. Notably, the neuroprotective effect of Sev on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production was found to be suppressed by wortmannin. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Sev may protect neuronal cells against OGD/R-induced injury through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. The findings from the present study provide a novel insight into understanding the neuroprotective effect of Sev on cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haofei Dai
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zha
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
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4
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Yang A, Liu B. May sevoflurane prevent the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema and improve the outcome? Or as a new sedation method for severe brain injury patients. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109538. [PMID: 31911369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Severe primary brain injury and subsequent secondary brain injury cascade events are thought to be involved in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of vasoactive substances are also essential prerequisites for NPE. We hypothesize that sevoflurane may be an effective treatment for preventing the development of NPE. Sevoflurane may play a role in protecting brain and lung tissue after acute brain injury through its sympatholytic, antioxidative, ion channel stabilizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pulmonary protection effects. It has the potential to be used as a sedative in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU), which can help maintain nervous system and cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute brain injury to improve prognosis. Sevoflurane also has the advantages of fast induction of anesthesia, rapid drug metabolism, little interference to the cardiovascular system, and controllable depth of anesthesia. If our hypothesis is supported by further experiments, use of sevoflurane may open a new door for the treatment of acute brain injury and NPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China.
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Hu X, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Duan X, Zhang Y. Postconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced neuron apoptosis in a rat model of hemorrhage shock and resuscitation. Brain Res 2018; 1696:49-55. [PMID: 29870695 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhage shock could initiate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and then induce neuronal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sevoflurane postconditioning could attenuate brain injury via suppressing apoptosis induced by ERS. Seventy male rats were randomized into five groups: sham, shock, low concentration (sevo1, 1.2%), middle concentration (sevo2, 2.4%) and high concentration (sevo3, 3.6%) of sevoflurane postconditioning. Hemorrhage shock was induced by removing 40% of the total blood volume during an interval of 30 min. 1 h after the completion of bleeding, the animals were reinfused with shed blood during the ensuing 30 min. The spatial learning and memory ability of rats were measured by Morris water maze (MWM) test three days after the operation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 region were assessed after the MWM test. The expression of C/EBP-homologousprotein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in the hippocampus were measured at 24 h after reperfusion. We found that sevoflurane postconditioning with the concentrations of 2.4% and 3.6% significantly ameliorated the spatial learning and memory ability, decreased the TUNEL-positive cells, and reduced the GRP78 and CHOP expression compared with the shock group. These results suggested that sevoflurane postconditioning with the concentrations of 2.4% and 3.6% could ameliorate spatial learning and memory deficit after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation injury via suppressing apoptosis induced by ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Li L, Saiyin H, Xie J, Ma L, Xue L, Wang W, Liang W, Yu Q. Sevoflurane preconditioning induced endogenous neurogenesis against ischemic brain injury by promoting microglial activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28544-28557. [PMID: 28212538 PMCID: PMC5438671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia causes irreversible damage to functional neurons in cases of infarct. Promoting endogenous neurogenesis to replace necrotic neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemia patients. The neuroprotective role of sevoflurane preconditioning implies that it might also enhance endogenous neurogenesis and functional restoration in the infarct region. By using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we discovered that endogenous neurogenesis was enhanced by sevoflurane preconditioning. This enhancement process is characterized by the promotion of neuroblast proliferation within the subventricular zone (SVZ), migration and differentiation into neurons, and the presence of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at the site of infarct. The newborn neurons in the sevoflurane preconditioning group showed miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), increased synaptophysin and PSD95 staining density, indicating normal neuronal function. Furthermore, long-term behavioral improvement was observed in the sevoflurane preconditioning group consistent with endogenous neurogenesis. Further histological analyses showed that sevoflurane preconditioning accelerated microglial activation, including migration, phagocytosis and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, suppressed microglial activation and reversed neurogenesis. Our data showed that sevoflurane preconditioning promoted microglial activities, created a favorable microenvironment for endogenous neurogenesis and accelerated functional reconstruction in the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingmo Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weimin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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7
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Xu H, Mei XP, Xu LX. The effect of pre- and after-treatment of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and the underlying mechanisms. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018; 18:1-8. [PMID: 29556553 PMCID: PMC5858006 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Xian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Nan Z, Jin Z, Huijuan C, Tiezheng Z, Keyan C. Effects of TLR3 and TLR9 Signaling Pathway on Brain Protection in Rats Undergoing Sevoflurane Pretreatment during Cardiopulmonary Bypass. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4286738. [PMID: 29445737 PMCID: PMC5763070 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4286738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of TLR3 and TLR9 signaling pathway on brain injury during CPB in rats pretreated with sevoflurane and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS SD rats were randomly assigned to sham group, CPB group, and Sev group. Brain tissue was obtained at before CPB (T0), at CPB for 30 minutes (T1), 1 hour after CPB (T3), and 3 hours after CPB (T5). ELISA was used to measure S100-β and IL-6. Western blot was utilized to determine TLR3 and TLR9 expression. TUNEL was applied to detect neuronal apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with CPB group, at T1, at termination after 1 hour of CPB (T2), T3, 2 hours after CPB (T4) and T5, S100-β and IL-6 decreased in Sev group. Compared with CPB group, IFN-β were increased in Sev group, except T0. Compared with CPB group, TLR3 expression increased, and TLR9 and NF-κB decreased in Sev group. The apoptotic neurons were less in Sev group than in CPB group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sevoflurane intervention can activate TLR3 and TLR9 signaling pathway, upregulate TLR3 expression and downstream TRIF expression, decrease TLR9 expression, and downregulate downstream NF-κB expression in CPB rat models, thereby mitigating brain injury induced by inflammatory response during CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Cao Huijuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhang Tiezheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chen Keyan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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9
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Postconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats. J Surg Res 2016; 206:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Oz M, Demir EA, Caliskan M, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Nurullahoglu Atalik KE. 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol attenuates spatial learning and memory impairments in global cerebral ischemia. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:119-126. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Enver Ahmet Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Merve Caliskan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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Zhou J, Zhou N, Wu XN, Cao HJ, Sun YJ, Zhang TZ, Chen KY, Yu DM. Role of the Toll‑like receptor 3 signaling pathway in the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane pre‑conditioning during cardiopulmonary bypass in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7859-68. [PMID: 26460219 PMCID: PMC4758330 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the roles and possible molecular mechanism of the alleviating effect of sevoflurane pre‑treatment on the extracorporeal circulation and to investigate the possible involvement of the Toll‑like receptor (TLR3) signaling pathway. A total of 64 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: The sham operation group (H group; n=8), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) group (C group; n=24) and sevoflurane pre‑conditioning group (S group; n=32). The C group was subjected to tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, vessel puncture and catheter placement in the right femoral artery and right internal jugular vein, while no CPB was performed in the H group. The S group was pre‑treated with 2.4% sevoflurane for 1 h prior to establishing the CPB model. The CPB in the C and S groups was performed for 1 h. Blood of the rats was analyzed and clinical parameters were detected prior to, during and at various time‑points after CPB. In addition, eight rats from the C and S groups each were sacrificed at these time‑points and brain tissue samples were analyzed. The levels of the brain damage‑specific protein S100‑β as well as IL‑6 and IFN‑β in the serum were detected by ELISA; furthermore, the expression levels of TLR3 and TIR‑domain‑containing adapter‑inducing interferon‑β (TRIF) in the left hippocampus were assessed by ELISA and/or western blot analysis. The right hippocampus was assessed for neuronal apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate and hematocrit were significantly decreased following CPB (P<0.05), while there was no significant changes in any other clinical parameters. The serum levels of S100‑β and IL‑6 in the C group were significantly increased compared with those in the H group (P<0.05), which was attenuated by sevoflurane‑pre‑treatment. Compared with the H group, the serum levels of IFN‑β as well as hippocampal protein levels of TLR3 and TRIF were significantly increased in the C group during and after CPB (P<0.05), which was markedly aggravated in the S group (P<0.05). The number of apoptotic hippocampal neurons, although being generally low, was significantly increased in the C group compared with that in the H group (P<0.05), while apoptosis was significantly attenuated by sevoflurane‑pre‑treatment (P<0.05). The present study therefore concluded that 2.4% sevoflurane pre‑treatment has a protective effect on the rat brain against CPB‑induced injury, which may be mediated via the TLR3 signaling pathway through upregulating the expression levels of anti‑inflammatory and downregulating pro‑inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Cao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Yan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
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12
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Luo C, Yuan D, Zhao W, Chen H, Luo G, Su G, Hei Z. Sevoflurane ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury by inhibiting the synergistic action between mast cell activation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1082-90. [PMID: 25815524 PMCID: PMC4438974 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning with sevoflurane (SEV) can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organs, however, the benefits of SEV against acute lung injury (ALI), induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR), and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of SEV preconditioning on IIR-mediated ALI and the associated mechanisms in a rat model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 2.3% SEV or apocynin (AP), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, were subjected to 75 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion in the presence or absence of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 (CP). SEV and AP were observed to downregulate the protein expression levels of p47phox and gp91phox in the lungs of normal rats. IIR resulted in severe lung injury, characterized by significant increases in pathological injury scores, lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein expression levels of p47phox, gp91phox and ICAM-1, the presence of hydrogen peroxide, malondydehyde and interleukin-6, and the activity of myeloperoxidase. In addition, significant reductions were observed in the expression of prosurfactant protein C, accompanied by an increase in MC degranulation, demonstrated by significant elevations in the number of mast cells, expression levels of tryptase and the concentration of β-hexosaminidase. These changes were further augmented in the presence of CP. In addition, SEV and AP preconditioning significantly alleviated the above alterations induced by IIR alone or in combination with CP. These findings suggested that SEV and AP attenuated IIR-induced ALI by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and the synergistic action between oxidative stress and mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Gangjian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Wen XR, Fu YY, Liu HZ, Wu J, Shao XP, Zhang XB, Tang M, Shi Y, Ma K, Zhang F, Wang YW, Tang H, Han D, Zhang P, Wang SL, Xu Z, Song YJ. Neuroprotection of Sevoflurane Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury Through Inhibiting JNK3/Caspase-3 by Enhancing Akt Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1661-1671. [PMID: 25687432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane against ischemic brain injury and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with sevoflurane alone or sevoflurane combined with LY294002/wortmannin (selective inhibitor of PI3K) before ischemia. Cresyl violet staining was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to measure the phosphorylation of Akt1, PRAS40, ASK1, and JNK3 and the expression of cleaved-caspase-3. The results demonstrated that a moderate dose of sevoflurane inhalation of 2% for 2 h had significant neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion induced hippocampal neuron death. Sevoflurane significantly increased Akt and PRAS40 phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1 at 6 h after reperfusion and the phosphorylation of JNK3 at 3 days after reperfusion following 15 min of transient global brain ischemia. Conversely, LY294002 and wortmannin significantly inhibited the effects of sevoflurane. Taken together, the results suggest that sevoflurane could suppress ischemic brain injury by downregulating the activation of the ASK1/JNK3 cascade via increasing the phosphorylation of Akt1 during ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ru Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Education Sciences, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Shao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun-Bao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Medical Information, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Basic Education Sciences, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Li XQ, Cao XZ, Wang J, Fang B, Tan WF, Ma H. Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates neuronal deficits by inhibiting microglial MMP-9 expression after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Mol Brain 2014; 7:69. [PMID: 25186151 PMCID: PMC4161899 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia are the primary immune cells of the spinal cord that are activated in response to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and release various neurotrophic and/or neurotoxic factors to determine neuronal survival. Among them, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which cleaves various components of the extracellular matrix in the basal lamina and functions as part of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), is considered important for regulating inflammatory responses and microenvironmental homeostasis of the BSCB in the pathology of ischemia. Sevoflurane has been reported to protect against neuronal apoptosis during cerebral IR. However, the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on spinal cord IR injury remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of sevoflurane on potential genetic roles of microglial MMP-9 in tight junction protein breakdown, opening of the BSCB, and subsequent recruitment of microglia to apoptotic spinal cord neurons. Results The results showed significant upregulation of MMP-9 in rats with IR-induced inflammation of the BSCB compared to that of the sham group, manifested as dysfunctional BSCB with increased Evans blue extravasation and reduced expression of occludin protein. Increased MMP-9 expression was also observed to facilitate invasion and migration of activated microglia, imaging as high Iba-1 expression, clustered to neurons in the injured spinal cord, as shown by double immunofluorescence, and increased proinflammatory chemokine production (CXCL10, CCL2). Further, sevoflurane preconditioning markedly improved motor function by ameliorating neuronal apoptosis, as shown by reduced TUNEL-positive cell counts and expression of cleaved caspase-3. These protective effects were probably responsible for downregulation of MMP-9 and maintenance of normal expression of occludin protein indicating BSCB integrity from inflammatory damage, which was confirmed by decreased protein levels of Iba-1 and MMP-9, as well as reduced production of proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β). Intrathecal injection of specific siRNAs targeting MMP-9 had similar protective effects to those of sevoflurane preconditioning. Conclusions Preconditioning with 2.4% sevoflurane attenuated spinal cord IR injury by inhibiting recruitment of microglia and secretion of MMP-9; thus inhibiting downstream effects on inflammatory damage to BSCB integrity and neuronal apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0069-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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15
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Li B, Sun J, Lv G, Yu Y, Wang G, Xie K, Jiao Y, Yu Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury via protein kinase B/nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 pathway activation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:79-86. [PMID: 25149226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300211PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300211PR China
| | - Guoyi Lv
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300211PR China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300052PR China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300052PR China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300052PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300052PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of TianJin Medical UniversityTianjin300052PR China
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16
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Zhao Y, Guo K, Li D, Yuan Q, Yao Z. Special function of nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:308-17. [PMID: 25206817 PMCID: PMC4146154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin(+) neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin(+) neurons to the olfactory bulb and the time course of nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats during injury recovery after olfactory nerve transection. This study observed that all nestin(+) neurons were double-labeled with ChAT in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Approximately 53.6% of nestin(+) neurons were projected to the olfactory bulb and co-labeled with fast blue. A large number of nestin(+) neurons were not present in each region of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca showed obvious compensatory function. The number of nestin(+) neurons decreased to a minimum later than nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that nestin(+) cholinergic neurons may have a closer connection to olfactory bulb neurons. Nestin(+) cholinergic neurons may have a stronger tolerance to injury than Nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons. The difference between nestin(+) and nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons during the recovery process requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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