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Chincarini G, Walker DW, Wong F, Richardson SJ, Cumberland A, Tolcos M. Thyroid hormone analogues: Promising therapeutic avenues to improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38742992 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy complication impairing fetal growth and development. The compromised development is often attributed to disruptions of oxygen and nutrient supply from the placenta, resulting in a number of unfavourable physiological outcomes with impaired brain and organ growth. IUGR is associated with compromised development of both grey and white matter, predisposing the infant to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including long-lasting cognitive and motor difficulties. Cerebral thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, which plays a crucial role in regulating white and grey matter development, is dysregulated in IUGR, potentially contributing to the neurodevelopmental delays associated with this condition. Notably, one of the major TH transporters, monocarboxylate transporter-8 (MCT8), is deficient in the fetal IUGR brain. Currently, no effective treatment to prevent or reverse IUGR exists. Management strategies involve close antenatal monitoring, management of maternal risk factors if present and early delivery if IUGR is found to be severe or worsening in utero. The overall goal is to determine the most appropriate time for delivery, balancing the risks of preterm birth with further fetal compromise due to IUGR. Drug candidates have shown either adverse effects or little to no benefits in this vulnerable population, urging further preclinical and clinical investigation to establish effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the major neuropathology of IUGR driven by uteroplacental insufficiency and the concomitant long-term neurobehavioural impairments in individuals born IUGR. Importantly, we review the existing clinical and preclinical literature on cerebral TH signalling deficits, particularly the impaired expression of MCT8 and their correlation with IUGR. Lastly, we discuss the current evidence on MCT8-independent TH analogues which mimic the brain actions of THs by being metabolised in a similar manner as promising, albeit underappreciated approaches to promote grey and white matter development and improve the neurobehavioural outcomes following IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Chincarini
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Newborn Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Flora Wong
- Monash Newborn Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Angela Cumberland
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Sobierajski E, Lauer G, Czubay K, Grabietz H, Beemelmans C, Beemelmans C, Meyer G, Wahle P. Development of myelin in fetal and postnatal neocortex of the pig, the European wild boar Sus scrofa. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:947-966. [PMID: 37000250 PMCID: PMC10147765 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Myelination of the neocortex of altricial species is mostly a postnatal event, and the appearance of myelin has been associated with the end of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in rodent visual cortex. Due to their precocality, ungulates may tell a different story. Here, we analyzed the development of PDGFRα positive oligodendrocyte precursor cells and expression of myelin proteins in the laminar compartments of fetal and postnatal porcine cortex from E45 onwards. Precursor cell density initially increased and then decreased but remained present at P90. MAG and MBP staining were detectable at E70 in subventricular zone and deep white matter, ascending into gyral white matter at E85, and into the gray matter and marginal zone at E100 (birth in pig at E114). Protein blots confirmed the declining expression of PDGFRα from E65 onwards, and the increase of MBP and MAG expression from E80 onwards. Somatosensory input elicited by spontaneous activity is considered important for the formation of the body representation. Indeed, PDGFRα, MBP and MAG expression started earlier in somatosensory than in visual cortex. Taken together, myelination proceeded in white and gray matter and marginal zone of pig cortex before birth with an areal-specific time course, and an almost mature pattern was present at P5 in visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sobierajski
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Developmental Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - German Lauer
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Developmental Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Czubay
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Developmental Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hannah Grabietz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Developmental Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christa Beemelmans
- Regionalverband Ruhr Grün, Forsthof Üfter Mark, Forsthausweg 306, 46514, Schermbeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Beemelmans
- Regionalverband Ruhr Grün, Forsthof Üfter Mark, Forsthausweg 306, 46514, Schermbeck, Germany
| | - Gundela Meyer
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Petra Wahle
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Developmental Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany.
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3
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Wixey J, Musco H. Understanding the timing of brain injury in fetal growth restriction: lessons from a model of spontaneous growth restriction in piglets. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:322-323. [PMID: 35900416 PMCID: PMC9396480 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
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Fang Q, Liu J, Chen L, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Fu W, Liu Y. Taurine supplementation improves hippocampal metabolism in immature rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) through protecting neurons and reducing gliosis. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2077-2088. [PMID: 35048325 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Taurine as an essential amino acid in the brain could play an important role in protecting the fetal brain of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The hippocampus with IUGR showed neural metabolic disorder and structure changed that affected memory and learning ability. This study was aimed to identify the effect of taurine supplementation on the metabolism alterations and cellular composition changes of the hippocampus in IUGR immature rats. Metabolite concentrations were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the hippocampus of juvenile rats with IUGR following taurine supplementation with antenatal or postnatal supply. The composition of neural cells in the hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and western blotting (WB). Antenatal taurine supplementation increased the ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) /creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu) /Cr of the hippocampus in the IUGR immature rats, but reduced the ratios of choline (Cho) /Cr and myoinositol (mI) /Cr. At the same time, the protein expression of NeuN in the IUGR rats was increased through intrauterine taurine supplementation, and the GFAP expression was reduced. Especially the effect of antenatal taurine was better than postpartum. Furthermore, there existed a positive correlation between the NAA/Cr ratio and the NeuN protein expression (R = 0.496 p < 0.001 IHC; R = 0.568 p < 0.001 WB), the same results existed in the relationship between the mI/Cr ratio and the GFAP protein expression (R = 0.338 p = 0.019 IHC; R = 0.440 p = 0.002 WB). Prenatal taurine supplementation can better improve hippocampal neuronal metabolism by increasing NAA / Cr ratio related to the number of neurons and reducing Cho / Cr ratio related to the number of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 25 Huaweili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun district, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaobin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 25 Huaweili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 25 Huaweili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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Chand KK, Pannek K, Colditz PB, Wixey JA. Brain outcomes in runted piglets: a translational model of fetal growth restriction. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:194-204. [PMID: 35263744 DOI: 10.1159/000523995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
etal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities including learning and behavioural disorders, autism, and cerebral palsy. Persistent changes in brain structure and function that are associated with developmental disabilities are demonstrated in FGR neonates. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain to be determined. There are currently no therapeutic interventions available to protect the FGR newborn brain. With the wide range of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders associated with FGR, the use of an animal model appropriate to investigating mechanisms of injury in the FGR newborn is crucial for the development of effective and targeted therapies for babies. Piglets are ideal animals to explore how perinatal insults affect brain structure and function. FGR occurs spontaneously in the piglet, unlike other animal models that require surgical or chemical intervention, allowing brain outcomes to be studied without the confounding impacts of experimental interventions. The FGR piglet mimics many of the human pathophysiological outcomes associated with FGR including asymmetrical growth restriction with brain sparing. This review will discuss the similarities observed in brain outcomes between the human FGR and FGR piglet from a magnetic resonance imaging in the living and a histological perspective. FGR piglet studies provide the opportunity to determine and track mechanisms of brain injury in a clinically relevant animal model of FGR. Findings from these FGR piglet studies may provide critical information to rapidly translate neuroprotective interventions to clinic to improve outcomes for newborn babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chand K, Nano R, Wixey J, Patel J. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:372-382. [PMID: 35485440 PMCID: PMC9052430 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs when a fetus is unable to grow normally due to inadequate nutrient and oxygen supply from the placenta. Children born with FGR are at high risk of lifelong adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as cerebral palsy, behavioral issues, and learning and attention difficulties. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to protect the FGR newborn from these adverse neurological outcomes. Chronic inflammation and vascular disruption are prevalent in the brains of FGR neonates and therefore targeted treatments may be key to neuroprotection. Tissue repair and regeneration via stem cell therapies have emerged as a potential clinical intervention for FGR babies at risk for neurological impairment and long-term disability. This review discusses the advancement of research into stem cell therapy for treating neurological diseases and how this may be extended for use in the FGR newborn. Leading preclinical studies using stem cell therapies in FGR animal models will be highlighted and the near-term steps that need to be taken for the development of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirat Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Nano
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Wixey
- Julie Wixey, Faculty of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston 4029 QLD, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- Corresponding authors: Jatin Patel, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba 4102 QLD, Australia.
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Neurovascular Unit Alterations in the Growth-Restricted Newborn Are Improved Following Ibuprofen Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1018-1040. [PMID: 34825315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to foetal growth restriction (FGR) and abnormal neurodevelopment is common in the FGR infant ranging from behavioural and learning disorders to cerebral palsy. No treatment exists to protect the FGR newborn brain. Recent evidence suggests inflammation may play a key role in the mechanism responsible for the progression of brain impairment in the FGR newborn, including disruption to the neurovascular unit (NVU). We explored whether ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, could reduce NVU disruption and brain impairment in the FGR newborn. Using a preclinical FGR piglet model, ibuprofen was orally administered for 3 days from birth. FGR brains demonstrated a proinflammatory state, with changes to glial morphology (astrocytes and microglia), and blood-brain barrier disruption, assessed by IgG and albumin leakage into the brain parenchyma and a decrease in blood vessel density. Loss of interaction between astrocytic end-feet and blood vessels was evident where plasma protein leakage was present, suggestive of structural deficits to the NVU. T-cell infiltration was also evident in the parenchyma of FGR piglet brains. Ibuprofen treatment reduced the pro-inflammatory response in FGR piglets, reducing the number of activated microglia and enhancing astrocyte interaction with blood vessels. Ibuprofen also attenuated plasma protein leakage, regained astrocytic end-feet interaction around vessels, and decreased T-cell infiltration into the FGR brain. These findings suggest postnatal administration of ibuprofen modulates the inflammatory state, allowing for stronger interaction between vasculature and astrocytic end-feet to restore NVU integrity. Modulation of the NVU improves the FGR brain microenvironment and may be key to neuroprotection.
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Combination of human endothelial colony-forming cells and mesenchymal stromal cells exert neuroprotective effects in the growth-restricted newborn. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 34795316 PMCID: PMC8602245 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The foetal brain is particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of foetal growth restriction (FGR) with subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment being common. There are no current treatments to protect the FGR newborn from lifelong neurological disorders. This study examines whether pure foetal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) from the human term placenta are neuroprotective through modulating neuroinflammation and supporting the brain vasculature. We determined that one dose of combined MSC-ECFCs (cECFC; 106 ECFC 106 MSC) on the first day of life to the newborn FGR piglet improved damaged vasculature, restored the neurovascular unit, reduced brain inflammation and improved adverse neuronal and white matter changes present in the FGR newborn piglet brain. These findings could not be reproduced using MSCs alone. These results demonstrate cECFC treatment exerts beneficial effects on multiple cellular components in the FGR brain and may act as a neuroprotectant.
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition that prevents normal fetal development, and previous studies have reported that intrauterine growth restriction is caused by adverse intrauterine factors. This condition affects both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders can contribute to gray and white matter damage and decrease the brain volume of affected individuals. Further, these disorders are associated with increased risks of mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and cerebral palsy, which seriously affect the quality of life. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic injury associated with intrauterine growth restriction are not completely clear, studies have revealed that neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitatory toxicity, disruption of blood-brain barrier, and epigenetics may be involved in this process. This article reviews the manifestations and possible mechanisms underlying neurologic injury in intrauterine growth restriction and provides a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wixey JA, Bjorkman ST. Improving brain outcomes in the growth restricted newborn: treating after birth. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:978-979. [PMID: 33229741 PMCID: PMC8178757 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stella Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Ordaz RP, Garay E, Limon A, Pérez-Samartín A, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Robles-Martínez L, Cisneros-Mejorado A, Matute C, Arellano RO. GABA A Receptors Expressed in Oligodendrocytes Cultured from the Neonatal Rat Contain α3 and γ1 Subunits and Present Differential Functional and Pharmacological Properties. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:133-146. [PMID: 33288547 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) express functional GABAA receptors (GABAARs) that are activated by GABA released at synaptic contacts with axons or by ambient GABA in extrasynaptic domains. In both instances, the receptors' molecular identity has not been fully defined. Furthermore, data on their structural diversity in different brain regions and information on age-dependent changes in their molecular composition are scant. This lack of knowledge has delayed access to a better understanding of the role of GABAergic signaling between neurons and OLs. Here, we used functional, and pharmacological analyses, as well as gene and protein expression of GABAAR subunits, to explore the subunit combination that could explain the receptor functional profile expressed in OLs from the neonate rat. We found that GABAAR composed of α3β2γ1 subunits mimicked the characteristics of the endogenous receptor when expressed heterologously in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Either α3 or γ1 subunit silencing by small interfering RNA transfection changed the GABA-response characteristics in oligodendrocyte precursor cells, indicating their participation in the endogenous receptor conformation. Thus, α3 subunit silencing shifted the mean EC50 for GABA from 75.1 to 46.6 µM, whereas γ1 silencing reduced the current amplitude response by 55%. We also observed that β-carbolines differentially enhance GABA responses in oligodendroglia as compared with those in neurons. These results contribute to defining the molecular and pharmacological properties of GABAARs in OLs. Additionally, the identification of β-carbolines as selective enhancers of GABAARs in OLs may help to study the role of GABAergic signaling during myelination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GABAergic signaling through GABAA receptors (GABAARs) expressed in the oligodendroglial lineage contributes to the myelination control. Determining the molecular identity and the pharmacology of these receptors is essential to define their specific roles in myelination. Using GABAAR subunit expression and silencing, we identified that the GABAAR subunit combination α3β2γ1 conforms the bulk of GABAARs in oligodendrocytes from rat neonates. Furthermore, we found that these receptors have differential pharmacological properties that allow specific positive modulation by β-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainald Pablo Ordaz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Edith Garay
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Agenor Limon
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Leticia Robles-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Abraham Cisneros-Mejorado
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Carlos Matute
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
| | - Rogelio O Arellano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México (R.P.O., E.G., L.R.-M., A.C.-M., R.O.A.); Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas (A.L.); and Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain (A.P.-S., M.V.S.-G., C.M.)
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Fleiss B, Gressens P, Stolp HB. Cortical Gray Matter Injury in Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Link to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurol 2020; 11:575. [PMID: 32765390 PMCID: PMC7381224 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm-born infants frequently suffer from an array of neurological damage, collectively termed encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP). They also have an increased risk of presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., autism spectrum disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) later in life. It is hypothesized that it is the gray matter injury to the cortex, in addition to white matter injury, in EoP that is responsible for the altered behavior and cognition in these individuals. However, although it is established that gray matter injury occurs in infants following preterm birth, the exact nature of these changes is not fully elucidated. Here we will review the current state of knowledge in this field, amalgamating data from both clinical and preclinical studies. This will be placed in the context of normal processes of developmental biology and the known pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic tactics required integration of this information so that in the future we can combine mechanism-based approaches with patient stratification to ensure the most efficacious and cost-effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Fleiss
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
- PremUP, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
- PremUP, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen B. Stolp
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Williams MD, Lascelles BDX. Early Neonatal Pain-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Implications on Painful Conditions Later in Life. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32117835 PMCID: PMC7020755 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to receive various injections or have blood drawn within 24 h of life. For infants who are sick or premature, the pain experiences inherent in the required medical care are frequent and often severe, with neonates requiring intensive care admission encountering approximately fourteen painful procedures daily in the hospital. Given that much of the world has seen a steady increase in preterm births for the last several decades, an ever-growing number of babies experience multiple painful events before even leaving the hospital. These noxious events occur during a critical period of neurodevelopment when the nervous system is very vulnerable due to immaturity and neuroplasticity. Here, we provide a narrative review of the literature pertaining to the idea that early life pain has significant long-term effects on neurosensory, cognition, behavior, pain processing, and health outcomes that persist into childhood and even adulthood. We refer to clinical and pre-clinical studies investigating how early life pain impacts acute pain later in life, focusing on animal model correlates that have been used to better understand this relationship. Current knowledge around the proposed underlying mechanisms responsible for the long-lasting consequences of neonatal pain, its neurobiological and behavioral effects, and its influence on later pain states are discussed. We conclude by highlighting that another important consequence of early life pain may be the impact it has on later chronic pain states-an area of research that has received little attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morika D. Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Translational Research in Pain Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Translational Research in Pain Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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14
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Wixey JA, Sukumar KR, Pretorius R, Lee KM, Colditz PB, Bjorkman ST, Chand KK. Ibuprofen Treatment Reduces the Neuroinflammatory Response and Associated Neuronal and White Matter Impairment in the Growth Restricted Newborn. Front Physiol 2019; 10:541. [PMID: 31133875 PMCID: PMC6523042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition where the fetus does not achieve optimal growth, commonly caused by placental insufficiency. The chronic decrease in blood flow restricts oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, which can damage numerous organ systems, with the fetal brain being particularly vulnerable. Although white matter and neuronal injury are evident in IUGR infants, the specific mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. Inflammation is considered to be a main driver in exacerbating brain injury. Using a spontaneous piglet model of IUGR, we aim to determine whether administration of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen will decrease inflammation at postnatal day 4 (P4). The treatment group received ibuprofen (20 mg/kg/day on day 1 and 10 mg/kg/day on days 2 and 3) in piglet formula during the morning feed each day and brains examined on P4. Markers of inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, neuronal injury, and white matter injury were examined. Ibuprofen treatment ameliorated the increase in numbers of microglia and astrocytes in the parietal cortex and white matter tracts of the IUGR piglet brain on P4 as well as decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. Ibuprofen treatment prevented the reduction in apoptosis, neuronal cell counts, and myelin index in the IUGR piglets. Our findings demonstrate ibuprofen reduces the inflammatory response in the IUGR neonatal brain and concurrently reduces neuronal and white matter impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kishen R Sukumar
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rinaldi Pretorius
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Kalanjati VP, Purwantari KE, Prasetiowati L. Aluminium foil dampened the adverse effect of 2100 MHz mobile phone-induced radiation on the blood parameters and myocardium in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11686-11689. [PMID: 30806932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phones emit a radiofrequency radiation (RFR) that might have adverse health effects. We aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of aluminium foil (AF) as a physical shield against the RFR from mobile phones on the blood parameters and the myocardium in rats. The effects of whole body 2100 MHz with 0.84-1.86 W/kg of SAR, 4 h/day for 30 days Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-RFR exposure for 4 h/day for 30 days on blood parameters (i.e. haemoglobin, leucocytes, thrombocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell differential count, corticosterone, CKMB), and the histology of myocardium were investigated. Three-month-old male rats (n = 32) were studied and randomised equally in the following four groups: K1 (non-AF non-RFR control), K2 (AF non-RFR control), P1 (non-AF RFR-exposed), P2 (AF RFR-exposed). Data were analysed with level of significance of p < 0.05. In P1, lower leucocytes and neutrophils counts with high corticosterone levels were found compared with the control groups, whilst a significantly higher CKMB was observed compared with P2 (p = 0.034). Lower cardiomyocyte counts congruent to the area fraction of the non-fibrotic myocardium were observed in P1 compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). AF might decrease the inflammatory-oxidative stress on rodent's blood cells and myocardium induced by the exposures of radiofrequency radiation of the mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viskasari P Kalanjati
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, East Java, 60131, Indonesia.
| | - Kusuma E Purwantari
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, East Java, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Lucky Prasetiowati
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, East Java, 60131, Indonesia
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16
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Wixey JA, Lee KM, Miller SM, Goasdoue K, Colditz PB, Tracey Bjorkman S, Chand KK. Neuropathology in intrauterine growth restricted newborn piglets is associated with glial activation and proinflammatory status in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30621715 PMCID: PMC6323795 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal brain is particularly vulnerable to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) conditions evidenced by neuronal and white matter abnormalities and altered neurodevelopment in the IUGR infant. To further our understanding of neurodevelopment in the newborn IUGR brain, clinically relevant models of IUGR are required. This information is critical for the design and implementation of successful therapeutic interventions to reduce aberrant brain development in the IUGR newborn. We utilise the piglet as a model of IUGR as growth restriction occurs spontaneously in the pig as a result of placental insufficiency, making it a highly relevant model of human IUGR. The purpose of this study was to characterise neuropathology and neuroinflammation in the neonatal IUGR piglet brain. METHODS Newborn IUGR (< 5th centile) and normally grown (NG) piglets were euthanased on postnatal day 1 (P1; < 18 h) or P4. Immunohistochemistry was utilised to examine neuronal, white matter and inflammatory responses, and PCR for cytokine analysis in parietal cortex of IUGR and NG piglets. RESULTS The IUGR piglet brain displayed less NeuN-positive cells and reduced myelination at both P1 and P4 in the parietal cortex, indicating neuronal and white matter disruption. A concurrent decrease in Ki67-positive proliferative cells and increase in cell death (caspase-3) in the IUGR piglet brain was also apparent on P4. We observed significant increases in the number of both Iba-1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the white matter in IUGR piglet brain on both P1 and P4 compared with NG piglets. These increases were associated with a change in activation state, as noted by altered glial morphology. This inflammatory state was further evident with increased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α) and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 and -10) observed in the IUGR piglet brains. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the piglet model of IUGR displays the characteristic neuropathological outcomes of neuronal and white matter impairment similar to those reported in the IUGR human brain. The activated glial morphology and elevated proinflammatory cytokines is indicative of an inflammatory response that may be associated with neuronal damage and white matter disruption. These findings support the use of the piglet as a pre-clinical model for studying mechanisms of altered neurodevelopment in the IUGR newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Miller
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kate Goasdoue
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
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17
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Fleiss B, Wong F, Brownfoot F, Shearer IK, Baud O, Walker DW, Gressens P, Tolcos M. Knowledge Gaps and Emerging Research Areas in Intrauterine Growth Restriction-Associated Brain Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:188. [PMID: 30984110 PMCID: PMC6449431 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complex global healthcare issue. Concerted research and clinical efforts have improved our knowledge of the neurodevelopmental sequelae of IUGR which has raised the profile of this complex problem. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of therapies to prevent the substantial rates of fetal demise or the constellation of permanent neurological deficits that arise from IUGR. The purpose of this article is to highlight the clinical and translational gaps in our knowledge that hamper our collective efforts to improve the neurological sequelae of IUGR. Also, we draw attention to cutting-edge tools and techniques that can provide novel insights into this disorder, and technologies that offer the potential for better drug design and delivery. We cover topics including: how we can improve our use of crib-side monitoring options, what we still need to know about inflammation in IUGR, the necessity for more human post-mortem studies, lessons from improved integrated histology-imaging analyses regarding the cell-specific nature of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals, options to improve risk stratification with genomic analysis, and treatments mediated by nanoparticle delivery which are designed to modify specific cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Fleiss
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Bobbi Fleiss
| | - Flora Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Brownfoot
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle K. Shearer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivier Baud
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Children's Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David W. Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Gressens
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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18
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Wixey JA, Chand KK, Pham L, Colditz PB, Bjorkman ST. Therapeutic potential to reduce brain injury in growth restricted newborns. J Physiol 2018; 596:5675-5686. [PMID: 29700828 DOI: 10.1113/jp275428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants is a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adverse outcomes range from mild learning difficulties, to attention difficulties, neurobehavioral issues, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and other cognitive and psychiatric disorders. While the use of medication to ameliorate neurological deficits in IUGR neonates has been identified as warranting urgent research for several years, few trials have been reported. This review summarises clinical trials focusing on brain protection in the IUGR newborn as well as therapeutic interventions trialled in animal models of IUGR. Therapeutically targeting mechanisms of brain injury in the IUGR neonate is fundamental to improving long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Inflammation is a key mechanism in neonatal brain injury; and therefore an appealing target. Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug currently used in the preterm neonate, may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat brain injury in the IUGR neonate. To better understand the potential of ibuprofen and other therapeutic agents to be neuroprotective in the IUGR neonate, long-term follow-up information of neurodevelopmental outcomes must be studied. Where agents such as ibuprofen are shown to be effective, have a good safety profile and are relatively inexpensive, they can be widely adopted and lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Lily Pham
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
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19
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Dong W, Xu D, Hu Z, He X, Guo Z, Jiao Z, Yu Y, Wang H. Low-functional programming of the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway mediates cognitive impairment in male offspring after prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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