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Yang YP, Pan SJ, Zhang MX, Chen HX, Tung TH. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers under the "Ten New Guidelines" in Taizhou, China. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102550. [PMID: 38179442 PMCID: PMC10765108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We explored the influence of the "Ten new guidelines" on healthcare workers' preparedness, work impact, personal life impact, concerns, and support in Taizhou, China. Methods A hospital-based self-administered online survey was conducted to investigate the levels of COVID-19 related experience among healthcare workers in December 2022. In total, 472 out of 2080 healthcare workers (22.7 % response rate) completed the questionnaires with valid responses. Stepwise linear regression was used to investigate the independence of factors associated with preparedness, work impact, personal life impact, concerns, and support. Results The results revealed that working position (p < 0.001), pressure (p = 0.005), and negative affect (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with preparedness. Working position (p = 0.015), number of children (p = 0.040), working years (p = 0.019), COVID-19 risk perception (p < 0.001), work overload (p < 0.001), and negative affect (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with work impact. In addition, COVID-19 risk perception (p < 0.001), work overload (p < 0.001), pressure (p = 0.002), history of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.008), and awareness of possible infectious time (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with personal life impact. COVID-19 risk perception (p < 0.001), negative affect (p < 0.001), and work overload (p = 0.020) were significantly associated with concerns. Sex (p = 0.020) and negative affect (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with support. Conclusion Negative affect was the most significant factor associated with COVID-19 related questions among healthcare workers under "Ten new guidelines" during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Yan L, Li J, Lin P, Sun J. Psychological Stress and Coping Strategy Profiles Among Frontline Medical Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:954-960. [PMID: 38015185 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore coping strategy profiles used by frontline medical workers and the psychological stress reactions associated with each category, in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Participants were 651 frontline medical workers recruited between February and March 2020. Psychological stress reactions (e.g., anxiety, depression) and coping strategies were assessed and analyzed using latent profile analysis and linear regression. Participants had three coping strategy profiles: coping inadequately (28.9%), coping appropriately (64.4%), and coping excessively (6.7%). Compared with coping appropriately, those who coped inadequately and excessively had higher psychological stress reactions levels. Levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in excessive-coping individuals were higher than those who coped inadequately. Our findings elucidate the effectiveness of different coping strategy profiles and provide insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate stress among medical workers. In light of these results, we recommend implementing stress management programs tailored to specific coping strategy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yan
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan
| | - Jiahuan Li
- School of Health and Nursing, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang
| | | | - Jiwei Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Li J, Yan X, Chen G, Sun H. Mindfulness meditation intervention improves the mindfulness awareness level of nurses' second victims to enhance their psychological support. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231178136. [PMID: 37273551 PMCID: PMC10233569 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231178136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The medical staff involved in adverse events, referred to as second victims, usually suffer second victim syndrome endangering their health. Still, there are few organizational support projects in this area in China. Objective To explore the effect of mindfulness meditation on the level and needs of organizational support, and mindfulness awareness among nurses as second victims. Methods Forty-six nurses from a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China were selected to participate in the study. This study was conducted using a convenience sampling method for eight weeks of mindfulness meditation intervention. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale were used to assessing the need for support and mindfulness awareness of nurses prior to intervention, during the fourth and eighth weeks of intervention, and at the conclusion of the intervention course. Results The difference between the scores measured before the intervention, in the fourth week, and in the eighth week of intervention showed that the need for the second victim support from work-related organizations was significant (F = 34.513, p = .000); there was no significant difference in the scores related to the need for nonwork-related support of the second victim in the participating nurses (F = 1.373, p = .257); the scores of the level of mindfulness awareness were (64.85 ± 11.41), (68.63 ± 11.33), and (71.20 ± 8.41), a significant difference (F = 18.848; p = .000) was found in terms of before and after the intervention; nurses' second victim support needs gradually shifted from evasion to confronting problems appropriately. Conclusion Mindfulness meditation intervention is applicable to the second victim population of nurses. It is an effective way to support second victim nurses and can effectively improve their level of mindfulness and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixi Yan
- Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiru Chen
- Department of Nursing, People's
Hospital of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Prefecture, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
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Kuipers S, van der Wilt A, Wolbers J. Pandemic publishing: A bibliometric review of COVID-19 research in the crisis and disaster literature. RISK, HAZARDS & CRISIS IN PUBLIC POLICY 2022; 13:302-321. [PMID: 36718428 PMCID: PMC9877776 DOI: 10.1002/rhc3.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iconic events have traditionally instigated progression in the fields of crisis and disaster science. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressing question is how this global health emergency impacted the research agendas of our field. We reviewed contributions in ten important crisis and disaster journals in the two and a half years following the COVID-19 outbreak from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2022. Specifically, we conducted a bibliometric review using thematic mapping analysis to distill the major themes covered by the emerging COVID-19 literature within crisis and disaster science (N = 239 articles). Our results indicate that several well-known topics are applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as risk, crisis communication, governance, resilience and vulnerability. The pandemic also gave rise to new topics, such as citizen behavior, state power, and the business and mental health impact of crisis measures. Several studies are already looking ahead by identifying lessons for preparedness and mitigation of future pandemics. By taking stock of the surge of COVID-19 studies while this academic literature is still taking shape, this review sets the stage for future contributions to the crisis and disaster literatures. It provides valuable lessons for what topics are studied and what themes need more attention. The COVID-19 pandemic is destined to become an iconic event for our literature that not only strengthens and deepens existing debates, but also clearly offers the opportunity to draw in new perspectives and broaden the horizon of crisis and disaster science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanneke Kuipers
- Editor‐in‐Chief, Risk, Hazards and Crisis in Public PolicyLeiden University's Institute of Security and Global AffairsThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Wolbers
- Editor‐in‐Chief, Risk, Hazards and Crisis in Public PolicyLeiden University's Institute of Security and Global AffairsThe HagueThe Netherlands
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García-Vivar C, Rodríguez-Matesanz I, San Martín-Rodríguez L, Soto-Ruiz N, Ferraz-Torres M, Escalada-Hernández P. Analysis of mental health effects among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:326-340. [PMID: 36270926 PMCID: PMC9874873 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Working on the frontline during the pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of health professionals. A significant proportion experienced anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress or depression. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Analysis and synthesis of the evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses based on their work context. There exists a gap in the literature as no studies were found that analysed the effects on nurses' mental health according to the level of care they worked in (hospital-primary care-nursing home). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: There is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. ABSTRACT: Introduction Health professionals have suffered negative consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. No review has specifically addressed the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses exclusively according to the work context. Aim To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses who have worked in hospitals, primary care centres and social health centres. Method PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched (Prospero number: CRD42021249513). Out of 706 papers, 31 studies (2020-2021) were included in the systematic review. A qualitative synthesis method was used to analyse the data. Results Most studies were conducted in hospitals or frontline settings. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms was for anxiety 29.55%, depression 38.79%, posttraumatic stress disorder 29.8%, and insomnia 40.66%. Discussion This review highlights the mental health effects among nurses working in acute hospital settings. It also evidences a data gap on mental health effects among nurses working in primary health care and in nursing homes. Implications for practice In the post phase of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact on the mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Vivar
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Rodríguez-Matesanz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Primary Care Research Group, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, IIS Biodonostia, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Leticia San Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nelia Soto-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferraz-Torres
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Escalada-Hernández
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Al-Hadi Hasan A, Waggas D. Psychological wellbeing and associated factors among nurses exposed to COVID 19: Findings from a cross sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 76:103025. [PMID: 35572806 PMCID: PMC9085385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus pandemic known as COVID-2019 poses a global concern. The psychological well-being of front-line nurses and other healthcare providers is a major concern. AIMS This study evaluated the psychological well-being and the associated factors among nurses in Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted during the peak period of COVID 19 among 367 nurses recruited from Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital. The online survey was used with the snowballing sampling technique to collect the participants' socio-demographic data and assess their psychological status using DASS-21; in addition, the major traumatic event was assessed by Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and self-efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS 67.7% of the 367 respondents experienced moderate or severe psychological problem; 46.1% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 48.0% moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 48.4% moderate to severe stress levels. The psychological status and influence of a major traumatic event and self-efficacy were statistically significant different among nurses according to age, gender, working experience, marital status, working in a COVID 19 unit or with suspected cases. CONCLUSIONS Nurses had a significantly increased risk of developing psychological problems, negatively impacted by the major traumatic event and poor self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al-Hadi Hasan
- Associate Professor, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Nursing Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Alhamra District, Palestine Street, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Waggas
- Asssitant Profesor Pharmacology, Medicine Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, MBBS Department, Alhamra District, Palestine Street, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mesta C, Cremen G, Galasso C. Urban growth modelling and social vulnerability assessment for a hazardous Kathmandu Valley. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6152. [PMID: 35413963 PMCID: PMC9005627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In our rapidly urbanizing world, many hazard-prone regions face significant challenges regarding risk-informed urban development. This study addresses this issue by investigating evolving spatial interactions between natural hazards, ever-increasing urban areas, and social vulnerability in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The methodology considers: (1) the characterization of flood hazard and liquefaction susceptibility using pre-existing global models; (2) the simulation of future urban built-up areas using the cellular-automata SLEUTH model; and (3) the assessment of social vulnerability, using a composite index tailored for the case-study area. Results show that built-up areas in Kathmandu Valley will increase to 352 km2 by 2050, effectively doubling the equivalent 2018 figure. The most socially vulnerable villages will account for 29% of built-up areas in 2050, 11% more than current levels. Built-up areas in the 100-year and 1000-year return period floodplains will respectively increase from 38 km2 and 49 km2 today to 83 km2 and 108 km2 in 2050. Additionally, built-up areas in liquefaction-susceptible zones will expand by 13 km2 to 47 km2. This study illustrates how, where, and to which extent risks from natural hazards can evolve in socially vulnerable regions. Ultimately, it emphasizes an urgent need to implement effective policy measures for reducing tomorrow's natural-hazard risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mesta
- Understanding and Managing Extremes (UME) Graduate School, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gemma Cremen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine Galasso
- Understanding and Managing Extremes (UME) Graduate School, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Saeed H, Eslami A, Nassif NT, Simpson AM, Lal S. Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042189. [PMID: 35206374 PMCID: PMC8871867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has incited a rise in anxiety, with uncertainty regarding the specific impacts and risk factors across multiple populations. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to investigate the prevalence and associations of anxiety in different sample populations in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Four databases were utilised in the search (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO). The review period commenced in April 2021 and was finalised on 5 July 2021. A total of 3537 studies were identified of which 87 were included in the review (sample size: 755,180). Healthcare workers had the highest prevalence of anxiety (36%), followed by university students (34.7%), the general population (34%), teachers (27.2%), parents (23.3%), pregnant women (19.5%), and police (8.79%). Risk factors such as being female, having pre-existing mental conditions, lower socioeconomic status, increased exposure to infection, and being younger all contributed to worsened anxiety. The review included studies published before July 2021; due to the ongoing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, this may have excluded relevant papers. Restriction to only English papers and a sample size > 1000 may have also limited the range of papers included. These findings identify groups who are most vulnerable to developing anxiety in a pandemic and what specific risk factors are most common across multiple populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsah Saeed
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ardalan Eslami
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.T.N.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.T.N.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.S.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Balakrishnan V, Ng KS, Kaur W, Govaichelvan K, Lee ZL. COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:47-56. [PMID: 34801606 PMCID: PMC8599140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize the extant literature reporting the effects of COVID-19 pandemic based on the pooled prevalence of depression among affected populations in Asia Pacific, as well as its risk factors. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was adopted as per the PRISMA guidelines, targeting articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from January 2021 to March 30, 2021. The screening resulted in 82 papers. RESULTS The overall pooled depression prevalence among 201,953 respondents was 34% (95%CI, 29-38, 99.7%), with no significant differences observed between the cohorts, timelines, and regions (p > 0.05). Dominant risk factors found were fear of COVID-19 infection (13%), gender (i.e., females; 12%) and deterioration of underlying medical conditions (8.3%), regardless of the sub-groups. Specifically, fear of COVID-19 infection was the most reported risk factor among general population (k = 14) and healthcare workers (k = 8). Gender (k = 7) and increased workload (k = 7) were reported among healthcare workers whereas education disruption among students (k = 7). LIMITATION The review is limited to articles published in three electronic databases. Conclusion The pandemic has caused depression among the populations across Asia Pacific, specifically among the general population, healthcare workers and students. Immediate attention and interventions from the concerned authorities are needed in addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seong Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wandeep Kaur
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Kumanan Govaichelvan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Lek Lee
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dharra S, Kumar R. Promoting Mental Health of Nurses During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Will the Rapid Deployment of Nurses' Training Programs During COVID-19 Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Anxiety? Cureus 2021; 13:e15213. [PMID: 34178532 PMCID: PMC8221086 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The nursing profession is extremely demanding and stressful. Nurses have been facing a tremendous amount of fear and anxiety during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. General self-efficacy is considered one of the most influential factors that can modify the impact of anxiety on nurses' mental health. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictors of self-efficacy and anxiety among nurses during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 368 nurses working in a tertiary care hospital. The General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were used for assessing self-efficacy and anxiety. The chi-square test followed by bivariate and multivariable regression analyses was performed to identify the determinants of self-efficacy and anxiety. Results The mean age of the nurses was 28.91 years (SD=3.68), with a mean working experience in the nursing field of 5.32 years (SD=2.48). The mean self-efficacy and anxiety scores were 32.19 (SD=4.53) and 3.82 (SD=2.87), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that higher age (>30 years, p=.003), professional education acquired through a diploma course instead of a graduate degree (p<.001), and lack of training on handling COVID-19 patients (p=.003) were significant determinants of higher anxiety among nurses. Similarly, higher economic status (p=.001), sufficient COVID-19 training (p=.049), having family members tested positive for COVID-19 (p=.012), professional experience (≤5 years, p<0.001), and quarantine period (≤14 days, p=.002) were revealed to be independent determinants of a higher sense of self-efficacy among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Receiving adequate levels of training on COVID-19 plays a vital role in improving self-efficacy and reducing anxiety among nurses during the ongoing pandemic. Managing anxiety, increasing self-efficacy, and ensuring more exposure to COVID-19-related training may improve nurses' mental health and prepare them for fighting pandemics in a much better and more efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Dharra
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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