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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A, Sołtysiuk M, Kobuszewska A. The Enterotoxin Production and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Strains Originating from Slaughter Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101131. [PMID: 36297191 PMCID: PMC9612029 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of animal-origin Campylobacter strains, including antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxigenicity, was determined in this study. Overall, 149 Campylobacter isolates originating from cattle, swine and poultry were tested. The antimicrobial resistance profiles were examined by the diffusion disk method. The dominant resistance pattern was CIP_TET. The resistance rates for ciprofloxacin among swine, cattle and poultry isolates were 84%, 51% and 66%, respectively; for tetracycline, they were 82%, 57.1% and 76%, respectively. None of the obtained isolates was resistant to all four antimicrobials tested. The ability to produce enterotoxins was assessed by the use of a suckling mouse bioassay, with intestinal fluid accumulation as a positive result, and by CHO assay, with the elongation of cells as a positive result. The ability to produce enterotoxins was significantly higher among cattle isolates (61.2% and 71.4% positive isolates, respectively, in the bioassay and the CHO assay) than among swine (16% and 32% positive isolates, respectively) or poultry isolates (14% and 22% positive isolates, respectively). A strong positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo enterotoxicity tests was demonstrated.
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Zhou K, Huo M, Ma W, Mi K, Xu X, Algharib SA, Xie S, Huang L. Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Develop a Veterinary Amorphous Enrofloxacin Solid Dispersion. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:602. [PMID: 33922109 PMCID: PMC8143505 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic intestinal pathogens threaten human health and cause huge economic losses in farming. Enrofloxacin (ENR) shows high antibacterial activity against common intestinal bacteria. However, its poor palatability and low aqueous solubility limit the clinical application of ENR. To obtain an ENR oral preparation with good palatability and high solubility, a granule containing an amorphous ENR solid dispersion (ENR-SD) was prepared. Meanwhile, a PBPK model of ENR in pigs was built based on the physiological parameters of pigs and the chemical-specific parameters of ENR to simulate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ENR-SD granules in the intestinal contents. According to the results of parameter sensitivity analysis (PSA) and the predicted PK parameters at different doses of the model, formulation strategies and potential dose regimens against common intestinal infections were provided. The DSC and XRD results showed that no specific interactions existed between the excipients and ENR during the compatibility tests, and ENR presented as an amorphous form in ENR-SD. Based on the similar PK performance of ENR-SD granules and the commercial ENR soluble powder suggesting continued enhancement of the solubility of ENR, a higher drug concentration in intestinal contents could not be obtained. Therefore, a 1:5 ratio of ENR and stearic acid possessing a saturated aqueous solubility of 1190 ± 7.71 µg/mL was selected. The predictive AUC24h/MIC90 ratios against Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli were 133, 266 and 8520 (>100), respectively, suggesting that satisfactory efficacy against common intestinal infections would be achieved at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. once daily. The PSA results indicated that the intestinal absorption rate constant (Ka) was negatively correlated with the Cmax of ENR in the intestine, suggesting that we could obtain higher intestinal Cmax using P-gp inducers to reduce Ka, thus obtaining a higher Cmax. Our studies suggested that the PBPK model is an excellent tool for formulation and dose design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Meixia Huo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Wenjin Ma
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (M.H.); (W.M.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Examination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated from Poultry in Turkey. J Vet Res 2018; 62:463-468. [PMID: 30729203 PMCID: PMC6364164 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to isolate thermophilic Campylobacter from chickens raised three rearing methods, determine its antimicrobial susceptibilities, and examine resistance-related genes by PCR. Material and Methods Cloacal swabs or intestinal contents were taken in Istanbul, Sakarya, and Izmir provinces. Chickens were from small village-based family-run businesses (n = 70), organically raised (n = 71), and conventionally raised broilers (n = 79). The samples were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone desoxycholate (mCCD) agar. Suspect isolates were identified with multiplex PCR (mPCR). As per EUCAST standards, MIC values were derived by broth microdilution for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin in isolates of C. jejuni (n = 98) and C. coli (n = 83). Results In C. jejuni, 78.6% tetracycline, 87.8% ciprofloxacin, and 81.6% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, but none was to kanamycin, gentamicin, or erythromycin. In C. coli, 98.8% ciprofloxacin and 63.9% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, whereas resistance to non-quinolones was not observed. C257T (Thr-86-Ile) mutation in the gyrA gene of all phenotypically quinolone-resistant isolates was detected through a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR). It emerged that all isolates bore the tet (O) resistance gene. Conclusion Common tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin resistance exists in Campylobacter isolated from chickens raised three rearing methods.
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Bianchi AC, Olazábal L, Torre A, Loperena L. Antarctic microorganisms as source of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:1869-78. [PMID: 24474389 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that belong to the omega-3 group. They are essential fatty acids found in phospholipid of cell membranes. There is strong evidence that these nutrients may also favorably modulate many diseases. Primary sources of omega-3 PUFAs in the human diet are fish and fish-derived products. The fishing industry worldwide, however, is becoming unable to satisfy the growing demand for these PUFAs. A promising cost-effective alternative source of PUFAs is bacterial production. We identified 40 Antarctic marine bacterial isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Fifteen genera in three phyla were represented in the collection. Isolates were tested for ability to produce EPA using a method in which their ability to reduce 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is determined and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All isolates could reduce TTC, and GC-MS analysis showed that four produced EPA and that six produced DHA. We show for the first time that isolates identified as Cellulophaga, Pibocella and Polaribacter can produce EPA and DHA, only DHA or only EPA, respectively. One isolate, Shewanella sp. (strain 8-5), is indicated to be a good candidate for further study to optimize growth and EPA production. In conclusion, a rapid method was tested for identification of new EPA producing strains from marine environments. New EPA and DHA producing strains were found as well as a potentially useful PUFA production strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Bianchi
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Döhne S, Merle R, Altrock AV, Waldmann KH, Verspohl J, Grüning P, Hamedy A, Kreienbrock L. Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from Northern German fattening pigs. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1839-45. [PMID: 23043834 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility rate of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. isolated from Northern German fattening pigs. From 540 lymph node samples, 16 Salmonella Typhimurium, 1 Salmonella Brandenburg, 37 Campylobacter coli, and 11 Campylobacter jejuni strains were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by the broth dilution method. The 14 tested antibiotics for Salmonella were ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. The eight tested antibiotics for Campylobacter spp. were ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1), ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1:19), and tetracycline. In total, 93.7% (n = 16) of Salmonella Typhimurium, 75.7% (n = 37) of C. coli, and 54.5% (n = 11) of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Multiresistance to three antibiotics was observed in 75% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 16.2% of C. coli, and 0% of C. jejuni isolates. Pansusceptibility was detected in 6.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 24.3% of C. coli, and 45.5% of C. jejuni isolates. Multiresistance is defined as resistance to three or more antibiotics, and pansusceptibility is defined as not having resistance to any antibiotic. Regarding drugs of last resort--cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid--resistance was not common among Salmonella (6.3%). The resistance rate of Campylobacter spp. to last-resort drugs--erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid--varied between species. The observed trend was not statistically significant. No C. coli isolates and few C. jejuni isolates (9.1%) were resistant to erythromycin. In contrast to C. jejuni, the C. coli isolates were more likely to be resistant to ciprofloxacin (9.1 and 18.9%, respectively) and nalidixic acid (0 and 13.5%, respectively). The same phenomenon was detected for tetracycline (27.3 and 62.2%, respectively), sulfamethoxazole (9.1 and 43.2%, respectively), and ampicillin (9.1 and 21.6%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Döhne
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing/WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Juntunen P, Heiska H, Hänninen ML. Campylobacter coli isolates from Finnish farrowing farms using aminopenicillins: high prevalence of bla(OXA-61) and β-lactamase production, but low MIC values. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:902-6. [PMID: 22924522 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial treatment of animals may select resistance in Campylobacter to antimicrobial agents belonging to several classes of compounds. We investigated the effect of widely used aminopenicillin therapy on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels in porcine Campylobacter coli isolates and investigated the presence of a β-lactamase gene and β-lactamase production. Epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) were applied to detect decreased susceptibility. Fifty-three isolates were obtained from aminopenicillin-treated (ampicillin or amoxicillin) sows and piglets during and up to 3 weeks post-treatment. All isolates had ampicillin MICs below the ECOFF (≤ 8 μg/mL). An additional 63 isolates were sampled before treatment or from other untreated sows and piglets. Of these isolates, four had ampicillin MICs above the ECOFF. All ciprofloxacin MICs were below the ECOFF (≤ 1 μg/mL), except for three isolates from untreated sows and four isolates after aminopenicillin therapy. One isolate originating from an untreated sow had an erythromycin MIC above the ECOFF (> 16 μg/mL). None of the isolates had MICs above the ECOFFs for two or three studied antimicrobials simultaneously. Of the 116 C. coli isolates, 90 (77.6%) isolates carried the bla(OXA-61) β-lactamase gene, and 63 (70.0%) of those produced β-lactamase. The isolates producing β-lactamase had higher ampicillin MICs than those without the bla(OXA-61) gene and production of β-lactamase. Proportion of the bla(OXA-61)-positive C. coli isolates was similar among untreated animals or during and after the treatment. In conclusion, C. coli isolates did not acquire high ampicillin MICs even though aminopenicillins were administered at therapeutic levels for several days. The bla(OXA-61) gene and production of β-lactamase increased ampicillin MICs in C. coli, but the values remained mainly under the ECOFF. We also demonstrated that aminopenicillin therapy did not select simultaneously resistance to the major antimicrobials used in human therapy against campylobacteriosis (i.e., erythromycin and ciprofloxacin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Juntunen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Biasi RS, Freitas de Macedo RE, Scaranello Malaquias MA, Franchin PR. Prevalence, strain identification and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered pig carcasses in Brazil. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qin SS, Wu CM, Wang Y, Jeon B, Shen ZQ, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Shen JZ. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli isolated from pigs in two provinces of China. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 146:94-8. [PMID: 21349598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter coli isolated from swine in China. A total of 190 C. coli isolates obtained from two slaughter houses and ten conventional pig farms in Shandong (SD, n=95) and Ningxia (NX, n=95) provinces were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. A high prevalence (>95%) of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-resistant strains was observed in both SD and NX. The erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rates of C. coli from NX (ERY: 54.7% CLI: 43.2%) were higher than those from SD (ERY: 37.9%, CLI: 35.8%). A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in erythromycin resistance rate, but not (P>0.05) in clindamycin resistance rate. while the resistance rates of ampicillin and kanamycin in NX (AMP: 34.7%, KAN: 43.2%) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in SD (AMP: 51.6%, KAN: 71.6%). None of the tested isolates were resistant to phenicols. The majority of the isolates from both provinces (SD: 80% and NX: 73.7%) showed multi-drug resistance profiles. The point mutations of A2075G in the 23S rRNA and C257T in the gyrA gene were detected in 98% (87/89) of macrolide resistant isolates and all ciprofloxacin resistant isolates, respectively. In addition, all tetracycline-resistant isolates harbored the tet(O) gene. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in C. coli strains derived from pigs in China was observed and was likely due to the extensive use of various antimicrobials. Prudent use of antimicrobial agents on farms should be further emphasized to control the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shang Qin
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Luangtongkum T, Jeon B, Han J, Plummer P, Logue CM, Zhang Q. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter: emergence, transmission and persistence. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:189-200. [PMID: 19257846 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.4.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen, which causes gastroenteritis in humans. This pathogenic organism is increasingly resistant to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are the most frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is warranted. As a zoonotic pathogen, Campylobacter has a broad animal reservoir and infects humans via contaminated food, water or milk. Antibiotic usage in both animal agriculture and human medicine, can influence the development of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. This review will describe the trend in fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter, summarize the mechanisms underlying the resistance to various antibiotics and discuss the unique features associated with the emergence, transmission and persistence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. Special attention will be given to recent findings and emphasis will be placed on Campylobacter resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides. A future perspective on antibiotic resistance and potential approaches for the control of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taradon Luangtongkum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 500111, USA.
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Ekkapobyotin C, Padungtod P, Chuanchuen R. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli isolates from swine. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:325-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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