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Hur JI, Kim J, Kang MS, Kim HJ, Ryu S, Jeon B. Cold tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni and its impact on food safety. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113683. [PMID: 38129027 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide and is primarily transmitted to humans through contaminated poultry meat. To control this pathogen, it is critical to understand its cold tolerance because poultry products are usually distributed in the cold chain. However, there is limited information regarding how this thermotolerant, microaerophilic pathogen can survive in cold and aerobic environments in the poultry cold chain. In this study, we investigated the cold tolerance of C. jejuni by measuring the viability of 90 C. jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken at 4 °C under aerobic and microaerobic conditions. Despite the microaerophilic nature of C. jejuni, under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni exhibited higher viability at 4 °C and required an extended inactivation time compared to microaerobic conditions. Some strains were highly tolerant to refrigeration temperatures and exhibited increased survival at 4 °C. These cold-tolerant strains mostly belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex (CC)-21 and CC-443, indicating that cold tolerance is associated with the phylogeny of C. jejuni. Notably, cold-tolerant strains had an increased probability of illness and were more likely to cause human infections due to their extended survival on refrigerated chicken meat compared to those sensitive to cold stress. Furthermore, the majority of cold-tolerant strains exhibited elevated aerotolerance, indicating that cold tolerance is related to aerotolerance. These findings suggest that refrigeration of chicken meat under aerobic conditions may not be effective at controlling C. jejuni and that cold-tolerant C. jejuni can pose an increased risk to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Hur
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kang
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Forghani F, Sreenivasa MY, Jeon B. Editorial: One health approach to improve food safety. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1269425. [PMID: 37675424 PMCID: PMC10478073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1269425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoun Forghani
- IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Lake Forest Park, WA, United States
| | - M. Y. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Santativongchai P, Tulayakul P, Jeon B. Enhancement of the Antibiofilm Activity of Nisin against Listeria monocytogenes Using Food Plant Extracts. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030444. [PMID: 36986366 PMCID: PMC10056046 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen exhibiting a high mortality rate. In addition to the robust tolerance to environmental stress, the ability of L. monocytogenes to develop biofilms increases the risk of contaminating food processing facilities and ultimately foods. This study aims to develop a synergistic approach to better control Listeria biofilms using nisin, the only bacteriocin approved as a food preservative, in combination with gallic-acid-rich food plant extracts. Biofilm assays in the presence of nisin and gallic acid or its derivatives revealed that gallic acid significantly decreased the level of biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes, whereas ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, and lauryl gallate enhanced biofilm production. As gallic acid is widely distributed in plants, we examined whether extracts from gallic-acid-rich food plants, such as clove, chestnut, oregano, and sage, may generate similar antibiofilm effects. Remarkably, sage extracts enhanced the antibiofilm activity of nisin against L. monocytogenes; however, the other tested extracts increased biofilm formation, particularly at high concentrations. Moreover, sage extracts and nisin combinations significantly reduced the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel. Sage is a common food spice and has various beneficial health effects, including antioxidation and anti-cancer properties. The findings in this study demonstrate that sage extracts can be potentially combined with nisin to prevent biofilm production in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Santativongchai
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kim S, Jeon B. Who are the most vulnerable populations for primary care? Avoidable hospitalizations across individuals with different types of disabilities in South Korea. Public Health 2023; 217:138-145. [PMID: 36889052 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with disabilities have limited access to primary care, the quality of care must be examined. OBJECTIVE To examine avoidable hospitalizations among individuals with disabilities and determine the most vulnerable populations across types of disabilities. METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database, we compared hypertension- and diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations (HRAH and DRAH, respectively) across disability status and disability type based on age-sex standardized rates from 2011 to 2020 and logistic regression. RESULTS The gap between those with and without disabilities in age-sex standardized HRAH and DRAH increased over 10 years. Odds ratios for HRAH were higher for those with disabilities, with individuals with mental disabilities having the highest odds ratio, followed by those with intellectual/developmental disabilities, then those with physical disabilities; for DRAH, the three highest odds ratios belonged to individuals with mental, intellectual/developmental, and visual disabilities. Among those with disabilities, HRAH was higher for those with mental, intellectual/developmental, and severe physical disabilities, whereas DRAH was higher for those with mental, severe visual, and intellectual/developmental disabilities compared to those with mild physical disabilities. CONCLUSION This study reveals high avoidable hospitalization rates among individuals with disabilities and calls for policies supporting quality primary care and comprehensively addressing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Republic of Korea.
| | - B Jeon
- Department of Health and Medical Information, Myongji College, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Park M, Ahn E, Mao Q, Chen C, Ryu S, Jeon B. Stimulation of Surface Polysaccharide Production under Aerobic Conditions Confers Aerotolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0376122. [PMID: 36786626 PMCID: PMC10100837 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03761-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a foodborne pathogen to tolerate environmental stress critically affects food safety by increasing the risk of pathogen survival and transmission in the food supply chain. Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of foodborne illnesses, is an obligate microaerophile and is sensitive to atmospheric levels of oxygen. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of how C. jejuni withstands oxygen toxicity under aerobic conditions have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show that when exposed to aerobic conditions, C. jejuni develops a thick layer of bacterial capsules, which in turn protect C. jejuni under aerobic conditions. The presence of both capsular polysaccharides and lipooligosaccharides is required to protect C. jejuni from excess oxygen in oxygen-rich environments by alleviating oxidative stress. Under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni undergoes substantial transcriptomic changes, particularly in the genes of carbon metabolisms involved in amino acid uptake, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway despite the inability of C. jejuni to grow aerobically. Moreover, the stimulation of carbon metabolism by aerobiosis increases the level of glucose-6-phosphate, the EMP pathway intermediate required for the synthesis of surface polysaccharides. The disruption of the TCA cycle eliminates aerobiosis-mediated stimulation of surface polysaccharide production and markedly compromises aerotolerance in C. jejuni. These results in this study provide novel insights into how an oxygen-sensitive microaerophilic pathogen survives in oxygen-rich environments by adapting its metabolism and physiology. IMPORTANCE Oxygen-sensitive foodborne pathogens must withstand oxygen toxicity in aerobic environments during transmission to humans. C. jejuni is a major cause of gastroenteritis, accounting for 400 million to 500 million infection cases worldwide per year. As an obligate microaerophile, C. jejuni is sensitive to air-level oxygen. However, it has not been fully explained how this oxygen-sensitive zoonotic pathogen survives in aerobic environments and is transmitted to humans. Here, we show that under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni boosts its carbon metabolism to produce a thick layer of bacterial capsules, which in turn act as a protective barrier conferring aerotolerance. The new findings in this study improve our understanding of how oxygen-sensitive C. jejuni can survive in aerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eunbyeol Ahn
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingqing Mao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Hur JI, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B. Phylogenetic Association and Genetic Factors in Cold Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0268122. [PMID: 36314968 PMCID: PMC9769813 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02681-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen transmitted to humans primarily via contaminated poultry meat. Since poultry meat is generally processed, distributed, and stored in the cold chain, the survival of C. jejuni at refrigeration temperatures crucially affects human exposure to C. jejuni. Here, we investigated genetic factors associated with cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. Seventy-nine C. jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken exhibited different survival levels at 4°C for 21 days. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex 21 (CC-21) and CC-443 were dominant among cold stress-tolerant strains, whereas CC-45 was common among cold stress-sensitive strains. Genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis identified a phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance. Moreover, a pangenome analysis revealed 58 genes distinctively present in the cold stress-tolerant phylogenetic cluster. Among these 58 genes, cfrA, encoding the ferric enterobactin receptor involved in ion transport and metabolism, was selected for further analysis. Remarkably, the viability of a ΔcfrA mutant at 4°C was significantly decreased, while the levels of total reactive oxygen species and intracellular iron exceeded those of the wild type. Additionally, a knockout mutation of cfrA also significantly decreased the viability of three cold stress-tolerant isolates at 4°C, confirming the role of cfrA in cold stress tolerance. The results of this study demonstrate that unique phylogenetic clusters of C. jejuni associated with cold stress tolerance exist and that cfrA is a genetic factor contributing to cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. IMPORTANCE The tolerance of foodborne pathogens to environmental stresses significantly affects food safety. Several studies have demonstrated that C. jejuni survives extended exposures to low temperatures, but the mechanisms of cold stress tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that C. jejuni strains in certain phylogenetic groups exhibit increased tolerance to cold stress. Notably, cfrA is present in the phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance and plays a role in the survival of C. jejuni at low temperatures by alleviating oxidative stress. This is the first study to discover phylogenetic associations involving cold stress tolerance and to identify genetic elements conferring cold stress tolerance to C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Hur
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Park H, Kim J, Kim H, Cho E, Park H, Jeon B, Ryu S. Characterization of the lytic phage MSP1 for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Thompson and its biofilm. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 385:110010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park M, Kim J, Feinstein J, Lang KS, Ryu S, Jeon B. Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance through Antibiotic Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166722. [PMID: 36066254 PMCID: PMC9602944 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance not only enables bacteria to survive acute antibiotic exposures but also provides bacteria with a window of time in which to develop antibiotic resistance. The increasing prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni isolates resistant to clinically important antibiotics, particularly fluoroquinolones (FQs), is a global public health concern. Currently, little is known about antibiotic tolerance and its effects on resistance development in C. jejuni. Here, we show that exposure to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline at concentrations 10 and 100 times higher than the MIC induces antibiotic tolerance in C. jejuni, whereas gentamicin or erythromycin treatment causes cell death. Interestingly, FQ resistance rapidly develops in C. jejuni after tolerance induction by ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Furthermore, after tolerance is induced, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) plays a critical role in reducing FQ resistance development by alleviating oxidative stress. Together, these results demonstrate that exposure of C. jejuni to antibiotics can induce antibiotic tolerance and that FQ-resistant (FQR) C. jejuni clones rapidly emerge after tolerance induction. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of FQR C. jejuni and provides insights into the effects of antibiotic tolerance on resistance development. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic tolerance compromises the efficacy of antibiotic treatment by extending bacterial survival and facilitating the development of mutations associated with antibiotic resistance. Despite growing public health concerns about antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni, antibiotic tolerance has not yet been investigated in this important zoonotic pathogen. Here, our results show that exposure of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline leads to antibiotic tolerance development, which subsequently facilitates the emergence of FQR C. jejuni. Importantly, these antibiotics are commonly used in animal agriculture. Moreover, our study suggests that the use of non-FQ drugs in animal agriculture promotes FQ resistance development, which is crucial because antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni is primarily transmitted from animals to humans. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development through the induction of antibiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jill Feinstein
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin S. Lang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Park M, Horn L, Lappi V, Boxrud D, Hedberg C, Jeon B. Antimicrobial Synergy between Aminoglycosides and Licorice Extract in Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040440. [PMID: 35456115 PMCID: PMC9031314 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can develop serious invasive infections. Among foodborne pathogens, L. monocytogenes exhibits the highest case fatality despite antibiotic treatment, suggesting the current therapy should be improved. Although ampicillin and gentamicin are used as a combination therapy to treat listeriosis, our results showed there is no synergy between the two antibiotics. We discovered that aqueous extract of licorice generated significant antimicrobial synergy when combined with aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, in L. monocytogenes. In the presence of 1 mg/mL licorice extract, for instance, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin was reduced by 32-fold. Moreover, antimicrobial synergy with licorice extract made gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes susceptible to gentamicin. Given the common use of licorice as a food sweetener in Western countries and a herb in Oriental medicine, our findings suggest that licorice extract can be potentially used as an antibiotic adjuvant to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Liz Horn
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Victoria Lappi
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Dave Boxrud
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Craig Hedberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Jeon B, Luangtongkum T, Shen Z, Logue CM, Lin J. Editorial: Resistance and Tolerance in Food-Borne Pathogens: Mechanisms, Public Health Impact, and Control Measures. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:769931. [PMID: 34721371 PMCID: PMC8551716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Taradon Luangtongkum
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Kim J, Park H, Ryu S, Jeon B. Inhibition of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Using a Broad Host Range Phage Cocktail Targeting Various Bacterial Phylogenetic Groups. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:699630. [PMID: 34512575 PMCID: PMC8425383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) commensal Escherichia coli is a major reservoir that disseminates antimicrobial resistance to humans through the consumption of contaminated foods, such as retail poultry products. This study aimed to control AMR E. coli on retail chicken using a broad host range phage cocktail. Five phages (JEP1, 4, 6, 7, and 8) were isolated and used to construct a phage cocktail after testing infectivity on 67 AMR E. coli strains isolated from retail chicken. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that the five phages belong to the Myoviridae family. The phage genomes had various sizes ranging from 39 to 170 kb and did not possess any genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Interestingly, each phage exhibited different levels of infection against AMR E. coli strains depending on the bacterial phylogenetic group. A phage cocktail consisting of the five phages was able to infect AMR E. coli in various phylogenetic groups and inhibited 91.0% (61/67) of AMR E. coli strains used in this study. Furthermore, the phage cocktail was effective in inhibiting E. coli on chicken at refrigeration temperatures. The treatment of artificially contaminated raw chicken skin with the phage cocktail rapidly reduced the viable counts of AMR E. coli by approximately 3 log units within 3 h, and the reduction was maintained throughout the experiment without developing resistance to phage infection. These results suggest that phages can be used as a biocontrol agent to inhibit AMR commensal E. coli on raw chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haejoon Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Divison of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Park M, Hwang S, Ryu S, Jeon B. CosR Regulation of perR Transcription for the Control of Oxidative Stress Defense in Campylobacter jejuni. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061281. [PMID: 34208393 PMCID: PMC8231278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resistance is an important mechanism to sustain the viability of oxygen-sensitive microaerophilic Campylobacter jejuni. In C. jejuni, gene expression associated with oxidative stress defense is modulated by PerR (peroxide response regulator) and CosR (Campylobacter oxidative stress regulator). Iron also plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress, as high iron concentrations reduce the transcription of perR. However, little is known about how iron affects the transcription of cosR. The level of cosR transcription was increased when the defined media MEMα (Minimum Essential Medium) was supplemented with ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) iron and the Mueller-Hinton (MH) media was treated with an iron chelator, indicating that iron upregulates cosR transcription. However, other divalent cationic ions, such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Mn2+, did not affect cosR transcription, suggesting that cosR transcription is regulated specifically by iron. Interestingly, the level of perR transcription was increased when CosR was overexpressed. The positive regulation of perR transcription by CosR was observed both in the presence or in the absence of iron. The results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that CosR directly binds to the perR promoter. DNase I footprinting assays revealed that the CosR binding site in the perR promoter overlaps with the PerR box. In the study, we demonstrated that cosR transcription is increased in iron-rich conditions, and CosR positively regulates the transcription of PerR, another important regulator of oxidative stress defense in C. jejuni. These results provide new insight into how C. jejuni regulates oxidative stress defense by coordinating the transcription of perR and cosR in response to iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (B.J.)
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (B.J.)
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13
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Jang M, Kim HJ, Kim A, Jeon B. Lower Urinary tract symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Jeon B, Luyster FS, Chasens ER. 0785 Associations Between Circadian Preference And Sleep-related Thoughts: Data From The 2015 Sleep In America Poll. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Evening types of sleep tend to have poorer sleep quality and sleep habits than morning types. Maladaptive beliefs or thoughts about sleep can affect one’s sleep and may differ between evening and morning types. We examined the association between the circadian preference and sleep-related thoughts in U.S adults.
Methods
A secondary analysis used survey data from the 2015 National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America Poll. Questions included normal bedtime and wake-up time for week/work days and weekend/non-work days. Circadian preference was determined by midpoint of sleep calculated as midpoint of sleep on weekends corrected for average nightly sleep duration. Participants were excluded if their sleep midpoint was from noon to midnight. Midpoint of sleep was divided into two groups using median split (“earlier” vs. “later”). Sleep-related thoughts were “worry about getting a good sleep”, “overwhelming thoughts about getting enough sleep”, “motivation to get sleep”, and “concern about serious physical consequences due to poor sleep”; responded often/always or extremely to somewhat for these items were coded as maladaptive. Logistic regression analysis controlling for socio-demographics, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance (PROMIS Scale; higher scores = greater sleep disturbance) was conducted to examine the relationships between midpoint of sleep and sleep-related thoughts.
Results
The sample (N = 1011) was primarily White (73.6%), male (50.9%), college educated (62.2%), married/partnered (67.6%) with a mean age of 51.65 ± 17.05 years. Mean midpoint of sleep in “earlier” type was 2:33AM and 5:29AM in “later” type. “Later” type had shorter sleep duration on weekdays and longer sleep duration on weekends than “earlier” type (p < .01), but average sleep duration was similar between two types. “Later” type had more “worry” and “overwhelming thoughts” (p < .05) about sleep. In logistic models, midpoint of sleep was significant only for “concern” (p = .02).
Conclusion
In this study, late chronotype was associated with increased sleep disturbances and greater variability in sleep duration. The relationship between the timing of sleep and thoughts about the impact of impaired sleep remains unclear and an area for further study with objective measures.
Support
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jeon
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - F S Luyster
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - E R Chasens
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittburgh, PA
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15
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Tran L, Jeon B, Chasens E. 0829 Sleep, Chronic Pain, and Global Health in Adults Ages 65 or Older. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding the association of sleep and pain in older adults can help improve their global health. The purpose of the study was to describe the associations between sleep, chronic pain, and global health in adults ages 65 or older.
Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of data from adults over 65 years in the 2015 Sleep in America Poll - Sleep and Pain by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). The survey included demographics (age, race, marital status, education), sleep (duration, quality, insomnia symptoms), and pain (type [none, chronic, fleeting], intensity, location). Global health derived from general health, physical health, mental health, and quality of life with a potential range of 4-20; higher score=better health. The survey also queried fatigue and stress.
Results
The sample (N=248) was 65-91 years (mean age=72.8±5.9), male (53.6%), White (82.7%), married (65.7%), and with post-highschool education (54.4%). Average sleep duration was 425±74 minutes. “No pain” was reported by 38.7% of the sample (n=96), “fleeting pain” by 32.7% (n= 81), and “chronic pain” by 28.6% (n=71). The most common locations for chronic pain were shoulder or neck (63.2%) and back (69.4%). Average global health score was 9.8±2.9. There was no significant difference in time in bed, sleep duration, bedtime, or wake-up time between groups. Persons with chronic pain had higher average pain intensity, worst pain intensity, and current pain; they reported significantly lower sleep quality with significantly more restlessness, trouble staying asleep, and worry about getting a good night sleep (all p-values<.02), there was no significant difference in difficulty falling asleep compared to persons with no pain. Persons with chronic pain had significantly worse general health, physical health, mental health, global health, fatigue, and stress (all p-values<.02); but no significant difference in quality of life compared to persons with no pain.
Conclusion
We conclude that chronic pain has a significant negative impact on sleep and global health in the sample of adults ages 65 or older from the 2015 Sleep in America Poll - Sleep and Pain by the NSF.
Support
Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tran
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - B Jeon
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - E Chasens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
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16
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Kim J, Park H, Kim J, Kim JH, Jung JI, Cho S, Ryu S, Jeon B. Comparative Analysis of Aerotolerance, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Prevalence in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Retail Raw Chicken and Duck Meat in South Korea. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100433. [PMID: 31658662 PMCID: PMC6843641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with Campylobacter are primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. In this study, we isolated Campylobacterjejuni from retail raw chicken and duck meat in Korea and compared their aerotolerance, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene prevalence. Whereas C. jejuni isolates from chicken dominantly belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex (CC)-21, CC-45 is the common MLST sequence type in duck meat isolates. C. jejuni strains from both chicken and duck meat were highly tolerant to aerobic stress. The prevalence of virulence genes was higher in C. jejuni strains from chicken than those from duck meat. However, antibiotic resistance was higher in duck meat isolates than chicken isolates. Based on the prevalence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance, fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni strains harboring all tested virulence genes except virB11 were predominant on retail poultry. Fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni strains carrying most virulence genes were more frequently isolated in summer than in winter. The comparative profiling analysis in this study successfully demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic strains of C. jejuni are highly prevalent on retail poultry and that retail duck meat is an important vehicle potentially transmitting C. jejuni to humans in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyeeun Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Junhyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea.
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Kim J, Hwang BK, Choi H, Wang Y, Choi SH, Ryu S, Jeon B. Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Plasmids from Pan Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Retail Raw Chicken in South Korea. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090344. [PMID: 31547260 PMCID: PMC6780365 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies from different countries have characterized mcr-1-harboring plasmids isolated from food; however, nothing has been reported about it in South Korea. In this study, we report the characterization of mcr-1 plasmids from pan drug-resistant (PDR) Escherichia coli strains isolated from retail food in the country. Colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from retail raw chicken, and PCR was carried out to detect the mcr-1 gene. Whole genome sequencing of the mcr-1-positive strains was performed for further characterization. The results of whole genome sequencing revealed that all mcr-1 plasmids belonged to the IncI2 type. In addition to the mcr-1 plasmids, all of the isolates also carried additional plasmids possessing multiple antibiotic resistance genes, and the PDR was mediated by resistant plasmids except for fluoroquinolone resistance resulting from mutations in gyrA and parC. Interestingly, the mcr-1 plasmids were transferred by conjugation to other pathogenic strains including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Salmonella, and Klebsiella at the frequencies of 10−3−10−6, 10−2−10−5, 10−4−10−5, 10−4−10−6, and 10−5−10−6, respectively. The results showed that mcr-1 plasmids can be easily transmitted to pathogenic bacteria by conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Bo Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - HyeLim Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Oh E, Andrews KJ, McMullen LM, Jeon B. Tolerance to stress conditions associated with food safety in Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11915. [PMID: 31417115 PMCID: PMC6695378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic foodborne pathogen that is sensitive to stress conditions. However, it is not yet understood how this stress-sensitive pathogen may cause a significant number of cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, we examined stress tolerance in 70 C. jejuni strains isolated from retail chicken under several stress conditions related to food safety. Compared to oxygen-sensitive (OS) strains of C. jejuni, C. jejuni strains with increased aerotolerance, such as hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) and aerotolerant (AT) strains, were more tolerant to peracetic acid, refrigeration and freeze-thaw stresses. However, the levels of thermotolerance and hyper-osmotolerance were not associated with the aerotolerance level of C. jejuni. The HAT and AT strains of C. jejuni exhibited significantly increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to the OS strains. Consistently, the HAT and AT strains were highly tolerant to oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and menadione, compared to the OS strains. The AT and HAT strains that were tolerant to stresses, particularly peracetic acid and refrigeration, predominantly belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex (CC)-21. This study shows that oxidative stress resistance plays a role in determining the differential level of aerotolerance in C. jejuni and that AT and HAT strains of C. jejuni are more tolerant to oxidants and low temperatures than OS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Andrews
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lynn M McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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19
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Shin C, Lee J, Kim YK, Nam H, Yoon EJ, Shin SA, Kim H, Jeon B. Cognitive decline in association with hyposmia in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a prospective 2‐year follow‐up study. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1417-1420. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Shin
- Department of Neurology Kyung Hee University Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - J.‐Y. Lee
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Boramae Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - Y. K. Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - H. Nam
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Boramae Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - E. J. Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - S. A. Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Hospital SeoulKorea
| | - H.‐J. Kim
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - B. Jeon
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
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20
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Kiatsomphob S, Taniguchi T, Tarigan E, Latt KM, Jeon B, Misawa N. Aerotolerance and multilocus sequence typing among Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans, broiler chickens, and cattle in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1144-1151. [PMID: 31270309 PMCID: PMC6715926 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis in Japan. As chickens and cattle are common reservoirs for C. jejuni, this microaerophilic, stress-sensitive bacterium can overcome and survive various stress conditions during zoonotic transmission, particularly foodborne, to humans. How C. jejuni overcomes stress conditions is, however, unclear. In the present study, 70 C. jejuni strains isolated from various sources (26 human, 20 broilers, and 24 cattle isolates) in Miyazaki, Japan, from 2010 to 2012, were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and aerotolerance testing (aerobic shaking at 200 rpm). The results demonstrated that C. jejuni strains from Miyazaki belonged to 12 clonal complexes (CCs) and 43 sequence types (STs). CC-21 and CC-460 were mainly detected in human clinical strains. Most tested strains were aerotolerant, and only one (1.4%) was deemed sensitive to aerobic stress. Approximately 40% strains survived the 24-hr vigorous aerobic shaking at 200 rpm, and these hyper-aerotolerant strains were more prevalent in broiler and cattle isolates than in human isolates. Phylogenetic analysis divided the strains into five clusters, each showing a different pattern of host association. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that C. jejuni strains with increased tolerance to aerobic stress are highly prevalent in broilers and cattle in Miyazaki, Japan, and that certain clonal populations are frequently implicated in human infection in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savek Kiatsomphob
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara-kiyotakecho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Elpita Tarigan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Khin Maung Latt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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21
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Kim J, Shin H, Park H, Jung H, Kim J, Cho S, Ryu S, Jeon B. Microbiota Analysis for the Optimization of Campylobacter Isolation From Chicken Carcasses Using Selective Media. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1381. [PMID: 31293537 PMCID: PMC6598470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since contaminated poultry meat is the major source of transmitting Campylobacter jejuni to humans, the isolation of Campylobacter from poultry carcasses is frequently performed in many countries as a baseline survey to ensure food safety. However, existing isolation methods have technical limitations in isolating this fastidious bacterium, such as a growth competition with indigenous bacteria in food samples. In this study, we compared the differences in microbiota compositions between Bolton and Preston selective media, two most common selective media to isolate Campylobacter, and investigated how different microbiota compositions resulting from different enrichment methods may affect isolation frequencies. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 16S rRNA demonstrated that Bolton and Preston-selective enrichments generated different microbiota structures that shared only 31.57% of Operating Taxonomic Unit (OTU) types. Particularly, Escherichia was highly prevalent in Bolton selective media, and the enrichment cultures that increase Escherichia negatively affected the efficacy of Campylobacter isolation. Furthermore, the combination of the selective media made a significant difference in the isolation frequency. The Bolton broth and Preston agar combination exhibited the highest (60.0%) frequencies of Campylobacter isolation, whereas the Bolton broth and Bolton agar combination showed the lowest (2.5%). These results show that each selective medium generates a unique microbiota structure and that the sequence of combining the selective media also critically affects the isolation frequency by altering microbiota compositions. In this study, we demonstrated how a microbiota analysis using NGS can be utilized to optimize a protocol for bacterial isolation from food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeeun Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayan Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Kim J, Guk JH, Mun SH, An JU, Song H, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B, Cho S. Correction to: Metagenomic analysis of isolation methods of a targeted microbe, Campylobacter jejuni, from chicken feces with high microbial contamination. Microbiome 2019; 7:81. [PMID: 31153386 PMCID: PMC6545208 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig. 2. The correct figure is shown below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Chaplot S, Yadav B, Jeon B, Roopesh MS. Atmospheric Cold Plasma and Peracetic Acid-Based Hurdle Intervention To Reduce Salmonella on Raw Poultry Meat. J Food Prot 2019; 82:878-888. [PMID: 31017813 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Atmospheric cold plasma and peracetic acid-based hurdle approach for safety of poultry products was evaluated. Study demonstrates a significant synergetic approach to reducing Salmonella on raw poultry. Hurdle approach shows promising bacterial reduction but requires further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyak Chaplot
- 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; and
| | - Barun Yadav
- 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; and
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- 2 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - M S Roopesh
- 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; and
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Kim J, Guk JH, Mun SH, An JU, Song H, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B, Cho S. Metagenomic analysis of isolation methods of a targeted microbe, Campylobacter jejuni, from chicken feces with high microbial contamination. Microbiome 2019; 7:67. [PMID: 31027515 PMCID: PMC6485176 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originating from poultry, particularly chickens, Campylobacter jejuni is the leading foodborne pathogen worldwide and a major cause of campylobacteriosis. Isolating C. jejuni is difficult due to its specific growth requirements, the presence of viable but non-culturable bacteria, and because it is often masked by competing flora. Currently, there is no optimized method for isolating C. jejuni from chicken feces. Here, we evaluated the method for isolating C. jejuni from chicken feces using culture-independent sequence-based metagenomics and culture-dependent tools. Further, we assessed changes in microbial communities during microbe isolation to determine how the process can be improved. RESULTS Fourteen different variations of C. jejuni isolation procedures were applied to all 35 chicken fecal samples. These variations included using different enrichment broths (without enrichment or enrichment in Bolton or Preston broth), different ratios of sample-to-enrichment broth (1:101, 1:102, and 1:103), and different selective agars (modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) or Preston agar). Enrichment during isolation of C. jejuni was evaluated on the basis of microbial diversity and taxonomic composition using metagenomics tools. The effect of selective media was evaluated using a combination of metagenomics and culture-dependent tools. Microbial diversity significantly decreased during the enrichment process, regardless of the type of enrichment broth, with the most significant decrease observed at a feces-to-broth ratio of 1:103. Particularly, in 103-Preston broth, the relative abundance of Campylobacter increased, while extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, which interfere with Campylobacter isolation, decreased. Metagenomics results were validated by quantitative PCR and culture-dependent analysis. Additionally, selective media affected the isolation results, although microbes with high relative abundance during enrichment were also frequently isolated using culture-dependent methods. Significantly more C. jejuni was isolated from mCCDA than from Preston agar enriched in 103 Preston broth. CONCLUSIONS Enrichment in Preston broth at a ratio of 1:103 followed by spreading onto mCCDA was the most effective method for isolating C. jejuni. This is the first study to apply metagenomics to evaluate a method for isolating a targeted microbe, C. jejuni, from chicken feces, a source with high microbial contamination. Thus, metagenomics can be applied to improve methods for isolating bacteria that are difficult to separate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh E, Chui L, Bae J, Li V, Ma A, Mutschall SK, Taboada EN, McMullen LM, Jeon B. Frequent Implication of Multistress-Tolerant Campylobacter jejuni in Human Infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1037-1044. [PMID: 29774830 PMCID: PMC6004869 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.171587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of bacterial foodborne illnesses, is considered highly susceptible to environmental stresses. In this study, we extensively investigated the stress tolerance of 121 clinical strains of C. jejuni against 5 stress conditions (aerobic stress, disinfectant exposure, freeze-thaw, heat treatment, and osmotic stress) that this pathogenic bacterium might encounter during foodborne transmission to humans. In contrast to our current perception about high stress sensitivity of C. jejuni, a number of clinical strains of C. jejuni were highly tolerant to multiple stresses. We performed population genetics analysis by using comparative genomic fingerprinting and showed that multistress-tolerant strains of C. jejuni constituted distinct clades. The comparative genomic fingerprinting subtypes belonging to multistress-tolerant clades were more frequently implicated in human infections than those in stress-sensitive clades. We identified unique stress-tolerant C. jejuni clones and showed the role of stress tolerance in human campylobacteriosis.
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Bai J, Jeon B, Ryu S. Effective inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh produce by a phage cocktail targeting multiple host receptors. Food Microbiol 2019; 77:52-60. [PMID: 30297056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella contamination of fresh produce is the primary bacterial cause of a significant number of foodborne outbreaks and infections. Bacteriophages can be used as natural antibacterial agents to control foodborne pathogens. However, the rapid development of bacterial resistance to phage infection is a significant barrier to practical phage application. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel phage cocktail consisting of the three phages (BSPM4, BSP101 and BSP22A) that target different host receptors, including flagella, O-antigen and BtuB, respectively. Whole genome sequence analysis of the phages revealed that three phages do not harbor genes involved in lysogen formation or toxin production, suggesting they are safe for use as biocontrol agents in foods. In vitro treatment of the phage cocktail resulted in a significant reduction in the development of bacterial resistance. Phage cocktail treatments achieved 4.7-5.5 log CFU/cm2 reduction of viable cell number in iceberg lettuce and 4.8-5.8 log CFU/cm2 reduction in cucumber after 12 h at room temperature (25 °C). The phage cocktail exhibited good antimicrobial efficiency, suggesting that it could reduce S. Typhimurium contamination of fresh produce. The strategy of developing cocktails of phages that target multiple host receptors can be used to develop novel biocontrol agents of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Park H, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B. Predominance of bla CTX-M-65 and bla CTX-M-55 in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from raw retail chicken in South Korea. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:216-220. [PMID: 30658198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) are a serious public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterise ESBL-EC isolated from raw retail chicken in South Korea. METHODS The antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic group and virulence gene prevalence of 67 ESBL-EC isolated from retail chicken in South Korea were investigated. RESULTS All of the isolates possessed blaCTX-M genes, predominantly blaCTX-M-65 (52.2%) and blaCTX-M-55 (25.4%), and three isolates harboured both blaCTX-M-65 and blaCTX-M-55. More than one-half of the ESBL-EC strains also carried blaTEM. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 98.5% of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Phylogenetic analysis showed that group A was predominant (56.7%), followed by B1 (19.4%), E (8.9%), B2 (6.0%) and D (6.0%). Virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were frequently detected in isolates of phylogenetic groups B1, B2, D and E. CONCLUSION The results in this study demonstrate that retail chicken in South Korea is highly contaminated with MDR ESBL-EC and may serve as a reservoir for transmitting ExPEC to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeeun Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Chandrashekhar K, Srivastava V, Hwang S, Jeon B, Ryu S, Rajashekara G. Transducer-Like Protein in Campylobacter jejuni With a Role in Mediating Chemotaxis to Iron and Phosphate. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2674. [PMID: 30505293 PMCID: PMC6250842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis-mediated motility enables Campylobacter jejuni to navigate through complex environmental gradients and colonize diverse niches. C. jejuni is known to possess several methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), also called transducer-like proteins (Tlps). While the role of some of the Tlps in chemotaxis has been identified, their regulation and role in virulence is still not very clear. Here, we investigated the contribution of Tlp2 to C. jejuni chemotaxis, stress survival and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. The Δtlp2 deletion mutant showed decreased chemotaxis toward aspartate, pyruvate, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and iron (FeSO4). Transcriptional analysis of tlp2 with a promoter fusion reporter assay revealed that the tlp2 promoter (P tlp2 ) was induced by Pi and iron, both in the ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric form (Fe3+). RT-PCR analysis using overlapping primers indicated that the phoX gene, located immediately downstream of tlp2, is co-transcribed with tlp2. A transcription start site was identified at 53 bp upstream of the tlp2 start codon. The Δtlp2 mutant showed decreased colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, our findings revealed that the tlp2 plays a role in C. jejuni pathogenesis and colonization in the chicken host and its expression is regulated by iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshipra Chandrashekhar
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology – Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology – Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Oh E, Andrews KJ, Jeon B. Enhanced Biofilm Formation by Ferrous and Ferric Iron Through Oxidative Stress in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1204. [PMID: 29928267 PMCID: PMC5998592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide. Biofilm formation is an important survival mechanism that sustains the viability of Campylobacter under harsh stress conditions. Iron affects biofilm formation in some other bacteria; however, the effect of iron on biofilm formation has not been investigated in Campylobacter. In this study, we discovered that ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) iron stimulated biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni. The sequestration of iron with an iron chelator prevented the iron-mediated biofilm stimulation. The level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biofilms was increased by iron. However, the supplementation with an antioxidant prevented the total ROS level from being increased in biofilms by iron and also inhibited iron-mediated biofilm stimulation in C. jejuni. This suggests that iron promotes biofilm formation through oxidative stress. Based on the results of fluorescence microscopic analysis, Fe2+ and Fe3+ enhanced both microcolony formation and biofilm maturation. The levels of extracellular DNA and polysaccharides in biofilms were increased by iron supplementation. The effect of iron on biofilm formation was also investigated with 70 C. jejuni isolates from raw chicken. Regardless of the inherent levels of biofilm formation, iron stimulated biofilm formation in all tested strains; however, there were strain variations in iron concentrations affecting biofilm formation. The biofilm formation of 92.9% (65 of 70) strains was enhanced by either 40 μM Fe2+ or 20 μM Fe3+ or both (the iron concentrations that enhanced biofilm formation in C. jejuni NCTC 11168), whereas different iron concentrations were required to promote biofilms in the rest of the strains. The findings in this study showed that Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributed to the stimulation of biofilm formation in C. jejuni through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Andrews
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Oh E, Bae J, Kumar A, Choi HJ, Jeon B. Antioxidant-based synergistic eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms with bacitracin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:96-99. [PMID: 29567095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have serious clinical implications. However, it is difficult to eradicate MRSA biofilms due to the increased tolerance to antimicrobials of biofilms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic anti-biofilm effect of the combination of octyl gallate (OG), an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive, and bacitracin, an antimicrobial peptide commonly used in topical antimicrobial ointments. The results of biofilm assays showed that OG enabled bacitracin at concentrations as low as 10-3 U/ml to inhibit biofilm formation in MRSA. A confocal microscopic analysis exhibited that the combination of bacitracin and OG suppressed biofilm formation in MRSA highly effectively compared to the single treatment of either bacitracin or OG. The synergistic anti-biofilm activity of bacitracin and OG was also confirmed in MRSA strains from humans, including USA300, which is the predominant clone of community-associated MRSA in the US. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the synergistic anti-biofilm activity of an antimicrobial peptide and an antioxidant against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Junghee Bae
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Ingenuity Lab, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Ingenuity Lab, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an oligonucleotide mimic that recognizes and binds to nucleic acids. The strong binding affinity of PNA to mRNA coupled with its high sequence specificity enable antisense PNA to selectively inhibit (i.e., knockdown) the protein synthesis of a target gene. This novel technology provides a powerful tool for Campylobacter studies because molecular techniques have been relatively less well-developed for this bacterium as compared to other pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. This chapter describes a protocol for PNA-mediated antisense inhibition of gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 116th Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2 R3
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 116th Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2 R3.
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Yun J, Jeon B. Betaband event-related desynchronization prior to simple lower limb movement and simulated gait initiation in Parkinson’s disease patient: Magnetoencephalography study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Choi-Kwon S, Jeon B. Are there any differences in subjective and objective sleep measurement? Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Murata M, Mihara M, Hasegawa K, Jeon B, Tsai C, Nishikawa N, Oeda T, Yokoyama M, Robieson W, Facheris M, Benesh J. 24-month safety and efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Kim R, Jeon B, Kim H. Video-based analysis of the long-term effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on freezing of gait in Parkinson disease: A retrospective study. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Lee E, Shin T, Park J, Kwon H, Jeon B, Kim D, Yoon T, Lee J. Nanoscale electrical stimulation of the enzymatic biofuel cell promote motility of the human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jin X, Tamiya N, Jeon B, Kawamura A, Takahashi H, Sandoval Garrido F, Noguchi H. RESIDENT AND FACILITY FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARE LEVEL DETERIORATION IN NURSING HOMES IN JAPAN. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X. Jin
- Health service research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
| | - N. Tamiya
- Health service research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
| | - B. Jeon
- Health service research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
| | - A. Kawamura
- Health service research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
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Oh E, McMullen LM, Chui L, Jeon B. Differential Survival of Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter jejuni under Different Gas Conditions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:954. [PMID: 28611753 PMCID: PMC5447730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni accounts for a significant number of foodborne illnesses around the world. C. jejuni is microaerophilic and typically does not survive efficiently in oxygen-rich conditions. We recently reported that hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) C. jejuni are highly prevalent in retail poultry meat. To assess the capabilities of HAT C. jejuni in foodborne transmission and infection, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of virulence genes in HAT C. jejuni and the survival in poultry meat in atmosphere at a refrigeration temperature. When we examined the prevalence of eight virulence genes in 70 C. jejuni strains from raw poultry meat, interestingly, the frequencies of detecting virulence genes were significantly higher in HAT C. jejuni strains than aerosenstive C. jejuni strains. This suggests that HAT C. jejuni would potentially be more pathogenic than aerosensitive C. jejuni. Under aerobic conditions, aerosensitive C. jejuni survived at 4°C in raw poultry meat for 3 days, whereas HAT C. jejuni survived in poultry meat for a substantially extended time; there was a five-log CFU reduction over 2 weeks. In addition, we measured the effect of other gas conditions, including N2 and CO2, on the viability of HAT C. jejuni in comparison with aerosensitive and aerotolerant strains. N2 marginally affected the viability of C. jejuni. However, CO2 significantly reduced the viability of C. jejuni both in culture media and poultry meat. Based on the results, modified atmosphere packaging using CO2 may help us to control poultry contamination with HAT C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
| | - Lynn M McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada.,Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, EdmontonAB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
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Lee JM, Yang HJ, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Kim SY, Lee EM, Park JY, Weon YC, Park SH, Gwon BJ, Ryu JC, Lee ST, Kim HJ, Jeon B. Two Korean siblings with recently described ovarioleukodystrophy related to AARS2 mutations. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:e21-e22. [PMID: 28322004 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - H-J Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J-H Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - W-J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - S-Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - E-M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J-Y Park
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Y C Weon
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - B-J Gwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J-C Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - S-T Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
These growth promoters facilitate transfer of Shiga toxin–encoding phages in E. coli. Antibiotics are routinely used in food-producing animals to promote growth and prevent infectious diseases. We investigated the effects of bovine antibiotic growth promoters (bAGPs) on the propagation and spread of Shiga toxin (Stx)–encoding phages in Escherichia coli. Co-culture of E. coli O157:H7 and other E. coli isolated from cattle in the presence of sublethal concentrations of bAGPs significantly increased the emergence of non-O157, Stx-producing E. coli by triggering the SOS response system in E. coli O157:H7. The most substantial mediation of Stx phage transmission was induced by oxytetracyline and chlortetracycline, which are commonly used in agriculture. bAGPs may therefore contribute to the expansion of pathogenic Stx-producing E. coli.
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Kim J, Oh E, Banting GS, Braithwaite S, Chui L, Ashbolt NJ, Neumann NF, Jeon B. An Improved Culture Method for Selective Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from Wastewater. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1345. [PMID: 27617011 PMCID: PMC4999441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading foodborne pathogens worldwide. C. jejuni is isolated from a wide range of foods, domestic animals, wildlife, and environmental sources. The currently available culture-based isolation methods are not highly effective for wastewater samples due to the low number of C. jejuni in the midst of competing bacteria. To detect and isolate C. jejuni from wastewater samples, in this study, we evaluated a few different enrichment conditions using five different antibiotics (i.e., cefoperazone, vancomycin, trimethoprim, polymyxin B, and rifampicin), to which C. jejuni is intrinsically resistant. The selectivity of each enrichment condition was measured with Ct value using quantitative real-time PCR, and multiplex PCR to determine Campylobacter species. In addition, the efficacy of Campylobacter isolation on different culture media after selective enrichment was examined by growing on Bolton and Preston agar plates. The addition of polymyxin B, rifampicin, or both to the Bolton selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of C. jejuni. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing also revealed that Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major competing bacteria in the enrichment conditions. Although it is known to be difficult to isolate Campylobacter from samples with heavy contamination, this study well exhibited that the manipulation of antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of fastidious Campylobacter from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Kim
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Graham S Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Shannon Braithwaite
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Linda Chui
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Kim J, Han X, Bae J, Chui L, Louie M, Finley R, Mulvey MR, Ferrato CJ, Jeon B. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains with resistance and reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones from human clinical cases in Alberta, Canada, 2009-13. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2988-90. [PMID: 27342547 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Kim
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xin Han
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junghee Bae
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton and Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie Louie
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton and Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rita Finley
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christina J Ferrato
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - Jong-Chul Kim
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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Kim JC, Jeon B. Novel adjuvant strategy to potentiate bacitracin against MDR MRSA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1260-3. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Oh E, McMullen L, Jeon B. High Prevalence of Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Poultry with Potential Implication in Human Infection. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1263. [PMID: 26617597 PMCID: PMC4641907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses around the world. Since C. jejuni is microaerophilic and sensitive to oxygen, aerotolerance is important in the transmission of C. jejuni to humans via foods under aerobic conditions. In this study, 70 C. jejuni strains were isolated from retail raw chicken meats and were subject to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. In the aerotolerance testing by aerobic shaking at 200 rpm, 50 (71.4%) isolates survived after 12 h (i.e., aerotolerant), whereas 20 (28.6%) isolates did not (i.e., aerosensitive). Interestingly, further aerobic cultivation showed that 25 (35.7%) isolates still survived even after 24 h of vigorous aerobic shaking (i.e., hyper-aerotolerant). Compared to aerosensitive strains, the hyper-aerotolerant strains exhibited increased resistance to oxidative stress, both peroxide and superoxide. A mutation of ahpC in hyper-aerotolerant strains significantly impaired aerotolerance, indicating oxidative stress defense plays an important role in hyper-aerotolerance. The aerotolerant and hyper-aerotolerant strains were primarily classified into MLST clonal complexes (CCs)-21 and -45, which are known to be the major CCs implicated in human gastroenteritis. Compared to the aerosensitive strains, CC-21 was more dominant than CC-45 in aerotolerant and hyper-aerotolerant strains. The findings in this study revealed that hyper-aerotolerant C. jejuni is highly prevalent in raw chicken meats. The enhanced aerotolerance in C. jejuni would impact human infection by increasing possibilities of the foodborne transmission of C. jejuni under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lynn McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Oh E, Jeon B. Synergistic anti-Campylobacter jejuni activity of fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics with phenolic compounds. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1129. [PMID: 26528273 PMCID: PMC4602130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of Campylobacter to clinically important antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and macrolides, is a serious public health problem. The objective of this study is to investigate synergistic anti-Campylobacter jejuni activity of fluoroquinolones and macrolides in combination with phenolic compounds. Synergistic antimicrobial activity was measured by performing a checkerboard assay with ciprofloxacin and erythromycin in the presence of 21 phenolic compounds. Membrane permeability changes in C. jejuni by phenolic compounds were determined by measuring the level of intracellular uptake of 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). Antibiotic accumulation assays were performed to evaluate the level of ciprofloxacin accumulation in C. jejuni. Six phenolic compounds, including p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, and taxifolin, significantly increased the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin in several human and poultry isolates. The synergistic antimicrobial effect was also observed in ciprofloxacin- and erythromycin-resistant C. jejuni strains. The phenolic compounds also substantially increased membrane permeability and antibiotic accumulation in C. jejuni. Interestingly, some phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid and taxifolin, significantly reduced the expression of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump. Phenolic compounds increased the NPN accumulation in the cmeB mutant, indicating phenolic compounds may affect the membrane permeability. In this study, we successfully demonstrated that combinational treatment of C. jejuni with antibiotics and phenolic compounds synergistically inhibits C. jejuni by impacting both antimicrobial influx and efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
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Shin C, Hahn S, Park B, Kim J, Park E, Jeon B. Predictors of the placebo effect in clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim JC, Oh E, Kim J, Jeon B. Regulation of oxidative stress resistance in Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic foodborne pathogen. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:751. [PMID: 26284041 PMCID: PMC4518328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis. Due to the increasing rates of human campylobacteriosis, C. jejuni is considered as a serious public health concern worldwide. C. jejuni is a microaerophilic, fastidious bacterium. C. jejuni must overcome a wide range of stress conditions during foodborne transmission to humans, such as food preservation and processing conditions, and even in infection of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Particularly, this microaerophilic foodborne pathogen must survive in the atmospheric conditions prior to the initiation of infection. C. jejuni possesses unique regulatory mechanisms for oxidative stress resistance. Lacking OxyR and SoxRS that are highly conserved in other Gram-negative foodborne pathogens, C. jejuni modulates the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress resistance mainly via the peroxide resistance regulator and Campylobacter oxidative stress regulator. Based on recent findings of ours and others, in this review, we described how C. jejuni regulates the expression of oxidative stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
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Oh E, McMullen L, Jeon B. Impact of oxidative stress defense on bacterial survival and morphological change in Campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:295. [PMID: 25914692 PMCID: PMC4392298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic foodborne pathogen, inescapably faces high oxygen tension during its transmission to humans. Thus, the ability of C. jejuni to survive under oxygen-rich conditions may significantly impact C. jejuni viability in food and food safety as well. In this study, we investigated the impact of oxidative stress resistance on the survival of C. jejuni under aerobic conditions by examining three mutants defective in key antioxidant genes, including ahpC, katA, and sodB. All the three mutants exhibited growth reduction under aerobic conditions compared to the wild-type (WT), and the ahpC mutant showed the most significant growth defect. The CFU reduction in the mutants was recovered to the WT level by complementation. Higher levels of reactive oxygen species were accumulated in C. jejuni under aerobic conditions than microaerobic conditions, and supplementation of culture media with an antioxidant recovered the growth of C. jejuni. The levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were significantly increased in the mutants compared to WT. Additionally, the mutants exhibited different morphological changes under aerobic conditions. The ahpC and katA mutants developed coccoid morphology by aeration, whereas the sodB mutant established elongated cellular morphology. Compared to microaerobic conditions, interestingly, aerobic culture conditions substantially induced the formation of coccoidal cells, and antioxidant treatment reduced the emergence of coccoid forms under aerobic conditions. The ATP concentrations and PMA–qPCR analysis supported that oxidative stress is a factor that induces the development of a viable-but-non-culturable state in C. jejuni. The findings in this study clearly demonstrated that oxidative stress resistance plays an important role in the survival and morphological changes of C. jejuni under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Lynn McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Kim JC, Oh E, Hwang S, Ryu S, Jeon B. Non-selective regulation of peroxide and superoxide resistance genes by PerR in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:126. [PMID: 25741333 PMCID: PMC4330884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen. The molecular mechanisms for the regulation of oxidative stress resistance have not yet been understood fully in this bacterium. In this study, we investigated how PerR (peroxide stress regulator) modulates the transcriptional regulation of both peroxide and superoxide resistance genes in C. jejuni, particularly under oxidative stress conditions. The transcriptional levels of ahpC, katA, and sodB were substantially increased by aeration and oxidant exposure. Interestingly, a perR mutation completely abrogated the transcriptional response of ahpC, katA and sodB to oxidants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that perR transcription was reduced by aeration and oxidant exposure. In contrast to the unique role of PerR homologs in peroxide stress regulation in other bacteria, C. jejuni PerR directly regulates the transcription of sodB, the most important gene in superoxide defense, as evidenced by the alteration of sodB transcription by the perR mutation and direct binding of rPerR to the sodB promoter. In addition, we also observed notable morphological changes in C. jejuni from spiral rods to cocoid morphology under aerobic conditions. Based on the intracellular ATP levels, C. jejuni entered a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state under aerobic conditions. These findings clearly demonstrate that C. jejuni possesses a unique regulatory mechanism of oxidative stress defense that does not specifically distinguish between peroxide and superoxide defense, and PerR plays a pivotal role in this non-selective regulation of oxidative stress resistance in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chul Kim
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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