1
|
Gao X, Han J, Zhu L, Nychas GJE, Mao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Dong P. The Effect of the PhoP/PhoQ System on the Regulation of Multi-Stress Adaptation Induced by Acid Stress in Salmonella Typhimurium. Foods 2024; 13:1533. [PMID: 38790833 PMCID: PMC11121531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidic stress in beef cattle slaughtering abattoirs can induce the acid adaptation response of in-plant contaminated Salmonella. This may further lead to multiple resistance responses threatening public health. Therefore, the acid, heat, osmotic and antibiotic resistances of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028) were evaluated after a 90 min adaption in a pH = 5.4 "mild acid" Luria-Bertani medium. Differences in such resistances were also determined between the ∆phoP mutant and wild-type Salmonella strains to confirm the contribution of the PhoP/PhoQ system. The transcriptomic differences between the acid-adapted and ∆phoP strain were compared to explore the role of the PhoP/Q two-component system in regulating multi-stress resistance. Acid adaptation was found to increase the viability of Salmonella to lethal acid, heat and hyperosmotic treatments. In particular, acid adaptation significantly increased the resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to Polymyxin B, and such resistance can last for 21 days when the adapted strain was stored in meat extract medium at 4 °C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 178 up-regulated and 274 down-regulated genes in the ∆phoP strain. The Salmonella infection, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, quorum sensing and two-component system pathways were down-regulated, while the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways were up-regulated. Transcriptomics and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the deletion of the phoP gene resulted in the down-regulation of the expression of genes related to lipid A modification and efflux pumps. These changes in the gene expression result in the change in net negative charge and the mobility of the cell membrane, resulting in enhanced CAMP resistance. The confirmation of multiple stress resistance under acid adaptation and the transcriptomic study in the current study may provide valuable information for the control of multiple stress resistance and meat safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jina Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China;
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - George-John E. Nychas
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xueqing Jiang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Tang S, Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang X, Bilal M, Liu S, Luo H, Zhao Y, Duan X. Transcriptomic analysis approach towards an improved tolerance of Escherichia coli to gallic acid stress. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:372. [PMID: 37934297 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
As a natural green additive, gallic acid has been widely used in food production. However, it can inhibit the physiological metabolism of Escherichia coli, which severely limits the ability and efficiency of gallic acid production. To explore the adaptation mechanism of E. coli under gallic acid stress and further explore the target of genetic modification, the effects of gallic acid stress on the fermentation characteristics of E. coli W3110 ATCC (82057) were investigated by cell biomass and cell morphometry. Moreover, transcriptome analysis was used to analyze the gene transcription level of E. coli W3110 ATCC (82057) to explore effects of gallic acid stress on important essential physiological processes. The results showed that under high concentration of gallic acid, the biomass of E. coli W3110 ATCC (82057) decreased significantly and the cells showed irregular morphology. Transcriptome analysis showed that E. coli W3110 ATCC (82057) improved its adaptive capacity through three strategies. First, genes of bamD, ompC, and ompF encoding outer membrane protein BamD, OmpC, and OmpC were decreased 5-, 31.1- and 8.1-fold, respectively, under gallic acid stress compared to the control, leading to the reduction of gallic acid absorption. Moreover, genes (mdtA, mdtB, mdtC, mdtD, mdtE, and mdtF) related to MdtABC multidrug efflux system and multidrug efflux pump MdtEF were up-regulated by1.0-53.0 folds, respectively, and genes (aaeA, aaeB, and aaeX) related to AaeAB efflux system were up-regulated by 8.0-13.3 folds, respectively, which contributed to the excretion of gallic acid. In addition, genes of acid fitness island also were up-regulated by different degrees under the stress of an acidic environment to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment. In conclusion, E. coli W3110 ATCC (82057) would enhance its tolerance to gallic acid by reducing absorption, increasing excretion, and maintaining intracellular environment stability. This study provides research ideas for the construction of engineered strains with high gallic acid yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Shijie Tang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramos ETDA, Olivares FL, da Rocha LO, da Silva RF, do Carmo MGF, Lopes MTG, Meneses CHSG, Vidal MS, Baldani JI. The Effects of Gluconacin on Bacterial Tomato Pathogens and Protection against Xanthomonas perforans, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3208. [PMID: 37765372 PMCID: PMC10535834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
As agricultural practices become more sustainable, adopting more sustainable practices will become even more relevant. Searching for alternatives to chemical compounds has been the focus of numerous studies, and bacteriocins are tools with intrinsic biotechnological potential for controlling plant diseases. We continued to explore the biotechnological activity of the bacteriocin Gluconacin from Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, PAL5 strain, by investigating this protein's antagonism against important tomato phytopathogens and demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing bacterial spots caused by Xanthomonas perforans. In addition to this pathogen, the bacteriocin Gluconacin demonstrated bactericidal activity in vitro against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, agents that cause bacterial wilt and bacterial spots, respectively. Bacterial spot control tests showed that Gluconacin reduced disease severity by more than 66%, highlighting the biotechnological value of this peptide in ecologically correct formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teixeira de Almeida Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia (PPGF), Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 07, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (E.T.d.A.R.); (M.G.F.d.C.)
| | - Fábio Lopes Olivares
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para a Agricultura, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (F.L.O.); (L.O.d.R.)
| | - Letícia Oliveira da Rocha
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para a Agricultura, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (F.L.O.); (L.O.d.R.)
| | - Rogério Freire da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Universitário, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (R.F.d.S.); (C.H.S.G.M.)
| | - Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia (PPGF), Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 07, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (E.T.d.A.R.); (M.G.F.d.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio Ramos, 3.000, Bairro Coroado, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Universitário, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (R.F.d.S.); (C.H.S.G.M.)
| | - Marcia Soares Vidal
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 07, Seropédica 23891-000, RJ, Brazil;
| | - José Ivo Baldani
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 07, Seropédica 23891-000, RJ, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vargová M, Zigo F, Výrostková J, Farkašová Z, Rehan IF. Biofilm-Producing Ability of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:386. [PMID: 37368772 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of mastitis in 153 dairy cows and to evaluate the kinetics of adhesion of isolates obtained from surfaces and milk in comparison with the reference strain (RS), CCM 4223. The surfaces of the floor, teat cup, and cow restraints were aseptically swabbed in three replicates (n = 27). Of the total number of infected cows (n = 43), 11 samples were found to be positive for Staphylococcus aureus, 12 samples tested positive for non-aureus staphylococci, 6 samples tested positive for Streptococcus spp., and 11 samples tested positive for other bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp.) or a mixed infection. The most represented pathogen in milk (11/43) and on surfaces (14/27) was S. aureus. The kinetics of adhesion of the reference strain and isolates of S. aureus on stainless steel surfaces were determined after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of incubation. All strains reached counts higher than 5 Log10 CFU/cm2 needed for biofilm formation, except RS (4.40 Log10 CFU/cm2). The isolates of S. aureus revealed a higher capability to form biofilm in comparison with RS during the first 3 h (p < 0.001). Thus, there is a significant difference between the occurrence of S. aureus on monitored surfaces-floor, teat cup, and cow restraints-and the frequency with which mastitis is caused by S. aureus (p < 0.05). This finding raises the possibility that if various surfaces are contaminated by S. aureus, it can result in the formation of biofilm, which is a significant virulence factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Vargová
- Department of the Environment, Veterinary Legislation and Economy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology, and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Farkašová
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ibrahim F Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom 32511, Egypt
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya-Shi 468-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seididamyeh M, Phan ADT, Sivakumar D, Netzel ME, Mereddy R, Sultanbawa Y. Valorisation of Three Underutilised Native Australian Plants: Phenolic and Organic Acid Profiles and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030623. [PMID: 36766151 PMCID: PMC9914099 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasmannia lanceolata, Diploglottis bracteata and Syzygium aqueum are understudied native Australian plants. This study aimed to characterise the non-anthocyanin phenolic and organic acid profiles of the aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves of T. lanceolata and fruits of D. bracteata and S. aqueum by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS. A total of 39, 22, and 27 non-anthocyanin polyphenols were tentatively identified in T. lanceolata, D. bracteata, and S. aqueum extracts, respectively. Furthermore, sugars and ascorbic acid contents as well as in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined. Response surface methodology was applied to achieve an extract blend with a strong inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas viridiflava, the main cause of soft rot in vegetables, Bacillus subtilis, Rhodotorula diobovata and Alternaria alternata. The identified compounds including organic acids (e.g., quinic, citric and malic acids) and polyphenols (e.g., catechin, procyanidins, and ellagitannins) might contribute to the observed antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, this study provides the most comprehensive phenolic profiles of these three underutilised native Australian plants to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Seididamyeh
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Anh Dao Thi Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West 0001, South Africa
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ram Mereddy
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sweet R, Kroon PA, Webber MA. Activity of antibacterial phytochemicals and their potential use as natural food preservatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2076-2087. [PMID: 36121430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The risk to human health from bacterial foodborne infection is presently controlled by the addition of antimicrobial preservatives to food. However, the use of chemical preservatives such as sodium nitrite poses a health risk in themselves with concerns around carcinogenic effects. This makes the development of improved preservatives a priority for the food industry. One promising source of novel antimicrobial compounds can be found in nature; phytochemicals, in particular polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants for numerous purposes including antimicrobial defence. There has been significant study of phytochemicals; including quantifying their antimicrobial activity, potential to synergise with current antibiotics and the feasibility of their application as natural food preservatives. However, there remains significant uncertainty about the relative antimicrobial efficacy of different phytochemicals, their mechanisms of action (MOA) and the potential for emergence of bacterial resistance to their effects. This review summarizes recent work relevant to the potential development of phytochemicals as antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sweet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Ma X, Bilal M, Wei L, Tang S, Luo H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Duan X. Toxicity and inhibition mechanism of gallic acid on physiology and fermentation performance of Escherichia coli. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:76. [PMID: 38647760 PMCID: PMC10992115 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid is a natural phenolic acid that has a stress inhibition effect on Escherichia coli. This study by integrates fermentation characteristics and transcriptional analyses to elucidate the physiological mechanism of E. coli 3110 response to gallic acid. Compared with the control (without stress), the cell growth was severely retarded, and irregular cell morphology appeared in the case of high levels of gallic acid stress. The glucose consumption of E. coli was reduced successively with the increase of gallic acid content in the fermentation medium. After 20 h of gallic acid stress, cofactor levels (ATP, NAD+ and NADH) of E. coli 3110 were similarly decreased, indicating a more potent inhibitory effect of gallic acid on E. coli. The transcriptional analysis revealed that gallic acid altered the gene expression profiles related to five notable differentially regulated pathways. The genes related to the two-component system were up-regulated, while the genes associated with ABC-transporter, energy metabolism, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. This is the first report to comprehensively assess the toxicity of gallic acid on E. coli. This study has implications for the efficient production of phenolic compounds by E. coli and provides new ideas for the study of microbial tolerance to environmental stress and the identification of associated tolerance targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Linlin Wei
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel Approaches to Environmental Monitoring and Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Facilities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121760. [PMID: 35741961 PMCID: PMC9222551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious public health hazard responsible for the foodborne illness listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and can become established in food production facilities, resulting in the contamination of a variety of food products, especially ready-to-eat foods. Effective and risk-based environmental monitoring programs and control strategies are essential to eliminate L. monocytogenes in food production environments. Key elements of the environmental monitoring program include (i) identifying the sources and prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the production environment, (ii) verifying the effectiveness of control measures to eliminate L. monocytogenes, and (iii) identifying the areas and activities to improve control. The design and implementation of the environmental monitoring program are complex, and several different approaches have emerged for sampling and detecting Listeria monocytogenes in food facilities. Traditional detection methods involve culture methods, followed by confirmation methods based on phenotypic, biochemical, and immunological characterization. These methods are laborious and time-consuming as they require at least 2 to 3 days to obtain results. Consequently, several novel detection approaches are gaining importance due to their rapidness, sensitivity, specificity, and high throughput. This paper comprehensively reviews environmental monitoring programs and novel approaches for detection based on molecular methods, immunological methods, biosensors, spectroscopic methods, microfluidic systems, and phage-based methods. Consumers have now become more interested in buying food products that are minimally processed, free of additives, shelf-stable, and have a better nutritional and sensory value. As a result, several novel control strategies have received much attention for their less adverse impact on the organoleptic properties of food and improved consumer acceptability. This paper reviews recent developments in control strategies by categorizing them into thermal, non-thermal, biocontrol, natural, and chemical methods, emphasizing the hurdle concept that involves a combination of different strategies to show synergistic impact to control L. monocytogenes in food production environments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li N, Su J, Wang H, Cavaco-Paulo A. Production of antimicrobial powders of guaiacol oligomers by a laccase-catalyzed synthesis reaction. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang X, Zhou D, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Liu F, Yu Y. Synergistic inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus by gallic acid and thymol and its potential application on fresh-cut tomatoes. Food Microbiol 2021; 102:103925. [PMID: 34809951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus of five typical plant-derived compounds [gallic acid (G.A), citral (Cit), thymol (Thy), salicylic acid (S.A), lauric acid (L.A)] were investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The results showed that only a combination of Thy and G.A (TGA), with a concentration of 0.1 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, had a synergistic effect (FICI = 0.5) on both E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus. The amount of Thy and G.A in mixture were four-fold lower than the MICs of the individuals shown to cause the equivalent antimicrobial activity in trypticase soy broth (TSB). The microbial reduction obtained in TSB with addition of TGA were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the reduction shown for the broth supplemented with the separated phenolics. TGA caused the changes of morphology and membrane integrity of bacteria. Additionally, the application of TGA on fresh-cut tomatoes are investigated. Fresh-cut tomatoes inoculated with E. coli O157:H7and S. aureus were washed for 2min, 5min, 10min at 4 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C in 0.3% NaOCl, or water containing TGA at various concentrations. Overall, the reduction of TGA achieved against S. aureus is higher than E. coli O157:H7. Same concentrations of combined antimicrobials at a temperature of 40 °C further increased the degree of microbial inactivation, with an additional 0.89-1.51 log CFU/g reduction compared to that at 25 °C. Moreover, 1/2MICThy+1/2MICG.A at 25 °C for 10min or 40 °C for 5min were generally acceptable with sensorial scores higher than 7. Our results showed that TGA could work synergistically on the inactivation of the tested bacteria and may be used as an alternative disinfectant of fresh produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China
| | - Donggen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center, No.336 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang province, 315012, China
| | - Yifang Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China.
| | - Fengsong Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van Breda SG, Mathijs K, Pieters HJ, Sági-Kiss V, Kuhnle GG, Georgiadis P, Saccani G, Parolari G, Virgili R, Sinha R, Hemke G, Hung Y, Verbeke W, Masclee AA, Vleugels-Simon CB, van Bodegraven AA, de Kok TM. Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N-Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001214. [PMID: 34382747 PMCID: PMC8530897 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It has been proposed that endogenously form N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are partly responsible for the link between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. As nitrite has been indicated as critical factor in the formation of NOCs, the impact of replacing the additive sodium nitrite (E250) by botanical extracts in the PHYTOME project is evaluated. METHOD AND RESULTS A human dietary intervention study is conducted in which healthy subjects consume 300 g of meat for 2 weeks, in subsequent order: conventional processed red meat, white meat, and processed red meat with standard or reduced levels of nitrite and added phytochemicals. Consumption of red meat products enriched with phytochemicals leads to a significant reduction in the faecal excretion of NOCs, as compared to traditionally processed red meat products. Gene expression changes identify cell proliferation as main affects molecular mechanism. High nitrate levels in drinking water in combination with processed red meat intake further stimulates NOC formation, an effect that could be mitigated by replacement of E250 by natural plant extracts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that addition of natural extracts to conventionally processed red meat products may help to reduce CRC risk, which is mechanistically support by gene expression analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Mathijs
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Pieters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Virág Sági-Kiss
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Gunter G Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Saccani
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parolari
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Virgili
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gert Hemke
- Hemke Nutriconsult, Prins Clauslaan 70, 5684 GB Best, The Netherlands
| | - Yung Hung
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | -
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Natural Anti-Microbials for Enhanced Microbial Safety and Shelf-Life of Processed Packaged Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071598. [PMID: 34359468 PMCID: PMC8305275 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial food contamination is a major concern for consumers and food industries. Consumers desire nutritious, safe and “clean label” products, free of synthetic preservatives and food industries and food scientists try to meet their demands by finding natural effective alternatives for food preservation. One of the alternatives to synthetic preservatives is the use of natural anti-microbial agents in the food products and/or in the packaging materials. Meat and processed meat products are characteristic examples of products that are highly perishable; hence natural anti-microbials can be used for extending their shelf-life and enhancing their safety. Despite several examples of the successful application of natural anti-microbial agents in meat products reported in research studies, their commercial use remains limited. This review objective is to present an extensive overview of recent research in the field of natural anti-microbials, covering essential oils, plant extracts, flavonoids, animal-derived compounds, organic acids, bacteriocins and nanoparticles. The anti-microbial mode of action of the agents, in situ studies involving meat products, regulations and, limitations for usage and future perspectives are described. The review concludes that naturally derived anti-microbials can potentially support the meat industry to provide “clean label”, nutritious and safe meat products for consumers.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peh E, Kittler S, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Antimicrobial activity of organic acids against Campylobacter spp. and development of combinations-A synergistic effect? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239312. [PMID: 32941534 PMCID: PMC7497993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminated poultry meat is considered to be the main source of human infection with Campylobacter spp., a pathogen that asymptomatically colonizes broiler chickens during fattening and contaminates carcasses during slaughter. To prevent or reduce the colonization of broiler flocks with Campylobacter spp., applying different organic acids, especially in combinations, via feed or drinking water seems to be a promising approach. However, only very few combinations of organic acids have been tested for their antibacterial efficacy against Campylobacter spp. Therefore, the in vitro susceptibility of 30 Campylobacter spp. isolates (20 C. jejuni and ten C. coli) to ten organic acids and ten combinations was determined. The testing of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values was performed at pH 6.0 and 7.3 by using the broth microdilution method and included the following organic acids: Caprylic acid, sorbic acid, caproic acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid and tartaric acid and combinations thereof. The lowest MIC values were seen for caprylic acid (MIC range at pH 7.3: 0.5-2 mmol/L) and sorbic acid (MIC range at pH 7.3: 1-4 mmol/L). One to two dilution steps lower MIC values were determined at the lower pH value of 6.0. Furthermore, ten combinations consisting of three to five organic acids were developed. In addition to the tested antibacterial activity, other criteria were included such as approval as feed additives, reported synergistic effects and chemical properties. For nine of ten combinations, the MIC90 values of the organic acids decreased 1.25- to 241.5-fold compared to the MIC90 values for the individual substances. Furthermore, nine of ten combinations exhibited synergistic activities against two or more of the tested C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. A combination of caprylic acid, sorbic acid and caproic acid exhibited synergistic activities against the largest number of Campylobacter spp. isolates (six C. jejuni and four C. coli) with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices (∑FIC) ranging from 0.33 to 1.42. This study shows in vitro synergistic activities of different organic acids in combinations against the major Campylobacter species and could therefore be a promising basis for reducing Campylobacter spp. in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Reich
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahurmiz OM, Ahmad R, Ismail N, Adzitey F, Sulaiman SF. Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils on Pseudomonas Species Associated with Spoilage of Fish with Emphasis on Cinnamon Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1800882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osan Maroof Bahurmiz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Marine Biology, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Rosma Ahmad
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Noryati Ismail
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Frederick Adzitey
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olszewska MA, Gędas A, Simões M. Antimicrobial polyphenol-rich extracts: Applications and limitations in the food industry. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109214. [PMID: 32517896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the common ways to prevent food spoilage throughout product's shelf life is by using artificial/synthetic preservatives. However, the growing negative perception of consumers over synthetic preservatives has encouraged the food industry to consider their natural alternatives. Plant extracts, increasingly recognized as consumer-friendly, represent a valuable source of active compounds, mostly polyphenols, with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Hence, this article focuses mainly on the antimicrobial activity of plant-based polyphenol-rich extracts as well as on their potential use and limitations in the food industry. Some new trends such as antimicrobial food packaging combined with plant extracts and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combined with a natural photosensitiser, curcumin, are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Astrid Gędas
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodríguez-López MI, Mercader-Ros MT, Pellicer JA, Gómez-López VM, Martínez-Romero D, Núñez-Delicado E, Gabaldón JA. Evaluation of monoterpene-cyclodextrin complexes as bacterial growth effective hurdles. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Fancello F, El Beyrouthy M, Iriti M, El Khoury M, Bou Zeidan M, Zara S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against food‐related microorganisms of different essential oils from Lebanon. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesMilan State University Milan Italy
| | - Madona El Khoury
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon
| | - Marc Bou Zeidan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of AgricultureUniversity of Sassari Sassari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Punicalagin Content and Antifungal Activity of Different Pomegranate (Punica ganatum L.) Genotypes. HORTICULTURAE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antifungal activity of a number of pomegranate genotypes. Since the main compound of pomegranate extract is punicalagin, an important substance involved in antifungal and antimicrobial activity, we analyzed the contents of punicalagin (α and β) in 21 different pomegranate genotypes. Ellagic acid content, total phenolic content, acidity and pH were also determined. This work allowed us to determine which genotypes of pomegranate can be used to obtain extracts with the highest content of punicalagin, with the goal of developing a green alternative to synthetic pesticides. To improve the extraction system from pomegranate peel fruits, several different solvents were tested. All the pomegranate genotypes tested showed antifungal activity; some genotypes were able to almost completely inhibit the fungus, while others had very low inhibitory activity. Research results also showed that the use of water as a solvent for extraction is very effective, especially when it is combined with ethanol. This is very important for the practical use of the extracts since water is economical and environmentally friendly. The research showed that among the genotypes there is also great variability regarding the chemical parameters. Genotypes with a high phenolic and punicalagin content were significantly correlated with antifungal activity. All the other chemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity and ellagic acid content) were not correlated with antifungal activity. The results obtained indicate that the fruits of some pomegranate genotypes could be used to obtain extracts very rich in punicalagins and that these substances could be used as an alternative to synthetic products to control plant disease and improve the quality of the plant products, avoiding the impact of synthetic chemicals on the environment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Skroza D, Šimat V, Smole Možina S, Katalinić V, Boban N, Generalić Mekinić I. Interactions of resveratrol with other phenolics and activity against food-borne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2312-2318. [PMID: 31367359 PMCID: PMC6657714 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of individual phenolics and their binary mixtures with resveratrol against selected food-borne pathogens. The antibacterial activity was quantified using the broth microdilution method by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Interactions between compounds in the binary phenolic mixtures were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The influence of the number of OH groups in the phenols' structure on their antibacterial activity was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). The most effective compounds were flavone luteolin and flavonol rutin, while the weakest antimicrobial activity was observed for phenolic acid and flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin). The synergistic effect (FICI ≤0.5) of equimolar mixture of resveratrol with kaempferol was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli, while the mixture of rutin with resveratrol proved synergistic only against S. aureus. The increasing concentrations of resveratrol in the mixtures with kaempferol and rutin resulted in a loss of synergism which indicates that only selected phenolic mixtures, with optimal concentrations of their individual components, result in synergistic antibacterial activity. We did not find an association between total number of OH groups and antibacterial activity of either individual phenolics or their mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and TechnologyUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine StudiesUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| | | | - Višnja Katalinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and TechnologyUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| | - Nataša Boban
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital Split and University of Split School of MedicineSplitCroatia
| | - Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and TechnologyUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hydrogels based on gelatin: Effect of lactic and acetic acids on microstructural modifications, water absorption mechanisms and antibacterial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Rao J, Chen B, McClements DJ. Improving the Efficacy of Essential Oils as Antimicrobials in Foods: Mechanisms of Action. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:365-387. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The consumer preference for clean-label products is requiring the food industry to reformulate their products by replacing artificial additives with natural alternatives. Essential oils are natural antimicrobials isolated from plant sources that have the potential to combat many foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms. This review begins by discussing the antimicrobial properties of essential oils, the relationships between their chemical structure and antimicrobial efficacy, and their potential limitations for commercial applications (such as strong flavor, volatility, and chemical instability). We then review the commonly used methods for screening the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils and elucidating their mechanisms of action. Finally, potential applications of essential oils as antimicrobials in foods are reviewed and the major types of food-grade delivery systems available for improving their efficacy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharifi-Rad M, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Del Mar Contreras M, Salehi B, Soltani-Nejad A, Rajabi S, Tajbakhsh M, Sharifi-Rad J. Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1675-1687. [PMID: 29744941 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CV) is a phenolic monoterpenoid found in essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), pepperwort (Lepidium flavum), wild bergamot (Citrus aurantium bergamia), and other plants. Carvacrol possesses a wide range of bioactivities putatively useful for clinical applications such antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Carvacrol antimicrobial activity is higher than that of other volatile compounds present in essential oils due to the presence of the free hydroxyl group, hydrophobicity, and the phenol moiety. The present review illustrates the state-of-the-art studies on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of CV. It is particularly effective against food-borne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bacillus cereus. Carvacrol has high antioxidant activity and has been successfully used, mainly associated with thymol, as dietary phytoadditive to improve animal antioxidant status. The anticancer properties of CV have been reported in preclinical models of breast, liver, and lung carcinomas, acting on proapoptotic processes. Besides the interesting properties of CV and the toxicological profile becoming definite, to date, human trials on CV are still lacking, and this largely impedes any conclusions of clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, 61663-335, Iran
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Bioregión Building, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Soltani-Nejad
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mercedeh Tajbakhsh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yun J, Wu C, Li X, Fan X. Improving the Microbial Food Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with Aqueous and Vaporous Essential Oils. NATURAL AND BIO-BASED ANTIMICROBIALS FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1287.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuetong Fan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of thymol verified in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) after antimicrobial analysis in Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
25
|
Shi C, Zhao X, Meng R, Liu Z, Zhang G, Guo N. Synergistic antimicrobial effects of nisin and p-Anisaldehyde on Staphylococcus aureus in pasteurized milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Li J, Chang JW, Saenger M, Deering A. Thymol nanoemulsions formed via spontaneous emulsification: Physical and antimicrobial properties. Food Chem 2017; 232:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Beppler C, Tekin E, White C, Mao Z, Miller JH, Damoiseaux R, Savage VM, Yeh PJ. When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:107. [PMID: 28477626 PMCID: PMC5420147 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In drug-drug interactions, there are surprising cases in which the growth inhibition of bacteria by a single antibiotic decreases when a second antibiotic is added. These interactions are termed suppressive and have been argued to have the potential to limit the evolution of resistance. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to suppressive interactions because clinical studies typically search for increases in killing efficiency and because suppressive interactions are believed to be rare based on pairwise studies. RESULTS Here, we quantify the effects of single-, double-, and triple-drug combinations from a set of 14 antibiotics and 3 bacteria strains, totaling 364 unique three-drug combinations per bacteria strain. We find that increasing the number of drugs can increase the prevalence of suppressive interactions: 17% of three-drug combinations are suppressive compared to 5% of two-drug combinations in this study. Most cases of suppression we find (97%) are "hidden" cases for which the triple-drug bacterial growth is less than the single-drug treatments but exceeds that of a pairwise combination. CONCLUSIONS We find a surprising number of suppressive interactions in higher-order drug combinations. Without examining lower-order (pairwise) bacterial growth, emergent suppressive effects would be missed, potentially affecting our understanding of evolution of resistance and treatment strategies for resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that careful examination of the full factorial of drug combinations is needed to uncover suppressive interactions in higher-order combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Beppler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elif Tekin
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia White
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Van M Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomathematics, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Pamela J Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jie Ng W, Ying Lye P, Jia Chan Y, Khoon Lau Z, Yaw Ee K. Synergistic Effect of Trigona Honey and Ampicillin on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Infected Wound. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.403.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
29
|
Das Q, Islam MR, Marcone MF, Warriner K, Diarra MS. Potential of berry extracts to control foodborne pathogens. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
30
|
Zhao X, Shi C, Meng R, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zhao Z, Guo N. Effect of nisin and perilla oil combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in milk. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2644-53. [PMID: 27478220 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro interaction of nisin and perilla oil (PO) against 20 food-borne isolates of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were assessed using a checkerboard microdilution method. Synergism was observed in tested strains with the fractional inhibitory concentration indexs (FICIs) ranges from 0.125-0.25 and 0.19-0.375, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to investigate the effect of nisin and PO on the integrity of cell wall and membrane of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The results showed that nisin and PO were more effective in damaging cell wall and membrane in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Rizeng Meng
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zonghui Liu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Medeiros Barbosa I, da Costa Medeiros JA, de Oliveira KÁR, Gomes-Neto NJ, Tavares JF, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Efficacy of the combined application of oregano and rosemary essential oils for the control of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis in leafy vegetables. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
32
|
Hyldgaard M, Meyer RL, Peng M, Hibberd AA, Fischer J, Sigmundsson A, Mygind T. Binary combination of epsilon-poly-l-lysine and isoeugenol affect progression of spoilage microbiota in fresh turkey meat, and delay onset of spoilage in Pseudomonas putida challenged meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 215:131-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Moschonas G, Geornaras I, Stopforth JD, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effect of Product Dimensions and Surface Browning Method on Salmonella Contamination in Frozen, Surface-Browned, Breaded Chicken Products Treated with Antimicrobials. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2815-21. [PMID: 26495824 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Not-ready-to-eat breaded chicken products formulated with antimicrobial ingredients were tested for the effect of sample dimensions, surface browning method and final internal sample temperature on inoculated Salmonella populations. Fresh chicken breast meat portions (5 × 5 × 5 cm), inoculated with Salmonella (7-strain mixture; 5 log CFU/g), were mixed with (5% v/w total moisture enhancement) (i) distilled water (control), (ii) caprylic acid (CAA; 0.0625%) and carvacrol (CAR; 0.075%), (iii) CAA (0.25%) and ε-polylysine (POL; 0.5%), (iv) CAR (0.15%) and POL (0.5%), or (v) CAA (0.0625%), CAR (0.075%) and POL (0.5%). Sodium chloride (1.2%) and sodium tripolyphosphate (0.3%) were added to all treatments. The mixtures were then ground and formed into 9 × 5 × 3 cm (150 g) or 9 × 2.5 × 2 cm (50 g) portions. The products were breaded, browned in (i) an oven (208 °C, 15 min) or (ii) deep fryer (190 °C, 15 s), packaged, and stored at -20 °C (8 d). Overall, maximum internal temperatures of 62.4 ± 4.0 °C (9 × 2.5 × 2 cm) and 46.0 ± 3.0 °C (9 × 5 × 3 cm) were reached in oven-browned samples, and 35.0 ± 1.1 °C (9 × 2.5 × 2 cm) and 31.7 ± 2.6 °C (9 × 5 × 3 cm) in fryer-browned samples. Irrespective of formulation treatment, total (after frozen storage) reductions of Salmonella were greater (P < 0.05) for 9 × 2.5 × 2 cm oven-browned samples (3.8 to at least 4.6 log CFU/g) than for 9 × 5 × 3 cm oven-browned samples (0.7 to 2.5 log CFU/g). Product dimensions did not (P ≥ 0.05) affect Salmonella reductions (0.6 to 2.8 log CFU/g) in fryer-browned samples. All antimicrobial treatments reduced Salmonella to undetectable levels (<0.3 log CFU/g) in oven-browned 9 × 2.5 × 2 cm samples. Overall, the data may be useful for the selection of antimicrobials, product dimensions, and surface browning methods for reducing Salmonella contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galatios Moschonas
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A
| | - Ifigenia Geornaras
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A
| | - Jarret D Stopforth
- Chobani Inc, 3450 Kimberly Rd E., Twin Falls, Idaho, 83301, U.S.A.,Purac America Inc, 111 Barclay Blvd Suite 100, Lincolnshire, Ill. 60069, U.S.A
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A
| | - Keith E Belk
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A
| | - Gary C Smith
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A
| | - John N Sofos
- Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, Co. 80523-1171, U.S.A.,Purac America Inc, 111 Barclay Blvd Suite 100, Lincolnshire, Ill. 60069, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moon H, Rhee MS. Synergism between carvacrol or thymol increases the antimicrobial efficacy of soy sauce with no sensory impact. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 217:35-41. [PMID: 26490647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the antimicrobial effects of soy sauce containing essential oils (EOs) against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes at 22°C and 4°C. To screen a variety of combined effects, soy sauce was mixed with six different EOs (carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-resorcylic acid, and vanillin), each at a concentration of 1mM for 10 min. None of the oils showed bactericidal activity when used alone. Soy sauce combined with carvacrol and thymol induced the greatest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria; therefore, these oils were further tested at 0.25, 0.5, and 1mM (0.0039%, 0.0078%, and 0.0157%) for 1, 5, and 10 min at 4°C and 22°C. In addition, sensory evaluation of soy sauce containing each EO at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2mM was performed using the nine point hedonic test. Carvacrol or thymol (1mM) eliminated all the test bacteria (initial population, 7.0-7.5logCFU/ml) in 1-5 min at 22°C and within 10 min at 4°C. L. monocytogenes was slightly more tolerant at 4°C, which may be attributable to the ability of the cell membrane to adapt to low temperatures. The sensory scores for soy sauce containing EOs were not significantly different from that of soy sauce without EOs (P>0.05). The stability of EO efficacy in soy sauce was also verified. These results suggest that carvacrol and thymol act synergistically with other factors present in soy sauce to increase antimicrobial activity against major foodborne pathogens at both 4°C and 22°C. The synergism may be attributable to the combination of factors (mainly high salt concentration and low pH imparted by organic acids) present in soy sauce and the membrane attacking properties of carvacrol and thymol. This method will facilitate the production of microbiologically safe soy sauce, soy sauce-based marinades, and various marinated foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeree Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rongai D, Pulcini P, Pesce B, Milano F. Antifungal activity of some botanical extracts on Fusarium oxysporum. Open Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2015-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present paper describes the antifungal
activity of some plant extracts on the development of
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The best extracts
were selected to be tested as a phytofungicide to control
crop diseases, with the ultimate goal of developing a
green alternative to synthetic fungicides. Using the
conidia germination assay, of the 24 plant extracts
tested, 15 reduced conidia germination and 6 completely
inhibited germination. Extracts of Rivina humulis,
Brassica carinata, Brunfelsia calyicina, Salvia guaranitica
and Punica granatum showed good antifungal activity.
The relationship between total phenolic content (TPC) in
each plant extract tested and the percentage of mycelial
growth inhibition showed a significant correlation (R2
= 0.69), while no correlation was found between total
flavonoid content (TFC) and percentage mycelial growth
inhibition. Among all extracts tested, Punica granatum
and Salvia guaranitica showed the best inhibitory effect
against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici . Our results
indicate that plant extracts with a good antifungal activity
generally had a high level of total polyphenolic content
and titratable acidity, and low values of pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rongai
- 1Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per la patologia vegetale, via C.G Bertero, 22 - 00156 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pulcini
- 1Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per la patologia vegetale, via C.G Bertero, 22 - 00156 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Pesce
- 1Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per la patologia vegetale, via C.G Bertero, 22 - 00156 Roma, Italy
| | - Filomena Milano
- 1Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per la patologia vegetale, via C.G Bertero, 22 - 00156 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tavares AG, Monte DFMD, Albuquerque ADR, Sampaio FC, Magnani M, Siqueira Júnior JPD, Souza ELD. Habituation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus to Origanum vulgare L. essential oil does not induce direct-tolerance and cross-tolerance to salts and organic acids. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:835-40. [PMID: 26413067 PMCID: PMC4568867 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains that were isolated from foods were investigated for their ability to develop direct-tolerance and cross-tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) after habituation in sublethal amounts (1/2 of the minimum inhibitory concentration - 1/2 MIC and 1/4 of the minimum inhibitory concentration - 1/4 MIC) of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OVEO). The habituation of S. aureus to 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC of OVEO did not induce direct-tolerance or cross-tolerance in the tested strains, as assessed by modulation of MIC values. Otherwise, exposing the strains to OVEO at sublethal concentrations maintained or increased the sensitivity of the cells to the tested stressing agents because the MIC values of OVEO, NaCl, KCl, LA and AA against the cells that were previously habituated to OVEO remained the same or decreased when compared with non-habituated cells. These data indicate that OVEO does not have an inductive effect on the acquisition of direct-tolerance or cross-tolerance in the tested enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus to antimicrobial agents that are typically used in food preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Synergistic inhibition of bacteria associated with minimally processed vegetables in mixed culture by carvacrol and 1,8-cineole. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
38
|
Zengin H, Baysal AH. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil terpenes against pathogenic and spoilage-forming bacteria and cell structure-activity relationships evaluated by SEM microscopy. Molecules 2014; 19:17773-98. [PMID: 25372394 PMCID: PMC6272013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity and antioxidant effect of the compounds α-terpineol, linalool, eucalyptol and α-pinene obtained from essential oils (EOs), against pathogenic and spoilage forming bacteria were determined. The antibacterial activities of these compounds were observed in vitro on four Gram-negative and three Gram-positive strains. S. putrefaciens was the most resistant bacteria to all tested components, with MIC values of 2% or higher, whereas E. coli O157:H7 was the most sensitive strain among the tested bacteria. Eucalyptol extended the lag phase of S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus at the concentrations of 0.7%, 0.6% and 1%, respectively. In vitro cell growth experiments showed the tested compounds had toxic effects on all bacterial species with different level of potency. Synergistic and additive effects were observed at least one dose pair of combination against S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus, however antagonistic effects were not found in these combinations. The results of this first study are encouraging for further investigations on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of these EO components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Zengin
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35437, Turkey.
| | - Ayse H Baysal
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35437, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
da Silva Luz I, Gomes-Neto NJ, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Assessment of tolerance induction by Origanum vulgare L. essential oil or carvacrol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated in a meat-based broth and in a meat model. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:571-80. [PMID: 25293767 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214554467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OVEO) and carvacrol in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, as well as the development of direct tolerance and cross-tolerance when this bacterium was challenged with sublethal amounts of these substances in a meat-based broth and in a meat model. OVEO and carvacrol at their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC decreased the viable cell counts of P. aeruginosa in meat-based broth. Direct tolerance or cross-tolerance was not induced after exposure of the assayed bacterial strain to sublethal amounts of OVEO or carvacrol in meat-based broth and in an artificially contaminated ground beef. Bacterial cells progressively subcultured in meat-based broth with increasing amounts of the tested substances survived up to the MIC of OVEO and to 1/2 MIC of carvacrol. The results reveal a lack of induction of tolerance in P. aeruginosa by exposure to OVEO or carvacrol in meat-based broth and in a meat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle da Silva Luz
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Nelson Justino Gomes-Neto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbiological Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li H, Deng Z, Liu R, Loewen S, Tsao R. Bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a purple tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Food Chem 2014; 159:353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
41
|
Oostindjer M, Alexander J, Amdam GV, Andersen G, Bryan NS, Chen D, Corpet DE, De Smet S, Dragsted LO, Haug A, Karlsson AH, Kleter G, de Kok TM, Kulseng B, Milkowski AL, Martin RJ, Pajari AM, Paulsen JE, Pickova J, Rudi K, Sødring M, Weed DL, Egelandsdal B. The role of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer development: a perspective. Meat Sci 2014; 97:583-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
42
|
Seow YX, Yeo CR, Chung HL, Yuk HG. Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:625-44. [PMID: 24261536 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.599504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils derived from plants have been recognized for decades to exhibit biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial attributes. Antimicrobial activities of these natural plant materials have been intensively explored in recent years, mainly in response to the overwhelming concern of consumers over the safety of synthetic food additives. Gram-negative organisms are believed to be slightly less sensitive to essential oils than Gram-positive bacteria. Generally, a higher concentration is required to obtain the same efficacy in foods than in synthetic media. The combinations of different types of essential oils or with other food additives have been found to potentially exhibit synergistic if not additive effects. This suggests a cost-efficient and wholesome alternative to both food industry and consumers, at the same time adhering to the hurdle technology in inhibiting proliferation of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to examine the conventional methods commonly used for assessment of antimicrobial activities of essential oils and phytochemicals, the use of these substances as antimicrobials in food products, factors that affect their efficacy, synergism between components or with available food preservatives as well as the challenges and future directions of using essential oils and phytochemicals as natural food preservatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin Seow
- a Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore, Block S3 Level 6, Science Drive 3 , Singapore , 117543
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rabiey S, Hosseini H, Rezaei M. Use Carum copticum essential oil for controlling the Listeria monocytogenes growth in fish model system. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:89-96. [PMID: 24948918 PMCID: PMC4059331 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Carum copticum essential oil (Ajowan EO) against Listeria monocytogenes in fish model system. Ajowan EO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis and the highest concentration of Carum copticum essential oil without any significant changes on sensory properties of kutum fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) was assigned. Then the inhibitory effect of Ajowan EO at different concentrations in presence of salt and smoke component was tested on L. monocytogenes growth in fish peptone broth (FPB), kutum broth and cold smoked kutum broth at 4 °C for 12 days. Ajowan EO completely decreased the number of L. monocytogenes in FPB after 12 days of storage, however, antimicrobial effect of EO significantly reduced in kutum and cold smoked kutum broth. Addition of 4% NaCl and smoke component improved the anti-listerial activity of Ajowan EO in all fish model broths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Rabiey
- Department of FisheriesFaculty of Marin SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Sciences and TechnologyFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Science and TechnologyFaculty of Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Luz IDS, de Melo ANF, Bezerra TKA, Madruga MS, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Sublethal Amounts of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil and Carvacrol Cause Injury and Changes in Membrane Fatty Acid of Salmonella Typhimurium Cultivated in a Meat Broth. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:357-61. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle da Silva Luz
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adma Nadja Ferreira de Melo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Taliana Kênia Alves Bezerra
- Laboratory of Flavour, Department of Food Engineering, Center for Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Laboratory of Flavour, Department of Food Engineering, Center for Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gomes-Neto NJ, Luz IS, Franco OL, Magnani M, Souza EL. Tolerance evaluation inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium challenged with sublethal amounts ofRosmarinus officinalisL. essential oil or 1,8-cineole in meat model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson J. Gomes-Neto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Department of Nutrition; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Paraíba; Campus I; CEP 58051900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Isabelle S. Luz
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Department of Nutrition; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Paraíba; Campus I; CEP 58051900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Center of Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis; Catholic University of Brasília; SGAN 916 Norte, W5 CEP 70790-160, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Foods; Department of Food Engineering; Center of Technology; Federal University of Paraíba; Campus I, CEP 58051900, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Evandro L. Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Department of Nutrition; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Paraíba; Campus I; CEP 58051900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
do Amarante Melo GF, da Costa ACV, Garino F, Medeiros RS, Madruga MS, Neto VQ. The sensitivity of bacterial foodborne pathogens to Croton blanchetianus Baill essential oil. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:1189-94. [PMID: 24688510 PMCID: PMC3958186 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. blanchetianus Baill, popularly known as "marmeleiro", in inhibiting the growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms in food by determining their survival in vitro and by observing the behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into a food model (meat cubes) that was stored at refrigeration temperature (7 ± 1 °C) for 4 days. The results indicated a bactericidal effect against Aeromonas hydrophila and Listeria monocytogenes and bacteriostatic action against Salmonella Enteritidis. A bacteriostatic effect on meat contaminated with L. monocytogenes was found for all concentrations of essential oils tested. These results showed that essential oil from the leaves of C. blanchetianus Baill represents an alternative source of potentially natural antimicrobial agents that may be used as a food preservative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Caroliny Vieira da Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Felício Garino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - Rosália Severo Medeiros
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Vicente Queiroga Neto
- Laboratório de Análise de Matérias Primas Agropecuária, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Patos, Patos, PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zheng L, Bae YM, Jung KS, Heu S, Lee SY. Antimicrobial activity of natural antimicrobial substances against spoilage bacteria isolated from fresh produce. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Lack of induction of direct protection or cross-protection in Staphylococcus aureus by sublethal concentrations of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil and carvacrol in a meat-based medium. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:587-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
de Souza EL, de Azerêdo GA, de Sousa JP, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Stamford TLM. Cytotoxic Effects of Origanum vulgare
L. and Rosmarinus officinalis
L. Essential Oils Alone and Combined at Sublethal Amounts on Pseudomonas fluorescens
in a Vegetable Broth. J Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Department of Nutrition; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Geíza Alves de Azerêdo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco; Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - Jossana Pereira de Sousa
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology; Department of Nutrition; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Paraíba; João Pessoa Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Souza EL, Oliveira CEV, Stamford TLM, Conceição ML, Neto NJG. Influence of carvacrol and thymol on the physiological attributes, enterotoxin production and surface characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:29-35. [PMID: 24159280 PMCID: PMC3804174 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of the phenolic compounds carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) on some physiological characteristics and on the modulation of the secretion of some staphylococcal virulence factors, that is, coagulase and enterotoxin. This study also investigated possible mechanisms for the establishment of the anti-staphylococcal activity of these compounds. Sublethal concentrations (0.3 and 0.15 μL/mL) of CAR and THY inhibited the activity of the enzymes coagulase and lipase and led to a decrease in salt tolerance. At the tested sublethal concentrations, both CAR and THY led to a total suppression of enterotoxin production. The loss of a 260-nm-absorbing material and an efflux of potassium ions occurred immediately after the addition of CAR and THY at 0.6 and 1.2 μL/mL and increased up to 120 min of exposure. Electron microscopy of cells exposed to CAR and THY (0.6 μL/mL) revealed that individual cells appeared to be deformed, with projections of cellular material. The observations of leakage of cellular material and an altered cell surface suggest that gross damage to a cell’s cytoplasmic membrane, which results in a disruption in protein secretion, could be responsible for the anti-staphylococcal properties of CAR and THY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|