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Ferreira-Duarte M, Oliveira LCG, Quintas C, Dias-Pereira P, Sousa T, Magro F, Casarini DE, Duarte-Araújo M, Morato M. Angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2 in the feces: presence and catalytic activity in the rat 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced model of colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1885-1894. [PMID: 38967213 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammatory bowel disease is challenging to diagnose. Fecal biomarkers offer noninvasive solutions. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated in intestinal inflammation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) regulate its activity, but conflicting findings on these enzymes in colitis require further investigation. We aimed to assess ACE and ACE2 presence and activities in the feces, serum, and colon of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rats. METHODS Colitis was induced in male rats by rectal instillation of a 21% ethanolic TNBS solution. After rats' sacrifice, colonic portions, serum, and feces were collected. ACE and ACE2 presence in the feces was analyzed by western Blot, and colonic and serum enzymes' concentrations were quantified using ELISA kits. ACE activity was assessed using Hippuryl-His-Leu and Z-Phe-His-Leu as substrates. ACE2 activity was assessed using Mca-APK (Dnp) as a substrate in the presence and absence of DX600 (ACE2 inhibitor). RESULTS An ACE isoform of ~70 kDa was found only in the feces of TNBS-induced rats. ACE concentration was higher than that of ACE2 in the serum and the inflamed colon. ACE N-domain activity was higher than that of the C-domain in all matrices. ACE2 activity was higher in the feces of TNBS-induced animals compared to controls. CONCLUSION A 70 kDa ACE isoform only detected in the feces of TNBS-induced rats may have translational relevance. ACE N-domain seems to play a significant role in regulating colonic lesions. Further research using human samples is necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira-Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lilian Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Quintas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margarida Duarte-Araújo
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Cheng G, Liu Y, Guo R, Wang H, Zhang W, Wang Y. Molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111726. [PMID: 38844054 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes and a considerable contributor to end-stage renal disease. Evidence indicates that glucose dysregulation and lipid metabolism comprise a pivotal pathogenic mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. However, current treatment outcomes are limited, as they only provide symptomatic relief without preventing disease progression. The gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that inhabit the human intestinal tract and play a crucial role in maintaining host energy balance, metabolism, and immune activity. Patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibit altered gut microbiota, suggesting its potential involvement in the onset and progression of the disease. However, how a perturbed microbiota induces and promotes diabetic nephropathy remains unelucidated. This article summarizes the evidence of the impact of gut microbiota on the progression of diabetic nephropathy, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms involved, aiming to provide new insights into the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - YuLin Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Huinan Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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3
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Pan I, Umapathy S. Probiotics an emerging therapeutic approach towards gut-brain-axis oriented chronic health issues induced by microplastics: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32004. [PMID: 38882279 PMCID: PMC11176854 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Applications for plastic polymers can be found all around the world, often discarded without any prior care, exacerbating the environmental issue. When large waste materials are released into the environment, they undergo physical, biological, and photo-degradation processes that break them down into smaller polymer fragments known as microplastics (MPs). The time it takes for residual plastic to degrade depends on the type of polymer and environmental factors, with some taking as long as 600 years or more. Due to their small size, microplastics can contaminate food and enter the human body through food chains and webs, causing gastrointestinal (GI) tract pain that can range from local to systemic. Microplastics can also acquire hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals on their surface, due to their large surface area and surface hydrophobicity. The levels of contamination on the microplastic surface are significantly higher than in the natural environment. The gut-brain axis (GB axis), through which organisms interact with their environment, regulate nutritional digestion and absorption, intestinal motility and secretion, complex polysaccharide breakdown, and maintain intestinal integrity, can be altered by microplastics acting alone or in combination with pollutants. Probiotics have shown significant therapeutic potential in managing various illnesses mediated by the gut-brain axis. They connect hormonal and biochemical pathways to promote gut and brain health, making them a promising therapy option for a variety of GB axis-mediated illnesses. Additionally, taking probiotics with or without food can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuro-inflammation, neurodegeneration, protein folding, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease. This study provides new insight into microplastic-induced gut dysbiosis, its associated health risks, and the benefits of using both traditional and next-generation probiotics to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganiya Umapathy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Han YZ, Zheng HJ, Du BX, Zhang Y, Zhu XY, Li J, Wang YX, Liu WJ. Role of Gut Microbiota, Immune Imbalance, and Allostatic Load in the Occurrence and Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8871677. [PMID: 38094870 PMCID: PMC10719010 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8871677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevailing complication arising from diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, there are no trustworthy and efficacious treatment modalities currently available. In recent times, compelling evidence has emerged regarding the intricate correlation between the kidney and the gut microbiota, which is considered the largest immune organ within the human physique. Various investigations have demonstrated that the perturbation of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites potentially underlie the etiology and progression of DKD. This phenomenon may transpire through perturbation of both the innate and the adaptive immunity, leading to a burdensome allostatic load on the body and ultimately culminating in the development of DKD. Within this literature review, we aim to delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the immune system in the context of DKD. Furthermore, we strive to explore and elucidate potential chemical interventions that could hold promise for the treatment of DKD, thereby offering invaluable insights and directions for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Heston MB, Hanslik KL, Zarbock KR, Harding SJ, Davenport-Sis NJ, Kerby RL, Chin N, Sun Y, Hoeft A, Deming Y, Vogt NM, Betthauser TJ, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Wild N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rey FE, Bendlin BB, Ulland TK. Gut inflammation associated with age and Alzheimer's disease pathology: a human cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18924. [PMID: 37963908 PMCID: PMC10646035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related disease may be mediated by low levels of chronic inflammation ("inflammaging"). Recent work suggests that gut microbes can contribute to inflammation via degradation of the intestinal barrier. While aging and age-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are linked to altered microbiome composition and higher levels of gut microbial components in systemic circulation, the role of intestinal inflammation remains unclear. To investigate whether greater gut inflammation is associated with advanced age and AD pathology, we assessed fecal samples from older adults to measure calprotectin, an established marker of intestinal inflammation which is elevated in diseases of gut barrier integrity. Multiple regression with maximum likelihood estimation and Satorra-Bentler corrections were used to test relationships between fecal calprotectin and clinical diagnosis, participant age, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD pathology, amyloid burden measured using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PiB PET) imaging, and performance on cognitive tests measuring executive function and verbal learning and recall. Calprotectin levels were elevated in advanced age and were higher in participants diagnosed with amyloid-confirmed AD dementia. Additionally, among individuals with AD dementia, higher calprotectin was associated with greater amyloid burden as measured with PiB PET. Exploratory analyses indicated that calprotectin levels were also associated with cerebrospinal fluid markers of AD, and with lower verbal memory function even among cognitively unimpaired participants. Taken together, these findings suggest that intestinal inflammation is linked with brain pathology even in the earliest disease stages. Moreover, intestinal inflammation may exacerbate the progression toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo B Heston
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kendra L Hanslik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katie R Zarbock
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sandra J Harding
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy J Davenport-Sis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert L Kerby
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ana Hoeft
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas M Vogt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Chen Z, Liang W, Liang J, Dou J, Guo F, Zhang D, Xu Z, Wang T. Probiotics: functional food ingredients with the potential to reduce hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220877. [PMID: 37465757 PMCID: PMC10351019 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasingly pressing public health concern across the globe. It can be triggered by a variety of factors such as age and diet, as well as the stress of modern life. The traditional treatment of hypertension includes calcium ion blockers, angiotensin II receptor inhibitors and β-receptor blockers, but these drugs have at least some side effects. Recent studies have revealed that intestinal flora plays a vital role in maintaining and promoting human health. This is due to the type and amount of probiotics present in the flora. Probiotics can reduce hypertension symptoms through four mechanisms: regulating vascular oxidative stress, producing short-chain fatty acids, restoring endothelial cell function, and reducing inflammation. It has been reported that certain functional foods, using probiotics as their raw material, can modify the composition of intestinal flora, thus regulating hypertension symptoms. Consequently, utilizing the probiotic function of probiotics in conjunction with the properties of functional foods to treat hypertension is a novel, side-effect-free treatment method. This study seeks to summarize the various factors that contribute to hypertension, the mechanism of probiotics in mitigating hypertension, and the fermented functional foods with probiotic strains, in order to provide a basis for the development of functional foods which utilize probiotics as their raw material and may have the potential to reduce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Wanjie Liang
- Research and Development Department(R&D), Shandong Ande Healthcare Apparatus Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Daolei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
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7
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Guimarães VHD, Marinho BM, Motta-Santos D, Mendes GDRL, Santos SHS. Nutritional implications in the mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiome, renin-angiotensin system, and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109252. [PMID: 36509338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders represent a significant global health problem and the gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating systemic homeostasis. Recent evidence shows that microbiota and its signaling pathways may affect the whole metabolism and the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), which in turn seems to modify microbiota. The present review aimed to investigate nutritional implications in the mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiome, renin-angiotensin system, and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome components. A description of metabolic changes was obtained based on relevant scientific literature. The molecular and physiological mechanisms that impact the human microbiome were addressed, including the gut microbiota associated with obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. The RAS interaction signaling and modulation were analyzed. Strategies including the use of prebiotics, symbiotics, probiotics, and biotechnology may affect the gut microbiota and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbhara Mota Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy - EEFFTO, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Rocha Lemos Mendes
- Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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8
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Mao ZH, Gao ZX, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Gut microbiota and its metabolites - molecular mechanisms and management strategies in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124704. [PMID: 36742307 PMCID: PMC9896007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is also one of the serious risk factors in cardiovascular events, end-stage renal disease, and mortality. DKD is associated with the diversified, compositional, and functional alterations of gut microbiota. The interaction between gut microbiota and host is mainly achieved through metabolites, which are small molecules produced by microbial metabolism from exogenous dietary substrates and endogenous host compounds. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DKD by producing multitudinous metabolites. Nevertheless, detailed mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites involved in the occurrence and development of DKD have not been completely elucidated. This review summarizes the specific classes of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota in DKD pathophysiology and progression, recognizes biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of DKD, as well as provides novel therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Peng Wu, ; Zhang-Suo Liu,
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Peng Wu, ; Zhang-Suo Liu,
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9
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Mendonça AA, Pinto-Neto WDP, da Paixão GA, Santos DDS, De Morais MA, De Souza RB. Journey of the Probiotic Bacteria: Survival of the Fittest. Microorganisms 2022; 11:95. [PMID: 36677387 PMCID: PMC9861974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to bring a more general view of the technological and biological challenges regarding production and use of probiotic bacteria in promoting human health. After a brief description of the current concepts, the challenges for the production at an industrial level are presented from the physiology of the central metabolism to the ability to face the main forms of stress in the industrial process. Once produced, these cells are processed to be commercialized in suspension or dried forms or added to food matrices. At this stage, the maintenance of cell viability and vitality is of paramount for the quality of the product. Powder products requires the development of strategies that ensure the integrity of components and cellular functions that allow complete recovery of cells at the time of consumption. Finally, once consumed, probiotic cells must face a very powerful set of physicochemical mechanisms within the body, which include enzymes, antibacterial molecules and sudden changes in pH. Understanding the action of these agents and the induction of cellular tolerance mechanisms is fundamental for the selection of increasingly efficient strains in order to survive from production to colonization of the intestinal tract and to promote the desired health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Andrade Mendonça
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Walter de Paula Pinto-Neto
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Giselle Alves da Paixão
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Dayane da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio De Morais
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Barros De Souza
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, Brazil
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10
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Solanki D, Sakure A, Prakash S, Hati S. Characterization of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides produced in fermented camel milk (Indian breed) by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC-15. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3567-3577. [PMID: 35875214 PMCID: PMC9304531 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fermented camel milk provides many health benefits like antidiabetic activity, anti-hypertensive activity etc. Fermented camel milk contains IPP or VPP rich ACE inhibitory peptides. The aim of this study was to spot the novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme inhibitory peptides liberated by the potent proteolytic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC-15 from camel milk (Indian breed). NCDC-15 had exhibited maximum PepX activity (0.655) and ACE-inhibitory activity (78.33%) at 12 and 48 h of incubation at 37 °C respectively. Proteolytic activity was measured using o-phthaldialdehyde method and observed maximum (0.976 OD) at 2% of inoculation for 12 h of incubation at 37 °C. Water soluble extracts derived from fermented camel milk were ultrafiltered through 3 kDa, 5 kDa and 10 kDa membrane filters from which 3 kDa permeates (48.01% peptides production & 49.46% ACE-inhibition) and 10 kDa permeates (55.04% peptides production & 42.40% ACE-inhibition) had shown maximum peptides production and ACE-inhibitory activity. Overall, 24 peptides were identified from the samples of 3 kDa permeates [6 fractions (K1, L1, M1, N1, O1 and P1)] and 10 permeates [5 fractions (S, T, U, V and W)]. Novel peptide (AIGPVADLHI) was matched with k-casein in AHTPDB database and other peptides were also found matched with α and β-caseins of camel milk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05357-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyang Solanki
- Dairy Microbiology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110 India
| | - Amar Sakure
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110 India
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Subrota Hati
- Dairy Microbiology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110 India
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11
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Circulating short-chain fatty acids in hypertension: a reflection of various hypertensive phenotypes. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1589-1596. [PMID: 35881452 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the most common chronic condition globally, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite advances in treatment options, approximately 10% of patients have resistant hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure that does not respond to treatment. The gut microbiome is now increasingly recognized to play a role in the development and pathogenesis of several diseases, including hypertension, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. METHOD The aim of the present study was to investigate circulating levels of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by gut bacteria, in essential ( n = 168) and resistant hypertensive ( n = 27) patients, compared with healthy controls ( n = 38). RESULTS Serum acetate was significantly lower in the resistant hypertensive population, compared with both the normotensive controls and those with essential hypertension (748 ± 89 versus 1335 ± 61 and 1171 ± 22 nmol/ml, P < 0.0001). Acetate was also significantly lower in treated versus untreated hypertensive patients or controls (1112 ± 27 versus 1228 ± 40 and 1327 ± 63 nmol/l, P < 0.01), with this finding more pronounced with increasing number of antihypertensive therapies. In contrast, propionate was lower and butyrate significantly higher in those with essential hypertension compared with controls (propionate: 25.2 ± 7.5 versus 58.6 ± 7.6 nmol/ml, P < 0.0001; butyrate: 46.5 ± 3.5 versus 14.7 ± 9.9 nmol/ml, P < 0.01). A novel and perhaps clinically relevant observation was the significant difference in acetate and propionate levels between patients taking ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers. CONCLUSION The present study has highlighted differences in circulating short-chain fatty acids in different hypertensive phenotypes and a possible influence of drug number and class. Although further research is necessary, this may represent a novel therapeutic target, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension.
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12
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Cardioprotective Peptides from Milk Processing and Dairy Products: From Bioactivity to Final Products including Commercialization and Legislation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091270. [PMID: 35563993 PMCID: PMC9101964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the potential of peptides derived from dairy products preventing cardiovascular disorders, one of the main causes of death worldwide. This review provides an overview of the main cardioprotective effects (assayed in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo) of bioactive peptides derived from different dairy processing methods (fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis) and dairy products (yogurt, cheese, and kefir), as well as the beneficial or detrimental effects of the process of gastrointestinal digestion following oral consumption on the biological activities of dairy-derived peptides. The main literature available on the structure–function relationship of dairy bioactive peptides, such as molecular docking and quantitative structure–activity relationships, and their allergenicity and toxicity will also be covered together with the main legislative frameworks governing the commercialization of these compounds. The current products and companies currently commercializing their products as a source of bioactive peptides will also be summarized, emphasizing the main challenges and opportunities for the industrial exploitation of dairy bioactive peptides in the market of functional food and nutraceuticals.
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13
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xu C, Yu J. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Hypertension Development Induced by Fructose Consumption. Food Funct 2022; 13:1702-1717. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, there has been a dramatic increase in fructose consumption worldwide in parallel with epidemics of metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that excessive fructose consumption...
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14
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Rubak YT, Nuraida L, Iswantini D, Prangdimurti E. Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides in Goat Milk Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Food and Breast Milk. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:46-60. [PMID: 35028573 PMCID: PMC8728504 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity was evaluated in fermented goat milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented foods and breast milk. Furthermore, the potential for ACEI peptides was identified in fermented goat milk with the highest ACEI activity. The proteolytic specificity of LAB was also evaluated. The 2% isolate was inoculated into reconstituted goat milk (11%, w/v), then incubated at 37°C until pH 4.6 was reached. The supernatant produced by centrifugation was analyzed for ACEI activity and total peptide. Viable cell counts of LAB and titratable acidity were also evaluated after fermentation. Peptide identification was carried out using nano liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and potential as an ACEI peptide was carried out based on a literature review. The result revealed that ACEI activity was produced in all samples (20.44%-60.33%). Fermented goat milk of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis BD17 produced the highest ACEI activity (60.33%; IC50 0.297±0.10 mg/mL) after 48 h incubation, viable cell counts >8 Log CFU/mL, and peptide content of 4.037±0.27/mL. A total of 261 peptides were released, predominantly derived from casein (93%). The proteolytic specificity of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis BD17 through cleavage on the amino acid tyrosine, leucine, glutamic acid, and proline. A total of 21 peptides were identified as ACEI peptides. This study showed that one of the isolates from fermented food, namely Lc. lactis ssp. lactis BD17, has the potential as a starter culture for the production of fermented goat milk which has functional properties as a source of antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Tandi Rubak
- Department of Food Science and Technology,
IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB
Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of
Agriculture, Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang,
UNDANA Lasiana Campus, Kelapa Lima, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
85228, Indonesia
| | - Lilis Nuraida
- Department of Food Science and Technology,
IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB
Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural
Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural
University), IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Dyah Iswantini
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University
(Bogor Agricultural University), IPB Dramaga
Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB
University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB
Taman Kencana Campus, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
| | - Endang Prangdimurti
- Department of Food Science and Technology,
IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB
Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural
Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural
University), IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
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15
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Cruz-Casas DE, Aguilar CN, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Chávez-González ML, Flores-Gallegos AC. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation: The most favorable biotechnological methods for the release of bioactive peptides. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100047. [PMID: 35415659 PMCID: PMC8991988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptide release methods influence its bioactivity by generating different sequences. The absorption, toxicity and taste of peptides is influenced by the production method. The most used methods are enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. The most used methods are biotechnological and differ in their process.
Bioactive peptides are biomolecules derived from proteins. They contain anywhere from 2 to 20 amino acids and have different bioactivities. For example, they have antihypertensive activity, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, etc. However, bioactive peptides are encrypted and inactive in the parental protein, so it is necessary to release them to show their bioactivity. For this, there are different methods, where biotechnological methods are highly favorable, highlighting enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. The choice of the method to be used depends on different factors, which is why it is essential to know about the process, its principle, and its advantages and disadvantages. The process of peptide release is critical to generate various peptide sequences, which will produce different biological effects in the hydrolysate. This review focuses on providing extensive information on the enzymatic method and microbial fermentation to facilitate selecting the method that provides the most benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Elisa Cruz-Casas
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Adriana C Flores-Gallegos
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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Kasti AN, Synodinou KD, Pyrousis IA, Nikolaki MD, Triantafyllou KD. Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2376. [PMID: 34835501 PMCID: PMC8624812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system as a response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Many studies have revealed various regulators of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, while it has been recently shown that NLRP3 is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. At the same time, probiotics counteract the inflammatory process and modulate cytokine release, thus influencing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Herein, we review the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics on the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the use of probiotic bacteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection management, presenting evidence from preclinical studies of the last decade: in vivo, ex vivo, and mixed trials. Data show that probiotics intake is related to NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and lower levels of inflammation markers, highlighting the beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammatory conditions. Currently, none of the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics intake in humans with COVID-19 has been completed. However, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through their metabolites, bacteriocins, and their ability to block Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. In this review, the beneficial effects of probiotics in the inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation are presented. Furthermore, probiotics may target SARS-CoV-2 both by blocking virus invasion and replication and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Heterogeneity of the results-due to, among others, different bacterial strains and their metabolites, forms, dosage, and experimental designs-indicates the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Kalliopi D. Synodinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Ioannis A. Pyrousis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Konstantinos D. Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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17
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Jaworska K, Koper M, Ufnal M. Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G355-G366. [PMID: 34405730 PMCID: PMC8486428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00099.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a potent biological modulator of many physiological and pathological states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the local gastrointestinal RAS (GI RAS), emerges as a potential mediator of microbiota-related effects. The RAS is involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis, water-electrolyte balance, intestinal absorption, glycemic control, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and aging-related processes. Ample evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the microbiome and RAS. On the one hand, gut bacteria and their metabolites may modulate GI and systemic RAS. On the other hand, changes in the intestinal habitat caused by alterations in RAS may shape microbiota metabolic activity and composition. Notably, the pharmacodynamic effects of the RAS-targeted therapies may be in part mediated by the intestinal RAS and changes in the microbiome. This review summarizes studies on gut microbiota and RAS physiology. Expanding the research on this topic may lay the foundation for new therapeutic paradigms in gastrointestinal diseases and multiple systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Jaworska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koper
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang G, Sadiq FA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Sang Y. Probiotics in the dairy industry-Advances and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3937-3982. [PMID: 33938124 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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19
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Muhialdin BJ, Zawawi N, Abdull Razis AF, Bakar J, Zarei M. Antiviral activity of fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria towards respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. Food Control 2021; 127:108140. [PMID: 33867696 PMCID: PMC8036130 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19, a viral outbreak calls for a high demand for non-conventional antiviral agents that can reduce the risk of infections and promote fast recovery. Fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria have recently received increasing interest due to the reported potential of high antiviral activity. Several probiotics strains demonstrated broad range of antiviral activities and different mechanisms of action. This article will review the diversity, health benefits, interaction with immune system and antiviral activity of fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms of action will be reviewed to determine the broad range potential antiviral activity against the respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The probiotics bacteria and bioactive compounds in fermented foods demonstrated antiviral activities against respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The mechanism of action was reported to be due to the stimulation of the immune system function via enhancing natural killers cell toxicity, enhance the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the cytotoxic of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD16+, CD56+). However, further studies are highly recommended to determine the potential antiviral activity for traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal J Muhialdin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Bakar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Yang W, Hao X, Zhang X, Zhang G, Li X, Liu L, Sun Y, Pan Y. Identification of antioxidant peptides from cheddar cheese made with Lactobacillus helveticus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Odutayo OE, Omonigbehin EA, Olawole TD, Ogunlana OO, Afolabi IS. Fermentation Enhanced Biotransformation of Compounds in the Kernel of Chrysophyllum albidum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246021. [PMID: 33352625 PMCID: PMC7768532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysophyllum albidum Linn (African star apple) is a fruit with extensive nutritional and medicinal benefits. The fruit and kernel in the seed are both edible. Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented seeds and assessed for probiotic characteristics. The extracts in both the unfermented and the fermented aqueous extracts from the kernels obtained from the seeds of C. albidum were subjected to analysis using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. This analysis identified the bioactive compounds present as possible substrate(s) for the associated organisms inducing the fermentation and the resultant biotransformed products formed. Three potential probiotic LAB strains identified as Lactococcus raffinolactis (ProbtA1), Lactococcus lactis (ProbtA2a), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (ProbtA2b) were isolated from the fermented C. albidum seeds. All strains were non hemolytic, which indicated their safety, Probt (A1, A2a, and A2b) grew in an acidic environment (pH 3.5) during the 48-h incubation time, and all three strains grew in 1% bile, and exhibited good hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation properties. Mucin binding proteins was not detected in any strain, and bile salt hydrolase was detected in all the strains. l-lactic acid (28.57%), norharman (5.07%), formyl 7E-hexadecenoate (1.73%), and indole (1.51%) were the four major constituents of the fermented kernel of the C. albidum, while 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (C1, 1.27%), 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (C2, 2.90%), indole (C3, 1.31%), norharman (C4, 3.01%), and methyl petroselinate (C5, 4.33%) were the five major constituents of the unfermented kernels. The isolated LAB are safe for consumption. The fermenting process metabolized C1, C2, and C5, which are possible starter cultures for the growth of probiotics. Fermentation is an essential tool for bioengineering molecules in foods into safe and health beneficial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatofunmi E. Odutayo
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Omonigbehin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria;
| | - Tolulope D. Olawole
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Olubanke O. Ogunlana
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Israel S. Afolabi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota 100122, Nigeria; (O.E.O.); (T.D.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +234-803-392-3264
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22
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Guo H, Hao Y, Richel A, Everaert N, Chen Y, Liu M, Yang X, Ren G. Antihypertensive effect of quinoa protein under simulated gastrointestinal digestion and peptide characterization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5569-5576. [PMID: 32608025 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa protein is a potential source of bioactive peptides. Although some studies have demonstrated its angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties, research into its in vivo effect on blood-pressure regulation and peptide characterization remains limited. RESULTS Quinoa protein hydrolyzate (QPH) was prepared by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. QPH lowered the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs) from 2 h to10 h after oral administration, effectively controlling blood pressure in these SHRs. An in vitro study showed that QPH is capable of inhibiting ACE activity. This was attributed to the activity of a number of low-molecular-weight peptides. With relatively high scores predicted by PeptideRanker, three promising bioactive peptides, FHPFPR, NWFPLPR, and NIFRPF, were further studied and their ACE-inhibition effects were confirmed with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.77, and 32.40 μM, respectively. A molecular docking study provided insights into the binding of ACE with peptides, and revealed that the presence of specific amino acids in the peptide sequence (Pro, Phe, and Arg at the C-terminal, and Asn at the N-terminal) could contribute to the interaction between ACE and peptides. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the potential of QPH for the management of hypertension, which indicates that it could be a good candidate for inclusion in functional foods to control high blood pressure. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aurore Richel
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yinhuan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Chai KF, Voo AYH, Chen WN. Bioactive peptides from food fermentation: A comprehensive review of their sources, bioactivities, applications, and future development. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3825-3885. [PMID: 33337042 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are specific protein fragments that exert various beneficial effects on human bodies and ultimately influence health, depending on their structural properties and amino acid composition and sequences. By offering promising solutions to solve diverse health issues, the production, characterization, and applications of food-derived BPs have drawn great interest in the current literature and are of particular interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries. The microbial fermentation of protein from various sources is indubitably a novel way to produce BPs with numerous beneficial health effects. Apart from its lower cost as compared to enzymes, the BPs produced from microbial fermentation can be purified without further hydrolysis. Despite these features, current literature shows dearth of information on the BPs produced from food via microbial fermentation. Hence, there is a strong necessity to explore the BPs obtained from food fermentation for the development of commercial nutraceuticals and functional foods. As such, this review focuses on the production of BPs from different food sources, including the extensively studied milk and milk products, with emphasis on microbial fermentation. The structure-activity (antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, opiate-like, anti-inflammatory, anticancer/antiproliferative, antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, and mineral binding) relationship, potential applications, future development, and challenges of BPs obtained from food fermentation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Fei Chai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Amanda Ying Hui Voo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Parastouei K, Saeidipoor S, Sepandi M, Abbaszadeh S, Taghdir M. Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in military personnel: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 168:362-367. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a set of risk factors for chronic diseases including abdominal obesity, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), altered lipid profile and elevated blood pressure (BP). Due to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its complications in the military personnel, the relevant problems should be identified and controlled. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of synbiotic supplements on the components of metabolic syndrome in the military personnel with metabolic syndrome.MethodologySixty military personnel with metabolic syndrome were included in this double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. During the intervention, they were asked to consume one capsule of synbiotic supplement or placebo per day for 8 weeks. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, BP, FBG and lipid profile were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsThe results of the study showed that the synbiotic supplementation had a large significant adjusted effect on the BMI (Cohen’s d=0.82 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.34)). It also had a medium significant adjusted effect on the FBG (Cohen’s d=0.52 (95% CI 0.004 to 1.03)) as well as triglyceride (Cohen’s d=0.65 (95% CI 0.13 to 1.17)).ConclusionFindings of the study revealed that synbiotic supplementation may lead to a significant improvement in the BMI, triglyceride and FBG levels in the military personnel. Thus, consumption of synbiotic supplements is recommended as an adjuvant therapy in the military personnel with metabolic syndrome.
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Min Z, Yunyun J, Miao C, Zhennai Y. Characterization and ACE Inhibitory Activity of Fermented Milk with Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum K25 as Analyzed by GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:903-911. [PMID: 32160695 PMCID: PMC9728348 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Addition of probiotics to yogurt with desired health benefits is gaining increasing attention. To further understand the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality and function of fermented milk, probiotic fermented milk (PFM) made with probiotic L. plantarum K25 and yogurt starter (L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) was compared with the control fermented milk (FM) made with only the yogurt starter. The probiotic strain was shown to survive well with a viable count of 7.1 ± 0.1 log CFU/g in the PFM sample after 21 days of storage at 4°C. The strain was shown to promote formation of volatiles such as acetoin and 2,3-butanediol with milk fragrance, and it did not cause post-acidification during refrigerated storage. Metabolomics analysis by GC-MS datasets coupled with multivariate statistical analysis showed that addition of L. plantarum K25 increased formation of over 20 metabolites detected in fermented milk, among which γ-aminobutyric acid was the most prominent. Together with several other metabolites with relatively high levels in fermented milk such as glyceric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycine, alanine, ribose, and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, they might play important roles in the probiotic function of L. plantarum K25. Further assay of the bioactivity of the PFM sample showed significant (p < 0.05) increase of ACE inhibitory activity from 22.3% at day 1 to 49.3% at day 21 of the refrigerated storage. Therefore, probiotic L. plantarum K25 could be explored for potential application in functional dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Min
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 00048, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yunyun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 00048, P.R. China,Mengniu Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cai Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 00048, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhennai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 00048, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +13717785167 E-mail:
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26
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Clinical Trials of Probiotic Strains in Selected Disease Entities. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8854119. [PMID: 32565816 PMCID: PMC7292209 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8854119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Although their mechanism of action is not clearly explained, it is known that they positively modulate the immune system, which leads to immunity potentiation. A number of studies prove that probiotics strengthen cognitive functions, reduce anxiety, and regulate the lipid metabolism in the human body. Probiotics used in humans are most often of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. However, as more research is conducted, new species with beneficial, probiotic properties are being discovered. This paper provides a review of available information about the influence of probiotics on human health. It summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanism of action of probiotics as well as clinical trial results proving their efficacy in allergic, neurodegenerative, and cardiac diseases. This review also discusses the data concerning the safety of probiotics in clinical treatment.
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27
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Rubak YT, Nuraida L, Iswantini D, Prangdimurti E. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in milk fermented by indigenous lactic acid bacteria. Vet World 2020; 13:345-353. [PMID: 32255978 PMCID: PMC7096298 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.345-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fermented milk can be used to produce antihypertensive peptides. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with its proteolytic system hydrolyze milk protein during fermentation to produce several peptides, which include antihypertensive bioactive peptides. This study aimed to investigate the ability of indigenous LAB for the production of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides in fermented milk and to characterize the ACEI peptides. Materials and Methods: Reconstituted milk (11%) inoculated with ten LAB isolates, and then incubated at 37°C until it reaches pH 4.6. The evaluation was carried out for LAB count, lactic acid concentration, peptide content, and ACE-I activity. The low molecular weight (MW) peptides (<3 kDa) were identified using Nano LC Ultimate 3000 series system Tandem Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: The result showed that the ten LAB isolates were able to produce ACE-I in fermented milk with the activities in the range of 22.78±2.55-57.36±5.40%. The activity of ACE-I above 50% produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii BD7, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis BD17, and Lactobacillus kefiri YK4 and JK17, with the highest activity of ACE-I produced by L. kefiri YK4 (IC50 0.261 mg/mL) and L. kefiri JK17 (IC50 0.308 mg/mL). Results of peptide identification showed that L. kefiri YK 4 could release as many as 1329, while L. kefiri JK 17 could release 174 peptides. The peptides produced were 95% derived from casein. The other peptides were from ά-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and serum amyloid A. The peptides produced consisted of 6-19 amino acid residues, with MWs of 634-2079 Dalton and detected at 317-1093 m/z. A total of 30 peptides have been recognized based on literature searches as ACE-I peptides (sequence similarity: 100%). Conclusion: L. kefiri YK4 and JK17 are the potential to be used as starter cultures to produce the bioactive peptide as ACE-I in fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Tandi Rubak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Study Program, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lilis Nuraida
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Study Program, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia.,Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Iswantini
- Department of Chemistry; and Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Endang Prangdimurti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Study Program, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
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28
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Chamata Y, Watson KA, Jauregi P. Whey-Derived Peptides Interactions with ACE by Molecular Docking as a Potential Predictive Tool of Natural ACE Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E864. [PMID: 32013233 PMCID: PMC7036835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several milk/whey derived peptides possess high in vitro angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. However, in some cases, poor correlation between the in vitro ACE inhibitory activity and the in vivo antihypertensive activity has been observed. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the structure-activity relationship of peptide sequences present in whey/milk protein hydrolysates with high ACE inhibitory activity, which could lead to a better understanding and prediction of their in vivo antihypertensive activity. The potential interactions between peptides produced from whey proteins, previously reported as high ACE inhibitors such as IPP, LIVTQ, IIAE, LVYPFP, and human ACE were assessed using a molecular docking approach. The results show that peptides IIAE, LIVTQ, and LVYPFP formed strong H bonds with the amino acids Gln 259, His 331, and Thr 358 in the active site of the human ACE. Interestingly, the same residues were found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the ACE inhibitory drug Sampatrilat. Furthermore, peptides IIAE and LVYPFP interacted with the amino acid residues Gln 259 and His 331, respectively, also in common with other ACE-inhibitory drugs such as Captopril, Lisinopril and Elanapril. Additionally, IIAE interacted with the amino acid residue Asp 140 in common with Lisinopril, and LIVTQ interacted with Ala 332 in common with both Lisinopril and Elanapril. The peptides produced naturally from whey by enzymatic hydrolysis interacted with residues of the human ACE in common with potent ACE-inhibitory drugs which suggests that these natural peptides may be potent ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Chamata
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Kimberly A. Watson
- Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Paula Jauregi
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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29
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Xavier-Santos D, Bedani R, Lima ED, Saad SMI. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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30
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31
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Moosmang S, Siltari A, Bolzer MT, Kiechl S, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Development, validation, and application of a fast, simple, and robust SPE-based LC-MS/MS method for quantification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibiting tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro, Ile-Pro-Pro, and Leu-Pro-Pro in yoghurt and other fermented dairy products. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Xiang H, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GI, Cui C, Ruan Z. Fermentation-enabled wellness foods: A fresh perspective. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Highly proteolytic bacteria from semi-ripened Chiapas cheese elicit angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Li S, Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, He G, Wu J. Preparation, Bioavailability, and Mechanism of Emerging Activities of Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1097-1110. [PMID: 33337010 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are two most well-known food-derived bioactive peptides, initially identified as inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from a sample of sour milk. These two peptides were identified in fermented and enzymatic hydrolyzed cow and non-cow (that is, goat, sheep, buffalo, yak, camel, mare, and donkey) milk, as well as sourdough prepared from wheat, rye, and malt. Similar to other bioactive peptides, bioavailability of these peptides is low (about 0.1%), reaching picomolar concentration in human plasma; they showed blood pressure lowering activity in animals and in human, via improved endothelial function, activation of ACE2, and anti-inflammatory property. Emerging bioactivities of these two peptides toward against metabolic syndrome and bone-protection received limited attention, but may open up new applications of these peptides as functional food ingredients. Further studies are warranted to determine the best source as well as to identify novel enzymes (particularly from traditional fermented milk products) to improve the efficiency of production, to characterize possible peptide receptors using a combination of omics technology with molecular methods to understand if these two peptides act as signal-like molecules, to improve their bioavailability, and to explore new applications based on emerging bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guoqing He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Wu N, Xu W, Liu K, Xia Y, Shuangquan. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 fermented milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5913-5921. [PMID: 31030932 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides were isolated and identified from milk fermented using Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306. The peptide with the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (C5) was purified using ultrafiltration with 10 and 3 kDa molecular mass cut-off membranes, Sephadex G-15 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) gel filtration chromatography, reversed-phase HPLC, and Orbitrap Elite (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We obtained peptide LPYPY by microbial fermentation, which was derived from κ-casein f (AA 77-81). We synthesized LPYPY using an Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method and explored the secondary structure of the pentapeptide. The half maximal inhibitory concentration for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of LPYPY was 12.87 μg/mL. The results provide additional information for ongoing research and the development of functional foods having antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihan Xu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangling Liu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xia
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Gallo M, Nigro F, Passannanti F, Nanayakkara M, Lania G, Parisi F, Salameh D, Budelli A, Barone MV, Nigro R. Effect of pH control during rice fermentation in preventing a gliadin P31-43 entrance in epithelial cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:950-958. [PMID: 30969137 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1599827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease is an increasingly recognised pathology, induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed patients. Undigested gliadin peptide can induce adaptive and innate immune response that unleash the typical intestinal mucosal alterations. A growing attention is paid to alternative therapeutic approaches to the gluten-free diet: one of these approaches is the use of probiotics and/or postbiotics. We performed lactic fermentation of rice flour with and without pH control, using Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 as fermenting strain. We evaluated bacterial growth, lactic acid production during fermentation and gliadin peptide P31-43 entrance in CaCo-2 cells with and without pH control. When pH control was applied no differences were observed in terms of bacterial growth; on the contrary, lactic acid production was greater, as expected. Both samples could inhibit the P31-43 entrance in CaCo-2 cells but the effect was significantly greater for samples obtained when the pH control was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Gallo
- DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,Engineering Department, University of Rome Niccolò Cusano , Rome , Italy
| | - Federica Nigro
- Engineering Department, University of Rome Niccolò Cusano , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, DISMET, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID) , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuliana Lania
- Department of Translational Medical Science, DISMET, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID) , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Dana Salameh
- DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, DISMET, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID) , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberto Nigro
- DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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38
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Solanki D, Hati S. Considering the potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus for producing Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in fermented camel milk (Indian breed). FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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Felician FF, Xia C, Qi W, Xu H. Collagen from Marine Biological Sources and Medical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma Felix Felician
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Qi
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
- Department of Marine Pharmacy; College of Life Science and Technology; P. R. China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
- Department of Marine Pharmacy; College of Life Science and Technology; P. R. China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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ABD EL-SALAM MH, EL-SHİBİNY S. Fermente Süt Ürünlerinin Kan Basıncını Düşürücü Etkisi. AKADEMIK GIDA 2018; 16:67-77. [DOI: 10.24323/akademik-gida.417892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular
diseases. Therefore, there is a need to lower blood pressure (BP) to reduce the
risk of these degenerative diseases. Fermented milks contain several potential
factors that can lower BP including calcium and microbial metabolites
particularly the angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides and
γ-aminobutyric acid. Animal studies
clearly demonstrated the BP lowering effect of fermented milk while results
from clinical trials were controversial due to a large number of variables that
should be considered in clinical trials. An overview on the antihypertensive effect
of fermented milk products is presented and discussed in this review.
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Rai AK, Sanjukta S, Jeyaram K. Production of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides during milk fermentation and their role in reducing hypertension. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2789-2800. [PMID: 26463100 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1068736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fermented milk is a potential source of various biologically active peptides with specific health benefits. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides are one of the most studied bioactive peptides produced during milk fermentation. The presence of these peptides is reported in various fermented milk products such as, yoghurt, cheese, sour milk, etc., which are also available as commercial products. Many of the ACE-I peptides formed during milk fermentation are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the rennin angiotension system (RAS). There are various factors, which affect the formation ACE-I peptides and their ability to reach the target tissue in active form, which includes type of starters (lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, etc.), substrate composition (casein type, whey protein, etc.), composition of ACE-I peptide, pre and post-fermentation treatments, and its stability during gastrointestinal digestion. The antihypertensive effect of fermented milk products has also been proved by various in vitro and in vivo (animal and human trials) experiments. This paper reviews the literature on fermented milk products as a source of ACE-I peptides and various factors affecting the production and activity of ACE-I peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Rai
- a Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre , Sikkim , India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- b Microbial Resource Division , Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development , Manipur , India
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Lu CC, Ma KL, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Intestinal dysbiosis activates renal renin-angiotensin system contributing to incipient diabetic nephropathy. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:816-822. [PMID: 30008592 PMCID: PMC6036087 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.25543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable interest nowadays has focused on gut microbiota owing to their pleiotropic roles in human health and diseases. This intestinal community can arouse a variety of activities in the host and function as "a microbial organ" by generating bioactive metabolites and participating in a series of metabolism-dependent pathways. Alternations in the composition of gut microbiota, referred to as intestinal dysbiosis, are reportedly associated with several diseases, especially diabetes mellitus and its complications. Here we focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the latter is one of the major causes of chronic kidney diseases. The activation of renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical factor to the onset of DN, and emerging data has demonstrated a provoking and mediating role of gut microbiota for this system in the context of metabolic diseases. The purpose of the current review is to highlight some research updates about the underlying interplay between gut microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of DN, along with exploring innovative approaches to targeting this intestinal community as a therapeutic perspective in clinical management of DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiong Zhong Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Campus, UK
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria are members of the intestinal microbiota of mammals and other animals, and some strains are able to exert health-promoting effects. The genus Bifidobacterium belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in the human intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being predominant in adults, and Actinobacteria in breast-fed infants, where bifidobacteria can reach levels higher than 90% of the total bacterial population. They are among the first microbial colonizers of the intestines of newborns, and play key roles in the development of their physiology, including maturation of the immune system and use of dietary components. Indeed, some nutrients, such as human milk oligosaccharides, are important drivers of bifidobacterial development. Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered probiotic microorganisms because of their beneficial effects, and they have been included as bioactive ingredients in functional foods, mainly dairy products, as well as in food supplements and pharma products, alone, or together with, other microbes or microbial substrates. Well-documented scientific evidence of their activities is currently available for bifidobacteria-containing preparations in some intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. In this review, we focus on the role of bifidobacteria as members of the human intestinal microbiota and their use as probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease.
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Moreno-Montoro M, Olalla-Herrera M, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Martínez RG, Miralles B, Bergillos T, Navarro-Alarcón M, Jauregi P. Antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of fermented goat milk: activity and physicochemical property relationship of the peptide components. Food Funct 2017; 8:2783-2791. [PMID: 28702643 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on goat milk and the health benefits of its derived products beyond its nutritional value show its potential as a functional food. In this study, goat milk fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using different methods (ORAC, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP), as well as their angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial (against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus) activities. Different whey fractions (whey, cation exchange membrane permeate P and retentate R) of two fermented skimmed goat milks (ultrafiltered goat milk fermented with the classical starter bacteria or with the classical starter plus the Lactobacillus plantarum C4 probiotic strain) were assessed. Additionally, P fractions were divided into two sub-fractions after being passed through a 3 kDa cut-off membrane: (a) the permeate with peptides of MW <3 kDa (P < 3); and (b) the retentate with peptides and proteins of MW >3 kDa (P > 3). No differences in biological activities were observed between the two fermented milks. However, the biological peptides present in the P < 3 fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (for the ORAC assay) and angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory activity. Those present in the R fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity against ABTS˙+ and DPPH˙ radicals. Some antimicrobial activity against E. coli was observed for the fermented milk containing the probiotic, which could be due to some peptides being released by the probiotic strain. In conclusion, small and non-basic bioactive peptides could be responsible for most of the angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. These findings reinforce the potential benefits of the consumption of fermented goat milk in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Moreno-Montoro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - José Ángel Rufián-Henares
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Triana Bergillos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Miguel Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Jauregi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Kengne AP, Mobarhan MG, Ferns GA. Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S150-S157. [PMID: 26916014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome contributes approximately 2kg of the whole body weight, and recent studies suggest that gut microbiota has a profound effect on human metabolism, potentially contributing to several features of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of metabolic disorders that include central adiposity with visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia and non-optimal blood pressure levels. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that around 20-25 percent of the world's adult population has metabolic syndrome. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the existing data linking gut microbiome with metabolic syndrome. Existing evidence from studies both in animals and humans support a link between gut microbiome and various components of metabolic syndrome. Possible pathways include involvement with energy homeostasis and metabolic processes, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, interferences with the immune system, and interference with the renin-angiotensin system. Modification of gut microbiota via prebiotics, probiotics or other dietary interventions has provided evidence to support a possible beneficial effect of interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation to treat components or complications of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, China
| | - Peyman Rezaie
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Rm 342, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK
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Ha GE, Chang OK, Jo SM, Han GS, Park BY, Ham JS, Jeong SG. Identification of Antihypertensive Peptides Derived from Low Molecular Weight Casein Hydrolysates Generated during Fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:738-47. [PMID: 26877633 PMCID: PMC4726953 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.6.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was evaluated for the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) obtained from milk fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC91563. The ACE inhibitory activity in this fraction was 62.3%. The peptides generated from the <3 kDa fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Of the 28 peptides identified, 11 and 16 were identified as β-casein (CN) and αs1-CN, respectively. One peptide was identified as κ-CN. Three peptides, YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, QEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, and GPVRGPFPIIV, from β-CN corresponded to known antihypertensive peptides. We also found 15 peptides that were identified as potential antihypertensive peptides because they included a known antihypertensive peptide fragment. These peptides were as follows: RELEELNVPGEIVE (f1-14), YQEPVLGPVRGPFP (f193-206), EPVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f195-206), PVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f196-206), VLGPVRGPFPIIV (f197-206), and LGPVRGPFPIIV (f198-206) for β-CN; and APSFSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f176-199), SFSDIPNPIGSENSEKT- TMPLW (f178-199), FSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f179-199), SDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f180-199), DIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f181-199), IPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f182-199), PIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f185-199), IGSENSEKTTMPLW (f186-199), and SENSEKTTMPLW (f188-199) for αs1-CN. From these results, B. longum could be used as a starter culture in combination with other lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, and/or these peptides could be used in functional food manufacturing as additives for the development of a product with beneficial effects for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Eun Ha
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Oun Ki Chang
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea; Imported Food Analysis Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Gwangju 61012, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Jo
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Gi-Sung Han
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Beom-Young Park
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Ham
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Jeong
- Animal Products Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
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Hypertension parameters are attenuated by the continuous consumption of probiotic Minas cheese. Food Res Int 2015; 76:611-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Pa’ee KF, Gibson T, Marakilova B, Jauregi P. Production of acid whey hydrolysates applying an integrative process: Effect of calcium on process performance. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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