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Yörük E, Danışman Z, Pekmez M, Yli-Mattila T. Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on Fusarium graminearum. Pathogens 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38787247 PMCID: PMC11123720 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on Fusarium graminearum. (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC75, IC50, and IC25) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by CAT expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by tri6 expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC75, IC50 and IC25 values were detected at 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, and 0.125 mg mL-1. In WST-1 assays, significant decreases (p < 0.001) were detected. Genomic template stability (GTS) related to methylation differences ranged from 94.60% to 96.30%. Percentage polymorphism for HapII/MspI values were as 9.1%/15.8%. CAT (oxidative stress-related catalase) and tri6 (zinc finger motif transcription factor) gene expressions were recorded between 5.29 ± 0.74 and 0.46 ± 0.10 (p < 0.05). Increased catalase activity was detected (p < 0.05) by spectrophotometric assays. DCF-DA-stained (oxidative stressed) cells were increased in response to increased concentrations, and there were no significant changes in WLR values. It was concluded that CSO showed strong antifungal activity on F. graminearum via different physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Danışman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
- Programme of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Perfume Guns: Potential of Yeast Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biological Control of Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15010045. [PMID: 36668865 PMCID: PMC9866025 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi in the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Gloeosporium, Monilinia, Mucor, Penicillium, and Rhizopus are the most common cause of pre- and postharvest diseases of fruit, vegetable, root and grain commodities. Some species are also able to produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites having toxic effects on human and non-human animals upon ingestion of contaminated food and feed. Synthetic fungicides still represent the most common tool to control these pathogens. However, long-term application of fungicides has led to unacceptable pollution and may favour the selection of fungicide-resistant mutants. Microbial biocontrol agents may reduce the incidence of toxigenic fungi through a wide array of mechanisms, including competition for the ecological niche, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, and the induction of resistance in the host plant tissues. In recent years, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been proposed as a key mechanism of biocontrol. Their bioactivity and the absence of residues make the use of microbial VOCs a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic fungicides in the management of postharvest pathogens, particularly in airtight environments. In this review, we will focus on the possibility of applying yeast VOCs in the biocontrol of mycotoxigenic fungi affecting stored food and feed.
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Toxigenicity of F. graminearum Residing on Host Plants Alternative to Wheat as Influenced by Environmental Conditions. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080541. [PMID: 36006203 PMCID: PMC9414964 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in several cereal crops worldwide. The potential of this pathogen to contaminate cereals with trichothecene mycotoxins presents a health risk for both humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different trichothecene genotypes of F. graminearum isolated from an alternative host plant to produce mycotoxins under different spring wheat grain incubation conditions. Fourteen F. graminearum strains were isolated from seven alternative host plants and identified as 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) genotypes. These strains were cultivated on spring wheat grains at 25 °C and 29 °C for 5 weeks. The mycotoxins produced were analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) coupled to a Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantiva MS/MS detector. The obtained results showed that the F. graminearum strains from alternative host plants could produce nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), 3-ADON, deoxynivalenol-3-ß-d-glucoside (D3G), 15-ADON, and zearalenone (ZEA). F. graminearum strains produced DON and ZEA under both temperatures, with the mean concentrations varying from 363 to 112,379 µg kg−1 and from 1452 to 44,816 µg kg−1, respectively. Our results indicated the possible role of dicotyledonous plants, including weeds, as a reservoir of inoculum sources of F. graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight, associated with the risk of mycotoxin contamination in spring wheat.
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Del Ponte EM, Moreira GM, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K, Nicolli CP, Machado FJ, Duffeck MR, Alves KS, Tessmann DJ, Waalwijk C, van der Lee T, Zhang H, Chulze SN, Stenglein SA, Pan D, Vero S, Vaillancourt LJ, Schmale DG, Esker PD, Moretti A, Logrieco AF, Kistler HC, Bergstrom GC, Viljoen A, Rose LJ, van Coller GJ, Lee T. Fusarium graminearum Species Complex: A Bibliographic Analysis and Web-Accessible Database for Global Mapping of Species and Trichothecene Toxin Chemotypes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:741-751. [PMID: 34491796 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0277-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is ranked among the five most destructive fungal pathogens that affect agroecosystems. It causes floral diseases in small grain cereals including wheat, barley, and oats, as well as maize and rice. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies reporting species within the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) and created two main data tables. The first contained summarized data from the articles including bibliographic, geographic, methodological (ID methods), host of origin and species, while the second data table contains information about the described strains such as publication, isolate code(s), host/substrate, year of isolation, geographical coordinates, species and trichothecene genotype. Analyses of the bibliographic data obtained from 123 publications from 2000 to 2021 by 498 unique authors and published in 40 journals are summarized. We describe the frequency of species and chemotypes for 16,274 strains for which geographical information was available, either provided as raw data or extracted from the publications, and sampled across six continents and 32 countries. The database and interactive interface are publicly available, allowing for searches, summarization, and mapping of strains according to several criteria including article, country, host, species and trichothecene genotype. The database will be updated as new articles are published and should be useful for guiding future surveys and exploring factors associated with species distribution such as climate and land use. Authors are encouraged to submit data at the strain level to the database, which is accessible at https://fgsc.netlify.app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Gláucia M Moreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Todd J Ward
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria 61604, U.S.A
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria 61604, U.S.A
| | - Camila P Nicolli
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Franklin J Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Maíra R Duffeck
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Kaique S Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Dauri J Tessmann
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Biointeractions & Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van der Lee
- Biointeractions & Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800 Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Buenos Aires, 7300, Argentina
| | - Dinorah Pan
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Vero
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lisa J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061-0390, U.S.A
| | - Paul D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Moretti
- National Research Council of Research, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council of Research, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H Corby Kistler
- Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, St. Paul 55108, U.S.A
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-5904, U.S.A
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lindy J Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Gert J van Coller
- Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
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Chtioui W, Balmas V, Delogu G, Migheli Q, Oufensou S. Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:72. [PMID: 35202101 PMCID: PMC8875213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors' efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chtioui
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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6
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Peng Z, Feng W, Cai G, Wu D, Lu J. Enhancement Effect of Chitosan Coating on Inhibition of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation by Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Emulsion during Malting. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123051. [PMID: 34945601 PMCID: PMC8701872 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the enhancement effect of chitosan coating on inhibition of deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation by Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion during malting. Firstly, the primary emulsion suitable for malting process was screened and the improvement effect of chitosan coating on the properties of primary emulsion was studied. On this basis, chitosan-based Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion was applied to malting processing. The results showed that the primary emulsion of Litsea cubeba essential oil had good antifungal properties and a minimal effect on the germinability of barley compared with other primary emulsions. The addition of chitosan can improve the physical stability and antifungal ability of the emulsion and reduce the effect of the emulsion on barley germination. When 100 g of chitosan-based Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion (40 mg/g) was applied to the malting process, the germination rate of barley was 87.7% and the DON concentration of finished malt was reduced to 690 μg/kg, which was 20.9% lower than that of the control. Meanwhile, the other indexes of malt produced by secondary emulsion treatment (after adding chitosan) increased significantly compared with those of malt produced by primary emulsion. This study was of great significance for the application of emulsion to inhibit the accumulation of mycotoxin during malting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcong Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.P.); (W.F.); (G.C.); (D.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 99 Wanshou Road, Rugao 226500, China
| | - Wenxu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.P.); (W.F.); (G.C.); (D.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 99 Wanshou Road, Rugao 226500, China
| | - Guolin Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.P.); (W.F.); (G.C.); (D.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 99 Wanshou Road, Rugao 226500, China
| | - Dianhui Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.P.); (W.F.); (G.C.); (D.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 99 Wanshou Road, Rugao 226500, China
| | - Jian Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.P.); (W.F.); (G.C.); (D.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 99 Wanshou Road, Rugao 226500, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Oufensou S, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Balmas V, Azara E, Carta P, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Molecular Docking and Comparative Inhibitory Efficacy of Naturally Occurring Compounds on Vegetative Growth and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium culmorum. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110759. [PMID: 34822543 PMCID: PMC8623340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum causes Fusarium head blight in cereals, resulting in yield loss and contamination of the grain by type B trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), and its acetylated derivatives. Synthesis of trichothecenes is driven by a trichodiene synthase (TRI5) that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to trichodiene. In this work, 15 naturally occurring compounds that belong to the structural phenol and hydroxylated biphenyl classes were tested in vitro and in planta (durum wheat) to determine their inhibitory activity towards TRI5. In vitro analysis highlighted the fungicidal effect of these compounds when applied at 0.25 mM. Greenhouse assays showed a strong inhibitory activity of octyl gallate 5, honokiol 13 and the combination propyl gallate 4 + thymol 7 on trichothecene biosynthesis. Docking analyses were run on the 3D model of F. culmorum TRI5 containing the inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) or FPP. Significant ligand affinities with TRI-PPi and TRI-FPP were observed for the same sites for almost all compounds, with 1 and 2 as privileged sites. Octyl gallate 5 and honokiol 13 interacted almost exclusively with sites 1 and 2, by concurrently activating strong H-bonds with common sets of amino acids. These results open new perspectives for the targeted search of naturally occurring compounds that may find practical application in the eco-friendly control of FHB in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Paola Carta
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
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Simultaneous quantitation of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of DON-producing Fusarium species in Chinese wheat based on duplex droplet digital PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 190:106319. [PMID: 34480973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens within Fusarium species are the primary agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, which bring about yield reduction and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and are of great concern worldwide. DON-producing Fusarium species can be classified into 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotypes according to the trichothecene metabolites they produce. The detection of these two chemotypes of pathogens is paramount to the successful implementation of disease management strategies and pathogen-related DON forecasting models. In this study, a duplex droplet digital PCR (duplex ddPCR) assay was developed that allowed for the simultaneous quantitation of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of DON-producing Fusarium species. The assay specificity was tested against 30 isolates of target Fusarium species and several non-target Fusarium species that are frequently isolated from wheat in China. Analyzing 90 wheat samples collected from the North China plain and Yangtze River plain demonstrated that the duplex ddPCR assay coupled with magnetic bead-based DNA extraction was competent for investigating composition of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes in Chinese wheat. This assay will be useful for monitoring the epidemic and geographic distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of FHB pathogens, which will help with the disease control and DON management.
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Bentivenga G, Spina A, Ammar K, Allegra M, Cacciola SO. Screening of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010068. [PMID: 33396264 PMCID: PMC7823612 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019-20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of "Duprì", "Tiziana" and "Dylan" which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfio Spina
- Agricultural Research Council and Economics (CREA)–Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | - Karim Ammar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco 56237, Mexico;
| | - Maria Allegra
- Agricultural Research Council and Economics (CREA)–Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via S. Sofia n.100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Investigating Useful Properties of Four Streptomyces Strains Active against Fusarium graminearum Growth and Deoxynivalenol Production on Wheat Grains by qPCR. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090560. [PMID: 32878002 PMCID: PMC7551252 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. can be exploited as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against plant pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and against the contamination of grains with deoxynivalenol (DON). In the present research, four Streptomyces strains active against F. graminearum in dual plate assays were characterized for their ability to colonize detached wheat grains in the presence of F. graminearum and to limit DON production. The pathogen and BCA abundance were assessed by a quantitative real-time PCR, while DON production was assessed by HPLC quantification and compared to ergosterol to correlate the toxin production to the amount of fungal mycelium. Fungal growth and mycotoxin production were assessed with both co-inoculation and late inoculation of the BCAs in vitro (three days post-Fusarium inoculation) to test the interaction between the fungus and the bacteria. The level of inhibition of the pathogen and the toxin production were strain-specific. Overall, a higher level of DON inhibition (up to 99%) and a strong reduction in fungal biomass (up to 71%) were achieved when streptomycetes were co-inoculated with the fungus. This research enabled studying the antifungal efficacy of the four Streptomyces strains and monitoring their development in DON-inducing conditions.
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11
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Sneideris D, Ivanauskas A, Prakas P, Butkauskas D, Treikale O, Kadziene G, Rasiukeviciute N, Kelpsiene J, Suproniene S. Population Structure of Fusarium graminearum Isolated from Different Sources in One Area over the Course of Three Years. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1312-1318. [PMID: 32223642 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-19-0298-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important crop disease worldwide and is mainly caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. F. graminearum sensu stricto is the most common cosmopolitan and predominant FHB causal agent in Europe. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on the primary hosts (wheat and barley) of this pathogen, while the relationships between other sources of infection remain unclear. We monitored and sampled test fields over the course of 3 years and acquired 804 F. graminearum isolates from different sources: primary hosts and other plant species included in the crop rotations, weeds from the test fields, decaying plant residue, soil samples, and crop seed. Of these isolates, 73.3% had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and 26.7% had the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype. F. graminearum isolation rates from weeds (>50%) were much higher than from soil (< 10%) or decaying plant matter (4%). Variable number of tandem repeat markers were used for population analysis. Noticeable genetic differentiation was detected between isolates from living plants and soil biome. In contrast, absence of any noticeable division between primary and alternative plant host communities indicates the importance of weeds and other segetal plants for FHB control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Sneideris
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Petras Prakas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Butkauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Olga Treikale
- Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre, Struktoru 14a, LV-1039, Riga, Latvia
| | - Grazina Kadziene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Neringa Rasiukeviciute
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Kelpsiene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Skaidre Suproniene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
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12
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Cowger C, Ward TJ, Nilsson K, Arellano C, McCormick SP, Busman M. Regional and field-specific differences in Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with blighted North Carolina wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 323:108594. [PMID: 32229393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, while Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, a diversity of FHB-causing species belonging to different species complexes has been found in most countries. In the U.S., FHB surveys have focused on the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) and the frequencies of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes. A large-scale survey was undertaken across the state of North Carolina in 2014 to explore the frequency and distribution of F. graminearum capable of producing NIV, which is not monitored at grain intake points. Symptomatic wheat spikes were sampled from 59 wheat fields in 24 counties located in three agronomic zones typical of several states east of the Appalachian Mountains: Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Tidewater. Altogether, 2197 isolates were identified to species using DNA sequence-based methods. Surprisingly, although F. graminearum was the majority species detected, species in the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) that produce "emerging mycotoxins" were frequent, and even dominant in some fields. The FTSC percentage was 50-100% in four fields, 30-49% in five fields, 20-29% in five fields, and < 20% in the remaining 45 fields. FTSC species were at significantly higher frequency in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont or Tidewater (P < .05). Moniliformin concentrations in samples ranged from 0.0 to 38.7 μg g-1. NIV producing isolates were rare statewide (2.2%), and never >12% in a single field, indicating that routine testing for NIV is probably unnecessary. The patchy distribution of FTSC species in wheat crops demonstrated the need to investigate the potential importance of their mycotoxins and the factors that allow them to sometimes outcompete trichothecene producers. An increased sampling intensity of wheat fields led to the unexpected discovery of a minority FHB-causing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cowger
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Todd J Ward
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kathryn Nilsson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Mark Busman
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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13
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Pathogenicity and Virulence Factors of Fusarium graminearum Including Factors Discovered Using Next Generation Sequencing Technologies and Proteomics. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020305. [PMID: 32098375 PMCID: PMC7075021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a devasting mycotoxin-producing pathogen of grain crops. F. graminearum has been extensively studied to understand its pathogenicity and virulence factors. These studies gained momentum with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and proteomics. NGS and proteomics have enabled the discovery of a multitude of pathogenicity and virulence factors of F. graminearum. This current review aimed to trace progress made in discovering F. graminearum pathogenicity and virulence factors in general, as well as pathogenicity and virulence factors discovered using NGS, and to some extent, using proteomics. We present more than 100 discovered pathogenicity or virulence factors and conclude that although a multitude of pathogenicity and virulence factors have already been discovered, more work needs to be done to take advantage of NGS and its companion applications of proteomics.
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Villafana RT, Ramdass AC, Rampersad SN. TRI Genotyping and Chemotyping: A Balance of Power. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E64. [PMID: 31973043 PMCID: PMC7076749 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is among the top 10 most economically important plant pathogens in the world. Trichothecenes are the principal mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by select species of Fusarium and cause acute and chronic toxicity in animals and humans upon exposure either through consumption and/or contact. There are over 100 trichothecene metabolites and they can occur in a wide range of commodities that form food and feed products. This review discusses strategies to mitigate the risk of mycotoxin production and exposure by examining the Fusarium-trichothecene model. Fundamental to mitigation of risk is knowing the identity of the pathogen. As such, a comparison of current, recommended molecular approaches for sequence-based identification of Fusaria is presented, followed by an analysis of the rationale and methods of trichothecene (TRI) genotyping and chemotyping. This type of information confirms the source and nature of risk. While both are powerful tools for informing regulatory decisions, an assessment of the causes of incongruence between TRI genotyping and chemotyping data must be made. Reconciliation of this discordance will map the way forward in terms of optimization of molecular approaches, which includes data validation and sharing in the form of accessible repositories of genomic data and browsers for querying such data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sephra N. Rampersad
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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15
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Critical Assessment of Streptomyces spp. Able to Control Toxigenic Fusaria in Cereals: A Literature and Patent Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246119. [PMID: 31817248 PMCID: PMC6941072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species on cereals represent a major concern for food safety worldwide. Fusarium toxins that are currently under regulation for their content in food include trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Biological control of Fusarium spp. has been widely explored with the aim of limiting disease occurrence, but few efforts have focused so far on limiting toxin accumulation in grains. The bacterial genus Streptomyces is responsible for the production of numerous drug molecules and represents a huge resource for the discovery of new molecules. Streptomyces spp. are also efficient plant colonizers and able to employ different mechanisms of control against toxigenic fungi on cereals. This review describes the outcomes of research using Streptomyces strains and/or their derived molecules to limit toxin production and/or contamination of Fusarium species in cereals. Both the scientific and patent literature were analyzed, starting from the year 2000, and we highlight promising results as well as the current pitfalls and limitations of this approach.
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16
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Pedroso Pereira LT, Putnik P, Tadashi Iwase CH, de Oliveira Rocha L. Deoxynivalenol: insights on genetics, analytical methods and occurrence. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Colombo EM, Pizzatti C, Kunova A, Gardana C, Saracchi M, Cortesi P, Pasquali M. Evaluation of in-vitro methods to select effective streptomycetes against toxigenic fusaria. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6905. [PMID: 31198624 PMCID: PMC6535041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol microorganisms are emerging as an effective alternative to pesticides. Ideally, biocontrol agents (BCAs) for the control of fungal plant pathogens should be selected by an in vitro method that is high-throughput and is predictive of in planta efficacy, possibly considering environmental factors, and the natural diversity of the pathogen. The purpose of our study was (1) to assess the effects of Fusarium strain diversity (N = 5) and culture media (N = 6) on the identification of biological control activity of Streptomyces strains (N = 20) against Fusarium pathogens of wheat in vitro and (2) to verify the ability of our in vitro screening methods to simulate the activity in planta. Our results indicate that culture media, Fusarium strain diversity, and their interactions affect the results of an in vitro selection by dual culture assay. The results obtained on the wheat-based culture media resulted in the highest correlation score (r = 0.5) with the in planta root rot (RR) inhibition, suggesting that this in vitro method was the best predictor of in planta performance of streptomycetes against Fusarium RR of wheat assessed as extension of the necrosis on the root. Contrarily, none of the in vitro plate assays using the media tested could appropriately predict the activity of the streptomycetes against Fusarium foot rot symptoms estimated as the necrosis at the crown level. Considering overall data of correlation, the activity in planta cannot be effectively predicted by dual culture plate studies, therefore improved in vitro methods are needed to better mimic the activity of biocontrol strains in natural conditions. This work contributes to setting up laboratory standards for preliminary screening assays of Streptomyces BCAs against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Colombo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Pizzatti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Kunova
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Saracchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Cortesi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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18
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Suproniene S, Kadziene G, Irzykowski W, Sneideris D, Ivanauskas A, Sakalauskas S, Serbiak P, Svegzda P, Auskalniene O, Jedryczka M. Weed species within cereal crop rotations can serve as alternative hosts for Fusarium graminearum causing Fusarium head blight of wheat. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Selection of Fusarium Trichothecene Toxin Genes for Molecular Detection Depends on TRI Gene Cluster Organization and Gene Function. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010036. [PMID: 30646506 PMCID: PMC6357111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food security is a global concern. Fusarium are among the most economically important fungal pathogens because they are ubiquitous, disease management remains a challenge, they produce mycotoxins that affect food and feed safety, and trichothecene mycotoxin production can increase the pathogenicity of some Fusarium species depending on the host species. Although trichothecenes may differ in structure by their patterns of hydroxylation or acetylation, these small changes have a significant impact on toxicity and the biological activity of these compounds. Therefore, detecting and identifying which chemotype is present in a given population are important to predicting the specific toxins that may be produced and, therefore, to evaluating the risk of exposure. Due to the challenges of inducing trichothecene production by Fusarium isolates in vitro for subsequent chemical analysis, PCR assays using gene-specific primers, either singly or in combination, designed against specific genes of the trichothecene gene cluster of multiple species of Fusarium have been developed. The establishment of TRI genotypes that potentially correspond to a specific chemotype requires examination of an information and knowledge pipeline whose critical aspects in sequential order are: (i) understanding the TRI gene cluster organization which differs according to Fusarium species under study; (ii) knowledge of the re-arrangements to the core TRI gene cluster over evolutionary time, which also differs according to Fusarium species; (iii) the functions of the TRI genes in the biosynthesis of trichothecene analogs; and (iv) based on (i)⁻(iii), selection of appropriate target TRI gene(s) for primer design in PCR amplification for the Fusarium species under study. This review, therefore, explains this pipeline and its connection to utilizing TRI genotypes as a possible proxy to chemotype designation.
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20
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Investigation of Camphor Effects on Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum at Different Molecular Levels. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7040090. [PMID: 30469464 PMCID: PMC6313782 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are phytopathogens, which cause destructive diseases in cereals. Epidemics of these phytopathogens are caused by mycotoxin contamination and the reduction of crop quality. In this study, the alteration due to in vitro camphor treatment on F. culmorum 9F and F. graminearum H11 isolates was investigated in terms of epigenetic, cellular, and transcription levels. Camphor with different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2, and 4 µg/µL) was applied to potato dextrose agar (PDA) growth media. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated as 2 and 1 µg/µL, respectively. hog1, mst20, CAT, POD, mgv1, stuA, and tri5 genes, which are related to various cellular processes and pathogenesis, were examined by qPCR assay. qPCR analysis showed that camphor treatment leads to the downregulation of tri5 expression but the upregulation of the remaining genes. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were confirmed via acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining, respectively. Moreover, coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) assay, used for DNA methylation analysis, was carried out to evaluate epigenetic alterations. The decrease in genomic template stability (GTS) values, which resulted due to the alterations in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles caused by camphor treatment, were detected as 97.60% in F. culmorum 9F and 66.27% in F. graminearum H-11. The outer and inner methylated cytosine profiles are determined by CRED-RA assay as type I–IV epigenetic alterations. The outcomes indicated that camphor could lead to alterations at several molecular levels of F. graminearum and F. culmorum.
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21
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Bilska K, Kulik T, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, Buśko M, Pasquali M, Beyer M, Baturo-Cieśniewska A, Juda M, Załuski D, Treder K, Denekas J, Perkowski J. Development of a Highly Sensitive FcMito qPCR Assay for the Quantification of the Toxigenic Fungal Plant Pathogen Fusarium culmorum. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E211. [PMID: 29883395 PMCID: PMC5983267 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a ubiquitous, soil-borne fungus (ascomycete) causing foot and root rot and Fusarium head blight on cereals. It is responsible for yield and quality losses as well as grain contamination with mycotoxins, which are a potential health hazard. An extremely sensitive mitochondrial-based qPCR assay (FcMito qPCR) for quantification of F. culmorum was developed in this study. To provide specificity, the FcMito assay was successfully validated against 85 F. culmorum strains and 53 isolates of 30 other fungal species. The assay efficiency and sensitivity were evaluated against different F. culmorum strains with various amounts of pure fungal DNA and in the presence of background wheat DNA. The results demonstrated the high efficiency of the assay (97.2⁻106.0%, R²-values > 0.99). It was also shown that, in the presence of background DNA, 0.01 pg of fungal template could be reliably quantified. The FcMito assay was used to quantify F. culmorum DNA using 108 grain samples with different trichothecene levels. A significant positive correlation was found between fungal DNA quantity and the total trichothecene content. The obtained results showed that the sensitivity of the FcMito assay was much higher than the nuclear-based qPCR assay for F. culmorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Kordeckiego St. 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Juda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Kordeckiego St. 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Załuski
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kinga Treder
- Department of Agroecosystems, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joerg Denekas
- Agravis Technik Heide-Altmark GmbH, Hansestrasse 30, 29525 Uelzen, Germany.
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
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22
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Beccari G, Colasante V, Tini F, Senatore M, Prodi A, Sulyok M, Covarelli L. Causal agents of Fusarium head blight of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in central Italy and their in vitro biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Food Microbiol 2018; 70:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Khaneghah AM, Martins LM, von Hertwig AM, Bertoldo R, Sant’Ana AS. Deoxynivalenol and its masked forms: Characteristics, incidence, control and fate during wheat and wheat based products processing - A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Kulik T, Stuper-Szablewska K, Bilska K, Buśko M, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, Załuski D, Perkowski J. Sinapic Acid Affects Phenolic and Trichothecene Profiles of F. culmorum and F. graminearum Sensu Stricto. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E264. [PMID: 28846647 PMCID: PMC5618197 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds for reducing the mycotoxin load in food and feed have become a rapidly developing research field of importance for plant breeding efforts and in the search for natural fungicides. In this study, toxigenic strains of Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum sensu stricto were exposed to sinapic acid on solid YES media at levels close to those reported in wheat bran. Fusaria produced phenolic acids, whose accumulation was decreased by exogenous sinapic acid. Strains exposed to the lowest doses of sinapic acid showed more efficient reduction of phenolic acid production than fungi kept at higher concentrations of this compound. Fungi reduced exogenous sinapic acid, leading to the formation of syringic aldehyde. Treatment with sinapic acid led to a dramatic accumulation of its parent compound ferulic acid, presumably due to inhibition of the further conversion of this phenolic compound. Exogenous sinapic acid decreased the production of trichothecenes by fungi. Higher doses of sinapic acid resulted in more efficient reduction of mycotoxin accumulation in the media. Gene expression studies of Tri genes responsible for trichothecene biosynthesis (Tri4, Tri5 and Tri10) proved that the inhibition of mycotoxin production by sinapic acid occurred at the transcriptional level. Fusaria respond to sinapic acid by stimulation of ergosterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Załuski
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Vanheule A, De Boevre M, Moretti A, Scauflaire J, Munaut F, De Saeger S, Bekaert B, Haesaert G, Waalwijk C, van der Lee T, Audenaert K. Genetic Divergence and Chemotype Diversity in the Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen Fusarium poae. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090255. [PMID: 28832503 PMCID: PMC5618188 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a disease caused by a complex of Fusarium species. F. poae is omnipresent throughout Europe in spite of its low virulence. In this study, we assessed a geographically diverse collection of F. poae isolates for its genetic diversity using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Furthermore, studying the mating type locus and chromosomal insertions, we identified hallmarks of both sexual recombination and clonal spread of successful genotypes in the population. Despite the large genetic variation found, all F. poae isolates possess the nivalenol chemotype based on Tri7 sequence analysis. Nevertheless, Tri gene clusters showed two layers of genetic variability. Firstly, the Tri1 locus was highly variable with mostly synonymous mutations and mutations in introns pointing to a strong purifying selection pressure. Secondly, in a subset of isolates, the main trichothecene gene cluster was invaded by a transposable element between Tri5 and Tri6. To investigate the impact of these variations on the phenotypic chemotype, mycotoxin production was assessed on artificial medium. Complex blends of type A and type B trichothecenes were produced but neither genetic variability in the Tri genes nor variability in the genome or geography accounted for the divergence in trichothecene production. In view of its complex chemotype, it will be of utmost interest to uncover the role of trichothecenes in virulence, spread and survival of F. poae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan Vanheule
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Boris Bekaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo van der Lee
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kulik T, Stuper-Szablewska K, Bilska K, Buśko M, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, Załuski D, Perkowski J. trans-Cinnamic and Chlorogenic Acids Affect the Secondary Metabolic Profiles and Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum Sensu Stricto. Toxins (Basel) 2017. [PMID: 28640190 PMCID: PMC5535145 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds limiting mycotoxin contamination are currently of major interest in food and feed production. However, their potential application requires an evaluation of their effects on fungal secondary metabolism and membrane effects. In this study, different strains of Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum sensu stricto were exposed to trans-cinnamic and chlorogenic acids on solid YES media. Fusaria produced phenolic acids, whose accumulation was lowered by exogenous phenolic compounds. In addition, fungi reduced exogenous phenolic acids, leading either to their conversion or degradation. trans-Cinnamic acid was converted to caffeic and ferulic acids, while chlorogenic acid was degraded to caffeic acid. The latter underwent further degradation to protocatechuic acid. Fungal-derived trans-cinnamic acid, as the first intermediate of the shikimate pathway, increased after chlorogenic acid treatment, presumably due to the further inhibition of the conversion of trans-cinnamic acid. Exogenous trans-cinnamic and chlorogenic acid displayed the inhibition of mycotoxin production by Fusaria, which appeared to be largely dependent on the phenolic compound and its concentration and the assayed strain. Exogenous phenolic acids showed different effects on ergosterol biosynthesis by fungi. It was found that the production of this membrane sterol was stimulated by trans-cinnamic acid, while chlorogenic acid negatively impacted ergosterol biosynthesis, suggesting that phenolic acids with stronger antifungal activities may upregulate ergosterol biosynthesis by Fusaria. This paper reports on the production of phenolic acids by Fusaria for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Załuski
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Abedi-Tizaki M, Zafari D. Geographic distribution of phylogenetic species of the Fusarium graminearum species complex and their 8-ketotrichothecene chemotypes on wheat spikes in Iran. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:245-259. [PMID: 28612272 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC, n = 446) were collected from wheat spikes from northern and western regions of Iran with a history of Fusarium head blight (FHB) occurrences. The trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes/chemotypes, the associated phylogenetic species, and geographical distribution of these isolates were analyzed. Two phylogenetic species, Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum, were identified and were found to belong to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) groups V and I. Isolates from F. asiaticum species lineage 6 were within SCAR group V, whereas F. graminearum species lineage 7 were of SCAR group I. Of the 446 isolates assayed, 274 were F. asiaticum species predominantly of the nivalenol (NIV) genotype, while other isolates were either deoxynivalenol (DON) plus 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) or DON plus 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) genotype. Based on Tri7 gene sequences, a new subpopulation of 15-AcDON producers was observed among F. asiaticum strains in which 11-bp repeats were absent in the Tri7 sequences. The trichothecene chemotype was confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 46 FGSC isolates. Isolates produced NIV (33.4-108.2 μg/g) and DON (64.7-473.6 μg/g) plus either 3-AcDON (51.4-142.4 μg/g) or 15-AcDON (24.1-99.3 μg/g). Among FGSC isolates, F. asiaticum produced the highest levels of trichothecenes. Using BIOCLIM based on the climate data of 20-year during 1994-2014, modelling geographical distribution of FGSC showed that F. asiaticum was restricted to warmer and humid areas with a median value of mean annual temperature of about 17.5 °C and annual rainfall of 658 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, F. graminearum (only 15-AcDON producers) was restricted to cooler and drier areas, with a median value of the mean annual temperature of 14.4 °C and an annual rainfall of 384 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). Based on climate parameters at anthesis, the recorded distribution of F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was similar to that based on BIOCLIM parameters. Therefore, geographic differences on the wheat-growing areas in Iran have had a significant effect on distribution of FGSC and their trichothecene chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abedi-Tizaki
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Doustmorad Zafari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Hellin P, Scauflaire J, Van Hese V, Munaut F, Legrève A. Sensitivity of Fusarium culmorum to triazoles: impact of trichothecene chemotypes, oxidative stress response and genetic diversity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1244-1252. [PMID: 27696645 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium culmorum is a fungal pathogen occurring worldwide on various weeds and important crops. Triazoles have been shown to be the most effective fungicide for managing Fusarium spp., but little is known about their specific activity on F. culmorum. RESULTS The sensitivity of 107 F. culmorum strains to triazoles was assessed using microtitre plate assays. The EC50 values ranged from 0.14 to 1.53 mg L-1 for tebuconazole and from 0.25 to 2.47 mg L-1 for epoxiconazole. Cross-resistance to both azoles was found (r = 0.61). F. culmorum appeared to be significantly more sensitive than F. graminearum or F. cerealis. No increase in the mean EC50 was observed over time, which might be related to an unfavourable fitness cost, measured here as fungal growth. On average, nivalenol-producing strains of F. culmorum were significantly more resistant than deoxynivalenol-producing strains. The relationship between resistance and chemotype-dependent adaptation to oxidative stress was investigated, but remained unclear. No link between inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genetic diversity and triazole resistance could be established. CONCLUSION Fungicide use might not be a driving force in the evolution of F. culmorum, and the benefit of a resistance trait probably does not outweigh its costs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Viviane Van Hese
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne Legrève
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Laraba I, Boureghda H, Abdallah N, Bouaicha O, Obanor F, Moretti A, Geiser DM, Kim HS, McCormick SP, Proctor RH, Kelly AC, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K. Population genetic structure and mycotoxin potential of the wheat crown rot and head blight pathogen Fusarium culmorum in Algeria. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 103:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kulik T, Abarenkov K, Buśko M, Bilska K, van Diepeningen AD, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, Krawczyk K, Brankovics B, Stenglein S, Sawicki J, Perkowski J. ToxGen: an improved reference database for the identification of type B-trichothecene genotypes in Fusarium. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2992. [PMID: 28229023 PMCID: PMC5314956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B trichothecenes, which pose a serious hazard to consumer health, occur worldwide in grains. These mycotoxins are produced mainly by three different trichothecene genotypes/chemotypes: 3ADON (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol), 15ADON (15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and NIV (nivalenol), named after these three major mycotoxin compounds. Correct identification of these genotypes is elementary for all studies relating to population surveys, fungal ecology and mycotoxicology. Trichothecene producers exhibit enormous strain-dependent chemical diversity, which may result in variation in levels of the genotype's determining toxin and in the production of low to high amounts of atypical compounds. New high-throughput DNA-sequencing technologies promise to boost the diagnostics of mycotoxin genotypes. However, this requires a reference database containing a satisfactory taxonomic sampling of sequences showing high correlation to actually produced chemotypes. We believe that one of the most pressing current challenges of such a database is the linking of molecular identification with chemical diversity of the strains, as well as other metadata. In this study, we use the Tri12 gene involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis for identification of Tri genotypes through sequence comparison. Tri12 sequences from a range of geographically diverse fungal strains comprising 22 Fusarium species were stored in the ToxGen database, which covers descriptive and up-to-date annotations such as indication on Tri genotype and chemotype of the strains, chemical diversity, information on trichothecene-inducing host, substrate or media, geographical locality, and most recent taxonomic affiliations. The present initiative bridges the gap between the demands of comprehensive studies on trichothecene producers and the existing nucleotide sequence databases, which lack toxicological and other auxiliary data. We invite researchers working in the fields of fungal taxonomy, epidemiology and mycotoxicology to join the freely available annotation effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne D. van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC, CONICET, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología-Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jakub Sawicki
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Kulik T, Buśko M, Bilska K, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, van Diepeningen AD, Perkowski J, Stenglein S. Depicting the Discrepancy between Tri Genotype and Chemotype on the Basis of Strain CBS 139514 from a Field Population of F. graminearum Sensu Stricto from Argentina. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E330. [PMID: 27845742 PMCID: PMC5127127 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on a field population of F. graminearum sensu stricto from Argentina revealed an atypical panel of strains identified through PCR genotyping as 15ADON genotypes, but producing high levels of 3ADON. Based on representative strain CBS 139514, we asked if the discrepancy between the trichothecene genotype and chemotype might result from an inter-chemotype recombination of the chemotype-determining genes. To answer this, we sequenced the complete core Tri gene cluster (around 30,200 bp) from this strain and compared its sequence to sequence data of typical type B trichothecene genotypes/chemotypes. Sequence alignment showed that CBS 139514 has an identical sequence within the entire core Tri cluster to the 15ADON genotype. The revealed discrepancy underlines the need for using both molecular and chemical methods for reliable characterization of toxigenic strains of Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | | | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires-Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CICBA-INBIOTEC, CONICET), Av. República de Italia 780, Azul 7300, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Microbiología-Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul 7300, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Vaughan M, Backhouse D, Ponte ED. Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vaughan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D. Backhouse
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - E.M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Campus Universitário s/n, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Scala V, Aureli G, Cesarano G, Incerti G, Fanelli C, Scala F, Reverberi M, Bonanomi G. Climate, Soil Management, and Cultivar Affect Fusarium Head Blight Incidence and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Durum Wheat of Southern Italy. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1014. [PMID: 27446052 PMCID: PMC4928167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a multifaceted disease caused by some species of Fusarium spp. A huge production of mycotoxins, mostly trichothecenes, often accompanied this disease. Amongst these toxic compounds, deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives represent a major issue for human as well as for animal health and farming. Common and durum wheat are amongst the hosts of trichothecene-producing Fusaria. Differences in susceptibility to fungal infection and toxin accumulation occur in wheat cultivars. Recently, increasing incidence and severity of Fusarium infection and a higher DON accumulation in durum wheat were observed in Italy, especially in Northern regions. In this study, we analyzed wheat yield, technological parameters, the incidence of Fusarium infection and DON content in kernel samples of durum wheat coming from three locations of Southern Italy with different climatic conditions and grown during two seasons, with two methods of cultivation. Four different durum wheat cultivars prevalently cultivated in Southern Italian areas were chosen for this study. Our analysis showed the effects of environment and cultivar types on wheat productivity and key technological parameters for the quality level of the end-product, namely pasta. Notably, although a low rate of mycotoxin contamination in all study sites was assessed, an inverse relation emerged between fungal infection/DON production and durum wheat yield. Further, our study pinpoints the importance of environment conditions on several quality traits of durum wheat grown under Mediterranean climate. The environmental conditions at local level (microscale) and soil management practices may drive FHB outbreak and mycotoxin contamination even in growing area suitable for cropping this wheat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Research Unit for Plant Pathology, Council for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aureli
- Research Unit for Cereal Quality, Council for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Plant Pathology, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Felice Scala
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Plant Pathology, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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34
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Hellin P, Dedeurwaerder G, Duvivier M, Scauflaire J, Huybrechts B, Callebaut A, Munaut F, Legrève A. Relationship between Fusarium spp. diversity and mycotoxin contents of mature grains in southern Belgium. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1228-40. [PMID: 27181458 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1185900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over a 4-year period (2010-13), a survey aiming at determining the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and their relations to mycotoxins in mature grains took place in southern Belgium. The most prevalent species were F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. culmorum, with large variations between years and locations. An even proportion of mating type found for F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum is usually a sign of ongoing sexual recombination. In contrast, an unbalanced proportion of mating type was found for F. poae and no MAT1-2 allele was present in the F. langsethiae population. Genetic chemotyping indicates a majority of deoxynivalenol (DON)-producing strains in F. culmorum (78%, all 3-ADON producers) and F. graminearum (95%, mostly 15-ADON producers), while all F. cerealis strains belong to the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. Between 2011 and 2013, DON, NIV, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON) were found in each field in various concentrations. By comparison, beauvericin (BEA) was scarcely detected and T-2 toxin, zearalenone and α- and β-zearalenols were never detected. Principal component analysis revealed correlations of DON with F. graminearum, ENNs and MON with F. avenaceum and NIV with F. culmorum, F. cerealis and F. poae. BEA was associated with the presence of F. tricinctum and, to a lesser extent, with the presence of F. poae. The use of genetic chemotype data revealed that DON concentrations were mostly influenced by DON-producing strains of F. graminearum and F. culmorum, whereas the concentrations of NIV were influenced by the number of NIV-producing strains of both species added to the number of F. cerealis and F. poae strains. This study emphasises the need to pay attention to less-studied Fusarium spp. for future Fusarium head blight management strategies, as they commonly co-occur in the field and are associated with a broad spectrum of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- a Phytopathology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology , Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Géraldine Dedeurwaerder
- a Phytopathology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology , Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Maxime Duvivier
- b Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology Unit , Walloon Agricultural Research Centre , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- a Phytopathology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology , Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Bart Huybrechts
- c Toxins and Natural components , Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA) , Tervuren , Belgium
| | - Alfons Callebaut
- c Toxins and Natural components , Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA) , Tervuren , Belgium
| | - Françoise Munaut
- a Phytopathology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology , Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Anne Legrève
- a Phytopathology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology , Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
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Pasquali M, Beyer M, Logrieco A, Audenaert K, Balmas V, Basler R, Boutigny AL, Chrpová J, Czembor E, Gagkaeva T, González-Jaén MT, Hofgaard IS, Köycü ND, Hoffmann L, Lević J, Marin P, Miedaner T, Migheli Q, Moretti A, Müller MEH, Munaut F, Parikka P, Pallez-Barthel M, Piec J, Scauflaire J, Scherm B, Stanković S, Thrane U, Uhlig S, Vanheule A, Yli-Mattila T, Vogelgsang S. A European Database of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Trichothecene Genotypes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:406. [PMID: 27092107 PMCID: PMC4821861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type B contamination in cereals. Data on the distribution of Fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in Europe are scattered in time and space. Furthermore, a common core set of related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis of factors influencing the spatial and temporal population distribution, is lacking. Consequently, based on the available data, it is difficult to identify factors influencing chemotype distribution and spread at the European level. Here we describe the results of a collaborative integrated work which aims (1) to characterize the trichothecene genotypes of strains from three Fusarium species, collected over the period 2000-2013 and (2) to enhance the standardization of epidemiological data collection. Information on host plant, country of origin, sampling location, year of sampling and previous crop of 1147 F. graminearum, 479 F. culmorum, and 3 F. cortaderiae strains obtained from 17 European countries was compiled and a map of trichothecene type B genotype distribution was plotted for each species. All information on the strains was collected in a freely accessible and updatable database (www.catalogueeu.luxmcc.lu), which will serve as a starting point for epidemiological analysis of potential spatial and temporal trichothecene genotype shifts in Europe. The analysis of the currently available European dataset showed that in F. graminearum, the predominant genotype was 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) (82.9%), followed by 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) (13.6%), and nivalenol (NIV) (3.5%). In F. culmorum, the prevalent genotype was 3-ADON (59.9%), while the NIV genotype accounted for the remaining 40.1%. Both, geographical and temporal patterns of trichothecene genotypes distribution were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Jana Chrpová
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Elżbieta Czembor
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research InstituteRadzikow, Poland
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - María T. González-Jaén
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | | | - Nagehan D. Köycü
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Namık Kemal UniversityTekirdag, Turkey
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jelena Lević
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia Marin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Miedaner
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute for Landscape BiogeochemistryMüncheberg, Germany
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Päivi Parikka
- Department Natural Resources and Bioproduction, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Marine Pallez-Barthel
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Piec
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Slavica Stanković
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Section for Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary InstituteOslo, Norway
| | - Adriaan Vanheule
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Research Division Grassland Sciences and Agro-Ecosystems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, AgroscopeZürich, Switzerland
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Pasquali M, Serchi T, Cocco E, Leclercq CC, Planchon S, Guignard C, Renaut J, Hoffmann L. A Fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine. J Proteomics 2016; 137:107-16. [PMID: 26585460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant pathogens face different environmental clues depending on the stage of the infection cycle they are in. Fusarium graminearum infects small grain cereals producing trichothecenes type B (TB) that act as virulence factor in the interaction with the plant and have important food safety implications. This study addresses at the proteomic level the effect of an environmental stimulus (such as the presence of a polyamine like agmatine) possibly encountered by the fungus when it is already within the plant. Because biological diversity affects the proteome significantly, a multistrain (n=3) comparative approach was used to identify consistent effects caused on the fungus by the nitrogen source (agmatine or glutamic acid). Proteomics analyses were performed by the use of 2D-DIGE. Results showed that agmatine augmented TB production but not equally in all strains. The polyamine reshaped drastically the proteome of the fungus activating specific pathways linked to the translational control within the cell. Chromatin restructuring, ribosomal regulations, protein and mRNA processing enzymes were modulated by the agmatine stimulus as well as metabolic, structural and virulence-related proteins, suggesting the need to reshape specifically the fungal cell for TB production, a key step for the pathogen spread within the spike. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Induction of toxin synthesis by plant compounds plays a crucial role in toxin contamination of food and feed, in particular trichothecenes type B produced mainly by F. graminearum on wheat. This work describes the level of diversity of 3 strains facing 2 toxin inducing plant derived compounds. This knowledge is of use for the research community on toxigenic Fusarium strains in cereals for understanding the role of fungal diversity in toxin inducibility. This work also suggests that environmental clues that can be found within the plant during infection (like different nitrogen compounds) are crucial stimuli for reshaping the proteome profile and consequently the specialization profiling of the fungus, ultimately leading to very different toxin contamination levels in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - T Serchi
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - E Cocco
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C C Leclercq
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Planchon
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C Guignard
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J Renaut
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - L Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Pasquali M, Cocco E, Guignard C, Hoffmann L. The effect of agmatine on trichothecene type B and zearalenone production in Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. poae. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1672. [PMID: 26893962 PMCID: PMC4756729 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agmatine and other putrescines are known for being strong inducers of deoxynivalenol (DON) production in Fusarium graminearum. Other important species produce DON and/or other trichothecene type B toxins (3 acetylated DON, 15 acetylated DON, Fusarenon-X, Nivalenol), such as F. culmorum and F. poae. In order to verify whether the mechanism of the regulation of trichothecene type B induction by agmatine is shared by different species of Fusarium, we tested the hypothesis on 19 strains belonging to 3 Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae) with diverse genetic chemotypes (3ADON, 15ADON, NIV) by measuring trichothecene B toxins such as DON, NIV, Fusarenon-X, 3ADON and 15ADON. Moreover, we tested whether other toxins like zearalenone were also boosted by agmatine. The trichothecene type B boosting effect was observed in the majority of strains (13 out of 19) in all the three species. Representative strains from all three genetic chemotypes were able to boost toxin production after agmatine treatment. We identified the non-responding strains to the agmatine stimulus, which may contribute to deciphering the regulatory mechanisms that link toxin production to agmatine (and, more generally, polyamines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , Belvaux , Luxembourg
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Piec J, Pallez M, Beyer M, Vogelgsang S, Hoffmann L, Pasquali M. The Luxembourg database of trichothecene type B F. graminearum and F. culmorum producers. Bioinformation 2016; 12:1-3. [PMID: 27212835 PMCID: PMC4857456 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data specific to 486 strains belonging to Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum were manually collected from Luxembourg field monitoring campaigns between the year 2007 ad 2013. It is of interest to store such data in a web-enabled advanced database to help in epidemiological studies. Hence, we describe the design and development of a Fusarium database added to the Luxembourg Microbial Culture Collection (LuxMCC™) web interface at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST). The database has three main features: (1) filter search, (2) detailed viewer of isolate information, and (3) excel export function of the dataset. Information on fungal strains includes genetic chemotypes, data on selected agronomic factors and crop management issues with geographic localization. The database constitutes a rich source of data for addressing epidemiological issues related to these two species. It will be regularly updated with improved features for advancement and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Piec
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marine Pallez
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Research Division Grassland Sciences and Agro-Ecosystems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Kahl SM, Ulrich A, Kirichenko AA, Müller MEH. Phenotypic and phylogenetic segregation of Alternaria infectoria from small-spored Alternaria species isolated from wheat in Germany and Russia. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1637-50. [PMID: 26381081 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the taxonomic differences between phytopathogenic small-spored Alternaria strains isolated from wheat kernels in Germany and Russia by a polyphasic approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-five Alternaria (A.) strains were characterized by their colony colour, their three-dimensional sporulation patterns, mycotoxin production and phylogenetic relationships based on sequence variation in translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α). The examination of toxin profiles and the phylogenetic features via TEF1-α resulted in two distinct clusters, in each case containing Alternaria infectoria isolates (92 and 96% respectively) in the first and the Alternaria alternata, Alternaria arborescens and Alternaria tenuissima isolates (77 and 79% respectively) in the other combined cluster. The production of Alternariol, Altertoxin and Altenuene has not been reported previously in the A. infectoria species group. The isolates from Germany and Russia differ slightly in species composition and mycotoxin production capacity. CONCLUSIONS We identified that the A. infectoria species group can be differentiated from the A. alternata, A. arborescens and A. tenuissima species group by colour, low mycotoxin production and by the sequence variation in TEF1-α gene. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results allow a reliable toxic risk assessment when detecting different Alternaria fungi on cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kahl
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Ulrich
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - A A Kirichenko
- Novosibirsk State Agricultural University (NSAU), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M E H Müller
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Müncheberg, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Kulik T, Ostrowska A, Buśko M, Pasquali M, Beyer M, Stenglein S, Załuski D, Sawicki J, Treder K, Perkowski J. Development of an FgMito assay: A highly sensitive mitochondrial based qPCR assay for quantification of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 210:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kelly AC, Clear RM, O'Donnell K, McCormick S, Turkington TK, Tekauz A, Gilbert J, Kistler HC, Busman M, Ward TJ. Diversity of Fusarium head blight populations and trichothecene toxin types reveals regional differences in pathogen composition and temporal dynamics. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 82:22-31. [PMID: 26127017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of genetic diversity, trichothecene genotype composition, and population structure were conducted using 4086 Fusarium graminearum isolates collected from wheat in eight Canadian provinces over a three year period between 2005 and 2007. The results revealed substantial regional differences in Fusarium head blight pathogen composition and temporal population dynamics. The 3ADON trichothecene type consistently predominated in Maritime provinces (91%) over the sampled years, and increased significantly (P<0.05) between 2005 and 2007 in western Canada, accounting for 66% of the isolates in Manitoba by the end of the sampling period. In contrast, 3ADON frequency was lower (22%, P<0.001) in the eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Québec and did not change significantly between 2005 and 2007, resulting in two distinct longitudinal clines in 3ADON frequency across Canada. Overall, genetic structure was correlated with toxin type, as the endemic population (NA1) was dominated by 15ADON isolates (86%), whereas a second population (NA2) consisted largely of 3ADON isolates (88%). However, the percentage of isolates with trichothecene genotypes that were not predictive of their genetic population assignment (recombinant genotypes) increased from 10% in 2005 to 17% in 2007, indicating that trichothecene type became an increasingly unreliable marker of population identity over time. In addition, there were substantial regional differences in the composition of recombinant genotypes. In western and maritime provinces, NA2 isolates with 15ADON genotypes were significantly more common than NA1 isolates with 3ADON genotypes (P<0.001), and the reverse was true in the eastern provinces of Québec and Ontario. Temporal trends in recombinant genotype composition also varied regionally, as the percentage of 15ADON isolates with NA2 genetic backgrounds increased approximately three fold in western and Maritime provinces, while the opposite trends were observed in Québec and Ontario. The results indicate that F. graminearum population dynamics in Canada have been influenced by a complex adaptive landscape comprising different regional selective pressures, and do not reflect a simple model of dispersal and integration following the introduction of a novel pathogen population. In addition, we identified F. graminearum strains that produce the recently discovered A-trichothecene mycotoxin (NX-2) for the first time in Canada, representing a significant expansion of the known range of NX-2 producing strains in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Kelly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | | | - Kerry O'Donnell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Susan McCormick
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - T Kelly Turkington
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Andy Tekauz
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeannie Gilbert
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - H Corby Kistler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1551 Lindig Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark Busman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Todd J Ward
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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Yekkour A, Toumatia O, Meklat A, Verheecke C, Sabaou N, Zitouni A, Mathieu F. Deoxynivalenol-producing ability of Fusarium culmorum strains and their impact on infecting barley in Algeria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:875-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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