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Campos ÁSÁ, Akineden Ö, Fernández-Silva JA, Ramírez-Vásquez NF. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and risk factors associated with high total bacterial count in bulk tank milk from dairy farms in Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:3009-3019. [PMID: 38874745 PMCID: PMC11405566 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and the risk factors associated with a high total bacterial count in bulk tank milk samples of dairy farms in three municipalities of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. Fifteen samples were positive for E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Subsequent analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene sequences confirmed these isolates included E. coli (n = 3), K. oxytoca (n = 11), and K. pneumoniae (n = 1). None of the isolates was positive for ESBL identification by phenotypic methods, but the only the isolate of K. pneumoniae was positive for the blaSHV61 gene by sequence analysis. The antibiotic susceptibility evaluation for all Klebsiella spp. isolates identified resistance to fosfomycin (50%; 6/12) and ampicillin (100%; 12/12). While most of the herds maintain adequate hygienic quality, specific risk factors such as having more than 60 milking cows, frequent changes in milkers, milking in paddocks, and using a chlorinated product for pre-dipping have been identified as associated with a high total bacterial count > 100,000 CFU/mL in bulk tank milk. However, certain variables including the milker being the owner of the animals and the proper washing and disinfection of the milking machine contribute to maintain a high level of hygiene and quality in the raw milk stored in the tanks. In conclusion, the frequency of ESBL producers was relatively low, with only K. pneumoniae testing positive for the blaSHV ESBL type. The presence of these bacteria in milk tanks represents a potential risk to public health for consumers of raw milk and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela-Sofía Ágredo Campos
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ömer Akineden
- Dairy Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jorge A Fernández-Silva
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nicolás F Ramírez-Vásquez
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Saddam, Jamal M, Rahman SU, Khan M, Qadeer A, Mahmoud MH. Genomic diversity and nutritional analysis of multi-drug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase Producing- Klebsiella pneumoniae genes isolated from mastitic cattle milk in district peshawar, Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35876. [PMID: 39170179 PMCID: PMC11337036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of resistance extended spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumonia become worldwide issue. The current study aimed to determine the genomic diversity of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in milk samples collected from cows with mastitis as well as their antibiotic sensitivity profiles and genetic identification in Peshawar, Pakistan. The california mastitis test (CMT) was initially used to verify the presence for mastitis in 700 collected milk samples. The molecular identification of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed 120/700 (17.14 %) propagation of K. pneumonia. Out of these isolates MDR ESBL-producing isolates were 60/120 (50 %). The lactose were found (M = 3.96 ± 0.28, SD = 2.19), followed by fats (M = 3.12 ± 0.11, SD = 0.90), protein (M = 5.97 ± 0.24, SD = 1.84), sodium (M = 55.74 ± 2.07, SD = 15.81), potassium (M = 138.5 ± 1.53, SD = 11.71), chloride (M = 0.74 ± 0.03, SD = 0.24), calcium (M = 10.27 ± 0.31, SD = 2.42), and chlorine (M = 2.80 ± 0.22, SD = 1.70), respectively. Amikacin (80 %), ceftazidime (71 %), and tetracycline (71 %) were shown to be the most effective antimicrobials against all of the isolates. The occurrence of the blaSHV gene was observed at 56.00 % whereas the blaTEM gene and blaCTX-M gene were 36.00 %, and 30.00 %. The distribution of blaCTX-M subgroup genes was followed by blaCTX-M-1 (38.00 %), blaCTX-M-9 (22.20 %), and blaCTX-M-15 (61.10 %). Co-occurrence of blaCTX-M+ blaSHV was (15.00 %), blaCTX-M+ blaTEM were (6.60 %), and blaSHV + blaTEM were (10.00 %), respectively. The inappropriate, prolonged and common use of antibiotics may apply selective pressure for propagation and the occurrence of resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bachmann L, Weber L, Liermann W, Hammon HM, Delling C, Dengler F, Schaufler K, Schwabe M, Eger E, Becker K, Schütz A, Homeier-Bachmann T. Colostrum as a source of ESBL-Escherichia coli in feces of newborn calves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9929. [PMID: 38688984 PMCID: PMC11061148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine if colostrum and the equipment for harvesting and feeding colostrum are sources of fecal ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-E. coli) in calves. Therefore, 15 male calves fed with pooled colostrum on a dairy farm and held individually in an experimental barn, the colostrum pool and the equipment for harvesting and feeding colostrum were sampled and analyzed for the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC-E. coli. The ESBL-AmpC-E. coli suspicious isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequence analysis. Forty-three of 45 fecal samples were tested positive for ESBL/AmpC-E. coli. In the colostrum sample and in the milking pot, we also found ESBL/AmpC-E. coli. All 45 E. coli isolates were ESBL-producers, mainly commensal sequence type (ST) 10, but also human-extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli ST131 and ST117 were found. The clonal identity of six fecal isolates with the ESBL-E. coli isolate from the colostrum and of five fecal isolates with the strain from the milking pot demonstrates that the hygiene of colostrum or the colostrum equipment can play a significant role in the spread of ESBL-E. coli. Effective sanitation procedures for colostrum harvesting and feeding equipment are crucial to reduce the ESBL-E. coli shedding of neonatal dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bachmann
- University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Str. 2, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Germany.
- Research Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Weber
- University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Str. 2, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Wendy Liermann
- Research Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Research Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cora Delling
- Institute for Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department Epidemiology and Ecology of Antimicrobial Resistance, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Schwabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elias Eger
- Department Epidemiology and Ecology of Antimicrobial Resistance, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Schütz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Timo Homeier-Bachmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
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Stelmaszyk L, Stange C, Hügler M, Sidhu JP, Horn H, Tiehm A. Quantification of β-lactamase producing bacteria in German surface waters with subsequent MALDI-TOF MS-based identification and β-lactamase activity assay. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27384. [PMID: 38486766 PMCID: PMC10937694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental oligotrophic bacteria are suspected to be highly relevant carriers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there is a lack of validated methods for monitoring in the aquatic environment. Since extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) play a particularly important role in the clinical sector, a culturing method based on R2A-medium spiked with different combinations of β-lactams was applied to quantify β-lactamase-producing environmental bacteria from surface waters. In German surface water samples (n = 28), oligotrophic bacteria ranging from 4.0 × 103 to 1.7 × 104 CFU per 100 mL were detected on the nutrient-poor medium spiked with 3rd generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. These numbers were 3 log10 higher compared to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriales of clinical relevance from the same water samples. A MALDI-TOF MS identification of the isolates demonstrated, that the method leads to the isolation of environmentally relevant strains with Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Janthinobacterium being predominant β-lactam resistant genera. Subsequent micro-dilution antibiotic susceptibility tests (Micronaut-S test) confirmed the expression of β-lactamases. The qPCR analysis of surface waters DNA extracts showed the presence of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2, blaSHV, and blaNDM-1) at concentrations of 3.7 (±1.2) to 1.0 (±1.9) log10 gene copies per 100 mL. Overall, the results demonstrate a widespread distribution of cephalosporinase and carbapenemase enzymes in oligotrophic environmental bacteria that have to be considered as a reservoir of ARGs and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Stelmaszyk
- TZW: DVGW Technologiezentrum Wasser, Department of Water Microbiology, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Stange
- TZW: DVGW Technologiezentrum Wasser, Department of Water Microbiology, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Hügler
- TZW: DVGW Technologiezentrum Wasser, Department of Water Microbiology, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jatinder P.S. Sidhu
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Engler-Bunte Institute, Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- TZW: DVGW Technologiezentrum Wasser, Department of Water Microbiology, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Rowe S, House JK, Zadoks RN. Milk as diagnostic fluid for udder health management. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:5-10. [PMID: 37798823 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is the major disease affecting milk production of dairy cattle, and milk is an obvious substrate for the detection of both the inflammation and its causative infectious agents at quarter, cow, or herd levels. In this review, we examine the use of milk to detect inflammation based on somatic cell count (SCC) and other biomarkers, and for the detection of mastitis pathogens through culture-based and culture-free methods. FINDINGS The use of SCC at a cow or bulk milk level to guide udder health management in lactation is well-established, and SCC is increasingly used to guide selective dry cow treatment. Other markers of inflammation include electrical conductivity, which is used commercially, and markers of disease severity such as acute phase proteins but are not pathogen-specific. Some pathogen-specific markers based on humoral immune responses are available, but their value in udder health management is largely untested. Commercial pathogen detection is based on culture or polymerase chain reaction, with other tests, for example, loop-mediated isothermal amplification or 16S microbiome analysis still at the research or development stage. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI-ToF) is increasingly used for the identification of cultured organisms whilst application directly to milk needs further development. Details of test sensitivity, specificity, and use of the various technologies may differ between quarter, cow, and bulk milk applications. CONCLUSIONS There is a growing array of diagnostic assays that can be used to detect markers of inflammation or infection in milk. The value of some of these methods in on-farm udder health improvement programs is yet to be demonstrated whilst methods with proven value may be underutilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rowe
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy UP, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| | - J K House
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy UP, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| | - R N Zadoks
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy UP, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
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Dey TK, Lindahl JF, Lundkvist Å, Grace D, Deka RP, Shome R, Bandyopadhyay S, Goyal NK, Sharma G, Shome BR. Analyses of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, Metallo-β-Lactamase, and AmpC-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Dairy Value Chain in India. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1449. [PMID: 37760745 PMCID: PMC10650101 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were blaCMY, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaEBC, and blaDHA, associated with AmpC production. Additionally, blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected as ESBL producers, while blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaSIM, and blaGIM were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumar Dey
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Johanna Frida Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Delia Grace
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Ram Pratim Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for South Asia, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Samiran Bandyopadhyay
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Goyal
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Rowe S, Cunningham C, Ingenhoff L, Norris JM, Zadoks RN. Low prevalence of antimicrobial resistant organisms (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin resistant enterococci) in bulk tank milk in New South Wales, Australia. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:339-344. [PMID: 37403520 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimate the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in bulk tank milk in dairy herds in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS Bulk tank milk samples (n = 80) were collected from dairy farms (n = 40, i.e. 2 per farm) in NSW during 2021. Bacteria were cultured using selective chromogenic indicator media with isolate identity confirmed using biochemical testing, Gram stain, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was confirmed using antibiotic disk diffusion. RESULTS No samples tested positive to the targeted AMR organisms. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and VRE is low in NSW dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rowe
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Cunningham
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Ingenhoff
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R N Zadoks
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
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Asfaw T, Genetu D, Shenkute D, Shenkutie TT, Amare YE, Habteweld HA, Yitayew B. Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Milk, Yoghurt and Milk Contact Surfaces in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4297-4309. [PMID: 37424670 PMCID: PMC10327909 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s418793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial contamination of milk is a primary culprit for causing foodborne illnesses, presenting a significant health hazard for millions of individuals around the globe. The level and variety of microorganisms present in raw milk determine its degree of contamination and the potential health risks it poses. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to August. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hygiene practices from milk distributors and traders. Raw milk, yoghurt, swabs from milk containers and drinking cups were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, MDR screening and confirmation, ESBL screening and confirmation. Finally, all data were pooled and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results A total of 120 samples of fresh milk, yogurt and cotton swabs from milk containers and cups were collected. A total of 80 bacterial isolates were isolated from 120 samples. Among the bacteria isolated, S. aureus 17 (21.3%), E. coli 17 (21.3%), S. epidermidis 14 (17.5%), Klebsiella spp. 9 (11.3%) and Salmonella spp. 7 (8.8%) were detected most often. High rate of contamination was observed in fresh milk 23 (28.8%) and yogurt 23 (28.8%). All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Comparatively, high rates of resistance were observed in all isolates to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in Ethiopia. However, lower rates of resistance have been observed for recently introduced antibiotics in Ethiopia. Of the isolates, 20 (25.0%) were resistant to eight or more antibiotics. While 16 (20.0%), 12 (15.0%), 9 (11.3%) isolates were resistant to two, three and five antibiotics, respectively. Of the bacteria isolated, 52/80 (65.0%) were MDR, 25/49 (51.0%) were screened for ESBL production, and 20/49 (40.8%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producer. Conclusion This study showed a high rate of bacterial isolates along with MDR and ESBL-producing strains in raw milk, yoghurt, milk container swabs and drinking cup swab samples, associated with poor hygiene and sanitation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegahun Asfaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Deribew Genetu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Demissew Shenkute
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yosef Eshetie Amare
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | - Berhanu Yitayew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Harding-Crooks R, Smith D, Fanning S, Fox EM. Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated resistance determinants through global food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2706-2727. [PMID: 37083194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are a critical component of modern healthcare systems, fulfilling a core function in patient care and improving individual patient outcomes and consequently overall public health. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial interventions is being consistently eroded by the emergence and dissemination of various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. One highly valued class of antimicrobial compounds is carbapenems, which retain efficacy in treating most multidrug-resistant infections and are considered "last line" agents. Therefore, recent trends in proliferation of carbapenem resistance (CR) via dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family pose a significant threat to public health. While much of the focus relating to this has been on nosocomial environments, community-acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections and their associated transmission routes are less well studied. Among these community-associated vectors, the role of food chains and contaminated foods is important, since Enterobacteriaceae occupy niches within these settings. This review examines foodborne CPE transmission by exploring how interactions within and between food, the food chain, and agriculture not only promote and disseminate CPE, but also create reservoirs of mobile genetic elements that may lead to further carbapenemase gene proliferation both within and between microbial communities. Additionally, recent developments regarding the global occurrence and molecular epidemiology of CPEs in food chains will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Qi Z, Jin S, Guo X, Tong H, Ren N, You S. Distribution and transmission of β-lactamase resistance genes in meal-to-milk chain on dairy farm. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121831. [PMID: 37209898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used in animal husbandry, which leads to high risk of food-borne transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The present study investigated the distribution of β-lactamase resistance genes (β-RGs) on dairy farm in the Songnen Plain of western Heilongjiang Province, China, to provide mechanistic insights into food-borne transmission of β-RGs through "meal-to-milk" chain under practically relevant circumstances. The results demonstrated that the abundance of β-RGs (91%) was much higher than that of other ARGs in the livestock farms. The blaTEM exhibited the content as high as 94.55% among all ARGs, and higher than 98% blaTEM was detected in meal, water and milk sample. The metagenomic taxonomy analysis indicated that the blaTEM should be carried by tnpA-04 (7.04%) and tnpA-03 (1.48%) hosted in Pseudomonas genus (15.36%) and Pantoea (29.02%) genus. Both tnpA-04 and tnpA-03 in the milk sample were identified to be the key mobile genetic elements (MGEs) responsible for transferring blaTEM along the "meal-manure-soil-surface water-milk" chain. The ARGs transfer across ecological boundaries underscored the need to evaluate potential dissemination of high-risk Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes carried by humans and animals. They were capable of producing expanded-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and destroying commonly used antibiotics, leading to possible risk of food-borne horizontal transmission of ARGs. This study not only has important environmental implications for identifying the pathway for ARGs transfer, but also highlights the demand for appropriate policy toward safe regulation of dairy farm and husbandry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qi
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Shuhan Jin
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China
| | - Hailong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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11
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Martins JCL, Pintor-Cora A, Alegría Á, Santos JA, Herrera-Arias F. Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. and report of an mcr-1 colistin-resistance Escherichia fergusonni strain from minced meat in Pamplona, Colombia. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110168. [PMID: 36931145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Foods of animal origin are increasingly considered a source of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria which can disseminate throughout the food chain and become a health concern for humans. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in 100 retail minced meat samples taken in markets in Pamplona, Colombia. A total of 19 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained, 18 identified as E. coli and one as E. fergusonii. Fifteen isolates (78.9 %) carried blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, one (5.2 %) blaSHV and blaTEM genes, one isolate (5.2 %) carried blaCTX-M and one (5.2 %) blaSHV alone. The majority of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene (13 isolates), being the blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-2, and blaCTX-M-8 (one isolate each) also detected. Two SHV-positive isolates presented the blaSHV-5 and blaSHV-12 allele. The isolate identified as E. fergusonii was positive for blaCTX-M-65 gene and mcr-1 gene. Sixteen isolates (84.2 %) belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and grouped together in the phylogenetic tree obtained by MLST; phylogroups E and F were also detected. Transfer of ESBL resistance was demonstrated for the E. fergusonii isolate. Whole genome sequencing of this isolate revealed the presence of plasmids carrying additional resistance genes. This investigation showed the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail samples of minced meat. Also, the isolation of a strain of E. fergusonii is an additional concern, as some resistance genes are located in mobile elements, which can be transmitted to other bacteria. These evidences support the increasing public health concern considering the spreading of resistance genes through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C L Martins
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Alberto Pintor-Cora
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Fanny Herrera-Arias
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia.
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12
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Liu D, Li G, Hong Z, Zhang C, Zhu N, Tan Y, Gao T. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthy Adults in Shenzhen, China. Health Secur 2023; 21:122-129. [PMID: 36867151 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health problems caused by the high transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) have attracted widespread international attention. However, studies on healthy adults in this field are scarce. In this article, we report the microbiological screening results of 180 healthy adults recruited from 1,222 participants between 2019 and 2022 in Shenzhen, China. Findings show a high MDRO carriage rate of 26.7% in those individuals who did not use any antibiotics in the past 6 months and had not been hospitalized within the past year. MDROs were mainly extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli with high resistance to cephalosporin. With the assistance of metagenomic sequencing technology, we also performed long-term observations of several participants and found that drug-resistant gene fragments were prevalent even when MDROs were not detected by drug sensitivity testing. Based on our findings, we suggest that healthcare regulators limit the medical overuse of antibiotics and enact measures to limit its nonmedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Liu
- Ding Liu, MS, is a Senior Scientist, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiu Li
- Guiqiu Li, MD, is a Clinical Laboratory Physician, Clinical laboratory medicine center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Hong
- Zhifan Hong is a Scientist, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Cong Zhang, MS, is a Senior Scientist, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Ning Zhu, PhD, is a Senior Manager, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tan
- Yan Tan, PhD, is Chief Executive Officer, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Ting Gao, PhD, is CMC Director, at Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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13
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Gücükoğlu A, Uyanik T, Çadirci Ö, Uğurtay E, Kanat S, Bölükbaş A. Determination of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in raw water buffalo milk and dairy products by conventional multiplex and real-time PCR. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Hoteit M, Yaghi J, El Khoury A, Daou R, Hindieh P, Assaf JC, Al Dawi J, El Khoury J, Al Jawaldeh A. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Raw Milk in Lebanon: A study on Antibiotic Usage, Antibiotic Residues, and Assessment of Human Health Risk Using the One Health Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1815. [PMID: 36551472 PMCID: PMC9774154 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, persistence, and spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes is a tremendous public health threat that is considered nowadays a critical One Health issue. In Lebanon, the consumption of raw bovine milk has been recently reported as a result of the financial crisis. The objectives of the current study were (1) to evaluate raw bovine milk samples in a comprehensive manner for the types of antibiotics used and their residues, (2) to determine the presence of mesophilic bacteria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and (3) to determine the associated human health risk caused by drinking raw milk with antibiotic residues among all age categories. LC-MS-MS was used to carry out the analysis. From 200 milk samples, 30 (15%) were found contaminated with four major antibiotics. The highest average concentration detected was for oxytetracyline 31.51 ± 13.23 μg/kg, followed by 5.5 ± 0.55 μg/kg for gentamicin, 4.56 ± 0.73 μg/kg for colistin, and 4.44 ± 0.89 μg/kg for tylosin. The mean contamination among most samples was below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Upon comparison with the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the estimated daily intake (EDI) across all age groups was acceptable. The hazard quotient (HQ) was also below 1 across all age groups, signifying the absence of associated health risks for the Lebanese consumers. On the other hand, all milk samples were found exceeding the maximum tolerable value of mesophilic flora. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) were detected and represented by ESBL-producing E. coli and MRSA isolates. Thus, the greatest threat of antibiotic use in Lebanon does not fall under antibiotic residues but rather the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the virulence profile of detected bacteria was not investigated; thus their pathogenicity remains unknown. Therefore, to mitigate this health threat in Lebanon, a "One Health" action plan against ABR is required. It will provide a framework for continued, more extensive action to reduce the emergence and spread of ABR in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition Program Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Yaghi
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Andre El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Rouaa Daou
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Hindieh
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jana Al Dawi
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jennifer El Khoury
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt
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15
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Obaidat MM, Gharaibeh WA. Sheep and goat milk in Jordan is a reservoir of multidrug resistant extended spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamases Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109834. [PMID: 35841807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited data is available on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended spectrum (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases Escherichia coli in sheep and goats in Jordan. This study determined the molecular prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli in 155 sheep and goat flocks across Jordan by testing 948 milk samples. The samples were enriched in MacConkey broth, and then plated on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime. The presence of ESBL and AmpC genes in the E. coli isolates was determined by PCR and the resistance toward critically important antimicrobials was tested by disc diffusion. In total, 1016 E. coli isolates were isolated from the cefotaxime supplemented MacConkey, 382 isolates harbored ESBL genes and 54 harbored blaCMY. The prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHVE. coli in the milk samples were 33.5 %, 31.7 %, 5.7 %. and 1.1 %, respectively. At the flock level, 30.3 % flocks had β-lactamase E. coli, specifically 25.2 %, 20.7 %, 5.2 % and 2.6 % had blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHV E. coli, respectively. About 52.2 % of the isolates harbored both blaCTX-M and blaTEM. A high percentage (>59 %) of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli resisted sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Overall, 93.5 % and 96.3 % of ESBL and AmpC E. coli were resistant to ≥1 another antimicrobial class and 44.5 % and 44.4 % were resistant to ≥3 another antimicrobial class, respectively. This study shows that sheep and goat milk is a reservoir of multidrug resistant ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli, thus good hygienic practices and judicious antimicrobials use are important in small ruminants' farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Wasan A Gharaibeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
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16
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Sahin S, Mogulkoc MN, Kürekci C. Disinfectant and heavy metal resistance profiles in extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolates from chicken meat samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109831. [PMID: 35843029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biocidal compounds are frequently used as disinfectants in poultry industry and their widespread usage has risen concern due to the co-selection and persistence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. In this study, extended spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli isolates (n = 60) obtained from chicken meat were characterized by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and further tested for disinfectant and heavy metal resistance phenotypically and genotypically. Plasmid replicon types of these isolates were also determined. ESBL producing E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin (48.3 %) and gentamicin (15 %). The majority of these isolates (46.5 %) carried blaCTX-M-55 gene. The isolates showed higher minimal inhibitory concentrations to cetylpyridinium chloride (90 %), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (50 %), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (46.7 %), triclosan (38.3 %), benzalkonium chloride (28.3 %), chlorhexidine (21.7 %), acriflavine (3.3 %), benzethonium chloride (1.7 %) and N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1.7 %), but 18.3 % of the isolates were resistant to triclosan. Of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) tolerance genes, mdfA, sugE(c), ydgE and ydgF were most present in all isolates, but the qacE, qacG, oqxA and oqxB genes were not detected. Of genes mediating the heavy metal resistance, the zitB gene was detected in all isolates, whereas the copA and cueO genes were detected in 96.67 % and 95 % of isolates, respectively. The IncFIB plasmid was commonly present (93.3 %) in ESBL producing E. coli isolates. Consequently, given the detection of genes mediating disinfectant and heavy metal resistance commonly in ESBL producing E. coli isolates as well as high rate of MICs against disinfectant compounds, the use of QACs for decontamination of the facilities may not be as effective as expected in poultry sector in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Sahin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Niyazi Mogulkoc
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Cemil Kürekci
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31030, Turkey
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17
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Cardoso M, Prata I, Rebelo I, Nunes T, Pires A, Carneiro C, Bexiga R. Antimicrobial (ESBL) resistance genes in faecal E. coli of calves fed waste milk with antimicrobial residues. J DAIRY RES 2022; 89:1-6. [PMID: 36039956 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029922000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This research paper aimed to evaluate the association between feeding waste milk to calves and the occurrence of antimicrobial multi-resistance by extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes through determining their production by E. coli isolates from 32 dairy farms. Among β-lactamase enzymes, ESBL provide resistance to a wide variety of β-lactam antimicrobials including penicillin and 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Feeding waste milk to calves has been observed to lead to increased antimicrobial resistance in faecal isolates of calves. In each farm included in this study, faecal samples were collected from the rectum of five healthy calves in the first month of life and pooled into a single container. Five isolates from each pool were selected and confirmed to be E. coli by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. ESBL production was confirmed phenotypically on 148 isolates from 31 farms by use of the double-disk synergy test. Genotypic confirmation of ESBL production was performed by PCR for the genes blaCTX-M-1, -2, -8, -9 and blaCMY-2. A questionnaire was also performed and a mixed logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. A negative binomial regression model was also used, in order to assess whether there was any association between certain farm management practices and the number of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from each farm. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was obtained on 40 E. coli isolates from 15 farms (48.4%), whereas genotypic confirmation was obtained on 55 isolates from 20 farms (64.5%). The use of three or more different intramammary antimicrobials to treat mastitis within the previous year significantly impacted the number of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates; on farms that did so, there were more isolates in which ESBL-producing E. coli was present, when compared to farms that had used less formulations within the same time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cardoso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Prata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- HVME - Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Inês Rebelo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Pires
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Carneiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Collis RM, Biggs PJ, Burgess SA, Midwinter AC, Brightwell G, Cookson AL. Prevalence and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in two New Zealand dairy farm environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960748. [PMID: 36033848 PMCID: PMC9403332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human and animal health, with the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials being suggested as the main driver of resistance. In a global context, New Zealand (NZ) is a relatively low user of antimicrobials in animal production. However, the role antimicrobial usage on pasture-based dairy farms, such as those in NZ, plays in driving the spread of AMR within the dairy farm environment remains equivocal. Culture-based methods were used to determine the prevalence and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from farm environmental samples collected over a 15-month period from two NZ dairy farms with contrasting management practices. Whole genome sequencing was utilised to understand the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance gene repertoire of a subset of third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli isolated in this study. There was a low sample level prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli (faeces 1.7%; farm dairy effluent, 6.7% from Dairy 4 and none from Dairy 1) but AmpC-producing E. coli were more frequently isolated across both farms (faeces 3.3% and 8.3%; farm dairy effluent 38.4%, 6.7% from Dairy 1 and Dairy 4, respectively). ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli were isolated from faeces and farm dairy effluent in spring and summer, during months with varying levels of antimicrobial use, but no ESBL- or AmpC-producing E. coli were isolated from bulk tank milk or soil from recently grazed paddocks. Hybrid assemblies using short- and long-read sequence data from a subset of ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli enabled the assembly and annotation of nine plasmids from six E. coli, including one plasmid co-harbouring 12 antimicrobial resistance genes. ESBL-producing E. coli were infrequently identified from faeces and farm dairy effluent on the two NZ dairy farms, suggesting they are present at a low prevalence on these farms. Plasmids harbouring several antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, and bacteria carrying such plasmids are a concern for both animal and public health. AMR is a burden for human, animal and environmental health and requires a holistic “One Health” approach to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M. Collis
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Rose M. Collis,
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sara A. Burgess
- EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C. Midwinter
- EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L. Cookson
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Adrian L. Cookson,
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Khalifeh OM, Obaidat MM. Urinary tract virulence genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli from dairy cows, beef cattle, and small ruminants. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106611. [PMID: 35850234 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli is an important cause of urinary tract infections in humans. ESBL producers E. coli were reported in food-producing animals, but no previous study reported the virulence potential of these isolates. Thus, this study determined the virulence potential of ESBL producers E. coli isolates from 518 beef feces, 610 dairy cow feces, 305 dairy cow milk, 503 sheep milk and 445 goat milk samples. A total of 278 isolates; specifically, 130 from beef feces, 39 from the cow's feces, 42 from cow's milk, 44 from sheep milk and 23 from goats' milk were isolated and then tested for 14 virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. After that, the correlation of virulence genes presence among the isolates was determined statistically. Overall, 97% of the isolates carried fimH, 39% carried iroN E. coli and 32% carried papC. The kpsMT K1, cnf1, papAH, papG allele II & III, papG allele II, and kpsMT II were carried by 6 to 23% of the isolates, while less than 6% of the isolates carried papG allele III, papG allele I, Univcnf, iutA and hlyA. About 68.2% of the isolates carried two or more virulence genes and 41.8% carried three or more. Moreover, the isolates had 71 different profiles of virulence genes, where the most common profiles were fimH alone (86 isolate), fimH + iroN E. coli (35 isolate), fimH + papC (20 isolate), and fimH + papC + iroN E. coli (13 isolate). The adhesion, capsule synthesis and toxins secretion genes were significantly associated (p ˂ 0.01) with each other. These results call for awareness about the risk of food animals as reservoirs of ESBL uropathogenic E. coli that would threaten public health and limits the treatment options for urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mohammad Khalifeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad M Obaidat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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20
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Pattis I, Weaver L, Burgess S, Ussher JE, Dyet K. Antimicrobial Resistance in New Zealand-A One Health Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060778. [PMID: 35740184 PMCID: PMC9220317 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global threat that affects human, animal and, often less acknowledged, environmental health. This complex issue requires a multisectoral One Health approach to address the interconnectedness of humans, animals and the natural environment. The prevalence of AMR in these reservoirs varies widely among countries and thus often requires a country-specific approach. In New Zealand (NZ), AMR and antimicrobial usage in humans are relatively well-monitored and -understood, with high human use of antimicrobials and the frequency of resistant pathogens increasing in hospitals and the community. In contrast, on average, NZ is a low user of antimicrobials in animal husbandry systems with low rates of AMR in food-producing animals. AMR in New Zealand’s environment is little understood, and the role of the natural environment in AMR transmission is unclear. Here, we aimed to provide a summary of the current knowledge on AMR in NZ, addressing all three components of the One Health triad with a particular focus on environmental AMR. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps to help develop research strategies, especially towards mitigating AMR in the environment, the often-neglected part of the One Health triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Pattis
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weaver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Sara Burgess
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Kristin Dyet
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Porirua 5022, New Zealand
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21
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Nüesch‐Inderbinen M, Hänni C, Zurfluh K, Hartnack S, Stephan R. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of
Escherichia coli
and prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in calves from organic and conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1269. [PMID: 35478290 PMCID: PMC8924695 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among commensal Escherichia coli in the fecal microbiota of young calves raised on organic and on conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Further, fecal carriage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae was assessed for calves from both farming systems. Where possible, data on antimicrobial usage (AMU) were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 71 isolates using the disk diffusion method. ESBL producers were characterized by polymerase chain reaction‐based multilocus sequence typing and sequencing of the blaESBL genes. Organically raised calves were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli that showed AMR to ampicillin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–7.61, p = 0.046), streptomycin (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.17–8.92, p = 0.046), kanamycin (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 2.94–43.50, p < 0.001), and tetracycline (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.13–9.31, p = 0.028). Calves with reported AMU were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli with resistance to ampicillin (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.03–14.85, p = 0.045), streptomycin (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.13–16.7, p = 0.045), and kanamycin (OR: 8.69, 95% CI: 2.01–37.7, p = 0.004). ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (18 E. coli and 3 Citrobacter braakii) were detected exclusively among samples from conventionally farmed calves (OR: infinity [∞], 95% CI: 2.3–∞, p < 0.0013). The observations from this study suggest that AMR is highly prevalent among commensal E. coli in young dairy calves, irrespective of the farm management system, with proportions of certain resistance phenotypes higher among organic calves. By contrast, the occurrence of ESBL producers among young dairy calves may be linked to factors associated with conventional farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Hänni
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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22
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Firth CL, Käsbohrer A, Pless P, Koeberl-Jelovcan S, Obritzhauser W. Analysis of Antimicrobial Use and the Presence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria on Austrian Dairy Farms-A Pilot Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:124. [PMID: 35203728 PMCID: PMC8868072 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The assumed link between high levels of antimicrobial use on farms and selection for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria on that farm remains difficult to prove. In the pilot study presented here, we analysed total antimicrobial use on 50 dairy farms in Austria and also collected environmental samples to ascertain whether specific AMR bacteria were present. Antimicrobial use (AMU) analysis was based on electronic veterinary treatment records over a one-year period. Faecal samples for the assessment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were collected from cowsheds, calf pens, and youngstock housing areas, as well as dust samples from barns, to isolate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bacteriological cultures were carried out on selective agar. Farms were split into groups of 25 of the highest antimicrobial users and 25 of the lowest users. Overall, samples from 13/50 (26.0%) farms were found to be positive for the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these, eight farms were in the low user group and five were in the high user group. Only one farm was confirmed to harbour MRSA. Statistical analyses demonstrated that there was no significant difference in this study population between high or low antimicrobial use with respect to the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli on farms (p = 0.33). In conclusion, the presence of specific AMR bacteria on farms in this study population was not found to have a statistically proven relationship with their level of antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair L. Firth
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pless
- Veterinary Directorate and Administration, Styrian Provincial Government, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Koeberl-Jelovcan
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Foodborne Infectious Diseases, Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES GmbH), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Obritzhauser
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Veterinary Practice, 8605 Parschlug, Austria
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23
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Aslantaş Ö, Yılmaz EŞ, Büyükaltay K, Kocabağ HD. Whole‐genome sequencing of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing
Enterobacteriaceae
from retail raw milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Aslantaş
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University HatayTurkey
| | - Ebru Şebnem Yılmaz
- Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Science Hatay Mustafa Kemal University HatayTurkey
| | - Kaan Büyükaltay
- Bioinformatic Institute Middle East Technical University AnkaraTurkey
| | - Hamide Deniz Kocabağ
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hatay Turkey
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24
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Mechaala S, Bouatrous Y, Adouane S. First report on the molecular characterization and the occurrence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing
Enterobacteriaceae
in unpasteurized bovine's buttermilk. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mechaala
- Department of Natural Sciences and Life Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bio‐resources (GBVB), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
| | - Yamina Bouatrous
- Department of Natural Sciences and Life Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bio‐resources (GBVB), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
| | - Selma Adouane
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bio‐resources (GBVB), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences Mohamed Khider University Biskra Algeria
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25
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Abreu ACDS, Carazzolle MF, Crippa BL, Barboza GR, Mores Rall VL, de Oliveira Rocha L, Silva NCC. Bacterial diversity in organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production using targeted 16S rRNA sequencing. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Weber LP, Dreyer S, Heppelmann M, Schaufler K, Homeier-Bachmann T, Bachmann L. Prevalence and Risk Factors for ESBL/AmpC- E. coli in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves on Dairy Farms in Germany. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2135. [PMID: 34683456 PMCID: PMC8539614 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to ascertain the fecal ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence and to detect risk factors for their occurrence in young pre-weaned calves and their dams on large dairy farms in Germany. From 2018-2019 we investigated 2816 individual fecal samples from pre-weaned dairy calves and their dams, representing seventy-two farms (mean = 667 milking cows) from eight German federal states. To assess possible risk factors associated with ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence in calves and dams, a questionnaire was performed, collecting management data. We observed an ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence of 63.5% (95% CI: 57.4-69.5) among the sampled calves and 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5-23.5) among the dams. On all farms, at least one positive sample was obtained. To date, this is the highest ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence observed in dairy herds in Europe. Feeding with waste milk was identified as a significant risk factor for a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves. Many calves at large dairies in Germany are fed with waste milk due to the large amounts generated as a result of antibiotic dry-off routines and mastitis treatment with antibiotics. Other notable risk factors for high ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves were the general fitness/health of dams and calves, and the quality of farm hygiene. Taken together, these findings suggest that new or improved approaches to animal health management, for example, antibiotic dry cow management (selective dry cow therapy) and mastitis treatment (high self-recovery), as well as farm hygiene, should be researched and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patricia Weber
- Alta Deutschland GmbH, 29525 Uelzen, Germany;
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
- Research-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Dreyer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Greifswald—Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Greifswald, 17475 Greifwald, Germany;
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Homeier-Bachmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald—Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- Alta Deutschland GmbH, 29525 Uelzen, Germany;
- Research-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Str. 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany
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27
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Dkhili S, Ribeiro M, Ghariani S, Yahia HB, Hillion M, Poeta P, Slama KB, Hébraud M, Igrejas G. Bacteriophages as Antimicrobial Agents? Proteomic Insights on Three Novel Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:626-640. [PMID: 34559008 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, the use of bacteriophages is gaining renewed interest as potential antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure of three lytic bacteriophages infecting Escherichia coli (SD1, SD2, and SD3) using a gel-based proteomics approach and the cellular response of this bacterium to phage SD1 infection at the proteome level. The combination of the results of 1-DE and 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry led to the identification of 3, 14, and 9 structure proteins for SD1, SD2, and SD3 phages, respectively. Different protein profiles with common proteins were noticed. We also analyzed phage-induced effects by comparing samples from infected cells to those of noninfected cells. We verified important changes in E. coli proteins expression during phage SD1 infection, where there was an overexpression of proteins involved in stress response. Our results indicated that viral infection caused bacterial oxidative stress and bacterial cells response to stress was orchestrated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. This article makes an empirical scientific contribution toward the concept of bacteriophages as potential antimicrobial agents. With converging ecological threats in the 21st century, novel approaches to address the innovation gaps in antimicrobial development are more essential than ever. Further research on bacteriophages is called for in this broader context of planetary health and integrative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadika Dkhili
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salma Ghariani
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mélanie Hillion
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR0454 Microbiology Digestive Environment Health (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,INRAE, Metabolism Exploration Platform, Proteomic Component (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Michel Hébraud
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR0454 Microbiology Digestive Environment Health (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,INRAE, Metabolism Exploration Platform, Proteomic Component (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Ramos GLDPA, Nascimento JDS. Antibiotic resistance profile and detection of degradative enzymes by Enterobacteriaceae isolated from raw goat milk. Germs 2021; 11:211-220. [PMID: 34422693 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Enterobacteriaceae are often reported as a typical bacterial population in raw milk from any mammalian origin. The frequent concern with bacteria, especially those related to this group of microorganisms, is their increasing resistance to antibiotics and the emergence of enzymes that degrade them. This study aimed to characterize isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from raw goat milk to expose associated safety problems and possible technological challenges. Methods Isolates from 21 raw goat milk samples purchased in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were identified by mass spectrometry, after isolation on Violet Red Bile Glucose agar. The isolates were subjected to evaluation of proteolytic, lipolytic, hemolytic, and biofilm producing activities. Furthermore, resistance profiles and production capacity of enzymes that degrade antimicrobials were evaluated. Results Almost half of the 59 isolates (48%) belonged to the Enterobacter genus, with a significant prevalence of the Serratia (20%) and Klebsiella (11%) genera. The majority showed biofilm-producing activity (90%), while the activity of degradative enzymes was observed in approximately 20%. Few isolates were found with a profile of resistance to antimicrobials, with only one isolate of Klebsiella variicola being classified as multidrug-resistant. However, chromogenic culture media showed high production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases (54% and 46%, respectively), as a presumptive identification. Conclusions A considerable degree of virulence was observed in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, as well as the potential for undesirable technological damage. The characterization and identification of the isolates contributes to the improvement of the risk monitoring process of goat's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luis de Paiva Anciens Ramos
- MD, Departamento de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rua Doutor Mário Viana, 523 - Santa Rosa - Niterói, CEP 24241-002, Brazil
| | - Janaína Dos Santos Nascimento
- PhD, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rua Senador Furtado, 121 - Laboratório 412 - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-021, Brazil
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29
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Hackmann C, Gastmeier P, Schwarz S, Lübke-Becker A, Bischoff P, Leistner R. Pet husbandry as a risk factor for colonization or infection with MDR organisms: a systematic meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1392-1405. [PMID: 33864082 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR organisms (MDROs) pose a relevant risk for patients in modern healthcare. Although ownership of pet animals is common and owners and pets commonly live in close contact, it is still unclear whether pet ownership may be considered as a risk factor for MDRO acquisition prior to hospitalization. METHODS We performed three separate meta-analyses in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, assessing contact to pets as a risk factor for acquisition of MRSA, VRE and MDR Gram-negatives [namely third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCRE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)]. RESULTS We calculated an increased risk of MRSA carriage for dog owners [risk ratio (RR) 2.28, 95% CI 1.47-3.56]. Meta-analysis did not show a significantly higher risk for 3GCRE colonization among owners of different pet species compared with non-pet owners (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.83-1.68 for pet owners in general, RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.56-1.40 for dog owners, RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.58-2.34 for cat owners, RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.43-4.18 for rodent owners, RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.38-2.18 for bird owners, and RR 2.34, 95% CI 0.33-16.63 for lizard/frog owners). For VRE, there were insufficient data to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest contact to pet animals is a risk factor for MRSA, but not for 3GCRE/CRE acquisition. Evaluation of the underlying literature suggested a possible role of pet animals as: (i) vectors for the transmission of MDROs between livestock and humans; as well as (ii) a reservoir for MDROs. Pets, therefore, may promote transmission and reinfection of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hackmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bischoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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Plassard V, Gisbert P, Granier SA, Millemann Y. Surveillance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-, Cephalosporinase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Raw Milk Filters and Healthy Dairy Cattle in Three Farms in Île-de-France, France. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633598. [PMID: 33644154 PMCID: PMC7902890 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test a surveillance protocol able to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, cephalosporinase (AmpC)- and carbapenemase (CP)-producing gram-negative bacteria in three conveniently chosen dairy farms with known prior occurrences of ESBL- and CP-producing strains. The protocol was applied monthly for a year. At each visit, 10 healthy lactating dairy cows were rectally swabbed, and raw milk filters (RMFs) were sampled in two of the three farms. Bacterial isolation was based on a first screening step with MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and commercial carbapenem-supplemented media. We failed to detect CP-producing strains but showed that ESBL-Escherichia strains, found in one farm only (13 strains), were closely associated with multi-drug resistance (12 out of 13). The limited number of conveniently selected farms and the fact that RMFs could not be retrieved from one of them limit the validity of our findings. Still, our results illustrate that ESBL-status changes monthly based on fecal swabs and negative herds should be qualified as “unsuspected” as proposed by previous authors. Although surveillance of farm statuses based on RMF analysis could theoretically allow for a better sensitivity than individual swabs, we failed to illustrate it as both farms where RMFs could be retrieved were constantly negative. Determination of CP herd-level status based on RMFs and our surveillance protocol was hindered by the presence of intrinsically resistant bacteria or strains cumulating multiple non-CP resistance mechanisms which means our protocol is not specific enough for routine monitoring of CP in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie A Granier
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Fougères, France
| | - Yves Millemann
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments de l'ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Friker B, Morach M, Püntener S, Cernela N, Horlbog J, Stephan R. Assessing the microbiological quality of raw goats' and ewes' tank milk samples in Switzerland. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alegría Á, Arias-Temprano M, Fernández-Natal I, Rodríguez-Calleja JM, García-López ML, Santos JA. Molecular Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Foods of Animal Origin and Human Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1312. [PMID: 32085569 PMCID: PMC7068493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of enterobacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) throughout the food chain has become an important health concern. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in foods of animal origin and to investigate the similarities between food and human isolates. The presence of beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was analyzed in 108 food samples, isolating 10 strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Citrobacter freundi, and one of Hafnia alvei. E. coli isolates were compared to a group of 15 strains isolated from human patients by antibiotic susceptibility testing, characterization of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX,), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Nineteen (14 clinical and five food) isolates carried blaCTX, 14 (six clinical and eight food) carried blaTEM, and three (one clinical and two food) carried blaSHV gen. MLST analysis revealed the prevalence of ST131 among the clinical strains, which grouped together in a PFGE cluster. Food isolates showed higher diversity and two of them (ST57) grouped with clinical strains, whereas another two belonged to clonal groups with virulence potential (ST59). In conclusion, the results showed that foods of animal origin must be regarded as a reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria of clinical relevance, which might spread through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Marta Arias-Temprano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Isabel Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Jose M. Rodríguez-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - María-Luisa García-López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús A. Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
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Liu G, Ali T, Gao J, Ur Rahman S, Yu D, Barkema HW, Huo W, Xu S, Shi Y, Kastelic JP, Han B. Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance ( mcr-1) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Bovine Mastitic Milk in China. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:685-696. [PMID: 31755810 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mcr-1 phosphoethanolamine transferase enzymes and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are the main plasmid-mediated mechanisms of resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins, respectively, and currently considered a major concern to humans and food animals. Prevalence of mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cattle has rarely been reported. Our objective was to determine prevalence and characteristics of mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolated from clinical mastitis cases in large dairy farms (>500 cows) in 16 provinces of China. A total of 249 E. coli was isolated from 2,038 mastitic milk samples. Among these isolates, 2.0% (n = 5) and 19.7% (n = 49) were colistin resistant mcr-1-positive and ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. All mcr-1-positive isolates that produced ESBLs also carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and belonged to phylogroup-A. Most mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were located on conjugative plasmids (IncP and IncF, respectively) that were successfully transferred to transconjugants in conjugation experiments. All mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant, exhibiting resistance to common antimicrobials. Multilocus sequence typing of these mcr-1-carrying E. coli isolates revealed four sequence types, reflecting substantial diversity. Multilocus sequence analysis detected evolutionary connection of mcr-1 carrying isolates with our recently reported ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, raising concerns regarding fast dissemination between bacteria. To our knowledge, this was the first nation-wide report describing isolates of E. coli from mastitic milk samples collected on large dairy farms in China, carrying mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes on conjugative plasmids. We concluded that dairy cattle are a potential source of mcr-1-carrying and ESBL-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tariq Ali
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Wenlin Huo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Käppeli N, Morach M, Eicher C, Corti S, Stephan R. Molecular types, virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli causing bovine mastitis. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000369. [PMID: 31897302 PMCID: PMC6924703 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is an important aetiological agent of bovine mastitis worldwide. Methods In this study, 82 E. coli from bovine mastitis milk samples from 49 farms were analysed for their genetic diversity using phylogenetic grouping and multilocus sequence typing. The isolates were examined by PCR for a selection of virulence factors (VFs). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assessed using the disk diffusion method. Results The most prevalent phylogroups were group B1 (41.5 per cent of the isolates) and group A (30.5 per cent). A variety of 35 different sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST1125 (11 per cent), ST58 (9.8 per cent), ST10 (8.5 per cent) and ST88 (7.3 per cent). Aggregate VF scores (the number of unique VFs detected for each isolate) ranged from 1 to 3 for 63.4 per cent of the isolates and were at least 4 for 12.2 per cent. For 24.4 per cent of the isolates, the score was 0. The three most frequent VFs were traT, fyuA and iutA. The majority (72 per cent) of the isolates harboured traT. The majority (68.3 per cent) of the isolates were fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, with 22 per cent resistant to ampicillin and 14.6 per cent to tetracycline. Resistance rates were low for gentamicin (3.7 per cent), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2.4 per cent) and ceftiofur (1.2 per cent), respectively. Conclusion Among the study's sample population, E. coli strains were genotypically diverse, even in cows from the same farm, although some STs occurred more frequently than others. Susceptibility to clinically relevant compounds remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Käppeli
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Morach
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Eicher
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Corti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bitrus AA, Mshelia PA, Kwoji ID, Goni MD, Jajere SM. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampicillin Class C beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from food animals: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.65-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has gained global notoriety due to its public health concern, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of new antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/ampicillin Class C (AmpC)- producing Escherichia coli and other zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans from animals either through the food chain, direct contact or contamination of shared environments. There is a surge in the rate of resistance to medically important antibiotics such as carbapenem, ESBL, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones among bacteria of zoonotic importance. Factors that may facilitate the occurrence, persistence and dissemination of ESBL/AmpC-Producing E. coli in humans and animal includes; 1). o ral administration of antimicrobials to humans primarily (by physician and health care providers) and secondarily to animals, 2). importation of parent stock and day-old chickens, 3). farm management practice and lack of water acidification in poultry, 4). contamination of feed, water and environment, 5). contamination of plants with feces of animals. Understanding these key factors will help reduce the level of resistance, thereby boosting the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of animal and human infections. This review highlights the occurrence, risk factors, and public health importance of ESBL/AmpC-beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, P.M. B 2084 Jos, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Peter Anjili Mshelia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saleh Mohammed Jajere
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Locatelli C, Barberio A, Bonamico S, Casula A, Moroni P, Bronzo V. Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Bovine Clinical Mastitis Using a Ceftiofur-Supplemented Medium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:590-596. [PMID: 31099599 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli causes a significant number of clinical mastitis cases in dairy cattle worldwide. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli is important for both human and animal health. Surveillance reports recorded that the efficacy of most antibiotics is substantially preserved but detection of E. coli from clinical mastitis cases producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases has been reported. These resistance determinants have frequently been associated with multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine if a MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 8 mg/L of ceftiofur (MC-CEF) could be a useful tool to identify cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli among bovine mastitis isolates. During the period 2010-2011, 773 E. coli were isolated from bovine clinical mastitis milk samples collected in 80 dairy farms in Northern Italy. A total of 105 E. coli were selected and assigned either to group randomly selected E. coli (RSEC; n = 53), based on a random selection among the whole collection of 773 E. coli, or to group ceftiofur-resistant E. coli (CEFREC; n = 52). CEFREC isolates were identified by spreading the 773 E. coli isolates on MC-CEF. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to test the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. The MIC results confirmed the ceftiofur resistance in 73.1% (38/52) of CEFREC isolates, whereas all RSEC isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. The comparison of MIC values for each antibiotic tested between the two groups revealed significantly higher frequencies of resistance to antimicrobials other than ceftiofur in the CEFREC group. Resistance profiles highlighted a significantly higher frequency of MDR isolates among CEFREC (73.1%) than RSEC (17%) E. coli. The results showed that MC-CEF may be a useful selective medium to identify cephalosporin-resistant and MDR E. coli on dairy farms, without performing MIC on all the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Locatelli
- 1Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Barberio
- 2Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sondra Bonamico
- 2Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Casula
- 1Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- 1Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,3Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Heath Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- 1Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Salaheen S, Kim SW, Cao H, Wolfgang DR, Hovingh E, Karns JS, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Veal Calf Operations in Pennsylvania. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:74-80. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Huilin Cao
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
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Dell'Orco F, Gusmara C, Loiacono M, Gugliotta T, Albonico F, Mortarino M, Zecconi A. Evaluation of virulence factors profiles and antimicrobials resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from bulk tank milk and raw milk filters. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:77-83. [PMID: 30594031 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data on the presence of pathogenic Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk (BTM) and raw milk filters (RMF) are not available in Italy and there are few studies worldwide. Therefore, a study under field condition was conducted to assess the presence of E.coli pathogenic and commensal (CoEC) strains in BTM and RMF samples and their associated AMR pattern. One hundred forty-nine E.coli isolates were characterized. Among all the isolates, 53 (35.6%) were classified as pathogenic while the other ones were classified as CoEC. Among the pathogenic ones, 23 (54.7%) were classified as enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), 6 (11.3%) as enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC), 2 (3.8%) as enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), 12 (22.6%) harboured virulence factors (VF) common to ETEC+EIEC, and 2 (3.8%) common to ETEC+EAEC. To our knowledge, it is the first time that ETEC isolates harboring VF associated with EAEC or EIEC are observed in raw milk. These data support the presence of transmission of VFs genes among isolates. None of the isolates showed resistance to three or more antimicrobials. The CoEC role as a vector of AMR was confirmed by the presence of 18% ampicillin- and cephalexin-resistant isolates. The presence of AMR in CoEC supports the role of these bacteria as source of resistance genes. Monitoring raw milk by either BTM or RMF analysis, and the relatively cheap procedure applied to identify E.coli pathotypes can be useful to identify hazards related to the spread of enteric diseases and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Dell'Orco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Loiacono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Theo Gugliotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Albonico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mortarino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy.
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Kürekci C, Osek J, Aydın M, Tekeli İO, Kurpas M, Wieczorek K, Sakin F. Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producingEscherichia coliin Turkey: Recent insights. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kürekci
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and LettersAdıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Monika Kurpas
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Fatih Sakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
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Collis RM, Burgess SA, Biggs PJ, Midwinter AC, French NP, Toombs-Ruane L, Cookson AL. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy Farm Environments: A New Zealand Perspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:5-22. [PMID: 30418042 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue for both human and animal health. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria present treatment option challenges and are often associated with heightened severity of infection. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in human and animal health is a main driver for the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Increasing levels of AMU and the development and spread of AMR in food-producing animals, especially in poultry and swine production, has been identified as a food safety risk, but dairy production systems have been less studied. A number of farm management practices may impact on animal disease and as a result can influence the use of antimicrobials and subsequently AMR prevalence. However, this relationship is multifactorial and complex. Several AMR transmission pathways between dairy cattle, the environment, and humans have been proposed, including contact with manure-contaminated pastures, direct contact, or through the food chain from contaminated animal-derived products. The World Health Organization has defined a priority list for selected bacterial pathogens of concern to human health according to 10 criteria relating to health and AMR. This list includes human pathogens such as the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), which can be associated with dairy cattle, their environment, as well as animal-derived food products. ESBL-E represent a potential risk to human and animal health and an emerging food safety concern. This review addresses two areas; first, the current understanding of the role of dairy farming in the prevalence and spread of AMR is considered, highlighting research gaps using ESBL-E as an exemplar; and second, a New Zealand perspective is taken to examine how farm management practices may contribute to on-farm AMU and AMR in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Collis
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,3 Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Leah Toombs-Ruane
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Saidani M, Messadi L, Soudani A, Daaloul-Jedidi M, Châtre P, Ben Chehida F, Mamlouk A, Mahjoub W, Madec JY, Haenni M. Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Clinical Bovine Mastitis in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1242-1248. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Saidani
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Alya Soudani
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Monia Daaloul-Jedidi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Pierre Châtre
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - ANSES Site de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Faten Ben Chehida
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Aymen Mamlouk
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Wassim Mahjoub
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - ANSES Site de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - ANSES Site de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Madec JY, Haenni M. Antimicrobial resistance plasmid reservoir in food and food-producing animals. Plasmid 2018; 99:72-81. [PMID: 30194944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plasmids have been recognized as important vectors for efficient spread of AMR phenotypes. The food reservoir includes both food-producing animals and food products, and a huge diversity of AMR plasmids have been reported in this sector. Based on molecular typing methods and/or whole genome sequencing approaches, certain AMR genes/plasmids combinations were found more frequently in food compared to other settings. However, the food source of a definite AMR plasmid is highly complex to confirm due to cross-sectorial transfers and international spread of AMR plasmids. For risk assessment purposes related to human health, AMR plasmids found in food and bearing genes conferring resistances to critically important antibiotics in human medicine - such as to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems or colistin - have been under specific scrutiny these last years. Those plasmids are often multidrug resistant and their dissemination can be driven by the selective pressure exerted by any of the antibiotics concerned. Also, AMR plasmids carry numerous other genes conferring vital properties to the bacterial cell and are recurrently subjected to evolutionary steps such as hybrid plasmids, making the epidemiology of AMR plasmids in food a moving picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Ye Q, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang J, Xue L, Chen M. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae From Retail Food in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1709. [PMID: 30135680 PMCID: PMC6092486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the β-lactamase genes and phenotypic resistance of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail foods in China. Of 1,024 Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from raw meat products, aquatic products, raw vegetables, retail-level ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, frozen foods, and mushrooms from 2011 to 2014, 164 (16.0%) showed cefotaxime (CTX) and/or ceftazidime (CAZ) cephalosporin resistance, and 96 (9.4%) showed the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. More than 30% isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents except carbapenems (MEM 3.1% and IPM 5.2%), cefoxitin (FOX 6.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC 26%), and 94.8% of the strains were resistant to up to seven antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that blaTEM (81.9%) was the most common gene, followed by blaCTX-M (68.1%) and blaSHV (38.9%). Moreover, 16.8% (72/429) of food samples contained ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae, with the following patterns: 32.9% (23/70) in frozen foods, 27.2% (5/29) in mushrooms, 17.6% (24/131) in raw meats, 13.3% (4/30) in fresh vegetables, 11.1% (8/72) in RTE foods, and 9.3% (9/97) in aquatic products. In addition, 24 of 217 foods collected in South China (11.1%), 25 of 131 foods collected in North of the Yangtze River region (19.1%), and 23 of 81 foods collected in South of the Yangtze River region (28.4%) were positive for ESBL- Enterobacteriaceae. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the 22 of 72 isolates were transconjugants that had received the β-lactamase gene and were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics as well as some non-β-lactam antibiotics. These findings demonstrated that retail foods may be reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics and that resistance genes could be transmitted to humans through the food chain; and the predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in China was isolated from in frozen chicken-meat, followed by frozen pork, cold noodles in sauce, cucumber, raw chicken meat, frozen pasta, brine-soaked chicken and tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Tepeli SÖ, Demirel Zorba NN. Frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)– and AmpC β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae in a cheese production process. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2906-2914. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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ESBL-producing Escherichia coli
and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2017; 5:122-150. [PMID: 32231938 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since around the 2000s, Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to both oxyimino-cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has remarkably increased worldwide in clinical settings. The kind of E. coli is also identified in patients suffering from community-onset infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections. Moreover, recoveries of multi-drug resistant E. coli from the feces of healthy people have been increasingly documented in recent years, although the actual state remains uncertain. These E. coli isolates usually produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as well as acquisition of amino acid substitutions in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and/or ParC, together with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants such as Qnr, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and QepA. The actual state of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitalized patients has been carefully investigated in many countries, while that in healthy people still remains uncertain, although high fecal carriage rates of ESBL producers in healthy people have been reported especially in Asian and South American countries. The issues regarding the ESBL producers have become very complicated and chaotic due to rapid increase of both ESBL variants and plasmids mediating ESBL genes, together with the emergence of various "epidemic strains" or "international clones" of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring transferable-plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the current state of ESBL producers outside hospital settings was overviewed together with the relation among those recovered from livestock, foods, pets, environments and wildlife from the viewpoint of molecular epidemiology. This mini review may contribute to better understanding about ESBL producers among people who are not familiar with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatening rising globally.
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Diab M, Hamze M, Bonnet R, Saras E, Madec JY, Haenni M. OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in raw milk in Lebanon: epidemic spread of dominant Klebsiella pneumoniae clones. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1688-1691. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Diab
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Lyon, France
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Chaleshtori FS, Arani NM, Aghadavod E, Naseri A, Chaleshtori RS. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli recovered from traditional milk products in Kashan, Iran. Vet World 2017; 10:1264-1268. [PMID: 29184374 PMCID: PMC5682273 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1264-1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains as emerging groups of foodborne pathogens are responsible for most foodborne illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in STEC isolated from traditional milk products and their molecular characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 116 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan, Iran, and evaluated for the occurrence of STEC by culturing and molecular methods. The antibiotic resistance of obtained isolates was determined by Kirby Bauer method. Furthermore, isolates were assayed for the presence of Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin gene (eae). RESULTS The incidence of E. coli in 60 ice cream, 30 yoghurt, and 26 cheese samples was 8.33%, 10%, and 11.54%, respectively. The findings showed that 11 out of 11 (100%) E. coli had both stx1 and stx2 while eae gene was not found in E. coli isolated of traditional milk products. For E. coli strains carrying stx1 and stx2, highest antibiotic sensitive levels were related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. CONCLUSION The results showed relationship between the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. These results can be used for further studies on STEC as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Navid Mazroii Arani
- Department of Microbiology Food and Hygiene Control Laboratory, Deputy of Food and Drug, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Afshin Naseri
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Awosile BB, McClure JT, Sanchez J, VanLeeuwen J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Keefe G, Heider LC. Short communication: Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in colostrum from New Brunswick, Canada, dairy cows harbor bla CMY-2 and bla TEM resistance genes. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7901-7905. [PMID: 28780105 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy calves are colonized shortly after birth by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The role of dairy colostrum fed to calves as a potential source of MDR bacteria resistance genes has not been investigated. This study determined the recovery rate of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli in colostrum from cows. The ESC-R E. coli isolates were further investigated to determine their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern and the genes conferring ESC-R. Fresh colostrum was collected from 452 cows from 8 dairy herds in New Brunswick, Canada. The ESC-R E. coli was isolated from the colostrum by using the VACC agar, a selective media for extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for all the suspected ESC-R E. coli isolates using a commercial gram-negative broth microdilution method. Two multiplex PCR were conducted on all the suspected ESC-R E. coli isolates to determine the presence of the blaCTX-M (groups 1, 2, 9, and 8/25) blaCMY-2, blaSHV, and blaTEM resistance genes. The ESC-R E. coli were detected in 20 (4.43%) of the colostrum samples. At least 1 ESC-R E. coli isolate was detected in 6 (75%) of the dairy herds. All ESC-R E. coli had MDR profiles based on minimum inhibitory concentration testing. No blaCTX-M groups genes were detected; however, the blaCMY-2 gene was detected in 9 or 20 (45%) and blaTEM was detected in 7 of 20 (35%) of the ESC-R E. coli. No ESC-R E. coli had both blaCMY-2 and blaTEM resistance genes. This is the first report of blaCMY-2 and blaTEM genes found in E. coli isolates cultured from dairy colostrum to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Awosile
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J VanLeeuwen
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - G Keefe
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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50
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Kuenzli E. Antibiotic resistance and international travel: Causes and consequences. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:595-598. [PMID: 27890665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kuenzli
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Socinstrasse 57, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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