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Hadid M, Alwan N, Dimassi H, Deghel M, El Khatib S, Serhan M, Hassan HF. Microbial assessment of commercial pet foods marketed in the United Arab Emirates. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389981. [PMID: 38855408 PMCID: PMC11157112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the microbiological characteristics of pet food is imperative to safeguard the health and well-being of companion animals, pet owners, and the surrounding environment. Domestic animals, known for carrying harmful microorganisms, pose a significant health risk, especially in close proximity to people and children. Notably, no studies have previously investigated pet food quality in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, in particular, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study examined the microbiological quality of all stock keeping units (SKUs) of pet foods marketed in UAE (n = 118). Parameters assessed include Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC), Enterobacteriaceae, Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC), Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Clostridium species. Among the 118 samples, 33 (28%) exceeded the acceptable TAMC limit of 106 CFU/g, highlighting significant variations based on manufacturers and ingredients. Eight samples (7%) surpassed the maximum Enterobacteriaceae limit of 3 × 102 CFU/g. TYMC levels exhibited variation, with 33 (28%) exceeding the limit of 104 CFU/g. L. monocytogenes was identified in 44 (37%) of the samples, while Salmonella was not detected. Clostridium contamination was observed in 28 (24%) of the samples. Statistical analyses revealed associations between pet food characteristics and microbial quality, underscoring the imperative for international standards to ensure the safety of pet food. These findings carry significant implications for pet owners, regulatory bodies, and the pet food industry, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to enhance the overall quality and safety of pet food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michella Hadid
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maria Deghel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB) at Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hussein F. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Wu H, Ding C, Ma X, Gao Z, Liu S, Liu B, Song S. Microencapsulate Probiotics (MP) Promote Growth Performance and Inhibit Inflammatory Response in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:623-635. [PMID: 37043165 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are prevalent in husbandry around the world due to the abuse of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs); therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives to AGPs in animal feed. Among all the candidates, probiotics are promising alternatives to AGPs against Salmonella infection. The anti-Salmonella effects of three probiotic strains, namely, Lactobacillus crispatus 7-4, Lactobacillus johnsonii 3-1, and Pediococcus acidilactici 20-1, have been demonstrated in our previous study. In this study, we further obtained the alginate beads containing compound probiotics, namely, microencapsulate probiotics (MP), and evaluated its regulatory effect on the health of broilers. We incubated free and microencapsulate probiotics in simulated gastric and intestinal juice for 2 h, and the results showed that compared to free probiotics, encapsulation increased tolerance of compound probiotics in the simulated gastrointestinal condition. We observed that the application of probiotics, especially MP, conferred protective effects against Salmonella typhimurium (S.Tm) infection in broilers. Compared to the S.Tm group, the MP could promote the growth performance (p < 0.05) and reduce the S.Tm load in intestine and liver (p < 0.05). In detail, MP pretreatment could modulate the cecal microflora and upregulate the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae. Besides, MP could reduce the inflammation injury of the intestine and liver, reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) expression, and induce of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) expression. Furthermore, MP could inhibit NLRP3 pathway in ileum, thereby attenuating S.Tm-induced inflammation. In conclusion, MP could be a new feeding supplementation strategy to substitute AGPs in poultry feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xujie Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Management Office of Dafeng, Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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In Vitro Evaluation of Brown Seaweed Laminaria spp. as a Source of Antibacterial and Prebiotic Extracts That Could Modulate the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050823. [PMID: 36899679 PMCID: PMC10000092 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria spp. and their extracts have preventative potential as dietary supplements during weaning in pigs. The first objective of this study was to evaluate increasing concentrations of four whole seaweed biomass samples from two different Laminaria species harvested in two different months in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay. Particularly, February and November whole seaweed biomass samples of L. hyperborea (LHWB-F and LHWB-N) and L. digitata (LDWB-F and LDWB-N) were used. In the next part of the study, the increasing concentrations of four extracts produced from L. hyperborea (LHE1-4) and L. digitata (LDE1-4) were evaluated in individual pure-culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains (second objective). The LHE1-4 and LDE1-4 were obtained using different combinations of temperature, incubation time and volume of solvent within a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (E1-4). In the batch fermentation assay, the L. hyperborea biomass samples, LHWB-F and LHWB-N, lowered Bifidobacterium spp. counts compared to the L. digitata biomass samples, LDWB-F and LDWB-N (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-N reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-F were selected as the most and least promising sources of antibacterial extracts from which to produce LHE1-4 and LDE1-4. In the pure-culture growth assays, E1- and E4-produced extracts were predominantly associated with antibacterial and bifidogenic activities, respectively. LHE1 reduced both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with LDE1 having a similar effect on both of these pathogenic strains, albeit to a lesser extent (p < 0.05). Both LHE1 and LDE1 reduced B. thermophilum counts (p < 0.05). LDE4 exhibited strong bifidogenic activity (p < 0.05), whereas LHE4 increased Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum counts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, antibacterial and bifidogenic extracts of Laminaria spp. were identified in vitro with the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal dysbiosis in newly weaned pigs.
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Park DG, Ha ES, Kang B, Choi I, Kwak JE, Choi J, Park J, Lee W, Kim SH, Kim SH, Lee JH. Development and Evaluation of a Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for the Multiple Detection and Identification of Pathogens in Fermented Foods. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:83-95. [PMID: 36457187 PMCID: PMC9895999 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
These days, bacterial detection methods have some limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and multiple detection. To overcome these, novel detection and identification method is necessary to be developed. Recently, NGS panel method has been suggested to screen, detect, and even identify specific foodborne pathogens in one reaction. In this study, new NGS panel primer sets were developed to target 13 specific virulence factor genes from five types of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Evaluation of the primer sets using singleplex PCR, crosscheck PCR and multiplex PCR revealed high specificity and selectivity without interference of primers or genomic DNAs. Subsequent NGS panel analysis with six artificially contaminated food samples using those primer sets showed that all target genes were multi-detected in one reaction at 108-105 CFU of target strains. However, a few false-positive results were shown at 106-105 CFU. To validate this NGS panel analysis, three sets of qPCR analyses were independently performed with the same contaminated food samples, showing the similar specificity and selectivity for detection and identification. While this NGS panel still has some issues for detection and identification of specific foodborne pathogens, it has much more advantages, especially multiple detection and identification in one reaction, and it could be improved by further optimized NGS panel primer sets and even by application of a new real-time NGS sequencing technology. Therefore, this study suggests the efficiency and usability of NGS panel for rapid determination of origin strain in various foodborne outbreaks in one reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Geun Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Su Ha
- Research and Development Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd, Anyang 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungcheol Kang
- Research and Development Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd, Anyang 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Iseul Choi
- Research and Development Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd, Anyang 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwak
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Research and Development Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd, Anyang 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoong Park
- Research and Development Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd, Anyang 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojung Lee
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Han Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-880-4854 Fax: +82-2-873-5095 E-mail:
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Rodríguez-González S, González-Dávalos L, Robles-Rodríguez C, Lozano-Flores C, Varela-Echavarría A, Shimada A, Mora-Izaguirre O. Isolation of bacterial consortia with probiotic potential from the rumen of tropical calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:62-76. [PMID: 35253270 PMCID: PMC10078749 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to their animal host by balancing the composition of its gastrointestinal microbiota and modulating its immune response. In this work, we studied bacterial consortia isolated from the rumen of 28- and 42-day-old calves to select those showing probiotic capacity. Consortia were characterized and their growth dynamics were determined in several growth media. The number of viable bacteria was larger in the Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRS) than in nutritive medium A (MNA) and the largest was for A3D42. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial consortia in MRS was higher than in MNA and the most susceptible samples were A1D28 and A3D42. In turn, A3D42 showed the highest tolerance to bile salts in MRS and MNA. Moreover, all bacterial consortia showed optimal growth at pH 5, 5.5, 6 and 7 in both media, while their temperature tolerance was higher in MRS. The antagonistic activity of bacterial consortia in MNA was higher than in MRS with A2D42 showing the best antagonistic activity for Pseudomona aureginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) in MNA. Additionally, A1D42 and A2D42 in MRS and A3D42 in MNA had significant adhesion to mucins, and A1D42 in MRS had the highest. Regarding their species composition, all bacterial consortia in MRS belonged to the phylum Firmicutes, and the class Bacilli and bacterial consortia in MNA belonged to three phyla; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus johnsonii were identified in all bacterial consortia in MRS broth. Based on these results, A1D42 and A3D42 grown in MRS showed the best potential as probiotics for calves, which could result in health benefits and improve their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahí Rodríguez-González
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Laura González-Dávalos
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carolina Robles-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lozano-Flores
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Armando Shimada
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Mora-Izaguirre
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Serhan M, Hadid M, Dimassi H, Deghel M, Hassan HF. Microbiological safety of commercial canned and dry pet food products in Lebanon. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:995184. [PMID: 36187806 PMCID: PMC9524538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.995184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the microbiological quality of pet food is essential in providing healthy and safe foods to pets. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological safety of pet food marketed in Lebanon, namely cat and dog products. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in Lebanon nor the Middle East region with reference to pet food quality. Lebanese market was screened and a total of 165 dry and canned pet food products were identified, collected and analyzed for their load of total aerobic microbial count, Enterobacteriaceae species, yeasts and molds, and for the presence of Salmonella and Listeria species. Dry pet food products had higher contamination level compared to canned ones. In terms of non-conformity to the European commission regulations, out of the 165 brands, 11 (7%) had a total aerobic microbial count above 106 cfu/g, and 27 (16%) exceeded 3 × 102 cfu/g as a maximum limit of presumptive Enterobacteriaceae. Among the dry brands, 8 out of 66 (12%) had a contamination level of yeasts and molds above 104 cfu/g. Presumptive Salmonella spp. was detected in 68 (41%) and presumptive Listeria spp. in 106 (64%) of brands. These alarming results necessitates setting and monitoring microbiological standards for pet food in Lebanon. This study contributes as well to the building of a database for knowledge development regarding the potential contamination of pet food by the abovementioned microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Michella Hadid
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maria Deghel
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hussein F. Hassan
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Hussein F. Hassan
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Zhan J, Han Y, Xu S, Wang X, Guo X. Succession and change of potential pathogens in the co-composting of rural sewage sludge and food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:248-258. [PMID: 35760013 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective way to prevent and control the spread of pathogenic microorganisms which could put potential risk to humans and environment, from rural solid waste, especially sewage sludge and food waste. In the study, we aim to analyze the changes of pathogenic bacteria during the co-composting of rural sewage sludge and food waste. The results showed that only 27 pathogenic bacteria were detected after composting, compared to 50 pathogenic bacteria in the raw mixed pile. About 74% of pathogen concentrations dropped below 1000 copies/g after composting. Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Comamonas were the core pathogenic bacteria in the compost, of which concentrations were all significantly lower than that in the raw mixed pile at the end of composting. The concentration of Lactobacillus decreased to 3.03 × 103 copies/g compared to 0 d with 1.25 × 109 copies/g by the end of the composting, while that of Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Comamonas decreased to 2.77 × 104 copies/g, 2.13 × 104 copies/g and 3.38 × 102 copies/g, respectively, with 1.26 × 107 copies/g, 4.71 × 106 copies/g, 1.69 × 108 copies/g on 0 d. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that physicochemical factors and substances could affect the changes of pathogenic bacteria during composting, while temperature was the key influencing factor. In addition, certain potential pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacteroides-Bifidobacterium, show statistically strong and significant co-occurrence during composting, which may increase the risk of multiple infections and also influence their distribution. These findings provide a theoretical reference for biosafety prevention and control in the treatment and disposal of rural solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Su Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xuesong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Guo J, Wang W, Zhao H, Luo Y, Wan M, Li Y. A new PMA-qPCR method for rapid and accurate detection of viable bacteria and spores of marine-derived Bacillus velezensis B-9987. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 199:106537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kao YT, Calabrese S, Borst N, Lehnert M, Lai YK, Schlenker F, Juelg P, Zengerle R, Garstecki P, von Stetten F. Microfluidic One-Pot Digital Droplet FISH Using LNA/DNA Molecular Beacons for Bacteria Detection and Absolute Quantification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040237. [PMID: 35448297 PMCID: PMC9032532 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate detection and quantification of bacterial load with a novel microfluidic one-pot wash-free fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in droplets. The method offers minimal manual workload by only requiring mixing of the sample with reagents and loading it into a microfluidic cartridge. By centrifugal microfluidic step emulsification, our method partitioned the sample into 210 pL (73 µm in diameter) droplets for bacterial encapsulation followed by in situ permeabilization, hybridization, and signal detection. Employing locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA molecular beacons (LNA/DNA MBs) and NaCl-urea based hybridization buffer, the assay was characterized with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The assay performed with single-cell sensitivity, a 4-log dynamic range from a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at ~3 × 103 bacteria/mL to an upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) at ~3 × 107 bacteria/mL, anda linearity R2 = 0.976. The total time-to-results for detection and quantification was around 1.5 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kao
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Silvia Calabrese
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Nadine Borst
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Michael Lehnert
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Yu-Kai Lai
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Franziska Schlenker
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Peter Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-73243
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Maher S, Ryan MT, Gath V, Ravindran R, Kiely C, Rajauria G, Garcia-Vaquero M, Sweeney T. Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35369884 PMCID: PMC8978420 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti-S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (containing 46.6% fucoidan, 18.6% laminarin, 10.7% mannitol, 4.6% alginate) in vitro, and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment). RESULTS In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts (P < 0.05). In the newly weaned pig experiment (12 replicates/treatment), high ANE supplementation increased gain to feed ratio, similar to ZnO supplementation, and reduced faecal Salmonella counts on d 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups (P < 0.05). The challenge experiment included thirty-six pigs from the previous experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments (control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group) apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on d 21 (ZnO-residual group). These dietary treatments had no effect on performance, faecal scores, Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts (P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P < 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota, Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Maher
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vivian Gath
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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11
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Promoting the appreciation and marketability of artisanal Kochkäse (traditional German cheese): A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Silva MBRD, Maffei DF, Moreira DA, Dias M, Mendes MA, Franco BDGDM. Agricultural practices in Brazilian organic farms and microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1185-1196. [PMID: 34365710 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gather data on agricultural practices in organic farms in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and evaluate their relationship with the microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. METHODS AND RESULTS Practices data were based on field observations and interviews with farmers in 10 selected organic lettuce producing farms. Counts of Enterobacteriaceae and surveys for Salmonella were performed in samples of lettuce (before and after washing), fertilizers, irrigation and washing water, all collected in the same farm. Water samples were also tested for total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Contamination of lettuce was influenced by some agricultural practices: chicken manure-based fertilization resulted in higher Enterobacteriaceae counts in lettuce when compared to other types of manure, whereas pre-washed lettuces presented lower microbial counts than non-pre-washed samples. Salmonella was detected in one lettuce sample by qPCR. Escherichia coli was detected in all irrigation water samples. All sample types contained Enterobacteriaceae species commonly reported as opportunistic human pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The data highlight the need for improvement in the good agricultural practices in the studied farms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information on agricultural practices and microbiological characteristics of organic lettuce, contributing to the development of more accurate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Belchior Rosendo da Silva
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Fernanda Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‟Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Andrade Moreira
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Venardou B, O’Doherty JV, Garcia-Vaquero M, Kiely C, Rajauria G, McDonnell MJ, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Prebiotic Potential of Ascophyllum nodosum and Its Extracts Using Selected Bacterial Members of the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:41. [PMID: 35049896 PMCID: PMC8778111 DOI: 10.3390/md20010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum and its extracts are promising antibacterial and prebiotic dietary supplements for pigs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the increasing concentrations of: (1) two whole biomass samples of A. nodosum with different harvest seasons, February (ANWB-F) and November (ANWB-N), in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay, and (2) A. nodosum extracts produced using four different extraction conditions of a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (ANE1-4) and conventional extraction methods with water (ANWE) and ethanol (ANEE) as solvent in individual pure culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains. In the batch fermentation assay, ANWB-F reduced Bifidobacterium spp. counts (p < 0.05) while ANWB-N increased total bacterial counts and reduced Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). Of the ANE1-4, produced from ANWB-F, ANWE and ANEE that were evaluated in the pure culture growth assays, the most interesting extracts were the ANE1 that reduced Salmonella Typhimurium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and B. thermophilum counts and the ANE4 that stimulated B. thermophilum growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the extraction method and conditions influenced the bioactivities of the A. nodosum extracts with ANE1 and ANE4 exhibiting distinct antibacterial and prebiotic properties in vitro, respectively, that merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Mary J. McDonnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Marion T. Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
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14
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Hu Z, Zhang D, Lin H, Ni H, Li H, Guan Y, Jin Q, Wu Y, Guo Z. Low-cost portable bioluminescence detector based on silicon photomultiplier for on-site colony detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339080. [PMID: 34711327 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost, portable bioluminescence detector based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was developed for on-site colony detection, the main components of which are a low-noise photoelectric signal detection and processing circuit, power management module, and high-performance embedded microcontroller subsystem with peripheral circuits. Balanced chopper modulation and lock-in amplification techniques were adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and a zero-adjustment technique was used to eliminate the dark current of the SiPM to expand the dynamic range. Using this bioluminescence detector, adenosine triphosphate could be determined in the range of 3.6 × 10-6 to 3.6 × 10-11 mol/L, and bacterial colonies could be determined in the range of 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL, with a limit of quantitation of 1.0 × 103 CFU/mL. Satisfactory recoveries and precision were obtained. Actual samples were accurately tested and the data were verified by comparison with those from the national standard method. The manufacturing cost of the bioluminescence detector was only $30, which is only approximately 1% of the price of current commercial instruments. This study provides a tool for rapid on-site detection of bacterial colonies, as well as a new concept for the development of low-cost portable detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhende Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hongze Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yihua Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yangbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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15
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Lim HJ, Kang ER, Park MY, Kim BK, Kim MJ, Jung S, Roh KH, Sung N, Yang JH, Lee MW, Lee SH, Yang YJ. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of four bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253402. [PMID: 34138947 PMCID: PMC8211157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classification of clinical symptoms and diagnostic microbiology are essential to effectively employ antimicrobial therapy for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a timely manner. Empirical antibiotic treatment without microbial identification hinders the selective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics and effective patient treatment. Thus, the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures that can be readily adopted by the clinic is necessary to minimize non-essential or excessive use of antibiotics and accelerate patient recovery from LRTI-induced damage. We developed and validated a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay with good analytical performance and high specificity to simultaneously detect four bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The analytical performance of mRT-PCR against target pathogens was evaluated by the limit of detection (LOD), specificity, and repeatability. Two hundred and ten clinical specimens from pneumonia patients were processed using an automatic nucleic acid extraction system for the “respiratory bacteria four” (RB4) mRT-PCR assay, and the results were directly compared to references from bacterial culture and/or Sanger sequencing. The RB4 mRT-PCR assay detected all target pathogens from sputum specimens with a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.29 to 1.71 and conservative LOD of DNA corresponding to 5 × 102 copies/reaction. The concordance of the assay with reference-positive specimens was 100%, and additional bacterial infections were detected from reference-negative specimens. Overall, the RB4 mRT-PCR assay showed a more rapid turnaround time and higher performance that those of reference assays. The RB4 mRT-PCR assay is a high-throughput and reliable tool that assists decision-making assessment and outperforms other standard methods. This tool supports patient management by considerably reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jae Lim
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rim Kang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Jung
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Nackmoon Sung
- Clinical Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yang
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS) and Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Ilham HM, Wijaya M, Suwanto A, Rusmana I. Dominant Enterobacteriaceae in tempeh were primarily originated from soybean. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:861-868. [PMID: 34249392 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During tempeh production, boiling was considered as heat treatment that could significantly reduce or eliminate bacterial population in soybean before fungal inoculation. The objective of this study was to enumerate and trace Enterobacteriaceae communities in pre-boiling soybean, post-boiling soybean, and fresh tempeh designated as RTI and EMP. Standard plate count and qRT-PCR were employed to determine the culturable and non-culturable bacteria, while Enterobacterial Repetitive Intragenic Consensus PCR was conducted to determine the intraspecies genomic variations. Fresh tempeh from both RTI and EMP contained approximately 107 and 108 CFU/g of Enterobacteriaceae respectively. The number of bacteria in pre-boiling soybean were 10,000 times lower than in fresh tempeh. Our study showed that most Enterobacteriaceae were severely injured or quiescent during boiling process and quickly recovered up to 109 CFU/g in fresh tempeh. Some Klebsiella isolates found in tempeh were genetically identical to isolates in soybean, but different from those of medical isolates. This study suggested that soybean could be the main origin of Klebsiella in fresh tempeh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horizon M Ilham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Michael Wijaya
- Biotechnology Research and Development Department, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi, 17539 Indonesia
| | - Antonius Suwanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930 Indonesia
| | - Iman Rusmana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
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17
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Xie X, Liu Z. Simultaneous enumeration of Cronobacter sakazakii and Staphylococcus aureus in powdered infant foods through duplex TaqMan real-time PCR. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Vigors S, O'Shea CJ, Burton EJ, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101179. [PMID: 34098504 PMCID: PMC8187820 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction in antimicrobial use in broiler chicken production is driving the exploration of alternative feed additives that will support growth through the promotion of gastrointestinal health and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of laminarin on growth performance, the expression of nutrient transporters, markers of inflammation and intestinal integrity in the small intestine and composition of the caecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-and-forty day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (40.64 (3.43 SD) g) were randomly assigned to: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet + 150 ppm laminarin; (T3) basal diet + 300 ppm laminarin (5 bird/pen; 16 pens/treatment). The basal diet was supplemented with a laminarin-rich Laminaria spp. extract (65% laminarin) to achieve the two laminarin inclusion levels (150 and 300 ppm). Chick weights and feed intake was recorded weekly. After 35 days of supplementation, one bird per pen from the control and best performing (300 ppm) laminarin groups were euthanized. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Caecal digesta was collected for microbiota analysis (high-throughput sequencing and QPCR). Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm laminarin increased both final body weight (2033 vs. 1906 ± 30.4, P < 0.05) and average daily gain (62.3 vs. 58.2 ± 0.95, P < 0.05) compared to the control group and average daily feed intake (114.1 vs. 106.0 and 104.5 ± 1.77, P < 0.05) compared to all other groups. Laminarin supplementation at 300 ppm increased the relative and absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05) in the caecum. Laminarin supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 17A (IL17A) in the duodenum, claudin 1 (CLDN1) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the jejunum and IL17A, CLDN1 and SLC15A1/peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1/PepT1) in the ileum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with laminarin is a promising dietary strategy to enhance growth performance and 300 ppm was the optimal inclusion level with which to promote a beneficial profile of the gastrointestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C J O'Shea
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - M T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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19
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Valini GAC, Duarte MS, Calderano AA, Teixeira LM, Rodrigues GA, Fernandes KM, Veroneze R, Serão NVL, Mantovani HC, Rocha GC. Dietary nucleotide supplementation as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in weaned piglets. Animal 2020; 15:100021. [PMID: 33573936 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are important to cell growth and division and are crucial to the rapid proliferation of such cells as the intestinal mucosa and immune cells. Accordingly, the nucleotide requirements of animals are high during periods of rapid growth and periods of stress like post-weaning period. Thus, nucleotide supplementation may be a possible alternative to in-feed antibiotics as growth promoter in this phase. The study aimed to evaluate dietary nucleotide supplementation as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics on performance and gut health of weaned piglets. Ninety-six 21-day-old piglets, weighing 7.44 ± 0.65 kg, were allocated into 1 of 3 treatments (8 pens per treatment; 4 pigs per pen) in a 14-day trial. Dietary treatments consisted of control: corn-soybean meal-based diet; nucleotides: control +2 g/kg of a nutritional additive with purified nucleotides; and antibiotic: control +0.8 g/kg of antibiotic growth promoter based on colistin and tylosin. Performance variables and fecal score were not affected (P > 0.05) by supplementing nucleotide or antibiotic. Nucleotides treatment had similar effect to antibiotic and superior to control (P < 0.05) on enhancing duodenum villus height, jejunum crypt depth, and reduction of Paneth cellular area. Duodenum and ileum of animals supplemented with nucleotides or antibiotics had higher (P < 0.05) number of proliferating cells than did those of control animals, whereas the jejunum of animals that received antibiotic diets presented more (P < 0.05) proliferating cells than either the nucleotides or control animals. Jejunum of nucleotide-treated piglets showed a greater number of apoptotic cells than those fed antibiotic or control diets (P < 0.05). Nucleotides and antibiotic treatments decreased the B lymphocyte counts in duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05) but increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05), when compared to the control treatment. Relative abundance of mitogen-activated protein kinases-6, haptoglobin, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA was not influenced (P > 0.05) by treatments. In the ileal, antibiotic supplementation reduced total bacteria quantification compared to nucleotide supplementation or the control (P < 0.05), whereas nucleotides supplementation increased enterobacteria proliferation compared to the antibiotic or control diets (P < 0.05). However, nucleotides and antibiotic reduced (P < 0.05) colon total bacteria quantification when compared to control. These results suggest that the nucleotides source used to weaned piglets improved gut health by modulating the local immune response and modulating intestinal mucosa development, and, therefore, nucleotides may be an alternative to antibiotics as growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A C Valini
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M S Duarte
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A A Calderano
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - L M Teixeira
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - G A Rodrigues
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - K M Fernandes
- Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - R Veroneze
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - N V L Serão
- Departament of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - H C Mantovani
- Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - G C Rocha
- Departament of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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20
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Yavuzer E. Determination of rainbow trout quality parameters with Arduino microcontroller. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yavuzer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Turkey
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21
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Cambon MC, Lafont P, Frayssinet M, Lanois A, Ogier JC, Pagès S, Parthuisot N, Ferdy JB, Gaudriault S. Bacterial community profile after the lethal infection of Steinernema-Xenorhabdus pairs into soil-reared Tenebrio molitor larvae. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5704397. [PMID: 31942980 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The host microbiota may have an impact on pathogens. This is often studied in laboratory-reared hosts but rarely in individuals whose microbiota looks like that of wild animals. In this study, we modified the gut microbiota of the insect Tenebrio molitor by rearing larvae in soil sampled from the field. We showed by high throughput sequencing methods that this treatment modifies the gut microbiota so that it is more diversified than that of laboratory-reared insects, and closely resembled the one of soil-dwelling insects. To describe what the entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus (Enterobacteriaceae), vectored by the soil-dwelling nematode Steinernema, might experience in natural conditions, we studied the infestation of the soil-reared T. molitor larvae with three Steinernema-Xenorhabdus pairs. We performed the infestation at 18°C, which delays the emergence of new infective juveniles (IJs), the soil-dwelling nematode forms, but which is a temperature compatible with natural infestation. We analyzed by high throughput sequencing methods the composition of the bacterial community within the insect cadavers before the first emergences of IJs. These bacterial communities were generally characterized by one or two non-symbiont taxa. Even for highly lethal Steinernema-Xenorhabdus pairs, the symbiont does not dominate the bacterial community within the insect cadaver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine C Cambon
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Lafont
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Frayssinet
- Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Lanois
- Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Claude Ogier
- Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Parthuisot
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ferdy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Gaudriault
- Laboratoire Diversité, Génome et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, INRA-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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22
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Miotto M, Barretta C, Ossai SO, da Silva HS, Kist A, Vieira CRW, Parveen S. Optimization of a propidium monoazide-qPCR method for Escherichia coli quantification in raw seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 318:108467. [PMID: 31835094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared different concentrations of propidium monoazide (PMA), time of exposure to light and different light intensities to determine the optimal conditions for the quantification of viable Escherichia coli in cell suspension and in food matrix. The influence of cell density and the effectiveness of PMA in viable but non-culturable (VBNC) E. coli cells were evaluated and also applied in food matrix. For that purpose, different concentrations of PMA (20 μM, 40 μM, 50 μM, 60 μM and 80 μM) under different times of exposure (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 30 min) to lights of different intensities (500 W and 650 W) were evaluated. After determining the optimal conditions, the PMA-qPCR methods were applied to different compositions of live and heat-killed E. coli suspensions (v:v; 0:1; 1:0; 1:1) in concentrations ranging from 3 Log to 7 Log CFU/mL. The same dilutions were prepared with E. coli in VBNC state and applied in food matrix. The results obtained from qPCR, PMA-qPCR and plate counts were compared. The results suggested that a PMA treatment of 50 μM PMA for 15 min under 650 W light intensity was optimal under our conditions. For E. coli cell suspensions, the amplification of heat-killed cells was inhibited greatly by PMA when concentrations were ≤ 5 Log CFU/mL. For the samples of oyster inoculated with heat-killed cells, E. coli was not detected by PMA-qPCR in concentrations ≤4 Log CFU/g. Regarding the results with VBNC state, we considered the PMA-qPCR method to be applicable for enumerating E. coli VBNC cells in oyster samples. Based on our findings, we further recommend the use of PMA-qPCR with the aim of reducing the amplification of dead cells for improving its performance, since false-positives could still occur depending on the level of E. coli in the sample. The application of the PMA-qPCR for quantification of bacteria, compared to the use of culture-dependent methods, is quite promising. However, further studies are recommended, especially using different food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Miotto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 1346 Admar Gonzaga, 88034-001 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Barretta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 1346 Admar Gonzaga, 88034-001 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sylvia O Ossai
- Food Science and Technology Program, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 2116 Backbone Road, 21853 Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Helen Silvestre da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 1346 Admar Gonzaga, 88034-001 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Airton Kist
- Laboratory of Computational and Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Gen. Carlos Cavalcanti, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Cleide Rosana Werneck Vieira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 1346 Admar Gonzaga, 88034-001 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Salina Parveen
- Food Science and Technology Program, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 2116 Backbone Road, 21853 Princess Anne, MD, United States
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Optimization of Preservation Methods Allows Deeper Insights into Changes of Raw Milk Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030368. [PMID: 32151050 PMCID: PMC7142718 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal instability of raw milk microbiota drastically affects the reliability of microbiome studies. However, little is known about the microbial integrity in preserved samples. Raw cow milk samples were preserved with azidiol or bronopol and stored at 4 °C, or with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or a mixture of azidiol and DMSO and stored at −20 °C for up to 30 days. Aliquots of 5-, 10-, and 30-day post-storage were treated with propidium monoazide (PMA), then analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 and V6-V8 regions. The V6-V8 gave a higher richness and lower diversity than the V3-V4 region. After 5-day storage at 4 °C, the microbiota of unpreserved samples was characterized by a drastic decrease in diversity, and a significant shift in community structure. The treatment with azidiol and DMSO conferred the best community stabilization in preserved raw milk. Interestingly, the azidiol treatment performed as well for up to 10 days, thus appearing as a suitable alternative. However, neither azidiol nor bronopol could minimize fungal proliferation as revealed by PMA-qPCR assays. This study demonstrates the preservative ability of a mixture of azidiol and DMSO and provides deeper insights into the microbial changes occurring during the cold storage of preserved raw milk.
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Mao X, Kusstatscher P, Li H, Chen X, Berg G, Yang M, Cernava T. Microbiome-Guided Exploration of the Microbial Assemblage of the Exotic Beverage "Insect Tea" Native to Southwestern China. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3087. [PMID: 32063890 PMCID: PMC7000658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect tea is a unique beverage that is native to Southwestern China and traditionally produced by local farmers in an elaborate process. It consists of insect larvae excrements that are commonly obtained from meal moths (Pyralis farinalis Linnaeus 1758) reared on a specific plant-based diet. We have reconstructed the whole production process under laboratory conditions in order to obtain microbiome-level insights into this uncommon beverage and to trace back the origin of the prevalent bacteria in the final product. The bacterial community composition was specific for each production stage, with a high proportion of Streptomycetacea, Pseudonocaridaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae in the insect tea. A large proportion of the constituents was traced back to the producing insect (13.2%) and its excrements (43.8%), while the initial plant-based substrate for tea production was found to contribute only 0.6% of the traceable bacteria in the final product. Moreover, an enrichment of Enterobactericeae was observed during the analyzed process steps and verified with complementary analyses. The cultivation experiments indicated a high occurrence of viable bacteria in the tea at 2.7 × 105 ± 1.2 × 105 cfu g-1. The isolated bacteria included Bordetella petrii and Enterococcus spp. that were recovered from a commercial product. By implementing an integrative approach, the insect tea was shown to harbor a species-rich bacterial community that can be traced back to certain plant and insect microbiome constituents from distinct production steps. Moreover, the microbial profile of the insect tea was found to be unique for a food product so far and contained several bacterial groups that are considered from the current perspective as food contaminants or yet unreported in other beverages. Due to the high number of viable bacteria, the tea harbors a so far undescribed dynamic component that might have implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Haoxi Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Maofa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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25
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González-Pérez C, Tanori-Cordova J, Aispuro-Hernández E, Vargas-Arispuro I, Martínez-Téllez M. Morphometric parameters of foodborne related-pathogens estimated by transmission electron microscopy and their relation to optical density and colony forming units. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 165:105691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Xiang W, Lu K, Zhang N, Lu Q, Xu Q. Organic Houttuynia cordata Thunb harbors higher abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes than non-organic origin, suggesting a potential food safe risk. Food Res Int 2019; 120:733-739. [PMID: 31000292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The organic agricultural products has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, a potential food safe risk, resulted by introduction more antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) accompanied with animal manure using to organic farming, has long been overlooked. In current study, the bacterial community, 22 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 4 β-lactams ARGs were respectively investigated in the organic, chemical and wild Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT). A total of 9 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 2 β-lactam ARG subtypes were detected, and the organic HCT harbored more ARG subtypes. The absolute and relative abundance of total ARGs in organic HCT was strikingly higher than that in chemical and wild HCT. The Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Pseudomonadceae, Moraxellaceae and Oxalobacteraceae were the dominant taxa in the chemical and wild HCT, but in the organic HCT, only Enterobacteriaceae posed 83.23% - 87.40% of bacterial community. Fourteen bacterial families might be the possible hosts of ARG subtypes in the HCT. Enterobacteriaceae was a possible host of most ARG subtypes, including tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE and aadA, and it was the main bacteria affecting the behavior of ARGs in the HCT. Additionally, the tetracycline ARG subtypes had more possible hosts. These results help to better understand the ARG potential food safe risk and develop effective measures to prevent the ARG dissemination in organic agricultural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Xiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Kekun Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Nandi Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qianwen Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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Exploring the Brine Microbiota of a Traditional Norwegian Fermented Fish Product ( Rakfisk) from Six Different Producers during Two Consecutive Seasonal Productions. Foods 2019; 8:foods8020072. [PMID: 30769832 PMCID: PMC6406850 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the microbiota of Norwegian fermented fish (rakfisk), a traditional product popular in the Norwegian market. Brine samples, collected from six producers during two subsequent years, were used. The producers applied different salt concentrations (between 3.8% and 7.2% NaCl), ripening temperatures (between 3.5 and 7.5 °C), fish species (trout or char), and fish upbringing (wild trout, on-shore farmed trout or char, and off-shore farmed char). The microbiota in the brine during the ripening process was mainly characterized by DNA-based, culture-independent methods. In total, 1710 samples were processed and of these 1342 were used for the final analysis. The microbiota was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli with the largest variance between samples associated with the genera Psychrobacter and Lactobacillus. The variance in the material was mainly determined by the origin of the samples, i.e., the different producers. The microbiota from the individual producers was to a large extent reproducible from one year to the next and appeared to be determined by the relatively small differences in the salinity and the ripening temperature. This is the first study exploring the microbiota in rakfisk brine and it provides insights into environmental factors affecting the rakfisk ecosystems.
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Ogura A, Iwasaki M, Ogihara H, Teramura H. Evaluation of the Novel Dry Sheet Culture Method for the Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae. Biocontrol Sci 2018; 23:235-240. [PMID: 30584211 DOI: 10.4265/bio.23.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
MC-Media PadTM EB (MMP-EB) , a novel sheet culture method for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae, has been evaluated. When both inclusivity and exclusivity of MMP-EB were assessed using 104 microbes including 51 Enterobacteriaceae strains, all tested Enterobacteriaceae strains grew and formed obvious red-colored colonies and all tested non-Enterobacteriaceae strains were shown different appearance from Enterobacteriaceae strains. For the comparison study of the method, MMP-EB was compared with violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG) according to ISO 21528-2:2017 and PetrifilmTM Enterobacteriaceae Count Plate (Petrifilm EB) method using 100 naturally contaminated food samples. The correlation coefficients between MMP-EB and VRBG, and MMP-EB and Petrifilm EB were 0.940 and 0.972, respectively. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant difference between MMP-EB and both reference methods. Our results demonstrated that MMP-EB was a suitable alternative method for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ogura
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation
| | | | - Hirokazu Ogihara
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
| | - Hajime Teramura
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation.,Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
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Tutar E, Akıncı KS, Akyol İ. Development and application of a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous identification of Brucella melitensis
, Cronobacter sakazakii
and Listeria monocytogenes
in raw milk and cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esen Tutar
- Science and Letters Faculty; Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University; 46060/Avşar Campus Kahramanmaraş Turkey
| | - Kübra Sueda Akıncı
- Health Sciences University; Health Sciences Faculty; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; 34668/Üsküdar İstanbul Turkey
| | - İsmaİl Akyol
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department; Agriculture Faculty; Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University; 46060/Avşar Campus Kahramanmaraş Turkey
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