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Huang X, Tong Y, Zhou F, Zhao Y, Li Q, Chen S, Xiao L, Zeng Z. Comparison of efficacy and safety of different asparaginases in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on nano-magnetic beads immunoassay. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2931-2939. [PMID: 39114732 PMCID: PMC11301484 DOI: 10.62347/cqgk2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different asparaginase formulations in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) based on nano-magnetic bead immunoassay. METHODS Retrospective analysis of adult ALL patients' clinical data who admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Health Vocational College from August 2020 to August 2023. Finally, 65 adult ALL patients were included in this study, including the polyethylene glycol conjugated asparaginase (PEG-ASNase) group (n = 32) and the L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) group (n = 33). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on magnetic nanoparticles was used to determine the activity of ASNase in both groups. The levels of asparagine or glutamine in two groups were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer during induction therapy, and the adverse events of the two groups were observed during the treatment. RESULTS PEG-ASNase demonstrated a slower decrease in enzyme activity, longer action duration, and higher safety profile compared to L-ASNase. PEG-ASNase group and L-ASNase group demonstrated a similar complete remission rate (71.88% vs. 60.61%). Event-free survival was higher in patients receiving PEG-ASNase than those receiving L-ASNase (42.4% and 18.7%). The observed adverse reactions included allergic reactions, pancreatic lesions, gastrointestinal reactions and liver function damage. The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and liver function damage was higher in the L-ASNase group than that in PEG-ASNase group (45.45% and 33.33%). CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the asparaginase treatments in clinical, highlighting the importance of PEG-ASNase for improving treatment protocols in adult ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Tong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yunshuang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zeng
- Scientific Research Department, Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha 410000, Hunan, China
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Wang Z, Dai J, He H, Si T, Ng K, Zheng S, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Yuan H, Yang M. Cellulose Nanofibrils of High Immunoaffinity for Efficient Enrichment of Small Extracellular Vesicles. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400426. [PMID: 38678531 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial in facilitating the transport of diverse molecular cargoes for intercellular communication, have shown great potential in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery. The challenge of developing effective preparation methods for EVs is heightened by their intrinsic heterogeneity and complexity. Here, a novel strategy for high EV enrichment is developed by utilizing EV-affinitive-modified cellulose nanofibrils. Specifically, modified cellulose with rich carboxyl groups has outstanding dispersing properties, able to be dispersed into cellulose nanofibrils in solution. These cellulose nanofibrils are utilized as scaffolds for the immobilization of EV-affinitive antibody of CD63 by chemical conjugation. The CD63-modified nanofibrils demonstrate a superior EV capture efficiency of 86.4% compared with other reported methods. The high performance of this system is further validated by the efficient capture of EVs from biological blood plasma, allowing the detection of bioactive markers from EV-derived miRNAs and proteins. The authors envision that these modified cellulose nanofibrils of enhanced capability on EV enrichment will open new avenues in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tongxu Si
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kaki Ng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Department of Biochip Center, Wuwei Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Zhao J, Han M, Ma A, Jiang F, Chen R, Dong Y, Wang X, Ruan S, Chen Y. A machine vision-assisted Argonaute-mediated fluorescence biosensor for the detection of viable Salmonella in food without convoluted DNA extraction and amplification procedures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133648. [PMID: 38306835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The precise identification viable pathogens hold paramount significance in the prevention of foodborne diseases outbreaks. In this study, we integrated machine vision and learning with single microsphere to develop a phage and Clostridium butyricum Argonaute (CbAgo)-mediated fluorescence biosensor for detecting viable Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) without convoluted DNA extraction and amplification procedures. Phage and lysis buffer was utilized to capture and lyse viable S. typhimurium, respectively. Subsequently, CbAgo can cleave the bacterial DNA to obtain target DNA that guides a newly targeted cleavage of fluorescent probes. After that, the resulting fluorescent signal accumulates on the streptavidin-modified single microsphere. The overall detection process is then analyzed and interpreted by machine vision and learning algorithms, achieving highly sensitive detection of S. typhimurium with a limit of detection at 40.5 CFU/mL and a linear range of 50-107 CFU/mL. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor demonstrates standard recovery rates and coefficients of variation at 93.22% - 106.02% and 1.47% - 12.75%, respectively. This biosensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity and selectivity, presenting a promising method for the rapid and effective detection of foodborne pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Bacterial pathogens exist widely in the environment and seriously threaten the safety of human life. In this study, we developed a phage and Clostridium butyricum Argonaute-mediated fluorescence biosensor for the detection of viable Salmonella typhimurium in environmental water and food samples. Compared with other Salmonella detection methods, this method does not need complex DNA extraction and amplification steps, which reduces the use of chemical reagents and experimental consumables in classic DNA extraction kit methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Minjie Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shilong Ruan
- Daye Public Inspection and Test Center, Daye 435100, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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Armstrong CM, Capobianco JA, Lee J. Magnetic capture device for large volume sample analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297806. [PMID: 38335195 PMCID: PMC10857679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) techniques employing superparamagnetic particles can successfully isolate various components from mixtures. However, their utility can be limited for large-volume samples, viscous samples, or those containing a high density of particulate matter because of the need to generate high field gradients for particle recovery. Therefore, a new class of immunomagnetic particles was devised utilizing a single, macroscopic Pyrex spinbar conjugated with biorecognition elements to address these limitations. Advantages include an inherent capacity for effective mixing, an almost instantaneous recovery of the spinbar that can be performed without expensive equipment and with no loss of magnetic particles during processing, and reduced transfer of sample matrix. As a result, spinbars can provide an effective means for IMS with large-volume assays composed of complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M. Armstrong
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Capobianco
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joe Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Li H, Lu Y, Zhang L, Qin L, Wen H, Fan X, Peng D. Highly Sensitive Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Based Immunochromatography Assay for Rapid Detection of Amantadine in Chicken and Eggs. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 38248400 PMCID: PMC10813809 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Amantadine (AMD) is an antiviral drug that is prohibited for use in livestock and poultry. In this study, carboxyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using the solvothermal method in one step with harmless and inexpensive regents, and they were used to label monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of AMD in microwells with electrostatic adsorption. Then, a magnetic immunochromatography assay (MICA) method was successfully established. Under optimal conditions, the MICA showed a good performance, with a linear range of 0.2~10.0 µg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.068 µg/L with the instrument, and the visual LOD (vLOD) was 0.5 µg/L. There was no cross-reaction with rimantadine and ribavirin. The vLOD in real samples was 1.0 µg/kg. The developed MICA has the advantages of convenience, speed, and sensitivity, which make it suitable for the on-site rapid detection of AMD residues in chicken tissues and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
| | - Yanrong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
| | - Linwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
| | - Liangni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Wuhan Shangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.W.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Zheng L, Jin W, Xiong K, Zhen H, Li M, Hu Y. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne bacteria: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5790-5804. [PMID: 37855707 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food safety is a critical concern for the development and well-being of humanity, as foodborne illnesses caused by foodborne bacteria have increasingly become a major public health concern worldwide. Traditional food safety monitoring systems are expensive and time-consuming, relying heavily on specialized equipment and operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop low-cost, user-friendly and highly sensitive biosensors for detecting foodborne bacteria. In recent years, the combination of nanomaterials with optical biosensors has provided a prospective future platform for the detection of foodborne bacteria. By harnessing the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their high surface area-to-volume ratio and exceptional sensitivity, in tandem with the precision of optical biosensing techniques, a new prospect has opened up for the rapid and accurate identification of potential bacterial contaminants in food. This review focuses on recent advances and new trends of nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens, which mainly include noble metal nanoparticles (NMPs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene nanomaterials, quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials, upconversion fluorescent nanomaterials (UCNPs) and carbon dots (CDs). Additionally, we summarized the research progress of color indicators, nanozymes, natural enzyme vectors and fluorescent dye biosensors, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors and their development prospects. This review provides an outlook on future technological directions and potential applications to help identify the most promising areas of development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zheng
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hongmin Zhen
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yumeng Hu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
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Hu A, Chen L, Geng X, Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang K, Zhu H, Zhu C. Extraction of DNA from trace forensic samples with a modified lysis buffer and chitosan coated magnetic beads. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 67:102932. [PMID: 37713982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The trace amounts of human tissue cells or body fluids left at the crime scene are often mixed with inhibitors such as rust, pigments, and humic acid. The extraction of the DNA from the trace cells is crucial for the investigation of cases. Usually, specially designed magnetic nanoparticles were chosen by the case investigators to enrich and elute DNA, which was then used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The traditional approach often had the following problems, such as low DNA enrichment efficiency, possible DNA breakage, and complex operations. Here, the 1%(w/v) of chitosan (75% deacetylation degree) was used to modify the 50 nm magnetic nanoparticles to gain the Chitosan@Beads, which theoretically carried positively charged in the pH = 5 of lysis buffer so as to adsorb negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interactions. The XPS and FT-IR results demonstrated that chitosan was successfully attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. A set of simulated samples, containing 20 mg/μL of humic acid, pigments, iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+), and the coexistence of the above three substances, were prepared to simulate the case scene. Human bronchial epithelial cells were mixed with the 200 μL of the above simulated samples for DNA extraction. 400 μL of lysis buffer, 20 μL of proteinase K (10 mg/mL) and 20 μL of Chitosan@Beads solution (20 mg/mL) was used for cell disruption and DNA enrichment. The extraction sensitivity of Chitosan@Beads was confirmed to be 10 cells, superior to commercial reagent kits. The Chitosan@Beads@DNA can directly use for "In-situ PCR" with elution-free operations. The STR loci rate of DNA extracted by Chitosan@Beads was around 97.9%, higher than the commercial kit (66.7%). In short, we foresee here developed novel Chitosan@Beads and modified lysis buffer could provide a new model for the DNA extraction of forensic trace evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Forensic Science, Department of Anhui Public Security, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xuelei Geng
- Institute of Forensic Science, Department of Anhui Public Security, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Prinz Setter O, Jiang X, Segal E. Rising to the surface: capturing and detecting bacteria by rationally-designed surfaces. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 83:102969. [PMID: 37494819 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Analytical microbiology has made substantial progress since its conception, starting from potato slices, through selective agar media, to engineered surfaces modified with capture probes. While the latter represents the dominant approach in designing sensors for bacteria detection, the importance of sensor surface properties is frequently ignored. Herein, we highlight their significant role in the complex process of bacterial transition from planktonic to sessile, representing the first and critical step in bacteria detection. We present the main surface features and discuss their effect on the bio-solid interface and the resulting sensing capabilities for both flat and particulate systems. The concepts of rationally-designed surfaces for enhanced bacterial detection are presented with recent examples of sensors (capture probe-free) relying solely on surface cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Prinz Setter
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel; The Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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Caliskan-Aydogan O, Sharief SA, Alocilja EC. Rapid Isolation of Low-Level Carbapenem-Resistant E. coli from Water and Foods Using Glycan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:902. [PMID: 37887095 PMCID: PMC10605215 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are one of the major global issues needing attention. Among them, carbapenemase-producing (CP) E. coli strains are commonly found in clinical and biological samples. Rapid and cost-effective detection of such strains is critical in minimizing their deleterious impact. While promising progress is being made in rapid detection platforms, separation and enrichment of bacteria are required to ensure the detection of low bacterial counts. The current separation methods, such as centrifugation, filtration, electrophoresis, and immunomagnetic separation, are often tedious, expensive, or ineffective for clinical and biological samples. Further, the extraction and concentration of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) are not well documented. Thus, this study assessed the applicability of cost-effective glycan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (gMNPs) for simple and rapid extraction of CP E. coli. The study included two resistant (R)strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing E. coli (R: KPC) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing E. coli (R: NDM). A susceptible E. coli (S) strain was used as a control, a reference bacterium. The gMNPs successfully extracted and concentrated E. coli (R) and E. coli (S) at low concentrations from large volumes of buffer solution, water, and food samples. The gMNPs concentrated up to two and five times their initial concentration for E. coli (R) and E. coli (S) in the buffer solution, respectively. In water and food samples, the concentration of E. coli (S) and E. coli (R) were similar and ranged 1-3 times their initial inoculation. A variation in the concentration from different food samples was seen, displaying the impact of food microstructure and natural microflora. The cost-effective and rapid bacterial cell capture by gMNPs was achieved in 15 min, and its successful binding to the bacterial cells in the buffer solution and food matrices was also confirmed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These results show promising applications of gMNPs to extract pathogens and ARB from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Caliskan-Aydogan
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Saad Asadullah Sharief
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Evangelyn C. Alocilja
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Gao D, Ma Z, Jiang Y. Recent advances in microfluidic devices for foodborne pathogens detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Wang YL, Zhang X, Wang Q, Liu PX, Tang W, Guo R, Zhang HY, Chen ZG, Han XG, Jiang W. Rapid and visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk using a recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow assay combined with immunomagnetic separation. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3741-3754. [PMID: 36073301 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach using lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-LF) combined with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) for the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. METHODS AND RESULTS Under optimum conditions, the average capture efficiency values (CEs) for S. aureus strains (104 CFU ml-1 ) was above 95.0% in PBST and ~80% in milk within 45 min with 0.7 mg immunomagnetic beads. The RPA-LF assay, which comprised DNA amplification via RPA at 39°C for 10 min and visualization of the amplicons through LF strips for 5 min, detected S. aureus within 15 min. The method only detected S. aureus and did not show cross-reaction with other bacteria, exhibiting a high level of specificity. Sensitivity experiments confirmed a detection limit of RPA-LF assay as low as 600 fg reaction-1 for the S. aureus genome (corresponding to approximately 36 CFU of S. aureus), which was about 16.7-fold more sensitive than that of the conventional PCR method. When RPA-LF was used in combination with IMS to detect S. aureus inoculated into artificially contaminated milk, it exhibited a detection limit of approximately 40 CFU reaction-1 . CONCLUSIONS The newly developed IMS-RPA-LF method enabled detection of S. aureus at levels as low as 40 CFU reaction-1 in milk samples without culture enrichment for an overall testing time of only 70 min. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The newly developed IMS-RPA-LF assay effectively combines sample preparation, amplification, and detection into a single platform. Because of its high sensitivity, specificity, and speed, the IMS-RPA-LF assay will have important implications for the rapid detection of S. aureus in contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Guo Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Gan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Gao S, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Pedrero M, Pingarrón JM, Campuzano S, Rocha-Martin J, Guisán JM. Dextran-coated nanoparticles as immunosensing platforms: Consideration of polyaldehyde density, nanoparticle size and functionality. Talanta 2022; 247:123549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Ezenarro JJ, Mas J, Muñoz-Berbel X, Uria N. Advances in bacterial concentration methods and their integration in portable detection platforms: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339079. [PMID: 35569858 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and identification of microbial contaminants is crucial in many sectors, including clinical diagnostics, food quality control and environmental monitoring. Biosensors have recently gained attention among other bacterial detection technologies due to their simplicity, rapid response, selectivity, and integration/miniaturization potential in portable microfluidic platforms. However, biosensors are limited to the analysis of small sample volumes, and pre-concentration steps are necessary to reach the low sensitivity levels of few bacteria per mL required in the analysis of real clinical, industrial or environmental samples. Many platforms already exist where bacterial detection and separation/accumulation systems are integrated in a single platform, but they have not been compiled and critically analysed. This review reports on most recent advances in bacterial concentration/detection platforms with emphasis on the concentration strategy. Systems based on five concentration strategies, i.e. centrifugation, filtration, magnetic separation, electric separation or acoustophoresis, are here presented and compared in terms of processed sample volume, concentration efficiency, concentration time, ability to work with different types of samples, and integration potential, among others. The critical evaluation presented in the review is envision to facilitate the development of future platforms for fast, sensitive and in situ bacterial detection in real sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune J Ezenarro
- Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Waterologies S.L, C/ Dinamarca, 3 (nave 9), Polígono Industrial Les Comes, 08700, Igualada, Spain; Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mas
- Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Naroa Uria
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Arkyne Tehcnologies S.L (Bioo), Carrer de La Tecnologia, 17, 08840, Viladecans, Spain.
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14
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DNAzyme-controlled plasmonic coupling for SERS-based determination of Salmonella typhimurium using hybridization chain reaction self-assembled G-quadruplex. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:140. [PMID: 35275270 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A facile and rapid SERS strategy for S. typhimurium detection based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) self-assembled G-quadruplex DNAzyme (GQH DNAzyme)-controlled plasmonic coupling was developed. GQH DNAzyme is introduced as a biocatalyst to catalyze the oxidation of L-cysteines to cysteines (thiols to disulfides) to assist SERS signal transduction. This is the first time that the self-assembled split GQH DNAzyme-controlled plasmonic coupling is integrated with SERS sensing. The results reveal the proposed SERS strategy can quantify S. typhimurium with a wide linear range (5 to 105 cfu mL-1) and a low detection limit (4 cfu mL-1; n = 5, mean ± standard deviation) and RSD of 7%. The method exhibited preeminent detection performance in spiked samples with recoveries of 93.1-117%. The proposed strategy has great potential for being a versatile SERS platform for detecting a wide spectrum of analytes by replacing them with the corresponding recognition elements. Therefore, this study not only creates a practical platform for pathogenic bacteria identification and related food safety testing and environmental monitoring, but also provides a new paradigm for building SERS sensor. A facile and rapid SERS strategy for S. Typhimurium detection based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) self-assembled G-quadruplex DNAzyme-controlled plasmonic coupling.
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15
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Fan W, Gao XY, Li HN, Guo WP, Li YY, Wang SW. Rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in meat using multiplex immunomagnetic separation and multiplex real-time PCR. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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17
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Yang L, Yi W, Sun F, Xu M, Zeng Z, Bi X, Dong J, Xie Y, Li M. Application of Lab-on-Chip for Detection of Microbial Nucleic Acid in Food and Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765375. [PMID: 34803990 PMCID: PMC8600318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases caused by food-borne or environmental pathogenic microorganisms have been a persistent threat to public health and global economies. It is necessary to regularly detect microorganisms in food and environment to prevent infection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, most traditional detection methods are expensive, time-consuming, and unfeasible in practice in the absence of sophisticated instruments and trained operators. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can be used to detect microorganisms rapidly on site and greatly improve the efficiency of microbial detection. Lab-on-chip (LOC) is an emerging POCT technology with great potential by integrating most of the experimental steps carried out in the laboratory into a single monolithic device. This review will primarily focus on principles and techniques of LOC for detection of microbial nucleic acid in food and environment, including sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Cai Q, Wang R, Qiao Z, Yang W. Single-digit Salmonella detection with the naked eye using bio-barcode immunoassay coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification and a CRISPR-Cas12a system. Analyst 2021; 146:5271-5279. [PMID: 34355716 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to visually detect low numbers of Salmonella in food samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here we present a novel platform for ultrasensitive and visual detection of Salmonella Typhimurium by integrating the bio-barcode immunoassay (BCA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and CRISPR-Cas12a cleavage in a single reaction system (termed as BCA-RPA-Cas12a). In the system, the target bacteria were separated by immunomagnetic nanoparticles and labeled with numerous barcode AuNPs, which carry abundant bio-barcode DNA molecules to amplify the signal. Afterwards, the bio-barcode DNA molecules were amplified by RPA and subsequently triggered the cleavage activity of Cas12a to generate the fluorescence signal. Due to this triplex signal amplification, the BCA-RPA-Cas12a system can selectively detect Salmonella Typhimurium at the single-digit level with the naked eye under blue light within 60 min. Meanwhile, this novel platform was successfully applied to detect Salmonella Typhimurium in spiked milk samples with a similar sensitivity and satisfactory recovery, indicating its potential application in real samples. Furthermore, in virtue of the versatility of the antibody in the stage of BCA, the BCA-RPA-Cas12a system can be extended to further application in other bacteria detection and food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cai
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
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19
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Trends in the bacterial recognition patterns used in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Xu L, Bai X, Bhunia AK. Current State of Development of Biosensors and Their Application in Foodborne Pathogen Detection. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1213-1227. [PMID: 33710346 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks continue to be a major public health and food safety concern. Testing products promptly can protect consumers from foodborne diseases by ensuring the safety of food before retail distribution. Fast, sensitive, and accurate detection tools are in great demand. Therefore, various approaches have been explored recently to find a more effective way to incorporate antibodies, oligonucleotides, phages, and mammalian cells as signal transducers and analyte recognition probes on biosensor platforms. The ultimate goal is to achieve high specificity and low detection limits (1 to 100 bacterial cells or piconanogram concentrations of toxins). Advancements in mammalian cell-based and bacteriophage-based sensors have produced sensors that detect low levels of pathogens and differentiate live from dead cells. Combinations of biotechnology platforms have increased the practical utility and application of biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens. However, further rigorous testing of biosensors with complex food matrices is needed to ensure the utility of these sensors for point-of-care needs and outbreak investigations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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21
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Shi J, Chi H, Cao A, Song Y, Zhu M, Zhang L, Xu F, Huang J. Development of IMBs-qPCR detection method for Yersinia enterocolitica based on the foxA gene. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4653-4662. [PMID: 34173855 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important zoonotic pathogen, which seriously endangers food-safety risk. In this study, the recombinant outer membrane protein OmpF and its antibody were prepared and coupled with immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) to capture Y. enterocolitica in food samples, combining the quantitative PCR detection with primers of virulence factor gene foxA for Yersinia enterocolitica contamination. The results showed that the capture efficiency of approximately 80% using anti-OmpF antibody-immunomagnetic beads and linearly dependent capture under 101-105 CFU/mL Y. enterocolitica compared with less than 10% capture of other bacteria. The detection limit of 64 CFU/mL was obtained based on foxA gene PCR detection combined with capture of the anti-OmpF antibody-immunomagnetic beads to detect Yersinia enterocolitica in artificially contaminated milk and pork samples. Compared to the culture method, the developed IMBs-qPCR method has higher consistency, was less time consuming, which taken together provides an effective alternative method for rapid detection of Y. enterocolitica in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Heng Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Aiping Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yinna Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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22
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Chen H, Li YK, Zhang TT, Bi Y, Shu M, Zhong C, Tang KJ, Wu GP. A Novel Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Immunomagnetic Beads Separation and Ethidium Bromide Monoazide Treatment for Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of Viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Park B, Wang B, Chen J. Label-Free Immunoassay for Multiplex Detections of Foodborne Bacteria in Chicken Carcass Rinse with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:202-209. [PMID: 33216648 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent outbreaks of foodborne pathogens have stimulated the demand of biosensors capable of rapid and multiplex detection of contaminated food. In this study, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was used in simultaneous label-free detection of multiple foodborne pathogens, mainly Salmonella spp. and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), in commercial chicken carcass rinse. The antibodies were immobilized on the same SPRi sensor chip as a label-free immunoassay. Their immobilization concentrations were optimized to be ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL, and independent of pH values. This label-free immunoassay achieved 106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL limit of detection for Salmonella, which was further improved to 1.0 CFU/mL with overnight bacteria enrichment. The injected samples with different bacteria, Salmonella Enteritidis, STEC, and Listeria monocytogenes, have been identified by the same biochip. Moreover, the SPRi signals revealed complex interference effects among coexisting bacteria species in heterogeneous bacteria solutions. This SPRi-based immunoassay demonstrates the great potential in high-throughput screening of multiple pathogenic bacteria coexisting in chicken carcass rinse. The reliability of antibody immobilization and cross-reactions of different antibodies on the same biochip are the major challenges of practical application of SPRi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosoon Park
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Food Science Center, Merieux NutriSciences (China), Shanghai, China
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24
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Wang Z, Cai R, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Immunomagnetic separation: An effective pretreatment technology for isolation and enrichment in food microorganisms detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3802-3824. [PMID: 33337037 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high efficiency and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food are a task of great social, economic, and public health importance. However, the contamination levels of target bacteria in food samples are very low. Owing to the background interference of food ingredients and negative impact of nontarget flora, the establishment of efficient pretreatment techniques is very crucial for the detection of food microorganisms. With the significant advantages of high specificity and great separation efficiency, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) assay based on immunomagnetic particles (IMPs) has been considered as a powerful system for the separation and enrichment of target bacteria. This paper mainly focuses on the development of IMS as well as their application in food microorganisms detection. First, the basic principle of IMS in the concentration of food bacteria is presented. Second, the effect of different factors, including the sizes of magnetic particles (MPs), immobilization of antibody and operation parameters (the molar ratio of antibody to MPs, the amount of IMPs, incubation time, and bacteria concentration) on the immunocapture efficiency of IMPs are discussed. The performance of IMPs in different food samples is also evaluated. Finally, the combination of IMS and various kinds of detection methods (immunology-based methods, nucleic acid-based methods, fluorescence methods, and biosensors) to detect pathogenic and spoilage organisms is summarized. The challenges and future trends of IMS are also proposed. As an effective pretreatment technique, IMS can improve the detection sensitivity and shorten their testing time, thus exhibiting broad prospect in the field of food bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Combination of Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Cell Isolation and Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Microfluidic Device for the Negative Selection-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:921. [PMID: 32903713 PMCID: PMC7438881 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative selection-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation is able to harvest viable, label-free, and clinically meaningful CTCs from the cancer patients' blood. Nevertheless, its main shortcoming is its inability to isolate high-purity CTCs, restricting subsequent CTC-related analysis. To address this issue, this study proposed a two-step optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) cell manipulation to process the cell sample harvested by negative selection-/immunomagnetic microbeads-based CTC isolation. The working mechanism is that the ODEP force acting on the cells with and without magnetic microbeads binding is different. Accordingly, the use of ODEP cell manipulation in a microfluidic system was designed to first separate and then isolate the cancer cells from other magnetic microbead-bound cells. Immunofluorescent microscopic observation and ODEP cell manipulation were then performed to refine the purity of the cancer cells. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for effective cell isolation were determined experimentally. The results revealed that the presented method was able to further refine the purity of cancer cell in the sample obtained after negative selection-based CTC isolation with high cell purity (81.6~86.1%). Overall, this study proposed the combination of immunomagnetic bead-based cell isolation and ODEP cell manipulation for the negative selection-based isolation of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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26
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Wang L, Lin J. Recent advances on magnetic nanobead based biosensors: From separation to detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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YEĞENOĞLU AKÇINAR H, ASLIM* B, TORUL H, GÜVEN B, ZENGİN A, SULUDERE Z, BOYACI İH, TAMER U. Immunomagnetic separation and Listeriamonocytogenes detection with surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1157-1167. [PMID: 32283902 PMCID: PMC7379434 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2002-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim We aimed to develop a rapid method to enumerate Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) utilizing magnetic nanoparticle based preconcentration and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements. Materials and methods Biological activities of magnetic Au-nanoparticles have been observed to have the high biocompatibility, and a sample immunosensor model has been designed to use avidin attached Au-nanoparticles for L. monocytogenes detection. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) bacteria cultures were chosen for control studies. Antimicrobial activity studies have been done to identify bio-compatibility and bio-characterization of the Au-nanoparticles in our previous study and capturing efficiencies to bacterial surfaces have been also investigated. Results We constructed the calibration graphs in various population density of L. monocytogenes as 2.2 × 101 to 2.2 × 106 cfu/mL and the capture efficiency was found to be 75%. After the optimization procedures, population density of L. monocytogenes and Raman signal intensity showed a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.991) between 102 to 106 cfu/mL L. monocytogenes. The presented sandwich assay provides low detection limits and limit of quantification as 12 cfu/mL and 37 cfu/mL, respectively. We also compared the experimental results with reference plate-counting methods and the practical utility of the proposed assay is demonstrated using milk samples. Conclusion It is focused on the enumeration of L. monocytogenes in milk samples and the comparision of results of milk analysis obtained by the proposed SERS method and by plate counting method stay in food agreement. In the present study, all parameters were optimized to select SERS-based immunoassay method for L. monocytogenes bacteria to ensure LOD, selectivity, precision and repeatablity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belma ASLIM*
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Hilal TORUL
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Burcu GÜVEN
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Adem ZENGİN
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yüzüncü Yıl University, VanTurkey
| | - Zekiye SULUDERE
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - İsmail Hakkı BOYACI
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Uğur TAMER
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
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Zheng L, Cai G, Qi W, Wang S, Wang M, Lin J. Optical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Based on Porous Gold@Platinum Nanocatalysts and a 3D Fluidic Chip. ACS Sens 2020; 5:65-72. [PMID: 31875386 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Screening of pathogenic bacteria is a key to avoid food poisoning. The major drawbacks of existing assays for foodborne bacteria detection include long time for culture, complex DNA extraction for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and low sensitivity for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), greatly limiting their practical applications. Here, we developed a sensitive optical biosensor based on porous gold@platinum nanocatalysts (Au@PtNCs) and a passive three-dimensional (3D) micromixer for fast detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The target Salmonella cells were first separated using immunomagnetic nanoparticles and the passive 3D micromixer. Then, immune Au@PtNCs were labeled onto the target cells as signal output to catalyze hydrogen peroxide-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Finally, the absorbance was measured at 652 nm to calculate the bacterial amount. This optical biosensor could detect Salmonella at concentrations from 1.8 × 101 to 1.8 × 107 CFU/mL in 1 h. Its detection limit was calculated to be 17 CFU/mL. Besides, this passive 3D micromixer could magnetically separate 99% of target bacteria from the sample in 10 min. This biosensor has the potential to be extended to detect other bacteria by changing the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wuzhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Tominaga T, Ishii M. Detection of microorganisms with lateral flow test strips. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wang J, Gu Z, Miao B, Zhao L, Liu X, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Li J. Detection of Multiple Samples Based on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors and Magnetic Microbeads. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- The College of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200072 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Cheng
- The College of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200072 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 People's Republic of China
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Brosel-Oliu S, Abramova N, Uria N, Bratov A. Impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays for bacterial detection - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1088:1-19. [PMID: 31623704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Application of the impedance spectroscopy technique to detection of bacteria has advanced considerably over the last decade. This is reflected by the large amount of publications focused on basic research and applications of impedance biosensors. Employment of modern technologies to significantly reduce dimension of impedimetric devices enable on-chip integration of interdigitated electrode arrays for low-cost and easy-to-use sensors. This review is focused on publications dealing with interdigitated electrodes as a transducer unit and different bacteria detection systems using these devices. The first part of the review deals with the impedance technique principles, paying special attention to the use of interdigitated electrodes, while the main part of this work is focused on applications ranging from bacterial growth monitoring to label-free specific bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Brosel-Oliu
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Natalia Abramova
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain; Lab. Artificial Sensors Syst., ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr.49, 197101, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Naroa Uria
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andrey Bratov
- Departament de Micro-Nano Sistemes, BIOMEMS Group, Institut Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, 08290, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Rapid detection of trace Salmonella in milk and chicken by immunomagnetic separation in combination with a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6067-6080. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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İçöz K, Gerçek T, Murat A, Özcan S, Ünal E. Capturing B type acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells using two types of antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2737. [PMID: 30353996 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One way to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) is to screen cells for multiple surface markers using flow cytometry. In order to develop an alternative microfluidic based method, isolation of B type acute lymphoblastic cells using two types of antibodies should be investigated. The immunomagnetic beads coated with various antibodies are used to capture the B type acute lymphoblastic cells. Single beads, two types of beads and surface immobilized antibody were used to measure the capture efficiency. Both micro and nanosize immunomagnetic beads can be used to capture B type acute lymphoblastic cells with a minimum efficiency of 94% and maximum efficiency of 98%. Development of a microfluidic based biochip incorporating immunomagnetic beads and surface immobilized antibodies for monitoring MRD can be an alternative to current cost and time inefficient laboratory methods. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2737, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutay İçöz
- BioMINDS (Bio Micro/Nano Devices and Sensors) Lab, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Bioengineering Dept., Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tayyibe Gerçek
- BioMINDS (Bio Micro/Nano Devices and Sensors) Lab, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Bioengineering Dept., Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Murat
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Servet Özcan
- Biology Dept., Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Ünal
- Pediatric Oncology Dept., Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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