1
|
Stevens MJA, Stephan R, Horlbog JA, Cernela N, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Whole genome sequence-based characterization of Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses over a three-year period in a big poultry slaughterhouse reveals high genetic diversity and a recurring genomic lineage of Campylobacter jejuni. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 119:105578. [PMID: 38417639 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter is among the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe and is primarily linked to the consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to assess genomic diversity and to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of 155 Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses (neck skin samples) in a large-scale Swiss poultry abattoir over a three-year period. Samples originated from broilers from three different types of farming systems (particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS), free-range farms, and organic farms). Campylobacter jejuni (n = 127) and Campylobacter coli (n = 28) were analysed using a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach (MiniSeq; Illumina). Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into complex types (CTs) using the cgMLST SeqSphere+ scheme. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), and virulence genes were identified using the virulence factor database (VFDB). A high degree of genetic diversity was observed. Many sequence types (C. jejuni ST19, ST21, ST48, ST50, ST122, ST262 and C. coli ST827) occurred more than once and were distributed throughout the study period, irrespective of the year of isolation and of the broiler farming type. Antimicrobial resistance determinants included blaOXA and tet(O) genes, as well as the T86I substitution within GyrA. Virulence genes known to play a role in human Campylobacter infection were identified such as the wlaN, cstIII, neuA1, neuB1, and neuC1. Subtyping of the Campylobacter isolates identified the occurrence of a highly clonal population of C. jejuni ST21 that was isolated throughout the three-year study period from carcasses from farms with geographically different locations and different farming systems. The high rate of genetic diversity observed among broiler carcass isolates is consistent with previous studies. The identification of a persisting highly clonal C. jejuni ST21 subtype suggests that the slaughterhouse may represent an environment in which C. jejuni ST21 may survive, however, the ecological reservoir potentially maintaining this clone remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jule Anna Horlbog
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahin O, Pang J, Pavlovic N, Tang Y, Adiguzel MC, Wang C, Zhang Q. A Longitudinal Study on Campylobacter in Conventionally Reared Commercial Broiler Flocks in the United States: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity. Avian Dis 2024; 67:317-325. [PMID: 38300653 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Poultry meat contaminated with Campylobacter, a major bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, is considered the primary source of human campylobacteriosis. Thus, reduction or elimination of Campylobacter in poultry production will have a significant impact on food safety and public health. Despite the significant progress made over the last decades, many puzzles remain about the epidemiology of Campylobacter on poultry farms, hampering the development of an effective control strategy. This longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in a U.S. commercial broiler production farm system. Cecal contents (15 samples/flock) and boot swabs (3 samples/flock) were collected from approximately 6-wk-old birds from 406 conventional broiler flocks reared in 53 houses on 15 farms (located within a relatively close geographic proximity and managed by the same poultry integrator) for up to eight consecutive production cycles and cultured for Campylobacter. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from the cecal contents. The prevalence of Campylobacter at the farm, house, and flock levels were found to be 93% (14/15), 79% (42/53), and 47% (192/406), respectively. Campylobacter prevalence varied remarkably among different farms and flocks, with some farms or houses testing consistently negative while others being positive all the time over the entire study period. Campylobacter isolation rate changed significantly by sample type (higher by cecal contents vs. boot swabs) and season/production cycle (higher in spring vs. other seasons). The majority (88%; 2364/2675) of the isolates were identified as C. jejuni, and almost all the rest (11%; 303/2675) were Campylobacter coli. Genotyping showed limited diversity within a flock and suggested persistence of some C. jejuni clones over multiple production cycles on the same farm. In conclusion, this study indicated that although Campylobacter prevalence was overall high, there were marked differences in the prevalence among the broiler flocks or farms tested. Future studies aimed at identification of potential risk factors associated with differential Campylobacter status are warranted in order to develop effective on-farm interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,
| | - Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nada Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berrang ME, McMillan EA, Knapp SW, Meinersmann RJ. Prevalence and Subtype Characterization of Campylobacter in Ceca of Commercial Broiler Chickens at Processing - A 452 Flock, Seven-year Survey. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100170. [PMID: 37777113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Human Campylobacter infections have been associated with chicken and other poultry meat products. Environmental conditions such as temperature and season can affect Campylobacter recoverability from chicken meat products. In the presented study, we sought to investigate the relationship between ambient weather conditions and the isolation of Campylobacter from chicken flocks, as well as the subtype of these isolates. Campylobacter was isolated from the ceca of broilers collected in a commercial processing facility over 7 years, representing 452 flocks. Isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and subtyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Approximately 60% (269/452) of flocks sampled were positive for Campylobacter. There was no significant effect on the presence of detectable Campylobacter by month, season, temperature, or rainfall during grow-out or transportation. Sixty-eight different STs were detected; 45 C. jejuni and 23 C. coli. Diversity as measured by Shannon's diversity index was higher in the spring and fall than in mid-winter and summer. We concluded that in the warm temperate climate of the Southeastern U.S., seasonality does not affect the rate of Campylobacter isolation from broilers, but the diversity of isolates was higher in the milder spring and fall seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Berrang
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Steven W Knapp
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Richard J Meinersmann
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu X, Rothrock MJ, Dev Kumar G, Mishra A. Assessing the Risk of Seasonal Effects of Campylobacter Contaminated Broiler Meat Prepared In-Home in the United States. Foods 2023; 12:2559. [PMID: 37444297 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter has consistently posed a food safety issue in broiler meat. This study aimed to create a quantitative microbial risk assessment model from retail to consumption, designed to evaluate the seasonal risk of campylobacteriosis associated with broiler meat consumption in the United States. To achieve this, data was gathered to build distributions that would enable us to predict the growth of Campylobacter during various stages such as retail storage, transit, and home storage. The model also included potential fluctuations in concentration during food preparation and potential cross-contamination scenarios. A Monte Carlo simulation with 100,000 iterations was used to estimate the risk of infection per serving and the number of infections in the United States by season. In the summer, chicken meat was estimated to have a median risk of infection per serving of 9.22 × 10-7 and cause an average of about 27,058,680 infections. During the winter months, the median risk of infection per serving was estimated to be 4.06 × 10-7 and cause an average of about 12,085,638 infections. The risk assessment model provides information about the risk of broiler meat to public health by season. These results will help understand the most important steps to reduce the food safety risks from contaminated chicken products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Science, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Science, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carney G, Weimer BC, Clyne M, Ó Cróinín T. Different stages of the infection cycle are enriched for Campylobacter strains with distinct phenotypes and levels of fluoroquinolone resistance. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001349. [PMID: 37351946 PMCID: PMC10333793 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide and consumption of contaminated chicken meat is the most common route of infection. Chickens can be infected with multiple strains of Campylobacter and during the infection cycle this pathogen must survive a wide variety of environments. Numerous studies have reported a high degree of genetic variability in this pathogen that can use antigenic and phase variation to alter the expression of key phenotypes. In this study the phenotypic profile of isolates from freshly slaughtered chickens, chicken products in the supermarket and stool samples from infected patients were compared to identify phenotypic changes during the passage of the bacteria through the infection cycle. Isolates from different stages of the infection cycle had altered phenotypic profiles with isolates from human stool samples showing a lower ability to form a biofilm and an increased ability to associate with epithelial cells in vitro. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was found in all cohorts but at a much higher occurrence (94%) in isolates from supermarket chicken. Isolates displaying high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones also were more likely to display a higher tolerance to growth in the presence of oxygen. In conclusion, isolates with specific phenotypes appear to be overly represented at different stages of the infection cycle suggesting that environmental stresses may be enriched for strains with these phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Carney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tadhg Ó Cróinín
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prendergast DM, Lynch H, Whyte P, Golden O, Murphy D, Gutierrez M, Cummins J, Johnston D, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B, O'Connor L, Byrne W. Genomic diversity, virulence and source of Campylobacter jejuni contamination in Irish poultry slaughterhouses by whole genome sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3150-3160. [PMID: 35993276 PMCID: PMC9804324 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to exploit whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess genomic diversity, identify virulence genes and deduce the proportion of Campylobacter colonized broilers that directly contaminate their carcasses. METHODS AND RESULTS Campylobacter jejuni isolates (107) from caeca and carcass neck skin samples (50 pairs from the same batch plus 7 individual caeca) sampled at three poultry slaughterhouses over a one-year period were selected for sequencing (MiSeq; Illumina). FastQ files were submitted to BioNumerics for analysis using the wgMLST scheme for allele calling. Campylobacter cgMLST and hierarchical clustering was performed by applying the single linkage algorithm. Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into clonal complexes (CCs) using the Campylobacter PubMLST.org database. Virulence genes were determined by downloading core sequences from the virulence factor database (VFDB) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A high degree of diversity was observed with 23 different STs identified. ST257 and CC-21 were the most common STs and CCs, respectively. cgMLST analysis suggested that 56% of carcass contamination was a direct result of contamination from caeca from the same batch. Virulence genes known to play a role in human C. jejuni infection were identified such as the wlaN gene and the genes associated with lipooligosaccharide synthesis, which were identified in 30% of isolates. CONCLUSIONS Caecal colonization was the more plausible occurring source of C. jejuni contamination of broiler carcasses, compared with cross-contamination from another batch or the environment. The high rate of genetic diversity observed amongst caecal isolates is consistent with a wide variety of Campylobacter strains circulating in poultry flocks in Ireland. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The results will further inform broiler processors and regulators about the influence and importance of on-farm colonization versus slaughterhouse cross-contamination and the relationship between C. jejuni in caeca and carcasses during processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Lynch
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland,School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Olwen Golden
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | | | - Juliana Cummins
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | - Dayle Johnston
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | | | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Lisa O'Connor
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, IFSCDublin 1Ireland
| | - William Byrne
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asakura H, Yamamoto S, Yamada K, Kawase J, Nakamura H, Abe KI, Sasaki Y, Ikeda T, Nomoto R. Quantitative detection and genetic characterization of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in fresh chicken meats at retail in Japan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1014212. [PMID: 36299715 PMCID: PMC9589359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1014212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal illnesses, and which are considered to be transmitted to humans mainly from chicken meats. Considering the less availability of quantitative contamination data in the retail chicken meats in Japan, 510 fresh chicken meats retailed at five distinct regions in Japan between June 2019 and March 2021 were examined. The quantitative testing resulted that 45.7% of the samples (254/510) were positive at mean ± standard deviation of 1.15 ± 1.03 logCFU/g, whereas 43 samples (8.4%) exceeded 3.0 logCFU/g. Seasonal comparison revealed increased bacterial counts in fall compared with spring and summer. As for the chicken slaughter age, those slaughtered at >75 days old were less contaminated than those at <75 days old. Genome sequencing analyses of 111 representative C. jejuni isolates resulted in the detection of three antimicrobial resistance genes (gyrA substitution T86I, tetO and blaOXA-61) at 25.2, 27.9 and 42.3%, respectively. In silico MLST analysis revealed the predominance of sequence types (ST)-21 clonal complex (CC), followed by ST-45CC and ST-464CC. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic tree largely classified the sequenced C. jejuni isolates into two clusters (I and II), where all C. jejuni from highly contaminated samples (STs-21CC, -22CC and -45CC) belonged to cluster I, independent of both season and slaughter age. To our knowledge, this is the first example to study the current status of Campylobacter contamination levels in fresh chicken meats retailed in Japan. Our data would be contributable to future quantitative microbial risk assessment, to establish effective control measures for campylobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Asakura,
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Kawase
- Department of Bacteriology, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou-ichiro Abe
- Kawasaki City Institute of Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello‐Rodríguez H, Dohmen W, Magistrali CF, Padalino B, Tenhagen B, Threlfall J, García‐Fierro R, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during animal transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07586. [PMID: 36304831 PMCID: PMC9593722 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) during short journeys (< 8 h) and long journeys (> 8 h) directed to other farms or to the slaughterhouse lairage (directly or with intermediate stops at assembly centres or control posts, mainly transported by road) was assessed. Among the identified risk factors contributing to the probability of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), the ones considered more important are the resistance status (presence of ARB/ARGs) of the animals pre-transport, increased faecal shedding, hygiene of the areas and vehicles, exposure to other animals carrying and/or shedding ARB/ARGs (especially between animals of different AMR loads and/or ARB/ARG types), exposure to contaminated lairage areas and duration of transport. There are nevertheless no data whereby differences between journeys shorter or longer than 8 h can be assessed. Strategies that would reduce the probability of AMR transmission, for all animal categories include minimising the duration of transport, proper cleaning and disinfection, appropriate transport planning, organising the transport in relation to AMR criteria (transport logistics), improving animal health and welfare and/or biosecurity immediately prior to and during transport, ensuring the thermal comfort of the animals and animal segregation. Most of the aforementioned measures have similar validity if applied at lairage, assembly centres and control posts. Data gaps relating to the risk factors and the effectiveness of mitigation measures have been identified, with consequent research needs in both the short and longer term listed. Quantification of the impact of animal transportation compared to the contribution of other stages of the food-production chain, and the interplay of duration with all risk factors on the transmission of ARB/ARGs during transport and journey breaks, were identified as urgent research needs.
Collapse
|