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Lamrani Alaoui H, Seffar M, Kassouati J, Zouaki A, Kabbaj H. Rubella seroprevalence among pregnant women in the region of Rabat, Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067842. [PMID: 37263690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present research is to update data on the seroprevalence of rubella and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women in the Rabat region of Morocco in order to take immediate action to monitor the virus. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted at Ibn Sina University Hospital and at referral healthcare centres in the region of Rabat. PARTICIPANTS A total of 502 pregnant women (mean age 29.7±6.3 years, range 17-44 years) attending the maternity department during 8 months were selected for serological testing. OUTCOME MEASURES A structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic, reproductive and clinical characteristics after obtaining written informed consent. Venous blood samples were collected to determine rubella-specific IgG antibodies using an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (ARCHITECT i1000SR and i2000SR, Abbott Diagnostics). RESULTS Antirubella IgG antibodies (≥10 IU/mL) were found in 408 (85.9%) pregnant women examined. The rate of susceptibility to rubella virus infection among pregnant women was found to be 14.1%. These protective rates were found to differ significantly between uneducated pregnant women (80.9%) and those with university-level education (95.5%) (p=0.02). Pregnant women in the 17-24, 25-34 and 35-44 years age groups accounted for 92.5%, 85.2% and 82.8%, respectively (p=0.015). Also, IgG seropositivity status was found to differ significantly between multiparous (83.3%) and primiparous (92.5%) pregnant women (p=0.01). None of the other characteristics was significantly associated with rubella infections. CONCLUSION Vaccination programmes need to be updated to ensure that campaigns reach their specified goals. Thus, implementing an effective, large-scale screening programme for congenital rubella infection in different regions of Morocco is highly recommended. On the other hand, seronegative pregnant women should be given special preventive care and health education about rubella transmission and congenital rubella syndrome sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Lamrani Alaoui
- Pre-Clinical Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Myriam Seffar
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jalal Kassouati
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Hygiene and Community Medicine, Moroccan Military Hospital Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Zouaki
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hakima Kabbaj
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
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Zahir H, Arsalane L, Elghouat G, Mouhib H, Elkamouni Y, Zouhair S. Seroprevalence of rubella in pregnant women in Southern Morocco. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:10. [PMID: 32373261 PMCID: PMC7195913 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.1.18496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubella is a generally benign but dangerous viral infection in early pregnancy, due to the teratogenic potential of the virus. Indeed, it causes spontaneous abortions, in-utero fetal death, premature labor and congenital malformations known as congenital rubella syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine the immune status of rubella in pregnant women in southern Morocco. A prospective, multicentre study was conducted in 2017 for the detection of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies in 380 pregnant women aged 17 to 46 years, using the Architect i1000 chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Eigthy for percent (84.7%) of women were seropositive. Ten percent of multiparous women remained seronegative despite recommendations for vaccination after delivery. Preventive measures against congenital rubella need to be strengthened, and vaccination is needed in non-immunized women. Vaccination awareness campaigns, especially among non-immunized multiparous women, remain essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Zahir
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
| | - Lamiae Arsalane
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
| | - Ghita Elghouat
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
| | - Hanane Mouhib
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
| | - Youssef Elkamouni
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
| | - Said Zouhair
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, avenue Ibn Sina, BP 2360 Marrakech-principal, Maroc
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Choi R, Oh Y, Oh Y, Kim SH, Lee SG, Lee EH. Recent trends in seroprevalence of rubella in Korean women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e030873. [PMID: 31900265 PMCID: PMC6955562 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the immunity against rubella using the serological status of rubella-specific IgG antibodies (antirubella IgG) in Korean women of childbearing age (15-49 years). DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based cross-sectional study in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS Between January 2010 and December 2017, test results from Korean women aged 15-49 years who had visited an obstetric private clinic (nationwide institutions) and had requested rubella-specific IgG antibody tests from Green Cross Laboratories were obtained from the laboratory information system. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2017, antirubella IgG test results from 328 426 Korean women aged 15-49 years who had visited private obstetric clinics (1438 institutions nationwide) were retrospectively analysed by tested year, age, cohort and geographic regions. Over the 8-year study period, the rate of unimmunised women ranged from 7.8% to 9.7%. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models showed that the odds of being immune to rubella (positive and equivocal results of antirubella IgG test) were lower in 2017 compared with 2010, in women in their 40s, in a pre-catch-up cohort and in women living in Incheon, Busan, South Gyeongsang, North and South Jeolla and Jeju provinces (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In consideration of the factors associated with prevalence of women unimmunised to rubella, future public health efforts should be focused on catch-up activities. The results of this study could be used to strengthen disease control and prevent rubella, including a nationwide immunisation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihwa Choi
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Oh
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Oh
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Jonas A, Cardemil CV, Beukes A, Anderson R, Rota PA, Bankamp B, Gary HE, Sawadogo S, Patel SV, Zeko S, Muroua C, Gaeb E, Wannemuehler K, Gerber S, Goodson JL. Rubella immunity among pregnant women aged 15–44 years, Namibia, 2010. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 49:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Thompson KM, Odahowski CL. Systematic Review of Measles and Rubella Serology Studies. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:1459-1486. [PMID: 26077609 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serological tests provide information about individual immunity from historical infection or immunization. Cross-sectional serological studies provide data about the age- and sex-specific immunity levels for individuals in the studied population, and these data can provide a point of comparison for the results of transmission models. In the context of developing an integrated model for measles and rubella transmission, we reviewed the existing measles and rubella literature to identify the results of national serological studies that provided cross-sectional estimates of population immunity at the time of data collection. We systematically searched PubMed, the Science Citation Index, and references we identified from relevant articles published in English. We extracted serological data for comparison to transmission model outputs. For rubella, serological studies of women of child-bearing age provide information about the potential risks of infants born with congenital rubella syndrome. Serological studies also document the loss of maternal antibodies, which occurs at different rates for the different viruses and according to the nature of the induced immunity (i.e., infection or vaccine). The serological evidence remains limited for some areas, with studies from developed countries representing a disproportionate part of the evidence. The collection and review of serological evidence can help program managers identify immunity gaps in the population, which may help them better understand the characteristics of individuals within their populations who may participate in transmission and manage risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Thompson
- Kid Risk, Inc, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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