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Kim H, Kim HG, Lee J, Lim S, Lee K, Kwon BO, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal variability on local-regional scale in subtidal meiofaunal assemblages along the southern coast of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115186. [PMID: 37399734 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the spatiotemporal variability in subtidal meiofaunal assemblages off the southern coast of Korea at local and regional scales. Abiotic and biotic samples were collected by site (three sites at least 10 km apart) within region (three coastal regions at least 50 km apart) over 7 years (2015-2021). The density and taxon richness of meiofaunal assemblages differed significantly among sites, but not among regions or years. The meiofaunal assemblage composition differed significantly among sites, regions, and years. A distance-based multivariate multiple regression analysis revealed that the mean sediment grain size and total nitrogen, lead, nickel, chromium, and aluminum concentrations were key environmental variables determining the variation of the meiofaunal assemblages. This study can provide basic ecological data for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of meiofauna assemblages and aid in the development of management strategies to mitigate marine pollution on the southern coast of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyun Lee
- Marine Act co., 77, Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04790, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Siddique MAM, Linhart O, Krejszeff S, Żarski D, Pitcher TE, Politis SN, Butts IAE. Paternal identity impacts embryonic development for two species of freshwater fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 245:30-35. [PMID: 27401263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paternal, compared to maternal, contributions were believed to have only a limited influence on embryonic development and larval fitness traits in fishes. Therefore, the perspective of male influence on early life history traits has come under scrutiny. This study was conducted to determine parental effects on the rate of eyed embryos of Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius. Five sires and five dams from each species were crossed using a quantitative genetic breeding design and the resulting 25 sib groups of each species were reared to the embryonic eyed stage. We then partition variation in embryonic phenotypic performance to maternal, paternal, and parental interactions using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) model. Results showed that paternal, maternal, and the paternal×maternal interaction terms were highly significant for both species; clearly demonstrating that certain family combinations were more compatible than others. Paternal effects explained 20.24% of the total variance, which was 2-fold higher than the maternal effects (10.73%) in Ide, while paternal effects explained 18.9% of the total variance, which was 15-fold higher than the maternal effects (1.3%) in Northern pike. Together, these results indicate that male effects are of major importance during embryonic development for these species. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that genetic compatibility between sires and dams plays an important role and needs to be taken into consideration for reproduction of these and likely other economically important fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Otomar Linhart
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sławomir Krejszeff
- Department of Lake and River Fisheries, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, PL 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Daniel Żarski
- Department of Lake and River Fisheries, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, PL 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland; Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Aquaculture, 2100 Gödöllő, Páter K. u. 1, Hungary
| | - Trevor E Pitcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Sebastian Nikitas Politis
- DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Marine Ecology and Oceanography, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Slot, Jægersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Ian Anthony Ernest Butts
- DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Marine Ecology and Oceanography, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Slot, Jægersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
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Siddique MAM, Linhart O, Kujawa R, Krejszeff S, Butts IAE. Composition of seminal plasma and ovarian fluid in IdeLeuciscus idusand Northern pikeEsox lucius. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:960-969. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MAM Siddique
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - O Linhart
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - R Kujawa
- Department of Lake and River Fisheries; Warmia and Mazury University; Olsztyn Poland
| | - S Krejszeff
- Department of Lake and River Fisheries; Warmia and Mazury University; Olsztyn Poland
| | - IAE Butts
- DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources; Section for Marine Ecology and Oceanography; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund Denmark
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Siddique MAM, Linhart O, Krejszeff S, Żarski D, Król J, Butts IAE. Effects of preincubation of eggs and activation medium on the percentage of eyed embryos in ide ( Leuciscus idus ), an externally fertilizing fish. Theriogenology 2016; 85:849-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Horemans N, Van Hees M, Saenen E, Van Hoeck A, Smolders V, Blust R, Vandenhove H. Influence of nutrient medium composition on uranium toxicity and choice of the most sensitive growth related endpoint in Lemna minor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 2:427-37. [PMID: 26187266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) toxicity is known to be highly dependent on U speciation and bioavailability. To assess the impact of uranium on plants, a growth inhibition test was set up in the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor. First growth media with different compositions were tested in order to find a medium fit for testing U toxicity in L. minor. Following arguments were used for medium selection: the ability to sustain L. minor growth, a high solubility of U in the medium and a high percentage of the more toxic U-species namely UO2(2+). Based on these selection criteria a with a low phosphate concentration of 0.5 mg L(-1) and supplemented with 5 mM MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid) to ensure pH stability was chosen. This medium also showed highest U toxicity compared to the other tested media. Subsequently a full dose response curve for U was established by exposing L. minor plants to U concentrations ranging from 0.05 μM up to 150 μM for 7 days. Uranium was shown to adversely affect growth of L. minor in a dose dependent manner with EC10, EC30 and EC50 values ranging between 1.6 and 4.8 μM, 7.7-16.4 μM and 19.4-37.2 μM U, respectively, depending on the growth endpoint. Four different growth related endpoints were tested: frond area, frond number, fresh weight and dry weight. Although differences in relative growth rates and associated ECx-values calculated on different endpoints are small (maximal twofold difference), frond area is recommended to be used to measure U-induced growth effects as it is a sensitive growth endpoint and easy to measure in vivo allowing for measurements over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Eline Saenen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Valérie Smolders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Witeska M, Sarnowski P, Ługowska K, Kowal E. The effects of cadmium and copper on embryonic and larval development of ide Leuciscus idus L. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:151-63. [PMID: 23884542 PMCID: PMC3901941 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Cd and Cu on embryos and larvae of the ide Leuciscus idus were evaluated. The ide is an European cyprinid fish, natural populations of which tend to decrease. The ide is also used as a bioindicator organism to evaluate water quality. However, sensitivity of ide early developmental stages to heavy metal intoxication is not known. Fish were exposed to Cd or Cu (100 μg/L) during embryonic, larval or both developmental periods. Survival of the embryos, time of hatching, size and quality of newly hatched larvae were evaluated at the end of embryonic period. Correctly developed larvae from the control and Cd or Cu-exposed groups were transferred to clean water, Cd or Cu solutions (100 μg/L) immediately after hatching. Larval development was observed, and the larvae were photographed. Time of yolk sac resorption, onset of active feeding and swim bladder inflation were evaluated, and the measurements were done on body and swim bladder size. The results showed that exposure of embryos to Cd and Cu significantly reduced embryonic survival and increased frequency of body malformations and death in newly hatched larvae and delayed hatching. Exposure to Cd and Cu during larval period reduced larval survival, growth and delayed development (yolk utilization, beginning of active feeding and swim bladder inflation). Cadmium was more toxic to the ide embryos and larvae than copper. Exposures to metals during embryonic period alone caused adverse impact on larval performance even when larval development took place in clean water. However, exposure of embryos to Cu reduced toxic impact of metal on larvae in continuous Cu exposure compared to the non-preexposed fish, but no such an effect occurred in case of Cd exposure. The results show that even a short-term exposure to Cd or Cu during early development of ide may adversely affect recruitment of this species. Among the measured endpoints, quality of newly hatched larvae (frequency of body malformations and larvae dead immediately after hatching) and swim bladder size were the most sensitive to intoxication with both metals. Embryos were more sensitive to Cu intoxication than larvae, while in case of Cd, sensitivity of both stages was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Witeska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland,
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Aliferis KA, Materzok S, Paziotou GN, Chrysayi-Tokousbalides M. Lemna minor L. as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies performing 1H NMR fingerprinting. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:967-73. [PMID: 19443011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A validated method applying (1)H NMR fingerprinting for the study of metabolic changes caused in Lemna minor L. by various phytotoxic substances is presented. (1)H NMR spectra of crude extracts from untreated and treated colonies with the herbicides glyphosate, mesotrione, norflurazon, paraquat and the phytotoxin pyrenophorol were subjected to multivariate analyses for detecting differences between groups of treatments. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were carried out in order to discriminate and classify treatments according to the observed changes in the metabolome of the plant. Although the compounds at the concentrations used did not cause macroscopically observable symptoms of phytotoxicity, characteristic metabolic changes were detectable by analyzing (1)H NMR spectra. Analyses results revealed that metabonomics applying (1)H NMR fingerprinting is a potential method for the investigation of toxicological effects of xenobiotics on L. minor, and possibly on other duckweed species, helping in the understanding of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Aliferis
- McGill University, Department of Plant Sciences, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.
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Scherr C, Simon M, Spranger J, Baumgartner S. Effects of potentised substances on growth rate of the water plant Lemna gibba L. Complement Ther Med 2009; 17:63-70. [PMID: 19185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated, whether the growth rate of Lemna gibba L. (duckweed) can be influenced by the application of homeopathic potencies of gibberellic acid, kinetin, argentum nitricum, and lemna minor. METHODS Duckweed was grown in either potencies (14x-30x, decimal steps) or water controls (unsuccussed and succussed) over seven days. Frond (leaf-like structure) growth was measured using a non-destructive image analysis system. Growth rates were calculated for three time intervals (0-7, 0-3, 3-7 days). Five to six independent, randomized and blinded experiments were analysed for each of the four tested substances. Water control experiments were performed repeatedly to test the reliability of the experimental set-up (systematic negative controls). RESULTS The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects. Hence, false positive results could be excluded. The test system had a low coefficient of variation (1.5%). Out of the four tested substances gibberellic acid had the most pronounced effect (p=0.0002, F-test) on the main outcome parameter frond growth rate (r(area) day 0-7). Potency levels 15x, 17x, 18x, 23x and 24x reduced growth rate of Lemna gibba (p<0.05 against the pooled water control, LSD test). CONCLUSIONS Lemna gibba may be considered as a suitable test organism for further studies on the efficacy of homeopathic potencies. Evidence accumulates, that adjacent potency levels may strongly differ in their biological activity. Potential consequences for therapeutical application might be worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scherr
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, Frick, Switzerland.
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Scherr C, Simon M, Spranger J, Baumgartner S. Test system stability and natural variability of a Lemna gibba L. bioassay. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3133. [PMID: 18769541 PMCID: PMC2518950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In ecotoxicological and environmental studies Lemna spp. are used as test organisms due to their small size, rapid predominantly vegetative reproduction, easy handling and high sensitivity to various chemicals. However, there is not much information available concerning spatial and temporal stability of experimental set-ups used for Lemna bioassays, though this is essential for interpretation and reliability of results. We therefore investigated stability and natural variability of a Lemna gibba bioassay assessing area-related and frond number-related growth rates under controlled laboratory conditions over about one year. Methology/Principal Findings Lemna gibba L. was grown in beakers with Steinberg medium for one week. Area-related and frond number-related growth rates (r(area) and r(num)) were determined with a non-destructive image processing system. To assess inter-experimental stability, 35 independent experiments were performed with 10 beakers each in the course of one year. We observed changes in growth rates by a factor of two over time. These did not correlate well with temperature or relative humidity in the growth chamber. In order to assess intra-experimental stability, we analysed six systematic negative control experiments (nontoxicant tests) with 96 replicate beakers each. Evaluation showed that the chosen experimental set-up was stable and did not produce false positive results. The coefficient of variation was lower for r(area) (2.99%) than for r(num) (4.27%). Conclusions/Significance It is hypothesised that the variations in growth rates over time under controlled conditions are partly due to endogenic periodicities in Lemna gibba. The relevance of these variations for toxicity investigations should be investigated more closely. Area-related growth rate seems to be more precise as non-destructive calculation parameter than number-related growth rate. Furthermore, we propose two new validity criteria for Lemna gibba bioassays: variability of average specific and section-by-section segmented growth rate, complementary to average specific growth rate as the only validity criterion existing in guidelines for duckweed bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scherr
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland.
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Scherr C, Simon M, Spranger J, Baumgartner S. Duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) as a test organism for homeopathic potencies. J Altern Complement Med 2008; 13:931-7. [PMID: 18047439 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2007.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A bioassay with duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) was used to study the effects of homeopathic potencies on the plant's growth rate. Screening included 12 substances: argentum nitricum, copper sulfate, gibberellic acid, 3-indole acetic acid, kinetin, lactose, lemna minor, methyl jasmonate, metoxuron, phosphorus, potassium nitrate, and sulfur. Each substance was tested in the potency range 14x-30x. Controls were unsuccussed and succussed water. DESIGN In randomized and blinded experiments, duckweed was grown in either potentized substances or water controls over 7 days. Frond (leaf) growth was measured regularly with a computerized image analysis system and growth rates were calculated for different time intervals (day 0-7, 0-3, 3-7). Additionally, a water control run with unsuccussed water as the only test substance was performed to determine the variability of the bioassay. RESULTS For the water control run, the between-group coefficient of variance for groups of five replicates was 0.87% for the frond area-related average specific growth rate r(area) compared to 1.60% for the frond number-related average specific growth rate r(num). Thus, the former is the preferred parameter to be used. Of twelve tested substances, potentized argentum nitricum, phosphorus, and kinetin significantly (p<0.05, analysis of variance F-test) affected the main parameter: frond area-related average specific growth rate (day 0-7). Segmented area growth rates (day 0-3 or 3-7) were affected by potentized argentum nitricum, gibberellic acid, lactose, and phosphorus. CONCLUSIONS The described experimental set-up with L. gibba as test organism appears to be a promising new model system to investigate effects of potentized substances. Yet larger sets of replication experiments with selected test substances and systematic negative controls are necessary to verify the effects found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scherr
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland.
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Naumann B, Eberius M, Appenroth KJ. Growth rate based dose-response relationships and EC-values of ten heavy metals using the duckweed growth inhibition test (ISO 20079) with Lemna minor L. clone St. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:1656-64. [PMID: 17296247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The duckweed Lemna minor L. clone St was used to investigate the effect of 10 heavy metals under the standardised test conditions of the ISO protocol 20079. By using growth rates derived from frond number (FN), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), chlorophyll and carotenoid (Car) contents, concentration-response curves for all heavy metals and all growth parameters were classified. In addition, all data were fitted to obtain the inhibitions of growth rates (E(r)C(x)) at the level of 10%, 20% and 50% (E(r)C(10), E(r)C(20) and E(r)C(50), respectively) then used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the different heavy metals. On the basis of the E(r)C(50) values (average ranking of all five growth parameters), the following series of phytotoxicity was detected by using molar concentrations: Ag(+)>Cd(2+)>Hg(2+)>Tl(+)>Cu(2+)>Ni(2+)>Zn(2+)>Co(2+)>Cr(VI)>As(III)>As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Naumann
- University of Jena, Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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