1
|
Infective Endocarditis by Pasteurella Species: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175037. [PMID: 36078964 PMCID: PMC9456824 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella spp. are non-motile, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative coccobacilli that are commonly found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract of some animals and are known to be the cause of infections. Usually, infections by Pasteurella spp. in humans is more common in the context of an animal bite leading to a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely caused by Pasteurella spp.; however, it can pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas due to its rarity. The aim of the present study was to systematically review all cases of IE by Pasteurella spp. in the literature. A systematic review was performed of PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (through 20 December 2021) for studies providing data on epidemiology and clinical and microbiological characteristics as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by Pasteurella spp. A total of 28 studies containing data for 28 patients were included. Prosthetic valve was present in 21.4% of patients. The aorta was the most commonly involved intracardiac site. Fever, sepsis, septic shock and heart failure were the most common clinical presentations. Cephalosporins, aminopenicillins and penicillin were the antimicrobials used most commonly. Overall mortality was 17.9%.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmoud M, El Kortbi K, Abdalla MI, Habib S. Rare but Fatal Pasteurella multocida Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e22950. [PMID: 35411274 PMCID: PMC8988855 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a small Gram-negative organism that usually causes a localized infection after exposure to cat or dog scratches, bites, or licking wounds. Invasive infections, such as bacteremia and endocarditis, are very rare yet serious conditions that are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with major comorbidities. Here, we report a case of a 47-year-old male who presented to the hospital with altered mental status two weeks after a fall and was found to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Further workup revealed Pasteurella multocida bacteremia and infective endocarditis. The patient had a complex hospital course with septic shock and acute congestive heart failure with poor clinical outcomes. A comprehensive review of the literature of all reported cases of definite Pasteurella endocarditis follows.
Collapse
|
3
|
Carter E, Iroegbu U, Baig W, Sandoe JAT. Pasteurella multocida Endocarditis with Septic Arthritis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/21-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of evidence regarding optimal management of Pasteurella spp. endocarditis. The authors report the first case of Pasteurella spp. endocarditis with septic arthritis and review the literature.
Case Description: A 79-year-old patient with significant comorbidities, including prosthetic aortic valve, was admitted with left knee swelling, fever, and confusion, having been scratched by a cat 2-weeks prior. At presentation, there was a metallic click, a Grade 3 pan-systolic murmur and Grade 1 flow murmur audible on auscultation. Blood and synovial fluid cultures both isolated Pasteurella multocida, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time of flight, which was sensitive to penicillin according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST); minimum inhibitory concentration: 0.094). The patient underwent joint washout and received intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam for 3 days before switching to benzylpenicillin once sensitivities were known. Due to continued pyrexia, a transthoracic echocardiogram was obtained, which revealed a small mobile mass on a thickened mitral valve suspicious for a vegetation. On review by the Infective Endocarditis team, conservative management was deemed best, given the presence of comorbidities. Despite requiring further joint washout due to persistent knee pain, the patient was successfully treated with 8 weeks of antibiotic therapy (24 days of benzylpenicillin monotherapy, 2 weeks of benzylpenicillin and ciprofloxacin, and 15 days ciprofloxacin monotherapy).
Discussion: Previous literature reviews report a higher mortality of Pasteurella spp. endocarditis when managed without cardiac surgery, thus recommending surgery in all cases. The authors found these to have confounding factors, including inadequate duration of antimicrobials, aortic root abscess, and rapid progression to death. The authors’ case of Pasteurella spp. endocarditis, complicated by septic arthritis, showed successful therapy without cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Carter
- Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, UK
| | | | - W Baig
- Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, UK
| | - JAT Sandoe
- Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, UK; University of Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghanem H, Martin C, Farrer W, Sivasubramanian G. Eustachian valve endocarditis due to Pasturella multocida – A novel case. CLINICAL INFECTION IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
5
|
Kannangara DW, Pandya D, Patel P. Pasteurella multocida Infections with Unusual Modes of Transmission from Animals to Humans: A Study of 79 Cases with 34 Nonbite Transmissions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:637-651. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Don Walter Kannangara
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dhyanesh Pandya
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pritiben Patel
- Department of Family Practice, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pasteurella Endocarditis: A Case Report and Statistical Analysis of the Literature. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8890211. [PMID: 32765917 PMCID: PMC7387957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella is a genus of commensal bacteria of the oral cavity of several domesticated animals and a common cause of cellulitis after animal bites. Pasteurella has also been reported as a rare cause of endocarditis, with only 35 prior cases of definite Pasteurella endocarditis in the literature. Here, we present a case of Pasteurella multocida endocarditis treated successfully with surgery and antibiosis, as well as a review of the literature with statistical analysis of correlations between risk factors and clinical outcomes, as well as between treatment choices and clinical outcomes. Despite the small sample size, our analysis indicates a statistically significant correlation between comorbid liver disease and mortality, as well as a significant negative correlation between surgical treatment and mortality. This analysis implies a need for surgical management of endocarditis due to Pasteurella species and for more aggressive management of Pasteurella endocarditis in the setting of comorbid liver disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Guilbart M, Zogheib E, Hchikat AH, Kirat K, Ferraz L, Guerin-Robardey AM, Trojette F, Moubarak-Daher M, Dupont H. Fatal multifocal Pasteurella multocida infection: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:287. [PMID: 26136080 PMCID: PMC4489087 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, Pasteurella multocida infections are usually limited to the soft tissues surrounding a lesion. However, P. multocida can also cause systemic infections (such as pneumonia, lung abscess, peritonitis, endocarditis, meningitis and sepsis)—especially in patients with other underlying medical conditions. Case presentation We report on a case of fulminant P. multocida bacteremia at several sites (soft tissues, endocarditis and joints) on a white European man. Despite surgery and intensive medical care, the patient died. Conclusions The present case emphasizes the importance of appropriate initial treatment of skin wounds. Patients at risk should be aware of the possible consequences of being bitten, scratched or licked by their pet. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1232-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Guilbart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France. .,Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU d'Amiens Picardie, 80054, Amiens cedex, France.
| | - Elie Zogheib
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France. .,INSERM UMR 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France.
| | - Abdel Hakim Hchikat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
| | - Kahina Kirat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
| | - Linda Ferraz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
| | | | - Faouzi Trojette
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Beauvais Medical Center, Beauvais, France.
| | - Mona Moubarak-Daher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
| | - Hervé Dupont
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France. .,INSERM UMR 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Branch J, Kakutani T, Kuroda S, Shiba Y, Kitagawa I. Pasteurella multocida Infective Endocarditis: A Possible Link with Primary Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. Intern Med 2015; 54:3225-31. [PMID: 26666618 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 50-year-old Japanese man presented with fever and upper respiratory tract symptoms that required urgent inpatient admission. A physical examination revealed conjunctival hemorrhages and peripheral embolic phenomena. Blood cultures grew Pasteurella multocida, and an echocardiography revealed a mitral valve vegetation suggestive of infective endocarditis (IE), which was confirmed using the Modified Duke Criteria. After several antibiotic regimens proved ineffective, valve replacement was performed, with a good eventual outcome. P. multocida IE is rare and may sometimes have no preceding risk factors. P. multocida infections of the upper respiratory tract are unusual but may be an inciting event for IE. It is essential to check blood cultures and to repeat the performance of physical examinations to appreciate the developing features of IE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Branch
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Host-Microbe Systems Theme of the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mikaberidz N, Li EY, Taub CC. Pasteurella multocida infective endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient complicated by rhabdomyolysis and permanent hearing loss. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2013; 4:55-7. [PMID: 24023475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcdr.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an inhabitant of the oral cavity of a variety of livestock and domestic pet species, especially cats and dogs. The case reported illustrates a 60-year-old, immunocompetent female patient who presented with P. multocida sepsis and aortic valve endocarditis. This required surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. Investigation also found infection-induced rhabdomyolysis and permanent hearing loss, both previously unassociated with P. multocida infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Mikaberidz
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Satta G, Gorton RL, Kandil H. Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Pasteurella in a penicillin allergic patient: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Infect Dis Rep 2012; 4:e32. [PMID: 24470946 PMCID: PMC3892627 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2012.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of infective endocarditis with only a few cases described. This report involves a 38-year-old penicillin-allergic patient in an immunocompromised state with several co-morbidities. Two molecular microbiological techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to confirm the species identification as P. multocida. Previous reports in the literature are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Satta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Gorton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hala Kandil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|