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Ahmad A, Akhtar J, Ahmad M, Khan MI, Wasim R, Islam A, Singh A. Bedaquiline: An Insight Into its Clinical Use in Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:269-279. [PMID: 38968950 DOI: 10.1055/a-2331-7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Every year, the World Health Organization reports 500,000 new cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), which poses a serious global danger. The increased number of XDR-TB and MDR-TB cases reported worldwide necessitates the use of new therapeutic approaches. The main issues with the antitubercular medications now in use for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are their poor side effect profile, reduced efficacy, and antimicrobial resistance. One possible remedy for these problems is bedaquiline. The need for better treatment strategies is highlighted by the strong minimum inhibitory concentrations that bedaquiline (BDQ), a novel anti-TB medicine, exhibits against both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible TB. Bedaquiline may be able to help with these problems. Bedaquiline is a medication that is first in its class and has a distinct and particular mode of action. Bedaquiline is an ATP synthase inhibitor that is specifically directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some nontuberculous mycobacteria. It is metabolized by CYP3A4. Bedaquiline preclinical investigations revealed intralesional drug biodistribution. The precise intralesional and multi-compartment pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline were obtained using PET bioimaging and high-resolution autoradiography investigations. Reduced CFU counts were observed in another investigation after a 12-week course of therapy. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews of phase II trials on bedaquiline's efficacy in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis in patients reported higher rates of cure, better culture conversion, and lower death rates when taken in conjunction with a background regimen. Here is a thorough medication profile for bedaquiline to aid medical professionals in treating individuals with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Rufaida Wasim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anas Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Strong EJ, Tan L, Hayes S, Whyte H, Davis RA, West NP. Identification of Axinellamines A and B as Anti-Tubercular Agents. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:298. [PMID: 39057407 PMCID: PMC11277618 DOI: 10.3390/md22070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a significant global health pandemic. There is an urgent need for new anti-tubercular agents to combat the rising incidence of drug resistance and to offer effective and additive therapeutic options. High-throughput screening of a subset of the NatureBank marine fraction library (n = 2000) identified a sample derived from an Australian marine sponge belonging to the order Haplosclerida that displayed promising anti-mycobacterial activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the organic extract from this Haplosclerida sponge led to the purification of previously identified antimicrobial pyrrole alkaloids, axinellamines A (1) and B (2). The axinellamine compounds were found to have a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 18 µM and 15 µM, respectively. The removal of protein and complex carbon sources reduced the MIC90 of 1 and 2 to 0.6 and 0.8 µM, respectively. The axinellamines were not toxic to mammalian cells at 25 µM and significantly reduced the intracellular bacterial load by >5-fold. These data demonstrate that axinellamines A and B are effective anti-tubercular agents and promising targets for future medicinal chemistry efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Strong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lendl Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sasha Hayes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hayden Whyte
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Won HI, Zinga S, Kandror O, Akopian T, Wolf ID, Schweber JTP, Schmid EW, Chao MC, Waldor M, Rubin EJ, Zhu J. Targeted protein degradation in mycobacteria uncovers antibacterial effects and potentiates antibiotic efficacy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4065. [PMID: 38744895 PMCID: PMC11094019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new therapeutic modality involving selectively directing disease-causing proteins for degradation through proteolytic systems. Our ability to exploit targeted protein degradation (TPD) for antibiotic development remains nascent due to our limited understanding of which bacterial proteins are amenable to a TPD strategy. Here, we use a genetic system to model chemically-induced proximity and degradation to screen essential proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), a model for the human pathogen M. tuberculosis (Mtb). By integrating experimental screening of 72 protein candidates and machine learning, we find that drug-induced proximity to the bacterial ClpC1P1P2 proteolytic complex leads to the degradation of many endogenous proteins, especially those with disordered termini. Additionally, TPD of essential Msm proteins inhibits bacterial growth and potentiates the effects of existing antimicrobial compounds. Together, our results provide biological principles to select and evaluate attractive targets for future Mtb PROTAC development, as both standalone antibiotics and potentiators of existing antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim I Won
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samuel Zinga
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olga Kandror
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tatos Akopian
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ian D Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica T P Schweber
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ernst W Schmid
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Chao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maya Waldor
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Amr K, Elissawy AM, Ibrahim N, Elnaggar MS, Fawzy IM, Singab ANB. Unveiling the Antimicrobial and Larvicidal Potential of Butyrolactones and Orsellinic Acid Derivatives from the Morus alba-derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus via Integrated In vitro and In silico Approaches. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301900. [PMID: 38282171 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant microbial strains spurred the search for antimicrobial agents; as a result, two distinct approaches were combined: four in vitro studies and four corresponding molecular docking investigations. Antituberculosis, anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA), antifungal, and larvicidal activities of the crude extract, two fractions, and seven isolated compounds from Aspergillus terreus derived from Morus alba roots were explored. The isolated compounds (5 butyrolactones and 2 orsellinic acid derivatives) showed potent to moderate antitubercular activity with MIC values ranging from 1.95 to 62.5 μg/mL (compared to isoniazid, 0.24 μg/mL) and promising anti-MRSA potential with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8 to 25 mm. Additionally, the in silico study proved that the isolated compounds bind to the two corresponding proteins' active sites with high to moderate -(C-Docker interaction energies) and stable interactions. The isolated compounds displayed antifungal activities against different fungal strains at diverse degrees of activity, among them compound (8"S,9")-dihydroxy-dihydrobutyrolactone I eliciting the best antifungal activity. Meanwhile, all isolated compounds, fractions, and the crude extract demonstrated extremely selective potent to moderate activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. The isolated five butyrolactone derivatives could develop potential mosquito larvicidal agents as a result of promising docking outcomes in the larval enzyme carboxylesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Amr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iten M Fawzy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Vishwakarma S, Srivastava SK, Khare NK, Chaubey S, Chaturvedi V, Trivedi P, Khan S, Khan F. Synthesis and Structural Activity Relationship Study of Ursolic Acid Derivatives as Antitubercular Agent. Med Chem 2024; 20:630-645. [PMID: 37946341 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064256660231027042758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chemical transformation of ursolic acid (UA) into novel C-3 aryl ester derivatives and in vitro and silico assessment of their antitubercular potential. BACKGROUND UA is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with many pharmacological properties. Semisynthetic UA analogs have demonstrated enhanced anticancer, antimalarial, and antifilarial properties in our previous studies. METHODS The C-30 carboxylic group of previously isolated UA was protected, and various C-3 aryl ester derivatives were semi-synthesized. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antitubercular efficacy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra. In silico docking studies of the active derivative were carried out against Mtb targets, catalase peroxidase (PDB: 1SJ2), dihydrofolate reductase (PDB: 4M2X), enoyl-ACP reductase (PDB: 4TRO), and cytochrome bc1 oxidase (PDB: 7E1V). RESULTS The derivative 3-O-(2-amino,3-methyl benzoic acid)-ethyl ursolate (UA-1H) was the most active among the eight derivatives (MIC1 2.5 μg/mL) against Mtb H37Ra. Also, UA-1H demonstrated significant binding affinity in the range of 10.8-11.4 kcal/mol against the antiTb target proteins, which was far better than the positive control Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and co-crystallized ligand (HEM). Moreover, the predicted hit UA-1H showed no inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), suggesting its potential for favorable metabolism in Phase I clinical studies. CONCLUSION The ursolic acid derivative UA-1H possesses significant in vitro antitubercular potential with favorable in silico pharmacokinetics. Hence, further in vivo assessments are suggested for UA-1H for its possible development into a secure and efficient antitubercular drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Vishwakarma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Santosh K Srivastava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwa Chaubey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
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Rathinam AJ, Santhaseelan H, Dahms HU, Dinakaran VT, Murugaiah SG. Bioprospecting of unexplored halophilic actinobacteria against human infectious pathogens. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:398. [PMID: 37974926 PMCID: PMC10645811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic diseases received much attention recently due to their uncontrolled spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which causes several threads every year. Effective alternate antimicrobials are urgently required to combat those disease causing infectious microbes. Halophilic actinobacteria revealed huge potentials and unexplored cultivable/non-cultivable actinobacterial species producing enormous antimicrobials have been proved in several genomics approaches. Potential gene clusters, PKS and NRPKS from Nocardia, Salinospora, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces have wide range coding genes of secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic pathways identification via various approaches like genome mining, In silico, OSMAC (one strain many compound) analysis provides better identification of knowing the active metabolites using several databases like AMP, APD and CRAMPR, etc. Genome constellations of actinobacteria particularly the prediction of BGCs (Biosynthetic Gene Clusters) to mine the bioactive molecules such as pigments, biosurfactants and few enzymes have been reported for antimicrobial activity. Saltpan, saltlake, lagoon and haloalkali environment exploring potential actinobacterial strains Micromonospora, Kocuria, Pseudonocardia, and Nocardiopsis revealed several acids and ester derivatives with antimicrobial potential. Marine sediments and marine macro organisms have been found as significant population holders of potential actinobacterial strains. Deadly infectious diseases (IDs) including tuberculosis, ventilator-associated pneumonia and Candidiasis, have been targeted by halo-actinobacterial metabolites with promising results. Methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus and virus like Encephalitic alphaviruses were potentially targeted by halophilic actinobacterial metabolites by the compound Homoseongomycin from sponge associated antinobacterium. In this review, we discuss the potential antimicrobial properties of various biomolecules extracted from the unexplored halophilic actinobacterial strains specifically against human infectious pathogens along with prospective genomic constellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur James Rathinam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Henciya Santhaseelan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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Explicit molecular dynamics simulation studies to discover novel natural compound analogues as Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13324. [PMID: 36816262 PMCID: PMC9932657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in one of the dreadful diseases present globally. This is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis dethiobiotin synthetase (MtDTBS) is an essential enzyme in biotin biosynthesis and is an ideal target to design and develop novel inhibitors. In order to effectively combat this disease six natural compound (butein) analogues were subjected to molecular docking to determine their binding mode and the binding affinities. The resultant complex structures were subjected to 500 ns simulation run to estimate their binding stabilities using GROMACS. The molecular dynamics simulation studies provided essential evidence that the systems were stable during the progression of 500 ns simulation run. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) of all the systems was found to be below 0.3 nm stating that the systems are well converged. The radius of gyration (Rg) profiles indicated that the systems were highly compact without any major fluctuations. The principle component analysis (PCA) and Gibbs energy landscape studies have revealed that the comp3, comp5 and comp11 systems navigated marginally through the PC2. The intermolecular interactions have further demonstrated that all the compounds have displayed key residue interactions, firmly holding the ligands at the binding pocket. The residue Lys37 was found consistently to interact with all the ligands highlighting its potential role in inhibiting the MtDTBS. Our investigation further put forth two novel compounds (comp10 and comp11) as putative antituberculosis agents. Collectively, we propose six compounds has plausible inhibitors to curtail TB and further can act as scaffolds in designing new compounds.
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Rao KU, Godaly G. Isolation and Purification of Mycobacterial Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2674:55-60. [PMID: 37258959 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3243-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain numerous active substances that mediate bacterial interactions with their host and with other microbes. Best defined are the EVs from Gram-negative bacteria that have been shown to deliver virulence factors, modulate the immune responses, mediate antibiotic resistance, and also inhibit competitive microbes. Due to the complex cell wall structures of Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, EVs from these bacteria were only recently reported. This protocol describes the isolation of EVs from mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Umashankar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Godaly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Tapfuma KI, Nyambo K, Adu-Amankwaah F, Baatjies L, Smith L, Allie N, Keyster M, Loxton AG, Ngxande M, Malgas-Enus R, Mavumengwana V. Antimycobacterial activity and molecular docking of methanolic extracts and compounds of marine fungi from Saldanha and False Bays, South Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12406. [PMID: 36582695 PMCID: PMC9793266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and diversity of drugs in the tuberculosis (TB) drug development process has increased over the years, yet the attrition rate remains very high, signaling the need for continued research in drug discovery. In this study, crude secondary metabolites from marine fungi associated with ascidians collected from Saldanha and False Bays (South Africa) were investigated for antimycobacterial activity. Isolation of fungi was performed by sectioning thin inner-tissues of ascidians and spreading them over potato dextrose agar (PDA). Solid state fermentation of fungal isolates on PDA was then performed for 28 days to allow production of secondary metabolites. Afterwards, PDA cultures were dried and solid-liquid extraction using methanol was performed to extract fungal metabolites. Profiling of metabolites was performed using untargeted liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS). The broth microdilution method was used to determine antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, while in silico flexible docking was performed on selected target proteins from M. tuberculosis. A total of 16 ascidians were sampled and 46 fungi were isolated. Only 32 fungal isolates were sequenced, and their sequences submitted to GenBank to obtain accession numbers. Metabolite profiling of 6 selected fungal extracts resulted in the identification of 65 metabolites. The most interesting extract was that of Clonostachys rogersoniana MGK33 which inhibited Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.125 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. These results were in accordance with those from in silico molecular docking studies which showed that bionectin F produced by C. rogersoniana MGK33 is a potential inhibitor of M. tuberculosis β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (MabA, PDB ID = 1UZN), with the docking score observed as -11.17 kcal/mol. These findings provided evidence to conclude that metabolites from marine-derived fungi are potential sources of bioactive metabolites with antimycobacterial activity. Even though in silico studies showed that bionectin F is a potent inhibitor of an essential enzyme, MabA, the results should be validated by performing purification of bionectin F from C. rogersoniana MGK33 and in vitro assays against MabA and whole cells (M. tuberculosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzanai Ian Tapfuma
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Nyambo
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francis Adu-Amankwaah
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucinda Baatjies
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liezel Smith
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasiema Allie
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G. Loxton
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mkhuseli Ngxande
- Computer Science Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Rehana Malgas-Enus
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Swain SS, Hussain T. Combined Bioinformatics and Combinatorial Chemistry Tools to Locate Drug-Able Anti-TB Phytochemicals: A Cost-Effective Platform for Natural Product-Based Drug Discovery. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200267. [PMID: 36307750 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on extensive experimental studies, a huge number of phytochemicals showed potential activity against tuberculosis (TB) at a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fewer toxicity profiles. However, these promising drugs have not been able to convert from 'lead' to 'mainstream' due to inadequate drug-ability profiles. Thus, early drug-prospective analyses are required at the primary stage to accelerate natural-product-based drug discovery with limited resources and time. In the present study, we have selected seventy-three potential anti-TB phytochemicals (MIC value ≤10 μg/mL) and assessed the drug-ability profiles using bioinformatics and combinatorial chemistry tools, systematically. Primarily, the molecular docking study was done against two putative drug targets, catalase-peroxidase enzyme (katG) and RNA polymerase subunit-β (rpoB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, assessed the drug-ability score from Molsoft, toxicity profiles from ProTox, pharmacokinetics from SwisADME, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) by ChemMine tools and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) with Avogadro and structural activity relationships (SAR) analysis with ChemDraw 18.0 software. Above analyses indicated that, lower MIC exhibited anti-TB phytochemicals, abietane, 12-demethylmulticaulin exhibited poor docking and drug-ability scores, while tiliacorinine, 2-nortiliacorinine showed higher binding energy and drug-ability profiles. Overall, tiliacorinine, 2-nortiliacorinine, 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (AHR), (2S)-naringenin and isovachhalcone were found as the most active and drug-able anti-TB candidates from 73 candidates. Phytochemicals are always a vital source of mainstream drugs, but the MIC value of a phytochemical is not sufficient for it to be promoted. An ideal drug-ability profile is therefore essential for achieving clinical success, where advanced bioinformatics tools help to assess and analyse that profile. Additionally, several natural pharmacophores found in existing anti-TB drugs in SAR analyses also provide crucial information for developing potential anti-TB drug. As a conclusion, combined bioinformatics and combinatorial chemistry are the most effective strategies to locate potent-cum-drug-able candidates in the current drug-development module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
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11
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Ragheb MA, Abdelwahab RE, Darweesh AF, Soliman MH, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA. Hantzsch-Like Synthesis, DNA Photocleavage, DNA/BSA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) Analogs Linked to Naphthalene Core. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100958. [PMID: 36045280 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes with dimedone and bis(6-aminopyrimidin-4-one) in acetic acid led to the formation of the corresponding bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are known as bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) analogs in a single step. Also, bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are linked to naphthyl core via phenoxymethyl linkage is prepared. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. Gel electrophoresis assay was used to show the capability of the compounds to photocleave the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA in UV-A (365 nm). Besides, the most photocleavable compound, bis(tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-dione) linked to pyridin-3-yl at position-5 exhibits good binding affinities toward CT-DNA and BSA as supported by UV/VIS spectral studies. In addition to the experimental findings, a molecular docking simulation was performed to collect detailed binding data for this compound to both biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Reham E Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Darweesh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Soliman
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H M Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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12
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Screening of Microbial Fermentation Products for Anti-M. tuberculosis Activity. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151947. [PMID: 35953936 PMCID: PMC9367595 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary M. tuberculosis (M.tb) is the main pathogen of tuberculosis (TB). The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) M.tb has brought new challenges to the treatment of TB. Therefore, finding new materials for the development of natural anti-TB drugs is crucial to the prevention and treatment of TB. In order to discover new anti-TB drug materials, we isolated microorganisms from the soil and tested the anti-M.tb activity of their fermentation products. The results showed that the four fermentation products had anti-M.tb activities in vitro and in intracellular bacteria. The qPCR results showed that the four fermentation products down-regulated some growth-essential gene expression of M.tb. Thus, we speculated that the fermentation product may exert its anti-M.tb effect by down-regulating the expression of the essential genes of M.tb. Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by M. tuberculosis (M.tb), is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant M.tb has made the control of TB more difficult. In our study, we investigated the ability of microorganism fermentation products from the soil to inhibit M.tb. We successfully identified four fermentation products (Micromonospora chokoriensis, Micromonospora purpureochromogenes, Micromonospora profundi, Streptomyces flavofungini) that inhibited the growth of M.tb in vitro and in intracellular bacteria at 25 μg/mL MIC. Importantly, the fermentation products decreased some essential gene expression levels for M.tb growth. Our data provide the possibility that microbial fermentation products have potential development value for anti-M.tb drugs.
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13
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Antitubercular, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Target Validation of Dihydroquinazolinone Derivatives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070831. [PMID: 35884084 PMCID: PMC9311641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives (3a–3m) was screened for in vitro whole-cell antitubercular activity against the tubercular strain H37Rv and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. Compounds 3l and 3m with di-substituted aryl moiety (halogens) attached to the 2-position of the scaffold showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL against the MTB strain H37Rv. Compound 3k with an imidazole ring at the 2-position of the dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one also showed significant inhibitory action against both the susceptible strain H37Rv and MDR strains with MIC values of 4 and 16 µg/mL, respectively. The computational results revealed the mycobacterial pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase (BioA) enzyme as the potential target for the tested compounds. In vitro, ADMET calculations and cytotoxicity studies against the normal human dermal fibroblast cells indicated the safety and tolerability of the test compounds 3k–3m. Thus, compounds 3k–3m warrant further optimization to develop novel BioA inhibitors for the treatment of drug-sensitive H37Rv and drug-resistant MTB.
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14
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Oriola AO, Oyedeji AO. Plant-Derived Natural Products as Lead Agents against Common Respiratory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:3054. [PMID: 35630531 PMCID: PMC9144277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Never has the world been more challenged by respiratory diseases (RDs) than it has witnessed in the last few decades. This is evident in the plethora of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, and more recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens, drug toxicity and side effects are drawbacks to effective chemotherapeutic management of RDs; hence, our focus on natural sources because of their unique chemical diversities and novel therapeutic applications. This review provides a summary on some common RDs, their management strategies, and the prospect of plant-derived natural products in the search for new drugs against common respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
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15
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Ramos DF, Bartolomeu Halicki PC, da Silva Canielles Caprara C, Borges P, da R M D'Oca C, de Fátima C Santos M, D'Oca MGM, Roselet F, Almeida da Silva PE, Abreu PC. Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100846. [PMID: 35290725 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, due to its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and versatility of adaptation to different environmental conditions, has aroused the biotechnological interest, synthesizing novel molecules with antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. In this sense, we carried out the bioprospection of Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom employed in aquaculture, as a candidate to the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. The chemical profile of extracts in different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone) were analyzed by 1 H-NMR. The hexane extract was the most active against all bacteria species tested, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/ml. Contrarily, the methanol extract was inactive against all tested microorganisms and, in addition, was the only one with IC50 >800 μg/mL, showing no cytotoxicity in VERO cell lines. All other extracts showed antibacterial potential and IC50 values varying between 267.58 and 142.47 μg/ml. The fact that C. muelleri is a microalga easily grown on bioreactors on a large scale may promote its biotechnological use, especially as scaffolds for the development of new compounds against bacterial species of clinical and public health interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu Halicki
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil
| | - Carolina da Silva Canielles Caprara
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil
| | - Pedro Borges
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil
| | - Caroline da R M D'Oca
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LabRMN), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima C Santos
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LabRMN), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G M D'Oca
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LabRMN), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Fabio Roselet
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Laboratório de Produção de Microalgas (LPM), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96210-030, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Abreu
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-400, Brazil.,Laboratório de Produção de Microalgas (LPM), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96210-030, Brazil
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16
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Swain SS, Pati S, Hussain T. Quinoline heterocyclic containing plant and marine candidates against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic drug-ability investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Screening of diverse marine invertebrate extracts identified Lissoclinotoxin F, Discodermin B, and other anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis active compounds. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:213-225. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Davies-Bolorunduro OF, Ajayi A, Adeleye IA, Kristanti AN, Aminah NS. Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There has been an increase in the reported cases of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is still currently affecting most of the world’s population, especially in resource-limited countries. The search for novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics from underexplored natural sources is therefore of paramount importance. The renewed interest in studies related to natural products, driven partly by the growing incidence of MDR-TB, has increased the prospects of discovering new antitubercular drug leads. This is because most of the currently available chemotherapeutics such as rifampicin and capreomycin used in the treatment of TB were derived from natural products, which are proven to be an abundant source of novel drugs used to treat many diseases. To meet the global need for novel antibiotics from natural sources, various strategies for high-throughput screening have been designed and implemented. This review highlights the current antitubercular drug discovery strategies from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Flora Davies-Bolorunduro
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research , Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Abraham Ajayi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research , Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos , Akoka , Lagos , Nigeria
| | | | - Alfinda Novi Kristanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Nanik Siti Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
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20
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Elsaman T, Mohamed MS, Eltayib EM, Abdalla AE, Mohamed MA. Xanthone: A Promising Antimycobacterial Scaffold. Med Chem 2021; 17:310-331. [PMID: 32560609 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200619114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality and still remains one of the top-ten leading causes of human death in the world. The development of new anti-TB drugs is mandatory due to the existence of latent infection as well as the expansion of the resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains. Xanthones encompass a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, obtained either naturally or through chemical synthesis. There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the antitubercular activity of xanthone derivatives. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to highlight the main natural sources along with the critical design elements, structure-activity relationships (SARs), modes of action and pharmacokinetic profiles of xanthone-based anti-TB compounds. METHODS In the present review, the anti-TB activity of xanthones reported in the literature from 1972 to date is presented and discussed. RESULTS Exploration of xanthone scaffold led to the identification of several members of this class having superior activity against both sensitive and resistant MBT strains with distinctive mycobacterial membrane disrupting properties. However, studies regarding their modes of action, pharmacokinetic properties and safety are limited. CONCLUSION Comprehendible data and information are afforded by this review and it would certainly provide scientists with new thoughts and means which will be conducive to design and develop new drugs with excellent anti-TB activity through exploration of xanthone scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilal Elsaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyman Mohamed Eltayib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi Awadalla Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Jayaraman M, Loganathan L, Muthusamy K, Ramadas K. Virtual screening assisted discovery of novel natural products to inhibit the catalytic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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22
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Han J, Liu X, Zhang L, Quinn RJ, Feng Y. Anti-mycobacterial natural products and mechanisms of action. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:77-89. [PMID: 34226909 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to June, 2020Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major disease with high mortality and morbidity globally. Drug resistance and long duration of treatment make antituberculosis drug discovery more challenging. In this review, we summarize recent advances on anti-TB natural products (NPs) and their potential molecular targets in cell wall synthesis, protein production, energy generation, nucleic acid synthesis and other emerging areas. We highlight compounds with activity against drug-resistant TB, and reveal several novel targets including Mtb biotin synthase, ATP synthase, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prenyltransferase and biofilms. These anti-TB NPs and their targets could facilitate target-based screening and accelerate TB drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Han
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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23
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Bhukya B, Alam S, Chaturvedi V, Trivedi P, Kumar S, Khan F, Negi AS, Srivastava SK. Brevifoliol and its Analogs: A New Class of Anti-tubercular Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:767-776. [PMID: 32484109 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200528155236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brevifoliol is an abeo-taxane isolated from the Taxus wallichiana needles; eighteen semisynthetic esters derivatives of brevifoliol were prepared by Steglich esterification and screened for their anti-tubercular potential against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra avirulent strain. The 3- [chloro (7)] and 3, 5-[dinitro (8)] benzoic acid ester derivatives were most active (MIC 25 ug/ml) against the pathogen. Further, in silico docking studies of the active derivative 7 with mycobacterium enzyme inhA (enoyl-ACP reductase) gave the LibDock score of 152.68 and binding energy of -208.62 and formed three hydrogen bonds with SER94, MET98, and SER94. Similarly, when derivative 8 docked with inhA, it gave the LibDock score of 113.55 and binding energy of -175.46 and formed a single hydrogen bond with GLN100 and Pi-interaction with PHE97. On the other hand, the known standard drug isoniazid (INH) gave the LibDock score of 61.63, binding energy of -81.25 and formed one hydrogen bond with ASP148. These molecular docking results and the way of binding pattern indicated that compounds 7 and 8 bound well within the binding pocket of inhA and showed a higher binding affinity than the known drug isoniazid. Additionally, both the derivatives (7 and 8) showed no cytotoxicity, with CC50 195.10 and 111.36, respectively towards the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakishan Bhukya
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow- 226015, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-2260, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow- 226015, India
| | - Arvind S Negi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
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24
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Chemical Classes Presenting Novel Antituberculosis Agents Currently in Different Phases of Drug Development: A 2010-2020 Review. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050461. [PMID: 34068171 PMCID: PMC8152995 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a curable airborne disease currently treated using a drug regimen consisting of four drugs. Global TB control has been a persistent challenge for many decades due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains. The duration and complexity of TB treatment are the main issues leading to treatment failures. Other challenges faced by currently deployed TB regimens include drug-drug interactions, miss-matched pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs in a regimen, and lack of activity against slow replicating sub-population. These challenges underpin the continuous search for novel TB drugs and treatment regimens. This review summarizes new TB drugs/drug candidates under development with emphasis on their chemical classes, biological targets, mode of resistance generation, and pharmacokinetic properties. As effective TB treatment requires a combination of drugs, the issue of drug-drug interaction is, therefore, of great concern; herein, we have compiled drug-drug interaction reports, as well as efficacy reports for drug combinations studies involving antitubercular agents in clinical development.
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25
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Sampiron EG, Costacurta GF, Calsavara LL, Baldin VP, Silva GVD, Alves Olher VG, Ferraretto LH, Caleffi-Ferraciolli KR, Cardoso RF, Siqueira VLD, Vandresen F, Scodro RBDL. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluations of Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Benzohydrazones Compounds. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1564-1577. [PMID: 33913749 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with high mortality rates and an extended treatment that causes severe adverse effects, besides the emergence of resistant bacteria. Therefore, the search for new compounds with anti-M. tuberculosis activity has considerably increased in recent years. In this context, benzohydrazones are significant compounds that have antifungal and antibacterial action. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro activity of 18 benzohydrazones against M. tuberculosis. Compounds' cytotoxicity, inhibition of M. tuberculosis efflux pumps, and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) assays were also performed. In general, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for the standard M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain ranged from 7.8 to 250 μg/mL, and some compounds were not toxic to any of the cells tested (IC50 ranged from 18.0 to 302.5 μg/mL). In addition, compounds (4) and (7) showed to be possible efflux pump inhibitors. In ADMET assays, all benzohydrazones had high gastrointestinal absorption. Most of the compounds were able to overcome the blood-brain barrier, and no compounds had irritant or tumorigenic effects. Compounds (1), (3), (9), (12), and (15) stood out for showing good activities, both in vitro and in silico assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Gibin Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Leonora Lacerda Calsavara
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vaz da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferraciolli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vandresen
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technologic University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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26
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Bedaquiline: Current status and future perspectives. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:48-59. [PMID: 33684606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat worldwide. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) reports, it is estimated that more than 500 000 new cases of drug-resistant TB occur annually. In addition, there are alarming reports of increasing multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) from different countries of the world. Therefore, new options for TB therapy are required. Bedaquiline (BDQ), a novel anti-TB drug, has significant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) both against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. Moreover, BDQ was recently approved for therapy of MDR-TB. The current narrative review summarises the available data on BDQ resistance, describes its antimicrobial properties, and provides new perspectives on clinical use of this novel anti-TB agent.
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Wang J, Jing W, Shi J, Huo F, Shang Y, Wang F, Chu N, Pang Y. Bipolar Distribution of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Q203 Across Mycobacterial Species. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1013-1017. [PMID: 33646044 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an experimental study to evaluate in vitro susceptibility of Q203 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the major pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacterial species. A total of 344 nonduplicate mycobacterium isolates were randomly selected for in vitro susceptibility testing. Overall, Q203 exhibited excellent activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) isolates, whereas it showed high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates tested. The MIC50 and MIC90 values were both 0.008 mg/L for MDR- and XDR-TB isolates, respectively. In contrast, the MIC50 and MIC90 values of four NTM species were all >16 mg/L. QcrB of M. tuberculosis, a component of the CytBC1 complex of the respiratory chain targeted by Q230, shared 89.7% amino acid sequence identity with Mycobacterium avium QcrB, 87.9% with that of Mycobacterium intracellulare, and 84.0% with that of Mycobacterium fortuitum, whereas with low sequence identity observed in QcrB sequence of Mycobacterium abscessus. Notably, the QcrBs of M. avium and M. intracellulare contained a 10-amino acid insertion in the linker between the eighth and ninth helical region. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the bipolar distribution of Q203 MICs across mycobacterial species. Compared with the high MICs in four clinically relevant mycobacterial species, MDR- and XDR-TB isolates have extremely low MICs, indicating that Q203 is a particularly promising candidate for TB treatment. In addition, the 10-amino acid insertion within QcrBs of M. avium and M. intracellulare may be a plausible explanation for the natural resistance to Q203 among these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Naihui Chu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of the Extracts of the Pods of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. (Fabaceae). Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:6616133. [PMID: 33629066 PMCID: PMC7896843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used traditionally by people in treating and the management of diseases since time immemorial. Traditional medicines including the herbal medicines are used for primary healthcare in some domains in almost every country. Approximately 80% of the population in developing coutries depend on plants as their source of medicine for combating diseases. New and effective antimicrobial agents that have novel mechanism of actions are required. Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. Different parts of the P. thonningii plants such as the roots, leaves, seeds, and fruits have been used in treating wounds, heart pain, and gingivitis and as cough remedy. This study focused on determining the antimicrobial properties found in the pods of P. thonningii. The sample was prepared by grinding the dried pods into a fine powder. Successive extraction and extraction with 1 : 1 DCM: methanol was used. The antimicrobial assay was carried out using the broth microdilution and MTT assay. The microorganism used for the tests was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida krusei and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The most potent extract was then used to determine its effect on microbial cell membrane integrity. The results showed that methanol extract had the highest percentage yield of 5%. The extract with the highest antimicrobial effects was ethanol extract with the 100 μg/mL concentration inhibiting the growth of cells to 26%, 87%, and 90% for P. aeruginosa, M. smegmatis, and C. krusei, respectively. The ethanol extracts caused significant leakage of proteins in these microorganisms. In conclusion, the pods of P. thonningii contain phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties. The pods of the plant can be a source of phytochemicals that can serve as sources of lead compounds with antimicrobial effects. One of the mechanisms of action of these phytochemicals is via membrane-damaging effects on microbes.
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Synthesis of some novel piperidine fused 5-thioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazoles as potential antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Antimycobacterial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Abietane Diterpenoids Isolated from Plectranthus madagascariensis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010175. [PMID: 33477744 PMCID: PMC7832401 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants of the Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae) are well known for their ethnomedicinal applications. Plectranthus madagascariensis, which is native to South Africa, is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory conditions, scabies, and cutaneous wounds. The phytochemical studies of P. madagascariensis led to the isolation of five known royleanone abietanes, namely, 6β,7α-dihydroxyroyleanone (1), 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (2), horminone (3), coleon U quinone (4), and carnosolon (5). The relative configuration of compound 2 was established by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-4 showed antimycobacterial activity (Minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% inhibition, MIC90 = 5.61-179.60 μM) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Compound 4 and 5 showed comparable toxicity (Concentration for 50% inhibition, IC50 98.49 μM and 79.77 μM) to tamoxifen (IC50 22.00 μg/mL) against HaCaT cells. Compounds 1-5 showed antioxidant activity through single-electron transfer (SET) and/or hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) with compound 5 being the most active antioxidant agent. Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated for the first time from P. madagascariensis. The observed results suggest P. madagascariensis as an important ethnomedicinal plant and as a promising source of diterpenoids with potential use in the treatment of tuberculosis and psoriasis.
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31
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Subramaniyan SB, Sengan M, Subburethinam R, Veerappan A. Excellent synergistic activity of a designed membrane acting pyridinium containing antimicrobial cationic N-acylethanolamine with isoniazid against mycobacterium. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
cNAEs lower the MIC of isoniazid without compromising antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Bala Subramaniyan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- Shanmugha Arts
- Science
- Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University
| | - Megarajan Sengan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- Shanmugha Arts
- Science
- Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University
| | - Ramesh Subburethinam
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- Shanmugha Arts
- Science
- Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- Shanmugha Arts
- Science
- Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University
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32
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Fullam E, Young RJ. Physicochemical properties and Mycobacterium tuberculosis transporters: keys to efficacious antitubercular drugs? RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:43-56. [PMID: 34041481 PMCID: PMC8130550 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Securing novel, safe, and effective medicines to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an elusive goal, particularly influenced by the largely impervious Mtb envelope that limits exposure and thus efficacy of inhibitors at their cellular and periplasmic targets. The impact of physicochemical properties on pharmacokinetic parameters that govern oral absorption and exposure at sites of infection is considered alongside how these properties influence penetration of the Mtb envelope, with the likely influence of transporter proteins. The findings are discussed to benchmark current drugs and the emerging pipeline, whilst considering tactics for future rational and targeted design strategies, based around emerging data on Mtb transporters and their structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fullam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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33
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Dalberto PF, de Souza EV, Abbadi BL, Neves CE, Rambo RS, Ramos AS, Macchi FS, Machado P, Bizarro CV, Basso LA. Handling the Hurdles on the Way to Anti-tuberculosis Drug Development. Front Chem 2020; 8:586294. [PMID: 33330374 PMCID: PMC7710551 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.586294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) imposes a sustained epidemiologic vigilance and investments in research by governments. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of TB in human beings, is a very successful pathogen, being the main cause of death in the population among infectious agents. In 2018, ~10 million individuals were contaminated with this bacillus and became ill with TB, and about 1.2 million succumbed to the disease. Most of the success of the M. tuberculosis to linger in the population comes from its ability to persist in an asymptomatic latent state into the host and, in fact, the majority of the individuals are unaware of being contaminated. Even though TB is a treatable disease and is curable in most cases, the treatment is lengthy and laborious. In addition, the rise of resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs elicits a response from TB research groups to discover new chemical entities, preferably with novel mechanisms of action. The pathway to find a new TB drug, however, is arduous and has many barriers that are difficult to overcome. Fortunately, several approaches are available today to be pursued by scientists interested in anti-TB drug development, which goes from massively testing chemical compounds against mycobacteria, to discovering new molecular targets by genetic manipulation. This review presents some difficulties found along the TB drug development process and illustrates different approaches that might be used to try to identify new molecules or targets that are able to impair M. tuberculosis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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34
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Dueke-Eze CU, Fasina TM, Oluwalana AE, Familoni OB, Mphalele JM, Onubuogu C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of copper and cobalt complexes of (5-substituted-salicylidene) isonicotinichydrazide derivatives as antitubercular agents. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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Antimycobacterial and PknB Inhibitory Activities of Venezuelan Medicinal Plants. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8823764. [PMID: 32802074 PMCID: PMC7416274 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8823764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global control and elimination of tuberculosis are hindered by the high prevalence of drug-resistant strains, making the development of new drugs to fight tuberculosis a public health priority. In this study, we evaluated 118 extracts from 58 Venezuelan plant species for their ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mc26020, using the agar dilution method. Additionally, we determined the ability of these extracts to inhibit the activity of PknB protein, an essential M. tuberculosis serine/threonine kinase, using a high-throughput luminescent assay. Of the 118 extracts tested, 14 inhibited bacterial growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤500 μg/ml, and 36 inhibited the kinase activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration <200 μg/ml. Five extracts inhibited M. tuberculosis growth and inhibited the activity of the kinase protein, suggesting that this could be the basis of their growth inhibition.
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36
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Structural Modifications of 3-Triazeneindoles and Their Increased Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060356. [PMID: 32599854 PMCID: PMC7344711 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized 100 novel indole-based compounds with polyaza-functionalities, including 3-triazeneindoles, and tested their activity in vitro against laboratory M. tuberculosis H37Rv and clinical izoniazid-resistant CN-40 isolates, using gross and fine titration approaches. Here we present a few 3-triazeneindoles with the highest anti-mycobacterial activity. Introduction of short lipid tails into the 3-triazeneindole core additionally increased their activity against mycobacteria engulfed by murine macrophages. We also demonstrate that the compound TU112, one of the most active in our previous study, being not bioavailable after administration in mice per os, manifests prominent anti-mycobacterial activity after intravenous or aerosol delivery, as assessed by the mouse serum and lung supernatant titration assays.
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37
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Zhang T, Yin W, Jin B, Li T, Ma C. A reliable HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of related substances in TBI-166 active pharmaceutical ingredient. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method has been developed for the determination of TBI-166 and its 10 kinds of related impurities. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a gradient elution of the mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile and 1% ammonium formate solution (with 0.2% formic acid). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 251 nm. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to selectivity, linearity, limits, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration curves were linear from LOQ to 150% of the specification limit of impurity with correlation coefficients not less than 0.999. The limits of quantitation were between 0.123 and 0.257 μg/mL. Accuracy for the related substances was estimated by the recovery ranged from 94.6% to 111.2%. The method was proved to be reliable for the determination of related substances in TBI-166 bulk drug, which is essential and important in the quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wanting Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
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38
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Swain SS, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN, Hussain T. Isoniazid-phytochemical conjugation: A new approach for potent and less toxic anti-TB drug development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:714-730. [PMID: 32237023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes one of the most grievous pandemic infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB), with long-term morbidity and high mortality. The emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains, and the co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus, challenges the current WHO-TB stewardship programs. The first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), have become extensively obsolete in TB control from chromosomal mutations during the last decades. However, based on clinical trial statistics, the production of well-tolerated anti-TB drug(s) is miserably low. Alternately, semi-synthesis or structural modifications of first-line obsolete antitubercular drugs remain as the versatile approach for getting some potential medicines. The use of any suitable phytochemicals with INH in a hybrid formulation could be an ideal approach for the development of potent anti-TB drug(s). The primary objective of this review was to highlight and analyze available INH-phytochemical hybrid research works. The utilization of phytochemicals through chemical conjugation is a new trend toward the development of safer/non-toxic anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India.,Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir K Paidesetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Wolf NM, Lee H, Zagal D, Nam JW, Oh DC, Lee H, Suh JW, Pauli GF, Cho S, Abad-Zapatero C. Structure of the N-terminal domain of ClpC1 in complex with the antituberculosis natural product ecumicin reveals unique binding interactions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:458-471. [PMID: 32355042 PMCID: PMC7193532 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320004027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The biological processes related to protein homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, have recently been established as critical pathways for therapeutic intervention. Proteins of particular interest are ClpC1 and the ClpC1-ClpP1-ClpP2 proteasome complex. The structure of the potent antituberculosis macrocyclic depsipeptide ecumicin complexed with the N-terminal domain of ClpC1 (ClpC1-NTD) is presented here. Crystals of the ClpC1-NTD-ecumicin complex were monoclinic (unit-cell parameters a = 80.0, b = 130.0, c = 112.0 Å, β = 90.07°; space group P21; 12 complexes per asymmetric unit) and diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the self-rotation function to resolve space-group ambiguities. The new structure of the ecumicin complex showed a unique 1:2 (target:ligand) stoichiometry exploiting the intramolecular dyad in the α-helical fold of the target N-terminal domain. The structure of the ecumicin complex unveiled extensive interactions in the uniquely extended N-terminus, a critical binding site for the known cyclopeptide complexes. This structure, in comparison with the previously reported rufomycin I complex, revealed unique features that could be relevant for understanding the mechanism of action of these potential antituberculosis drug leads. Comparison of the ecumicin complex and the ClpC1-NTD-L92S/L96P double-mutant structure with the available structures of rufomycin I and cyclomarin A complexes revealed a range of conformational changes available to this small N-terminal helical domain and the minor helical alterations involved in the antibiotic-resistance mechanism. The different modes of binding and structural alterations could be related to distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Wolf
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel Zagal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joo Won Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dong Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanki Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Celerino Abad-Zapatero
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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40
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Shah SR, Katariya KD. 1,3‐Oxazole‐isoniazid hybrids: Synthesis, antitubercular activity, and their docking studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh R. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceThe Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara India
| | - Kanubhai D. Katariya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceThe Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara India
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41
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New perspectives on the treatment of mycobacterial infections using antibiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4197-4209. [PMID: 32185432 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 years have passed since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 1882, as the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). However, globally, TB is still one of the leading causes of death by infectious diseases. In 2018, approximately 10.0 million people were diagnosed with TB owing to the development of advanced strategies by M. tuberculosis to resist antibiotics, including the development of a dormant state. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are dedicated to ending TB by 2030. However, the development of strategies to discover new TB drugs and new therapies is crucial for the achievement of this goal. Unfortunately, the rapid occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis has worsened the current situation, thereby warranting prioritized discovery of new anti-TB drugs and the development of new treatment regimens in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the current research and development pipeline for new anti-TB drugs and present our perspective of TB drug innovation. The data presented herein may enable the introduction of more effective medicines and therapeutic regimens into the market.Key Points• The Updated Global New TB Drug Pipelines are briefly summarized.• Novel strategies for the discovery of new TB drugs, including novel sources, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology strategies, are discussed.• New therapeutic options, including living therapeutics and phage therapy, are proposed.
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42
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Gandhi K, Patel M. Collocating Novel Targets for Tuberculosis (TB) Drug Discovery. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:307-316. [PMID: 31987022 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200121143036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being a resistive species is an incessant threat to the world population for the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB). An advanced genetic or a molecular level approach is mandatory for both diagnosis and therapy as the prevalence of multi drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug- resistant (XDR) TB. METHODS A literature review was conducted, focusing essentially on the development of biomarkers and targets to extrapolate the Tuberculosis Drug Discovery process. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this article, we have discussed several substantial targets and genetic mutations occurring in a diseased or treatment condition of TB patients. It includes expressions in Bhlhe40, natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) with its mechanistic actions that have made a significant impact on TB. Moreover, recently identified compounds; imidazopyridine amine derivative (Q203), biphenyl amide derivative (DG70), azetidine, thioquinazole, tetrahydroindazole and 2- mercapto- quinazoline scaffolds for several targets such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), amino acid and fatty acid have been briefed for their confirmed hits and therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
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Santos NCDS, Scodro RBDL, Sampiron EG, Ieque AL, Carvalho HCD, Santos TDS, Ghiraldi Lopes LD, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Siqueira VLD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Teixeira JJV, Cardoso RF. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration Techniques in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:752-765. [PMID: 31977277 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay is an accepted parameter for evaluating new antimicrobial agents, and it is frequently used as a research tool to provide a prediction of bacterial eradication. To the best of our knowledge, there is no standardization among researchers regarding the technique used to detect a drug's MBC in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to discuss the available literature in determining a drug's MBC in M. tuberculosis, to find the most commonly used technique and standardize the process. A broad and rigorous literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and LILACS) was performed according to the PRISMA statement. We considered studies that were published from January 1, 1990 to February 19, 2019. Google Scholar was also searched to increase the number of publications. We searched for articles using the MeSH terms "microbiological techniques," "Mycobacterium," "antibacterial agents." In addition, free terms were used in the search. The search yielded 6,674 publications. After filter application, 5,348 publications remained. Of these, we evaluated the full text of 187 publications. By applying the inclusion criteria, 69 studies were included in the present systematic review. In the literature analyzed, a great variety in the techniques used to determine a drug's MBC in M. tuberculosis was observed. The most common variability is related to the culture media used, culture incubation time, and the percentage of bacterial death for the drug to be considered as bactericidal. The most commonly used technique for drug's MBC determination was carried out using the drug's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Aliquots from prior MIC values were subcultured in Middlebrook agar and incubated for 4 weeks at 35°C for determining the colony forming unit (CFU) with relevance to detect 99.9% bacilli killed or reduction in 3 log10 viable bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thais da Silva Santos
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias Ghiraldi Lopes
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Aline Zanetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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44
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Screening of natural compounds that targets glutamate racemase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the anti-tubercular potential of flavonoids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:949. [PMID: 31969615 PMCID: PMC6976638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a highly infectious disease accounting for nearly 1.5 million deaths every year and has been a major global concern. Moreover, resistance to anti-TB drugs is an arduous obstacle to effective prevention, TB care and management. Therefore, incessant attempts are being made to identify novel drug targets and newer anti-tubercular drugs to fight with this deadly pathogen. Increasing resistance, adverse effects and costly treatment by conventional therapeutic agents have been inclining the researchers to search for an alternative source of medicine. In this regard natural compounds have been exploited extensively for their therapeutic interventions targeting cellular machinery of MTB. Glutamate racemase (MurI) is an enzyme involved in peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis and has become an attractive target due to its moonlighting property. We screened various classes of natural compounds using computational approach for their binding to MTB-MurI. Shortlisted best docked compounds were evaluated for their functional, structural and anti-mycobacterial activity. The results showed that two flavonoids (naringenin and quercetin) exhibited best binding affinity with MTB-MurI and inhibited the racemization activity with induced structural perturbation. In addition, fluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to confirm the membrane and cell wall damages in mycobacterial cells on exposure to flavonoids. Together, these observations could provide impetus for further research in better understanding of anti-tubercular mechanisms of flavonoids and establishing them as lead molecules for TB treatment.
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45
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Mittal P, Sinha R, Kumar A, Singh P, Ngasainao MR, Singh A, Singh IK. Focusing on DNA Repair and Damage Tolerance Mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Therapeutic Theme. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:390-408. [PMID: 31924156 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease that has become a nuisance in the world scenario and one of the most deadly diseases of the current times. The etiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) kills millions of people each year. Not only 1.7 million people worldwide are estimated to harbor M. tb in the latent form but also 5 to 15 percent of which are expected to acquire an infection during a lifetime. Though curable, a long duration of drug regimen and expense leads to low patient adherence. The emergence of multi-, extensive- and total- drug-resistant strains of M. tb further complicates the situation. Owing to high TB burden, scientists worldwide are trying to design novel therapeutics to combat this disease. Therefore, to identify new drug targets, there is a growing interest in targeting DNA repair pathways to fight this infection. Thus, this review aims to explore DNA repair and damage tolerance as an efficient target for drug development by understanding M. tb DNA repair and tolerance machinery and its regulation, its role in pathogenesis and survival, mutagenesis, and consequently, in the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Rajesh Sinha
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Public Health Research Institute, NJMS-Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States
| | - Moses Rinchui Ngasainao
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Abozeid MA, El-Sawi AA, Abdelmoteleb M, Awad H, Abdel-Aziz MM, Hassan Abdel-Rahman AR, Ibrahim El-Desoky ES. Synthesis of novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids with potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antituberculosis activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42998-43009. [PMID: 35514936 PMCID: PMC9058152 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multitarget-directed drugs (hybrid drugs) constitute an efficient avenue for the treatment of multifactorial diseases. In this work, novel naphthalene hybrids with different heterocyclic scaffolds such as nicotinonitrile, pyran, pyranopyrazole, pyrazole, pyrazolopyridine, and azepine were efficiently synthesized via tandem reactions of 3-formyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one 1 with different nucleophilic reagents. Analysis of these hybrids using PASS online software indicated different predicted biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, etc. By focusing on antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antituberculosis activities, many compounds revealed remarkable activities. While 3c, 3e, and 3h were more potent than doxorubicin in the case of HepG-2 cell lines, 3a–e, 3i, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 12b were more potent in the case of MCF-7. Moreover, compounds 3c, 3h, 8, 10, 3d, and 12b manifested superior activity and COX-2 selectivity to the reference anti-inflammatory Celecoxib. Regarding antituberculosis activity, 3c, 3d, and 3i were found to be the most promising with MIC less than 1 μg mL−1. The molecular docking studies showed strong polar and hydrophobic interactions with the novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids that were compatible with experimental evaluations to a great extent. Novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids were synthesized via tandem reactions of 3-formylchromone with different nucleophilic reagents. Various hybrids revealed potent antitumor and anti-inflammatory as well as promising antituberculosis activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Atef El-Sawi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program (FARRP)
- Department of Food Science & Technology
- University of Nebraska
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Hanem Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology
- Chemical Industries Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Giza
- Egypt
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Dzul-Beh ADJ, García-Sosa K, Uc-Cachón AH, Bórquez J, Loyola LA, Barrios-García HB, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Molina-Salinas GM. In vitro growth inhibition and bactericidal activity of spathulenol against drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Islam MI, Han CM, Seo H, Kim S, Mahmud HA, Nam KW, Lee BE, Sadu VS, Lee KI, Song HY. In vitro activity of DNF-3 against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Non-antibiotic adjunctive therapy: A promising approach to fight tuberculosis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104289. [PMID: 31152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently a clinical and public health problem. There is a concern about the emergence and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) species. Additionally, the lack of effective vaccines is another limitation to control the related infections. To overcome these problems various approaches have been pursued such as finding novel drug candidates with a new mechanism of action or repurposing conventional antibiotics. However, these strategies are still far from clinical application. Hence, the use of adjunctive therapy has been suggested for TB. In this paper, we review non-antibiotic adjunctive treatment options for TB. Natural products, vitamins, micronutrients, and trace elementals, as well as non-antibiotic drugs, are examples of agents which have been used as adjunctive therapies. The use of these adjunctive therapies has been shown to improve disease outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic drugs. Employing these agents, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, might be considered as a promising approach to control TB infections and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is still scant and merits further investigations.
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50
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Similarities, variations, and evolution of cytochrome P450s in Streptomyces versus Mycobacterium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3962. [PMID: 30850694 PMCID: PMC6408508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) found in all domains of life are known for their catalytic versatility and stereo- and regio-specific activity. While the impact of lifestyle on P450 evolution was reported in many eukaryotes, this remains to be addressed in bacteria. In this report, Streptomyces and Mycobacterium, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, were studied owing to their contrasting lifestyles and impacts on human. Analyses of all P450s and those predicted to be associated with secondary metabolism have revealed that different lifestyles have affected the evolution of P450s in these bacterial genera. We have found that while species in both genera have essentially the same number of P450s in the genome, Streptomyces P450s are much more diverse than those of Mycobacterium. Moreover, despite both belonging to Actinobacteria, only 21 P450 families were common, and 123 and 56 families were found to be unique to Streptomyces and Mycobacterium, respectively. The presence of a large and diverse number of P450s in Streptomyces secondary metabolism contributes to antibiotic diversity, helping to secure the niche. Conversely, based on the currently available functional data, types of secondary metabolic pathways and associated P450s, mycobacterial P450s seem to play a role in utilization or synthesis of lipids.
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