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Yin B, Jia J, Sun X, Hu X, Ao M, Liu W, Tian Z, Liu H, Li D, Tian W, Hao Y, Xia X, Sade N, Brotman Y, Fernie AR, Chen J, He Z, Chen W. Dynamic metabolite QTL analyses provide novel biochemical insights into kernel development and nutritional quality improvement in common wheat. Plant Commun 2024; 5:100792. [PMID: 38173227 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in crop metabolomics, the genetic control and molecular basis of the wheat kernel metabolome at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. Here, we performed widely targeted metabolite profiling of kernels from three developmental stages (grain-filling kernels [FKs], mature kernels [MKs], and germinating kernels [GKs]) using a population of 159 recombinant inbred lines. We detected 625 annotated metabolites and mapped 3173, 3143, and 2644 metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) in FKs, MKs, and GKs, respectively. Only 52 mQTLs were mapped at all three stages, indicating the high stage specificity of the wheat kernel metabolome. Four candidate genes were functionally validated by in vitro enzymatic reactions and/or transgenic approaches in wheat, three of which mediated the tricin metabolic pathway. Metabolite flux efficiencies within the tricin pathway were evaluated, and superior candidate haplotypes were identified, comprehensively delineating the tricin metabolism pathway in wheat. Finally, additional wheat metabolic pathways were re-constructed by updating them to incorporate the 177 candidate genes identified in this study. Our work provides new information on variations in the wheat kernel metabolome and important molecular resources for improvement of wheat nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingqi Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Ao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhitao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfei Tian
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Zhonghu He
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sankar K, Lee KY, Kwak KW, Lee SJ, Lee YB. Seasonal Stability Assessment of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Normalization in Bombus terrestris. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1335-1347. [PMID: 38392203 PMCID: PMC10887669 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bumblebees (B. terrestris) play a crucial role as highly efficient biological agents in commercial pollination. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing their adaptation to diverse seasonal environments may pave the way for effective management strategies in the future. With the burgeoning advancement in post-genetic studies focusing on B. terrestris, there is a critical need to normalize quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) data using suitable reference genes. To address this necessity, we employed RefFinder, a software-based tool, to assess the suitability of several candidate endogenous control genes, including actin (ACT), arginine kinase (AK), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), phospholipase (PLA2), and ribosomal proteins (S18, S28). These genes were evaluated for their efficacy as biological endogenous controls by examining their expression patterns across various environmental conditions corresponding to different seasons (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter) and tissues (ovary, fat body, thorax, head) in bumblebees. Moreover, the study investigated the significance of selecting appropriate reference genes for three key genes involved in the juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathways: Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), methyl farnesoate epoxidase (MFE), and Vitellogenin (Vg). Our research identifies specific genes suitable for normalization in B. terrestris, thereby offering valuable insights into gene expression and functional metabolic genetics under varying seasonal conditions. This catalog of reference genes will serve as a valuable resource for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathannan Sankar
- Agricultural Biology Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yong Lee
- Agricultural Biology Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kwak
- Agricultural Biology Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Agricultural Biology Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Lee
- Agricultural Biology Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Theeuwen TPJM, Logie LL, Harbinson J, Aarts MGM. Genetics as a key to improving crop photosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3122-3137. [PMID: 35235648 PMCID: PMC9126732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the basic biochemical mechanisms of photosynthesis are remarkably conserved among plant species, genetic modification approaches have so far been the main route to improve the photosynthetic performance of crops. Yet, phenotypic variation observed in wild species and between varieties of crop species implies there is standing natural genetic variation for photosynthesis, offering a largely unexplored resource to use for breeding crops with improved photosynthesis and higher yields. The reason this has not yet been explored is that the variation probably involves thousands of genes, each contributing only a little to photosynthesis, making them hard to identify without proper phenotyping and genetic tools. This is changing, though, and increasingly studies report on quantitative trait loci for photosynthetic phenotypes. So far, hardly any of these quantitative trait loci have been used in marker assisted breeding or genomic selection approaches to improve crop photosynthesis and yield, and hardly ever have the underlying causal genes been identified. We propose to take the genetics of photosynthesis to a higher level, and identify the genes and alleles nature has used for millions of years to tune photosynthesis to be in line with local environmental conditions. We will need to determine the physiological function of the genes and alleles, and design novel strategies to use this knowledge to improve crop photosynthesis through conventional plant breeding, based on readily available crop plant germplasm. In this work, we present and discuss the genetic methods needed to reveal natural genetic variation, and elaborate on how to apply this to improve crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P J M Theeuwen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Louise L Logie
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abbas A, Yu H, Li X, Cui H, Chen J, Huang P. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) under Different Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11017. [PMID: 34681677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) is an aggressive and serious annual grass weed in China. Its DD genome is a rich source of genetic material and performs better under different abiotic stress conditions (salinity, drought, temperature, etc.). Reverse-transcribed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a reliable technique for reference gene selection and validation. This work aimed to evaluate the stability of reference gene expression in Ae. tauschii under different abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, hot, and cold) and developmental stages (seedling and development). The results show that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 36-like (UBC36) and protein microrchidia 2-like (HSP) are the most stable genes under control and salinity conditions, respectively. Under drought stress conditions, UBC36 is more stable as compared with others. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) is the most stable reference gene during heat stress conditions and thioredoxin-like protein (YLS) under cold stress condition. Phosphate2A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (ETIF3) are the most stable genes at seedling and developmental stages. Intracellular transport protein (CAC) is recommended as the most stable gene under different abiotic stresses and at developmental stages. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of NHX1 and DREB under different levels of salinity and drought stress conditions varied with the most (HSP and UBC36) and least (YLS and ACT) stable genes. This study provides reliable reference genes for understanding the tolerance mechanisms in Ae. tauschii under different abiotic stress conditions.
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Dalberto PF, de Souza EV, Abbadi BL, Neves CE, Rambo RS, Ramos AS, Macchi FS, Machado P, Bizarro CV, Basso LA. Handling the Hurdles on the Way to Anti-tuberculosis Drug Development. Front Chem 2020; 8:586294. [PMID: 33330374 PMCID: PMC7710551 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.586294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) imposes a sustained epidemiologic vigilance and investments in research by governments. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of TB in human beings, is a very successful pathogen, being the main cause of death in the population among infectious agents. In 2018, ~10 million individuals were contaminated with this bacillus and became ill with TB, and about 1.2 million succumbed to the disease. Most of the success of the M. tuberculosis to linger in the population comes from its ability to persist in an asymptomatic latent state into the host and, in fact, the majority of the individuals are unaware of being contaminated. Even though TB is a treatable disease and is curable in most cases, the treatment is lengthy and laborious. In addition, the rise of resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs elicits a response from TB research groups to discover new chemical entities, preferably with novel mechanisms of action. The pathway to find a new TB drug, however, is arduous and has many barriers that are difficult to overcome. Fortunately, several approaches are available today to be pursued by scientists interested in anti-TB drug development, which goes from massively testing chemical compounds against mycobacteria, to discovering new molecular targets by genetic manipulation. This review presents some difficulties found along the TB drug development process and illustrates different approaches that might be used to try to identify new molecules or targets that are able to impair M. tuberculosis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Noreen Z, Loffredo CA, Bhatti A, Simhadri JJ, Nunlee-Bland G, Nnanabu T, John P, Khan JS, Ghosh S. Transcriptional Profiling and Biological Pathway(s) Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Pakistani Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17. [PMID: 32823525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important global health concern. Our earlier epidemiological investigation in Pakistan prompted us to conduct a molecular investigation to decipher the differential genetic pathways of this health condition in relation to non-diabetic controls. Our microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their canonical pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) was performed to validate the selected differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, LEPR, MYC, RRAD, CYP2D6, TP53, APOC1, APOC2, CYP1B1, SLC2A13, and SLC33A1 using a small population validation sample (n = 15 cases and their corresponding matched controls). Overall, our small pilot study revealed a discrete gene expression profile in cases compared to controls. The disease pathways included: Insulin Receptor Signaling, Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling, Apoptosis Signaling, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling, p53 Signaling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, Parkinson's Signaling, Molecular Mechanism of Cancer, and Cell Cycle G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, GABA Receptor Signaling, Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathway, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, Sirtuin Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Phosphorylation, LXR/RXR Activation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. These gene fingerprints could lead to the development of biomarkers for the identification of subgroups at high risk for future disease well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.
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Borrill P, Harrington SA, Uauy C. Applying the latest advances in genomics and phenomics for trait discovery in polyploid wheat. Plant J 2019; 97:56-72. [PMID: 30407665 PMCID: PMC6378701 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving traits in wheat has historically been challenging due to its large and polyploid genome, limited genetic diversity and in-field phenotyping constraints. However, within recent years many of these barriers have been lowered. The availability of a chromosome-level assembly of the wheat genome now facilitates a step-change in wheat genetics and provides a common platform for resources, including variation data, gene expression data and genetic markers. The development of sequenced mutant populations and gene-editing techniques now enables the rapid assessment of gene function in wheat directly. The ability to alter gene function in a targeted manner will unmask the effects of homoeolog redundancy and allow the hidden potential of this polyploid genome to be discovered. New techniques to identify and exploit the genetic diversity within wheat wild relatives now enable wheat breeders to take advantage of these additional sources of variation to address challenges facing food production. Finally, advances in phenomics have unlocked rapid screening of populations for many traits of interest both in greenhouses and in the field. Looking forwards, integrating diverse data types, including genomic, epigenetic and phenomics data, will take advantage of big data approaches including machine learning to understand trait biology in wheat in unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Borrill
- School of BiosciencesThe University of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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Li J, Han X, Wang C, Qi W, Zhang W, Tang L, Zhao X. Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Data in Achyranthes bidentata Blume under Different Experimental Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:776. [PMID: 28559905 PMCID: PMC5432617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive technique for gene expression studies. However, choosing the appropriate reference gene is essential to obtain reliable results for RT-qPCR assays. In the present work, the expression of eight candidate reference genes, EF1-α (elongation factor 1-α), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), UBC (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), UBQ (polyubiquitin), ACT (actin), β-TUB (β-tubulin), APT1 (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 1), and 18S rRNA (18S ribosomal RNA), was evaluated in Achyranthes bidentata samples using two algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. The samples were classified into groups according to developmental stages, various tissues, stresses (cold, heat, drought, NaCl), and hormone treatments (MeJA, IBA, SA). Suitable combination of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization should be applied according to different experimental conditions. In this study, EF1-α, UBC, and ACT genes were verified as the suitable reference genes across all tested samples. To validate the suitability of the reference genes, we evaluated the relative expression of CAS, which is a gene that may be involved in phytosterol synthesis. Our results provide the foundation for gene expression analysis in A. bidentata and other species of Amaranthaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude DrugsXinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinting Li,
| | - Xueping Han
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
| | - Wanzhen Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
| | - Xiting Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude DrugsXinxiang, China
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Ma X, Guan L, Xuan J, Wang H, Yuan Z, Wu M, Liu R, Zhu C, Wei C, Zhao F, Du L, Zhang L. Effect of polymorphisms in the CAMKMT gene on growth traits in Ujumqin sheep. Anim Genet 2016; 47:618-22. [PMID: 27435482 DOI: 10.1111/age.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous genome-wide association study in sheep revealed that OAR3-84073899.1 (SNP31) in intron 8 of the CAMKMT gene was significantly associated with post-weaning gain at the genomic level. Herein, we performed a replication study to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CAMKMT gene exons, and 1000 bp of the 5'- and 3'-intranslated regions (UTRs) and their associations with growth traits in Ujumqin sheep. Five SNPs were identified through DNA pool sequencing technology: SNP26 in the 5'-UTR, SNP06 in exon 5, SNP07 in exon 8 and SNP27 and SNP28 in the 3'-UTR. Six SNPs, including SNP31 in intron 8, were genotyped in the validation group of 343 Ujumqin sheep, and each SNP was classified into three genotypes. The chi-square test suggested that all the variations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05) except for SNP28 and SNP31. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that SNP07 and SNP31 were strongly linked. An association analysis suggested that SNP06 was significantly associated with chest girth at 6 months of age (P < 0.05). SNP07 exhibited significant correlation with body weight and chest girth at 4 months of age and with body weight, chest girth and chest width at 6 months of age (P < 0.05). SNP27 was highly associated with body weight and chest girth at 4 months of age (P < 0.05), and SNP28 was extremely significantly associated with body weight and chest girth at 4 months of age and with chest girth at 6 months of age (P < 0.01). SNP31 was significantly associated with body weight and shin circumference at 4 months of age and with post-weaning gain (P < 0.05). Association analysis of the combined effect of SNP07 and SNP31 showed significant correlation with body weight and chest girth at four of months of age (P < 0.05) and with body weight and chest girth at 6 months of age (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the SNPs could be used as meritorious and available genetic markers in growth traits breeding and that the CAMKMT gene may be one of the key candidate genes that affect Ujumqin economic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Long Guan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junli Xuan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruizao Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caiye Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixin Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Fujita D, Trijatmiko KR, Tagle AG, Sapasap MV, Koide Y, Sasaki K, Tsakirpaloglou N, Gannaban RB, Nishimura T, Yanagihara S, Fukuta Y, Koshiba T, Slamet-Loedin IH, Ishimaru T, Kobayashi N. NAL1 allele from a rice landrace greatly increases yield in modern indica cultivars. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20431-6. [PMID: 24297875 PMCID: PMC3870739 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310790110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing crop production is essential for securing the future food supply in developing countries in Asia and Africa as economies and populations grow. However, although the Green Revolution led to increased grain production in the 1960s, no major advances have been made in increasing yield potential in rice since then. In this study, we identified a gene, SPIKELET NUMBER (SPIKE), from a tropical japonica rice landrace that enhances the grain productivity of indica cultivars through pleiotropic effects on plant architecture. Map-based cloning revealed that SPIKE was identical to NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1), which has been reported to control vein pattern in leaf. Phenotypic analyses of a near-isogenic line of a popular indica cultivar, IR64, and overexpressor lines revealed increases in spikelet number, leaf size, root system, and the number of vascular bundles, indicating the enhancement of source size and translocation capacity as well as sink size. The near-isogenic line achieved 13-36% yield increase without any negative effect on grain appearance. Expression analysis revealed that the gene was expressed in all cell types: panicles, leaves, roots, and culms supporting the pleiotropic effects on plant architecture. Furthermore, SPIKE increased grain yield by 18% in the recently released indica cultivar IRRI146, and increased spikelet number in the genetic background of other popular indica cultivars. The use of SPIKE in rice breeding could contribute to food security in indica-growing regions such as South and Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujita
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan; and
| | - Kurniawan Rudi Trijatmiko
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Analiza Grubanzo Tagle
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Veronica Sapasap
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yohei Koide
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ritchel Bueno Gannaban
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yanagihara
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Fukuta
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Inez Hortense Slamet-Loedin
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Tsutomu Ishimaru
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kobayashi
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan; and
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