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Wang X, Wei Y, He Z, Wang D, Zhang L, Du J, Zhang M, Jiang M, Chen N, Deng M, Li B, Song C, Chen D, Liu H, Xiao J, Liang H, Zhao H, Kong Y. CD70-induced differentiation of proinflammatory Th1/17/22/GM lymphocytes associated with disease progression and immune reconstitution during HIV infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2271068. [PMID: 37824079 PMCID: PMC10606822 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2271068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune overactivation is a hallmark of chronic HIV infection, which is critical to HIV pathogenesis and disease progression. The imbalance of helper T cell (Th) differentiation and subsequent cytokine dysregulation are generally considered to be the major drivers of excessive activation and inflammatory disorders in HIV infection. However, the accurate factors driving HIV-associated Th changes remained to be established. CD70, which was a costimulatory molecule, was found to increase on CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. Overexpression of CD70 on CD4+ T cells was recently reported to associate with highly pathogenic proinflammatory Th1/Th17 polarization in multiple sclerosis. Thus, the role of CD70 in the imbalance of Th polarization and immune overactivation during HIV infection needs to be investigated. Here, we found that the elevated frequency of CD70 + CD4+ T cells was negatively correlated with CD4 count and positively associated with immune activation in treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH). More importantly, CD70 expression defined a population of proinflammatory Th1/17/22/GM subsets in PLWH. Blocking CD70 decreased the mRNA expression of subset-specific markers during Th1/17/22/GM polarization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CD70 influenced the differentiation of these Th cells through STAT pathway. Finally, it was revealed that patients with a high baseline level of CD70 on CD4+ T cells exhibited a greater risk of poor immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy (ART) than those with low CD70. In general, our data highlighted the role of CD70 in Th1/17/22/GM differentiation during HIV infection and provided evidence for CD70 as a potential biomarker for predicting immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijiao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leidan Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiju Deng
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Zhang L, Du J, Wei Y, Wang D, Song C, Chen D, Li B, Jiang M, Zhang M, Zhao H, Kong Y. Decreased CD73+ Double-Negative T Cells and Elevated Level of Soluble CD73 Correlated With and Predicted Poor Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients After Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869286. [PMID: 35444646 PMCID: PMC9013806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made great progress in controlling HIV replication and improving CD4+ T cell recovery, the immune reconstitution remained insufficient in some patients, who were defined as poor immunological responders (PIRs). These PIRs were at a high risk of AIDS-related and non-AIDS complications, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, it is a major challenge and urgently needed to distinguish PIRs early and improve their immune function in time. Immune activation is a key factor that leads to impaired immune reconstitution in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are receiving effective ART. Double negative T cells (DNT) were reported to associate with the control of immune activation during HIV infection. However, the precise mechanisms by which DNT cells exerted their suppressive capacity during HIV infection remained puzzled. CD73, both a soluble and a membrane-bound form, display immunosuppressive effects through producing adenosine (ADO). Thus, whether DNT cells expressed CD73 and mediated immune suppression through CD73-ADO pathway needs to be investigated. Here, we found a significant downregulation of CD73 expression on DNT cells in treatment-naïve PLWH (TNs) compared to healthy controls, accompanied with increased concentration of sCD73 in plasma. Both the frequency of CD73+ DNT cells and the level of plasma sCD73 recovered after ART treatment. However, PIRs showed decreased percentage of CD73+ DNT cells compared to immunological responders (IRs). The frequency of CD73+ DNT cells was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, and negatively correlated with immune activation in PLWH. The level of sCD73 also showed a negative correlation to CD4+ T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio. More importantly, in the present cohort, a higher level of sCD73 at the time of initiating ART could predict poor immune reconstitution in PLWH after long-term ART. Our findings highlighted the importance of CD73+ DNT cells and sCD73 in the disease progression and immune reconstitution of PLWH, and provided evidences for sCD73 as a potential biomarker of predicting immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leidan Zhang
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaxian Kong, ; Hongxin Zhao,
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaxian Kong, ; Hongxin Zhao,
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Wang D, Jiang Y, Song Y, Zeng Y, Li C, Wang X, Liu Y, Xiao J, Kong Y, Zhao H. Altered T-Cell Subsets are Associated with Dysregulated Cytokine Secretion of CD4 + T Cells During HIV Infection. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5149-5163. [PMID: 34675594 PMCID: PMC8504938 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the regulation of immunopathogenesis in HIV infection. Previous studies have shown contradictory results of the CD4+ T-cell responses in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 healthy controls, 134 ART-naïve PLHIV, and 34 individuals who experienced 3-year ART with low baseline CD4 count from 4 August 2016 to 23 January 2019. We determined the frequencies of CD4+ T-cell subsets and described the cytokine secretion pattern of total and subsets of CD4+ T cells in these individuals. Results We found that CD4+ T cells in PLHIV displayed enhanced secretion of pro-inflammation cytokines and polyfunctionality due to HIV disease progression (r = -0.282, P = 0.0035 for IFN-γ; r = -0.412, P = 0.0002 for TNF-α; r = -0.243, P < 0.0001 for GM-CSF; r = -0.252, P = 0.0093 for IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ cells). However, the altered T-cell subsets, as presented by the loss of naïve cells and expansion of memory/effector population in PLHIV, were associated with discordant results in total and subsets of CD4+ T cells. As major cytokine-producing T subsets, effector/memory CD4 subsets showed impaired cytokine production (P < 0.05). We further demonstrated that 3-year ART treatment could improve CD4 counts by increasing the pool of naïve T cells but could not restore cytokine secretion in CD4+ T-cell subsets (P < 0.05). Conclusion These data identified the impaired capacity of cytokine secretion in CD4+ T-cell subsets due to HIV disease progression, and the altered T-cell subsets were associated with pseudo-elevation of cytokine production in total CD4+ T cells. This study collectively suggested the importance of therapies that can preserve and/or enhance the function of CD4+ T cells in strategies of HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzi Song
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Zeng
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilin Li
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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