1
|
Isaiah S, Loots DT, van Furth AMT, Davoren E, van Elsland S, Solomons R, van der Kuip M, Mason S. Urinary markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysbiosis in paediatric tuberculous meningitis cases undergoing treatment. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38475868 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) involves infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the meninges and brain. However, recent studies have shown that the immune response and inflammatory processes triggered by TBM can have significant effects on gut microbiota. Disruptions in the gut microbiome have been linked to various systemic consequences, including altered immunity and metabolic dysregulation. Inflammation caused by TBM, antibiotic treatment, and changes in host immunity can all influence the composition of gut microbes. This complex relationship between TBM and the gut microbiome is of great importance in clinical settings. To gain a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between TBM and the gut microbiome, we report innovative insights into the development of the disease in response to treatment. Ultimately, this could lead to improved outcomes, management strategies and quality of life for individuals affected by TBM. METHOD We used a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to investigate metabolites associated with gut metabolism in paediatric participants by analysing the urine samples collected from a control group (n = 40), and an experimental group (n = 35) with confirmed TBM, which were subdivided into TBM stage 1 (n = 8), stage 2 (n = 11) and stage 3 (n = 16). FINDINGS Our metabolomics investigation showed that, of the 78 initially selected compounds of microbiome origin, eight unique urinary metabolites were identified: 2-methylbutyrlglycine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-methylcrotonylglycine, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, isobutyrylglycine, and phenylacetylglutamine as urinary markers of dysbiosis in TBM. CONCLUSION These results - which are supported by previous urinary studies of tuberculosis - highlight the importance of gut metabolism and of identifying corresponding microbial metabolites as novel points for the foundation of improved management of TBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Isaiah
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Vrije Universiteit, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elmarie Davoren
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sabine van Elsland
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Vrije Universiteit, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lemaire JF, Cohn J, Kakayeva S, Tchounga B, Ekouévi PF, Ilunga VK, Ochieng Yara D, Lanje S, Bhamu Y, Haule L, Namubiru M, Nyamundaya T, Berset M, de Souza M, Machekano R, Casenghi M. Improving TB detection among children in routine clinical care through intensified case finding in facility-based child health entry points and decentralized management: A before-and-after study in Nine Sub-Saharan African Countries. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002865. [PMID: 38315700 PMCID: PMC10843113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, an estimated 1.25 million children <15 years of age developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, but >50% remained undiagnosed or unreported. WHO recently recommended integrated and decentralized models of care as an approach to improve access to TB services for children, but evidence remains limited. The Catalyzing Paediatric TB Innovation project (CaP-TB) implemented a multi-pronged intervention to improve TB case finding in children in nine sub-Saharan African countries. The intervention introduced systematic TB screening in different facility-based child-health entry-points, decentralisation of TB diagnosis and management, improved sample collection with access to Xpert® MTB/RIF or MTB/RIF Ultra testing, and implementation of contact investigation. Pre-intervention records were compared with those during intervention to assess effect on paediatric TB cascade of care. The intervention screened 1 991 401 children <15 years of age for TB across 144 health care facilities. The monthly paediatric TB case detection rate increased significantly during intervention versus pre-intervention (+46.0%, 95% CI 36.2-55.8%; p<0.0001), with variability across countries. The increase was greater in the <5 years old compared to the 5-14 years old (+53.4%, 95% CI 35.2-71.9%; p<0.0001 versus +39.9%, 95% CI 27.6-52.2%; p<0.0001). Relative contribution of lower-tier facilities to total case detection rate increased from 37% (71.8/191.8) pre-intervention to 50% (139.9/280.2) during intervention. The majority (89.5%) of children with TB were identified through facility-based intensified case-finding and primarily accessed care through outpatient and inpatient departments. In this multi-country study implemented under real-life conditions, the implementation of integrated and decentralized interventions increased paediatric TB case detection. The increase was driven by lower-tier facilities that serve as the primary point of healthcare contact for most patients. The effect was greater in children < 5 years compared to 5-14 years old, representing an important achievement as the TB detection gap is higher in this subpopulation. (Study number NCT03948698).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Cohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shirin Kakayeva
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Boris Tchounga
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Vicky Kambaji Ilunga
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | - Samson Lanje
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Yusuf Bhamu
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Leo Haule
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Namubiru
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Maude Berset
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rhoderick Machekano
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Russo DO, Jimenez ALL, Diniz LMO, Cardoso CA, Romanelli RMDC. Missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: a scoping review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024:S0021-7557(24)00006-8. [PMID: 38301735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify potential barriers, delays, and missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. METHODS Scoping review according to the PRISMA extension. The definitions considered for the selection followed the acronym PCC where the population (P) is children under 18 years of age with TB disease, the concept (C) refers to missed opportunities for prevention and diagnosis, and context (C) is defined as a diagnosis of TB disease. The authors searched systematically in the databases; VHL/Lilacs, Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, without date or language limitation. RESULTS Seven studies were included. In developed countries, with low disease burden, the main shortcoming is the delay in diagnosing bacilliferous adults in contact with young children. This problem is concentrated in the portion of the population with socioeconomic vulnerability. In underdeveloped countries, with a high burden of disease, the biggest challenge is tracking children who come into contact with bacilliferous patients. CONCLUSIONS There are still many missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. The positive legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic should be taken advantage of and the encouragement of scientific development in the management of infectious diseases should be taken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Otoni Russo
- Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Departamento de Infectologia Pediátrica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Lilian Martins Oliveira Diniz
- Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Departamento de Infectologia Pediátrica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudete Araújo Cardoso
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento Materno-Infantil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Munedzimwe F, Chetty-Makkan CM, Mukora R, Charalambous S, Turner K, Chihota V. "It's about time they taught us": a qualitative study evaluating the barriers to finding and screening child contacts under five at risk for TB in Gauteng Province, South Africa from the provider and caregiver perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1415. [PMID: 38102646 PMCID: PMC10722712 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate numbers of children under five years of age who are exposed to tuberculosis (TB) in the home (child contact) are initiated on TB preventive treatment (TPT) in South Africa. We assessed barriers of initiating isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in this age group. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study at two primary health clinics in the Ekurhuleni district in Gauteng Province. Between April and July 2019, we enrolled facility managers, TB staff and parents or legal guardians of child contacts (caregivers) attending for care, at the two facilities. Semi-structured questionnaires, facility observations and in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data. Findings from the semi-structured questionnaires with facility staff and facility observations were summarized. Thematic analysis with a deductive approach was used to analyse the data from the in-depth interviews with caregivers. RESULTS Two facility managers took part in the study and were assisted to complete the semi-structured questionnaires by TB staff. Fifteen caregivers aged between 18 and 43 years were interviewed of which 13 (87%) were female. Facility managers and TB staff (facility staff) felt that even though caregivers knew of family members who were on TB treatment, they delayed bringing their children for TB screening and TPT. Facility staff perceived caregivers as not understanding the purpose and benefits of TB prevention strategies such as TPT. Caregivers expressed the desire for their children to be screened for TB. However, caregivers lacked knowledge on TB transmission and the value of TB prevention in children at high risk of infection. CONCLUSION While facility staff perceived caregivers to lack responsibility, caregivers expressed limited knowledge on the value of screening their children for TB as reasons for not accessing TB preventive services. Health education on TB transmission, screening, and TB prevention strategies at a community level, clinics, creches, schools and via media are important to achieve the global end TB goal of early detection and prevention of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadzai Munedzimwe
- The Aurum Institute, Aurum House, The Ridge, 29 Queens Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - C M Chetty-Makkan
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Mukora
- The Aurum Institute, Aurum House, The Ridge, 29 Queens Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Charalambous
- The Aurum Institute, Aurum House, The Ridge, 29 Queens Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Turner
- The Aurum Institute, Aurum House, The Ridge, 29 Queens Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - V Chihota
- The Aurum Institute, Aurum House, The Ridge, 29 Queens Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foster J, Marais BJ, Mendez D, McBryde ES. Critical Review of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children from Papua New Guinea Presenting to Health Facilities in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2947. [PMID: 38138091 PMCID: PMC10745913 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric tuberculosis can be challenging to diagnose, and various approaches are used in different settings. A retrospective review was conducted on Papua New Guinea (PNG) children with presumptive TB who presented for health care in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia, between 2016 and 2019. We compared diagnostic algorithms including the modified Keith Edwards TB Score, The Union Desk Guide, and the new World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm, with diagnostic practices used in the remote Torres Strait Islands. Of the 66 children with presumptive TB, 7 had bacteriologically confirmed TB. The majority (52%) were under 5 years (median age 61 months), and 45% were malnourished. There was moderate agreement across the diagnostic methods (K = 0.34; 95% CI 0.23-0.46), with the highest concordance observed between The Union Desk Guide and the WHO's algorithm (K = 0.61). Local TB physicians might have over-diagnosed presumed lymph node TB while under-diagnosing TB overall. Enhancing the precision and promptness of paediatric TB diagnosis using practical tools is pivotal to decrease TB-related child mortality, notably in isolated regions like the Torres Strait and the Western Province of PNG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J’Belle Foster
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Torres and Cape Tuberculosis Control Unit, Thursday Island, QLD 4875, Australia
| | - Ben J. Marais
- WHO Collaborating Centre in Tuberculosis, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Diana Mendez
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Emma S. McBryde
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Torres and Cape Tuberculosis Control Unit, Thursday Island, QLD 4875, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Joshi B, De Lima YV, Massom DM, Kaing S, Banga MF, Kamara ET, Sesay S, Borand L, Taguebue JV, Moh R, Khosa C, Breton G, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Bonnet M, Wobudeya E, Marcy O, Orne-Gliemann J. Acceptability of decentralizing childhood tuberculosis diagnosis in low-income countries with high tuberculosis incidence: Experiences and perceptions from health care workers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001525. [PMID: 37819919 PMCID: PMC10566691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Decentralizing childhood tuberculosis services, including diagnosis, is now recommended by the WHO and could contribute to increasing tuberculosis detection in high burden countries. However, implementing microbiological tests and clinical evaluation could be challenging for health care workers (HCWs) in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and even District Hospitals (DHs). We sought to assess the acceptability of decentralizing a comprehensive childhood tuberculosis diagnosis package from HCWs' perspective. We conducted implementation research nested within the TB-Speed Decentralization study. HCWs from two health districts of Cambodia, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and Uganda implemented systematic screening, nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and stool sample collection with molecular testing, clinical evaluation and chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation. We investigated their experiences and perceptions in delivering the diagnostic package components in 2020-21 using individual semi-structured interviews. We conducted thematic analysis, supported by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. HCWs (n = 130, 55% female, median age 36 years, 53% nurses, 72% PHC-based) perceived that systematic screening, although increasing workload, was beneficial as it improved childhood tuberculosis awareness. Most HCWs shared satisfaction and confidence in performing NPA, despite procedure duration, need to involve parents/colleagues and discomfort for children. HCWs shared positive attitudes towards stool sample-collection but were frustrated by delayed stool collection associated with cultural practices, transport and distance challenges. Molecular testing, conducted by nurses or laboratory technicians, was perceived as providing quality results, contributing to diagnosis. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis raised self-efficacy issues and need for continuous training and clinical mentoring. HCWs valued CXR, however complained that technical and logistical problems limited access to digital reports. Referral from PHC to DH was experienced as burdensome. HCWs at DH and PHC-levels perceived and experienced decentralized childhood tuberculosis diagnosis as acceptable. Implementation however could be hampered by feasibility issues, and calls for innovative referral mechanisms for patients, samples and CXR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basant Joshi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Sanary Kaing
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Borand
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Raoul Moh
- Programme PAC-CI, Site de l’ANRS Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Celso Khosa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Maryline Bonnet
- University of Montpellier, IRD,–INSERM, TRANSVIH MI, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Wobudeya
- MUJHU Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Care Limited, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olivier Marcy
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joanna Orne-Gliemann
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jenkins HE, Starke J. Revealing Gaps in Our Understanding of Finding Children With TB and Our Ability to Inform Policy. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022059849. [PMID: 36987807 PMCID: PMC10071426 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Jenkins
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Starke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dewandel I, van Niekerk M, Ghimenton-Walters E, Palmer M, Anthony MG, McKenzie C, Croucamp R, Alter G, Demers AM, van Zyl G, Claassen M, Goussard P, Swanepoel R, Hoddinott G, Bosch C, Dunbar R, Allwood B, McCollum ED, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, van der Zalm MM. UMOYA: a prospective longitudinal cohort study to evaluate novel diagnostic tools and to assess long-term impact on lung health in South African children with presumptive pulmonary TB-a study protocol. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 36949477 PMCID: PMC10032249 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a high paediatric tuberculosis (TB) burden globally, sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are lacking. In addition, no data exist on the impact of pulmonary TB on long-term child lung health in low- and middle-income countries. The prospective observational UMOYA study aims (1) to build a state-of-the-art clinical, radiological, and biological repository of well-characterised children with presumptive pulmonary TB as a platform for future studies to explore new emerging diagnostic tools and biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment response; and (2) to investigate the short and long-term impact of pulmonary TB on lung health and quality of life in children. METHODS We will recruit up to 600 children (0-13 years) with presumptive pulmonary TB and 100 healthy controls. Recruitment started in November 2017 and is expected to continue until May 2023. Sputum and non-sputum-based samples are collected at enrolment and during follow-up in TB cases and symptomatic controls. TB treatment is started by routine care services. Intensive follow-up for 6 months will allow for TB cases to retrospectively be classified according to international consensus clinical case definitions for TB. Long-term follow-up, including imaging, comprehensive assessment of lung function and quality of life questionnaires, are done yearly up to 4 years after recruitment. DISCUSSION The UMOYA study will provide a unique platform to evaluate new emerging diagnostic tools and biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment response and to investigate long-term outcomes of pulmonary TB and other respiratory events on lung health in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dewandel
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Margaret van Niekerk
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elisabetta Ghimenton-Walters
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Newcastle-Upon-Tyne National Health Service Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Megan Palmer
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michaile G Anthony
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla McKenzie
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rolanda Croucamp
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Demers
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gert van Zyl
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Claassen
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pierre Goussard
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ruan Swanepoel
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Function, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Corne Bosch
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rory Dunbar
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Allwood
- Department of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric D McCollum
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Global Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - H Simon Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marieke M van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ness TE, Meiwes L, Kay A, Mejia R, Lange C, Farhat M, Mandalakas A, DiNardo A. Optimizing DNA Extraction from Pediatric Stool for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Use in Next-Generation Sequencing Applications. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0226922. [PMID: 36475757 PMCID: PMC9927083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02269-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO has endorsed the use of stool samples for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of stool has been shown to support diagnosis and provide information about drug susceptibility (DS). Optimizing extraction of DNA from stool for sequencing is critical to ensure high diagnostic sensitivity and accurate DS information. Human stool samples were spiked with various concentrations of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and DNA was extracted from the samples using four different DNA extraction kits. Each sample was subjected to quantitative PCR for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria and underwent further analysis to assess the overall DNA yield, fragment length, and purity. This same process was performed with 10 pediatric participants diagnosed with pulmonary TB, and the samples underwent tNGS. The FastDNA spin kit for soil showed the best results on model samples spiked with known quantities of BCG, compared to the other extraction methods evaluated. For clinical samples, the FastDNA and PowerFecal Pro DNA (PowerFecal) kits both showed an increase in the overall DNA quantity, M. tuberculosis-specific DNA quantity, and successful targeted sequencing when testing was performed on stool samples, compared to the two other kits. Three samples extracted via PowerFecal and three samples extracted via FastDNA (from different patients) provided successful sequencing data, with an average depth of coverage of the rpoB region for FastDNA of 298 (range, 107 to 550) and for PowerFecal of 310 (range, 182 to 474), results that were comparable to one another (P = 0.946). The PowerFecal Pro and FastDNA spin kits were superior for extracting DNA from pediatric stool samples for tNGS. IMPORTANCE This is the first study to compare Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA extraction techniques from pediatric stool samples for use with sequencing technologies. It provides an important starting point for other researchers to isolate quality DNA for this purpose to further the field and to continue to optimize protocols and approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara E. Ness
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lennard Meiwes
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Kay
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Center of Excellence, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - Rojelio Mejia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Maha Farhat
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Mandalakas
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew DiNardo
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A 10-year Review of TB Notifications and Mortality Trends Using a Joint Point Analysis in Zambia - a High TB burden country. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124 Suppl 1:S30-S40. [PMID: 35364287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zambia is one of the TB high-burden countries. It is important to track the progress being made towards enhancing case finding and reducing mortality. We reviewed routine TB notifications and mortality trends, over a decade from all facilities in Zambia. METHODS A 10-year retrospective study of TB notifications and mortality trends was performed using a Joint Point Analysis version 4.9.0.0, NCI. We extracted the annual national TB program data for the period under review. RESULTS There was a decline in annual point average for notification between 2010 and 2020 in both males and females, but the females notification rates had a higher rate of decline (AAPC = -6.7, 95%CI:-8.3 to -5.0), p<0.001) compared to the decline in males notification rate (AAPC = -4.1, 95%CI:-4.1 to -5.1, P<0.001). We found a significant growth rate in the proportion of TB patients that were bacteriologically confirmed (AAPC = 6.1, 95% CI: 3.6 to 8.7, p< 0.001), while the proportion of clinically diagnosed patients declined (AAPC= -0.1, 95%CI: -2.3 to 2.1, p<0.001). Notification of drug-resistant TB increased exponentially (AAPC=27.3, 95% CI: 13 to 41), p< 0.001) while mortality rate declined from 21.3 in 2011 to 12.7 in 2019 per 100,000 population (AAP=-5.6, 95%CI: -9.6 to -1.5, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study has illustrated the importance of reviewing and analyzing routinely collected TB data by national programs. The study revealed areas of improvement in terms of TB control and underscores the need for increased and sustained investment in case detection and diagnostics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Marais BJ, Graham SM. The Value of Chest Radiography in Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Screening in Children and Adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:814-816. [PMID: 35653694 PMCID: PMC9799261 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-1023ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Children’s Hospital WestmeadThe University of SydneySydney, Australia,National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC),Centre for Research Excellence in TuberculosisCamperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Graham
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC),Centre for Research Excellence in TuberculosisCamperdown, New South Wales, Australia,Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute,University of MelbourneMelbourne, Australia,Burnet InstituteMelbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Child Contact Case Management-A Major Policy-Practice Gap in High-Burden Countries. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010001. [PMID: 35055949 PMCID: PMC8780142 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2021 Global Tuberculosis (TB) report shows slow progress towards closing the pediatric TB detection gap and improving the TB preventive treatment (TPT) coverage among child and adolescent contacts. This review presents the current knowledge around contact case management (CCM) in low-resource settings, with a focus on child contacts, which represents a key priority population for CCM and TPT. Compelling evidence demonstrates that CCM interventions are a key gateway for both TB case finding and identification of those in need of TPT, and their yield and effectiveness should provide a strong rationale for prioritization by national TB programs. A growing body of evidence is now showing that innovative models of care focused on community-based and patient-centered approaches to household contact investigation can help narrow down the CCM implementation gaps that we are currently facing. The availability of shorter and child-friendly TPT regimens for child contacts provide an additional important opportunity to improve TPT acceptability and adherence. Prioritization of TB CCM implementation and adequate resource mobilization by ministries of health, donors and implementing agencies is needed to timely close the gap.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zumla A, Chakaya J, Khan M, Fatima R, Wejse C, Al-Abri S, Fox GJ, Nachega J, Kapata N, Knipper M, Orcutt M, Goscé L, Abubakar I, Nagu TJ, Mugusi F, Gordon AK, Shanmugam S, Bachmann NL, Lam C, Sintchenko V, Rudolf F, Amanullah F, Kock R, Haider N, Lipman M, King M, Maeurer M, Goletti D, Petrone L, Yaqoob A, Tiberi S, Ditiu L, Sahu S, Marais B, Issayeva AM, Petersen E. World Tuberculosis Day 2021 Theme - 'The Clock is Ticking' - and the world is running out of time to deliver the United Nations General Assembly commitments to End TB due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113 Suppl 1:S1-S6. [PMID: 33746094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremiah Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics and Dermatology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Mishal Khan
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Razia Fatima
- National TB Control Program, Islamabad, Common Unit (HIV, TB, Malaria), Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Oman.
| | - Greg J Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jean Nachega
- Department of Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Ministry of Health, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Michael Knipper
- Institute for the History of Medicine, University Justus Liebig Giessen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Orcutt
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lara Goscé
- University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tumaini Joseph Nagu
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ferdinand Mugusi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Alice Kizny Gordon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nathan Lloyd Bachmann
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Connie Lam
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity and Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frauke Rudolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
| | | | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Najmul Haider
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Lipman
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael King
- NTM Patient Care UK, The Grove Centre London, United Kingdom.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aashifa Yaqoob
- Common Management Unit (TB, HIV & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Ben Marais
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | - Eskild Petersen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark; European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|