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Shaik BB, Karpoormath R. Key challenges in TB drug discovery: A perspective. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129846. [PMID: 38857850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has been responsible for more deaths than any other infectious disease. In recent years, there has been a recovery of research and development (R&D) efforts focused on TB drugs. This is driven by the pressing need to combat the global spread of the disease and develop improved therapies for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains. Many new TB drug candidates have recently entered clinical trials, marking the beginning of a rebirth in this area after decades of neglect. The problem is that very few of the hundreds of compounds identified each year as potential anti-TB drugs really make it to the clinical development stage. This perspective focuses on the primary obstacles and approaches involved in the development of new medications for TB. This will help medicinal chemists better understand TB drug challenges and develop novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baji Baba Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa.
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2
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Marco MH, Ahmedov S, Castro KG. The global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis: A thematic scoping review, 2020-2023. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003043. [PMID: 38959278 PMCID: PMC11221697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This thematic scoping review of publications sought to understand the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB), interpret the scope of resonating themes, and offer policy recommendations to stimulate TB recovery and future pandemic preparedness. DATA SOURCES Publications were captured from three search engines, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, and applicable websites written in English from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2023. STUDY SELECTION Our scoping review was limited to publications detailing the impact of COVID-19 on TB. Original research, reviews, letters, and editorials describing the deleterious and harmful--yet sometimes positive--impact of COVID-19 (sole exposure) on TB (sole outcome) were included. The objective was to methodically categorize the impacts into themes through a comprehensive review of selected studies to provide significant health policy guidance. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently screened citations and full texts, while the third arbitrated when consensus was not met. All three performed data extraction. DATA SYNTHESIS/RESULTS Of 1,755 screened publications, 176 (10%) covering 39 countries over 41 months met the inclusion criteria. By independently using a data extraction instrument, the three authors identified ten principal themes from each publication. These themes were later finalized through a consensus decision. The themes encompassed TB's care cascade, patient-centered care, psychosocial issues, and health services: 1) case-finding and notification (n = 45; 26%); 2) diagnosis and laboratory systems (n = 19; 10.7%) 3) prevention, treatment, and care (n = 22; 12.2%); 4) telemedicine/telehealth (n = 12; 6.8%); 5) social determinants of health (n = 14; 8%); 6) airborne infection prevention and control (n = 8; 4.6%); 7) health system strengthening (n = 22; 13%); 8) mental health (n = 13; 7.4%); 9) stigma (n = 11; 6.3%); and 10) health education (n = 10; 5.7%). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of publications within themes. CONCLUSIONS We identified ten globally generalizable themes of COVID-19's impact on TB. The impact and lessons learned from the themed analysis propelled us to draft public health policy recommendations to direct evidence-informed guidance that strengthens comprehensive global responses, recovery for TB, and future airborne pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Marco
- TB Division, Office of Infectious Diseases, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Global Health Technical Assistance and Mission Support, Vienna, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sevim Ahmedov
- TB Division, Office of Infectious Diseases, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. Castro
- TB Division, Office of Infectious Diseases, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Rollins School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Emory/Georgia TB Research Advancement Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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3
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Chilyabanyama R, Kamanga N, Mwandia JN. Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes among TB patients aged 15 years and older at chawama level one hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2307979. [PMID: 38286134 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2307979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global health concern n impacting communities, health systems, and economies This study assessed the TB treatment outcomes among individuals aged 15+ at Chawama first level hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, using a retrospective design focussing on individuals notified in 2020. The sample was described using descriptive statistics. The Pearson Chi-square test and logistics regression were used to analyse the characteristics of the patients influencing the treatment outcomes at 5% significant level. Out of 404 participants, 83.4% of them had successful treatment outcomes. Varied outcomes were noted in sex, patient type, TB type, HIV status, and DOT plan, but lacked significance. Odds of success were lower by 72.4% for those aged 65+ compared to those aged 15-24 years (OR (95% CI): 0.276 (0.086-0.881), p = .030). Similarly, after adjusting for other variables, the odds of success were lower by 72.9% (AOR (95% CI): 0.271 (0.083-0.882), p = .030). This study yielded an encouraging 83.4% TB success rate highlighting the potential for improvement to meet WHO targets. Notably, individuals aged 65+ showed a distinct pattern with lower treatment success odds, suggesting a need for focussed interventions. Special attention to elderly patients and targeted TB program interventions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Kamanga
- Department of public health school of medicine and health sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jim Nkukwa Mwandia
- Health Programs Department, Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Silva BPMD, Almeida ASD, Sérgio MGDM, Gatto TC, Carasek VP, Yamamura M. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and COVID-19: A Scoping Review on a New Threat to Antimicrobial Resistance. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220803. [PMID: 38055430 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the morbidity and mortality associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). METHODS A comprehensive review of articles published in international databases since December 2019 was conducted. The findings are presented in a narrative format, supplemented with tables, diagrams, and a map created using ArcGIS software. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were selected, highlighting the significant consequences of COVID-19 on TB and DR-TB treatment progress. Four main thematic areas were identified: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of the interaction between COVID-19 and DR-TB; Management of physical resources and the team; Challenges and circumstances; Perspectives and possibilities. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly negatively impacted the control of long-standing diseases like TB, particularly in the context of morbidity and mortality related to DR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mellina Yamamura
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nyoni NTP, Ncube NB, Kubheka MX, Mkhwanazi NP, Senzani S, Singh T, Tukulula M. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity evaluation, DFT calculations, molecular docking and ADME studies of new isomeric benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole-quinoline hybrid mixtures. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106904. [PMID: 37832224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
New benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole-quinoline hybrids and their intermediates, differing in substitutions at the C-2 and/or C6 positions of the benzimidazole ring, were successfully synthesized in 55---80 % yields, with the C6-substituted ones forming as inseparable tautomeric mixtures. The synthesized compounds were fully characterised by FT-IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HRMS. In-depth NMR analysis and DFT molecular calculations showed that the tautomeric mixtures formed in a ratio of almost 1:1 ratio (cis and trans), except for 5 g, where the ratio is 1:2. In vitro antimycobacterial activity evaluation against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterial tuberculosis was undertaken on all synthesized compounds, and a selected number were further screened for their cytotoxicity on TZM-bl cell lines. Hybrid compounds showed excellent MIC90 activities ranging from 1.07 to 8.66 μM and were all more efficacious than the first-line reference drug, ethambutol (MIC90 = 9.54 μM). In particular, hybrid compounds 5b (MIC90 = 1.54 μM, CC50 = 58.89 μM and % cell viability = 14.07), 5d (MIC90 = 2.08 μM, CC50 = 0.27 μM, and % cell viability = 149.50 %) and 5 g (MIC90 = 1.49 μM, CC50 = 4.62 μM and % cell viability = 44.03) were the most promising. Significantly, 5b and 5 g were over six times more efficacious than ethambutol but exhibited cytotoxicity towards TZM-bl cell-lines compared to 5d, which was over four times more active than ethambutol. The physical combination (mimicking combination therapy) of individual pharmacophoric components making up 5 g were less active, indicating the synergistic effect of hybridization. In addition, more than 60 % of all the synthesized hybrids showed better activity than their respective pharmacophoric components. In silico ADME studies of the hybrids revealed favourable physico-chemical properties, while molecular modeling studies suggested binding interactions with Val 61, Gly 62, Glu 65, Ala 66, and Phe 69 amino acid in a reported similar manner to bedaquiline, an approved quinoline-based anti-TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nombulelo T P Nyoni
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nomagugu B Ncube
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mbali X Kubheka
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Heath Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo P Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Heath Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Senzani
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Heath Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Medical School Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thishana Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Matshawandile Tukulula
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Sundaram K, Vajravelu LK, Thulukanam J, Ravi S. A study of analysis on prevalence, serological marker and prognosis of tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:398-404. [PMID: 37968044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is an infectious disease responsible for a significant cause of ill health. According to the WHO global tuberculosis report 2021. 9.9 million cases fell sick with TB in 2020. Significantly, the prevalence of tuberculosis in India is 25%. OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in the suburban areas of the metropolitan city in South India. To analyze the serological marker and prognosis of tuberculosis among males and females. To determine the importance of molecular testing - PCR confirmation on TB after AFB smear. METHODS A retrospective study to analyze 462 patients enrolled by the respiratory medicine department on suspecting pulmonary- 356 (M-264 & F-92) and extra-pulmonary-106 (M-73&F-33) patients and diagnosed Zhiel-Neelsen staining, Mantoux test, Chip-based RT-PCR test, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and analyzed serological test such as C-Reactive Protein, Chemiluminescence immune assay. RESULTS 23 patients were positive in Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 65 were positive in molecular True-Nat PCR test, Mantoux skin test induration in 10 patients, 98 TB Positive patients examined in the serological analysis, 1 & 3 patients reacted in HIV/HBsAg, and HBsAg test respectively, by chemiluminescence immunoassay, 8 PTB and 4 EPTB and 47 non-TB patients were positive in C-reactive protein, 46 TB and 94 non-TB patients detected abnormal values out of these 160 patients in ESR test. CONCLUSION The Prevalence of tuberculosis is significantly rising, especially in the middle-aged population. The rapid molecular diagnostics to detect TB are highly sensitive and specific. Serological markers are essential for the analysis of disease prognosis and need to focus on the guidance of DOTS and RNTCP to End TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Sundaram
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattangulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Leela Kagithakara Vajravelu
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattangulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jayaprakash Thulukanam
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattangulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sujith Ravi
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattangulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
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Mahmoud M, Tan Y. New advances in the treatments of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:863-870. [PMID: 37477234 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2240022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TB is associated with high mortality and morbidity among infected individuals and a high transmission rate from person to person. Despite the availability of vaccines and several anti-TB,TB infection continues to increase. Global resistance to TB remains the greatest challenge. There has not been extensive research into a new treatment and management strategy for TB resistance therapy. This review is based on a review of new advances and alternative drugs in the treatment of drug-resistant TB. AREAS COVERED New drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis therapy involves a combination of the latest TB drugs, new anti-TB drugs based on medicinal plant extracts for drug-resistant TB, mycobacteriophage therapy, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and nanotechnology. EXPERT OPINION It is necessary to determine the function of individual gene alterations in drug-resistant TB. A combination of the most recent anti-TB drugs, such as bedaquiline and delamanid, is recommended. Longitudinal studies and animal model experiments with some medicinal plant extracts are required for better results. Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce drug side effects. Useful efficacy of phage therapy and CRISPR-cas9 technology as adjunct therapies for the management of drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Microbiology; China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology; China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Oyefabi AM, Tobin West CI, Ameh S, Jiya EN, Sadiq A, Dauda H, Onoh M. Predictors of mortality among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:825-831. [PMID: 37470659 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_734_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Specific death due to DR-TB has significantly contributed to tuberculosis (TB) mortality and overall global deaths. Aim This study examines the predictors of mortality among DR-TB patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Subject and Method This was a retrospective longitudinal study of DR-TB mortality carried out among 370 DR-TB patients from the 23 LGAs in Kaduna State. It involves a retrospective review of the MDR-TB records of the patients over a period of 10 years (2012-2021). Demographic and clinical data of all DR-TB patients enrolled in Kaduna State, Nigeria, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2021, were used. Survival analysis was performed with SPSS version 25, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling, at 5% significance level. Results The majority of the patients, 255 (68.9%), were below the age of 40 years, while 53 (14.3%) of the patients died within the study period. Most deaths 26 (49.1%) were associated with HIV co-infection and the disease severity. Results for the Cox proportional model show that there was a significantly lower risk of death when a patient had MDR-TB compared to pre-XDR-TB (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16-0.72, P = 0.04). Both models show that age, sex, residence, or year of treatment had no significant association with survival or death. Conclusion HIV co-infection and DRTB with progression to more resistant and difficult-to-treat strains contributed to higher deaths. There is a need for concerted efforts from all DR-TB stakeholders to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Oyefabi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - C I Tobin West
- College of Health Sciences and School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Minna, Nigeria
| | - S Ameh
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Minna, Nigeria
| | - E N Jiya
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Sadiq
- Tuberculosis Unit, Kaduna State Ministry of Health, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - H Dauda
- World Health Organization, Niger State Field Office, Minna, Nigeria
| | - M Onoh
- Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Cluster, World Health Organization, Nigeria
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Oderinlo OO, Jordaan A, Seldon R, Isaacs M, Hoppe HC, Warner DF, Tukulula M, Khanye SD. Hydrazone-Tethered 5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol Hybrids: Synthesis, Characterisation, in silico ADME Studies, and in vitro Antimycobacterial Evaluation and Cytotoxicity. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200572. [PMID: 36617507 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compounds containing arylpyrrole-, 1,2,4-triazole- and hydrazone structural frameworks have been widely studied and demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. Herein, an exploratory series of new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives designed by amalgamation of arylpyrrole and 1,2,4-triazole structural units via a hydrazone linkage is reported. The synthesised compounds were tested in vitro for their potential activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37 Rv strain. The most promising compound 13 - the derivative without the benzene ring appended to the pyrrole unit displayed acceptable activity (MIC90 =3.99 μM) against MTB H37 Rv, while other compounds from the series exhibited modest to weak antimycobacterial activity with MIC90 values in the range between 7.0 and >125 μM. Furthermore, in silico results, predicated using the SwissADME web tool, show that the prepared compounds display desirable ADME profile with parameters within acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogunyemi O Oderinlo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa, Nigeria
| | - Audrey Jordaan
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- SAMRC Drug Discovery and Development Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Digby F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Matshawandile Tukulula
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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Karaman O, Varol Y, Akarca T, Atasoy Ç, Biçmen C, Özbakır D, Dereli MŞ. Treatment Results of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in the Aegean Region. THORACIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 24:103-108. [PMID: 37503647 PMCID: PMC10652064 DOI: 10.5152/thoracrespract.2023.22087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate 109 rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients who are treated in Izmir Chest Diseases MDR Tuberculosis Centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patient profile, side effects, treatment success, and mortality of rifampicin-resistant or multidrugresistant tuberculosis patients who were followed up and treated in our hospital's tuberculosis service between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Of the rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients, 83 (76.1%) were male and the mean age was 46.3 ± 16.3 years. Of the cases 13 (11.9%) had rifampicin resistance without isoniazid. Since 5 out of 109 patients diagnosed with multidrugresistant tuberculosis emigrated to other countries, the treatment results of 104 patients were evaluated. As a result of the treatment, the cure was achieved in 81 (77.9%) patients and treatment was completed in 13 (12.5%). Treatment success was found as 90.4%. No patient experienced recurrence. The mortality rate was determined as 9.6%. The cure rate of patients treated with ≥6 drugs (90.9%) was statistically significantly (P = .029) higher than the group treated with ≤5 drugs (71.8%). CONCLUSIONS Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is a long-term, financially burdensome practice that may cause serious side effects and complications, and it requires strict discipline. The fight against tuberculosis can be successful with tuberculosis control programs that are pursued with determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Karaman
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yelda Varol
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tülay Akarca
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Atasoy
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Can Biçmen
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Diğdem Özbakır
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şevket Dereli
- Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Aguilar-Pineda JA, Febres-Molina C, Cordova-Barrios CC, Campos-Olazával LM, Del-Carpio-Martinez BA, Ayqui-Cueva F, Gamero-Begazo PL, Gómez B. Study of the Rv1417 and Rv2617c Membrane Proteins and Their Interactions with Nicotine Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Erp Virulence-Associated Factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An In Silico Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020248. [PMID: 36830617 PMCID: PMC9953637 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains resistant to traditional anti-tuberculosis drugs has alarmed health services worldwide. The search for new therapeutic targets and effective drugs that counteract the virulence and multiplication of Mtb represents a challenge for the scientific community. Several studies have considered the erp gene a possible therapeutic target in the last two decades, since its disruption negatively impacts Mtb multiplication. This gene encodes the exported repetitive protein (Erp), which is located in the cell wall of Mtb. In vitro studies have shown that the Erp protein interacts with two putative membrane proteins, Rv1417 and Rv2617c, and the impairment of their interactions can decrease Mtb replication. In this study, we present five nicotine analogs that can inhibit the formation of heterodimers and trimers between these proteins. Through DFT calculations, molecular dynamics, docking, and other advanced in silico techniques, we have analyzed the molecular complexes, and show the effect these compounds have on protein interactions. The results show that four of these analogs can be possible candidates to counteract the pathogenicity of Mtb. This study aims to combine research on the Erp protein as a therapeutic target in the search for new drugs that serve to create new therapies against tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Aguilar-Pineda
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Camilo Febres-Molina
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 8370134, Chile
| | - Cinthia C. Cordova-Barrios
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Lizbeth M. Campos-Olazával
- Facultad de Arquitectura e Ingeniería Civil y del Ambiente, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Bruno A. Del-Carpio-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Flor Ayqui-Cueva
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Pamela L. Gamero-Begazo
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 8370134, Chile
| | - Badhin Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-982895967
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12
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A New Benzothiazolthiazolidine Derivative, 11726172, Is Active In Vitro, In Vivo, and against Nonreplicating Cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere 2022; 7:e0036922. [PMID: 36377880 PMCID: PMC9769805 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00369-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still poses a global menace as one of the deadliest infectious diseases. A quarter of the human population is indeed latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with latent infection have a 5 to 10% lifetime risk of becoming ill with TB, representing a reservoir for TB active infection. This is a worrisome problem to overcome in the case of relapse; unfortunately, few drugs are effective against nonreplicating M. tuberculosis cells. Novel strategies to combat TB, including its latent form, are urgently needed. In response to the lack of new effective drugs and after screening about 500 original chemical molecules, we selected a compound, 11726172, that is endowed with potent antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo and importantly also against dormant nonculturable bacilli. We also investigated the mechanism of action of 11726172 by applying a multidisciplinary approach, including transcriptomic, labeled metabolomic, biochemical, and microbiological procedures. Our results represent an important step forward in the development of a new antitubercular compound with a novel mechanism of action active against latent bacilli. IMPORTANCE The discontinuation of TB services due to COVID-19 causes concern about a future resurgence of TB, also considering that latent infection affects a high number of people worldwide. To combat this situation, the identification of antitubercular compounds targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis through novel mechanisms of action is necessary. These compounds should be active against not only replicating bacteria cells but also nonreplicating cells to limit the reservoir of latently infected people on which the bacterium can rely to spread after reactivation.
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13
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A Hydrazine-Hydrazone Adamantine Compound Shows Antimycobacterial Activity and Is a Probable Inhibitor of MmpL3. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207130. [PMID: 36296721 PMCID: PMC9610904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Notably, an important number of multi drug resistant cases is an increasing concern. This problem points to an urgent need for novel compounds with antimycobacterial properties and to improve existing therapies. Whole-cell-based screening for compounds with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in the presence of linezolid was performed in this study. A set of 15 bioactive compounds with antimycobacterial activity in vitro were identified with a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 2 µg/mL. Among them, compound 1 is a small molecule with a chemical structure consisting of an adamantane moiety and a hydrazide–hydrazone moiety. Whole genome sequencing of spontaneous mutants resistant to the compounds suggested compound 1 to be a new inhibitor of MmpL3. This compound binds to the same pocket as other already published MmpL3 inhibitors, without disturbing the proton motive force of M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis. Compound 1 showed a strong activity against a panel ofclinical strains of M. tuberculosis in vitro. This compound showed no toxicity against mammalian cells and protected Galleria mellonella larvae against M. bovis BCG infection. These results suggest that compound 1 is a promising anti-TB agent with the potential to improve TB treatment in combination with standard TB therapies.
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14
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Craggs PD, de Carvalho LPS. Bottlenecks and opportunities in antibiotic discovery against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 69:102191. [PMID: 35970040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a major global health issue and a leading cause of death by a single infectious agent. The global burden of TB is further exacerbated by the continuing emergence and dissemination of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple antibiotics. The need for novel drugs that can be used to shorten the course for current TB drug regimens as well as combat the persistent threat of antibiotic resistance has never been greater. There have been significant advances in the discovery of de novo TB treatments, with the first TB-specific drugs in 45 years approved for use. However, there are still issues that restrict the pipeline of new antitubercular chemotherapies. The rate of failure of TB drug candidates in clinical trials remains high, while the validation of new TB drug targets and subsequent identification of novel inhibitors remains modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Craggs
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; GSK-Francis Crick Institute Linklabs, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Pedro S de Carvalho
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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15
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Fernandes GFS, Thompson AM, Castagnolo D, Denny WA, Dos Santos JL. Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7489-7531. [PMID: 35612311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has claimed more lives than any other infectious disease. In 2020 alone, TB was responsible for 1.5 million deaths worldwide, comparable to the 1.8 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that new TB drugs must be developed to end this pandemic. After decades of neglect in this field, a renaissance era of TB drug discovery has arrived, in which many novel candidates have entered clinical trials. However, while hundreds of molecules are reported annually as promising anti-TB agents, very few successfully progress to clinical development. In this Perspective, we critically review those anti-TB compounds published in the last 6 years that demonstrate good in vivo efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, we highlight the main challenges and strategies for developing new TB drugs and the current global pipeline of drug candidates in clinical studies to foment fresh research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F S Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jean L Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
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16
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Lee S, Kim MJ, Lee SH, Kim HY, Kim HS, Oh IH. Comparison of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Economic Burden on People With Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Korea. Front Public Health 2022; 10:848370. [PMID: 35480575 PMCID: PMC9037376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.848370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the future, tuberculosis (TB) will place a heavy burden on the aging population in Korea. To prepare for this crisis, it is important to analyze the disease burden trend of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Measuring disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and economic burden on MDR-TB patients can help reduce the incidence of TB. Accordingly, in this study, we measured the DALYs and economic burden on DS-TB and MDR-TB patients in 2014-2017 using a combination of National Health Insurance claims data, Annual Report on the Notified TB data, and Statistics Korea's mortality data. The incidence-based DALY approach implemented involved the summation of years of life lost and years lived with disability. For measuring economic burden, direct and indirect costs incurred by patients were totaled. From 2014 to 2017, DALYs per 100,000 people with DS-TB were 56, 49, 46, and 40, respectively, and DALYs per 100,000 people with MDR-TB were 3, 2, 2, and 2, respectively. The economic burden for the DS-TB population from 2014 to 2017 was $143.89 million, $136.36 million, $122.85 million, and $116.62 million, respectively, while that for MDR-TB was $413.44 million, $380.25 million, $376.46 million and $408.14 million, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in DALYs and economic burden for DS-TB, whereas MDR-TB was still found to be burdensome without a specific trend. With respect to age, the economic burden for both DS-TB and MDR-TB was higher among men than among women till ≤ 79 years. Conversely, the economic burden for women aged ≥80 years was higher as compared to their male counterparts. In conclusion, the incidence and spread of TB in all areas of society must be suppressed through intensive management of MDR-TB in the older population. We hope that the national TB management project will proceed efficiently when the infectious disease management system is biased to one side due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungCheor Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Health Policy Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Medicine (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Evangelopoulos D, Shoen CM, Honeyborne I, Clark S, Williams A, Mukamolova GV, Cynamon MH, McHugh TD. Culture-Free Enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mouse Tissues Using the Molecular Bacterial Load Assay for Preclinical Drug Development. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020460. [PMID: 35208914 PMCID: PMC8876813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The turnaround times for phenotypic tests used to monitor the bacterial load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in both clinical and preclinical studies, are delayed by the organism’s slow growth in culture media. The existence of differentially culturable populations of M.tuberculosis may result in an underestimate of the true number. Moreover, culture methods are susceptible to contamination resulting in loss of critical data points. Objectives: We report the adaptation of our robust, culture-free assay utilising 16S ribosomal RNA, developed for sputum, to enumerate the number of bacteria present in animal tissues as a tool to improve the read-outs in preclinical drug efficacy studies. Methods: Initial assay adaptation was performed using naïve mouse lungs spiked with known quantities of M. tuberculosis and an internal RNA control. Tissues were homogenised, total RNA extracted, and enumeration performed using RT-qPCR. We then evaluated the utility of the assay, in comparison to bacterial counts estimated using growth assays on solid and liquid media, to accurately inform bacterial load in tissues from M. tuberculosis-infected mice before and during treatment with a panel of drug combinations. Results: When tested on lung tissues derived from infected mice, the MBL assay produced comparable results to the bacterial counts in solid culture (colony forming units: CFU). Notably, under specific drug treatments, the MBL assay was able to detect a significantly higher number of M. tuberculosis compared to CFU, likely indicating the presence of bacteria that were unable to produce colonies in solid-based culture. Additionally, growth recovery in liquid media using the most probable number (MPN) assay was able to account for the discrepancy between the MBL assay and CFU number, suggesting that the MBL assay detects differentially culturable sub-populations of M. tuberculosis. Conclusions: The MBL assay can enumerate the bacterial load in animal tissues in real time without the need to wait for extended periods for cultures to grow. The readout correlates well with CFUs. Importantly, we have shown that the MBL is able to measure specific populations of bacteria not cultured on solid agar. The adaptation of this assay for preclinical studies has the potential to decrease the readout time of data acquisition from animal experiments and could represent a valuable tool for tuberculosis drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Evangelopoulos
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (I.H.); (T.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolyn M. Shoen
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (C.M.S.); (M.H.C.)
- Veterans Health Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Isobella Honeyborne
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (I.H.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Simon Clark
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, UK; (S.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Ann Williams
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, UK; (S.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Galina V. Mukamolova
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Michael H. Cynamon
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (C.M.S.); (M.H.C.)
- Veterans Health Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Timothy D. McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (I.H.); (T.D.M.)
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18
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Allué-Guardia A, Garcia-Vilanova A, Olmo-Fontánez AM, Peters J, Maselli DJ, Wang Y, Turner J, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB. Host- and Age-Dependent Transcriptional Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Envelope Biosynthesis Genes after Exposure to Human Alveolar Lining Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020983. [PMID: 35055170 PMCID: PMC8780516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection, caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), resulted in almost 1.4 million deaths in 2019, and the number of deaths is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon reaching the alveolar space, M.tb comes into close contact with the lung mucosa before and after its encounter with host alveolar compartment cells. Our previous studies show that homeostatic, innate soluble components of the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) can quickly alter the cell envelope surface of M.tb upon contact, defining subsequent M.tb-host cell interactions and infection outcomes in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that ALF from 60+ year old elders (E-ALF) vs. healthy 18- to 45-year-old adults (A-ALF) is dysfunctional, with loss of homeostatic capacity and impaired innate soluble responses linked to high local oxidative stress. In this study, a targeted transcriptional assay shows that M.tb exposure to human ALF alters the expression of its cell envelope genes. Specifically, our results indicate that A-ALF-exposed M.tb upregulates cell envelope genes associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes associated with redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulators. Conversely, M.tb exposure to E-ALF shows a lesser transcriptional response, with most of the M.tb genes unchanged or downregulated. Overall, this study indicates that M.tb responds and adapts to the lung alveolar environment upon contact, and that the host ALF status, determined by factors such as age, might play an important role in determining infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.-G.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
| | - Angélica M. Olmo-Fontánez
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jay Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.P.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Diego J. Maselli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.P.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (J.T.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (J.T.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.-G.); (J.B.T.)
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19
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Cardenas-Escalante J, Fernandez-Saucedo J, Cubas WS. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis in Peru: Are we forgetting anyone? ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:46-47. [PMID: 34764064 PMCID: PMC8542437 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Drug Discovery for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Structure-Based Computer-Aided Drug Design Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413259. [PMID: 34948055 PMCID: PMC8703488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new, more effective antibiotics against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis that inhibit its essential proteins is an appealing strategy for combating the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Finding a compound that can target a particular cavity in a protein and interrupt its enzymatic activity is the crucial objective of drug design and discovery. Such a compound is then subjected to different tests, including clinical trials, to study its effectiveness against the pathogen in the host. In recent times, new techniques, which involve computational and analytical methods, enhanced the chances of drug development, as opposed to traditional drug design methods, which are laborious and time-consuming. The computational techniques in drug design have been improved with a new generation of software used to develop and optimize active compounds that can be used in future chemotherapeutic development to combat global tuberculosis resistance. This review provides an overview of the evolution of tuberculosis resistance, existing drug management, and the design of new anti-tuberculosis drugs developed based on the contributions of computational techniques. Also, we show an appraisal of available software and databases on computational drug design with an insight into the application of this software and databases in the development of anti-tubercular drugs. The review features a perspective involving machine learning, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and CRISPR combination with available computational techniques as a prospective pathway to design new anti-tubercular drugs to combat resistant tuberculosis.
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21
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Grosu-Creangă IA, Trofor AC, Crișan-Dabija RA, Robu-Popa D, Ghiciuc CM, Lupușoru EC. Adverse effects induced by second-line antituberculosis drugs: an update based on last WHO treatment recommendations for drug-resistant tuberculosis. PNEUMOLOGIA 2021; 70:117-126. [DOI: 10.2478/pneum-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), a common condition worldwide, is still among the main infectious diseases with high mortality rates, both in adults and infants. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) drugs, revised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, are a prolonged and complex therapy associated with many adverse drug effects (ADEs).
Aim: To systematically review the ADEs of second-line anti-TB drugs reported in multicentric studies published after the latest WHO guidelines, compared with those from clinical trials published before 2018.
Material and methods: A PubMed search, using keywords (TB OR DR-TB) AND (adverse effects) AND “second-line anti-TB drugs”, resulted in 56 studies. Only two studies, published after the last update of WHO guidelines in 2018, reported ADEs.
Results: A total of 223 participants were included in the two selected studies. The use of multidrug regimens has been associated with an increased incidence of ADEs: 42 ADEs were recorded in 30 patients (26.3%) in the first study, while all patients had at least one ADE that occurred or worsened during treatment; and 19 (17%) had severe ADEs in the second study. However, both studies had a good favourable outcome rate (90% and 79.8%, respectively). Gastrointestinal disturbances, hepatotoxicity, headache and dizziness are the most common ADEs induced by a majority of second-line DR-TB treatments. A special attention should be given in the case of association of drugs determining QT interval (QT) prolongation on electrocardiogram, or psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions: Proper strategies about ADE management have to be planned for timely detection of the possible ADEs that can be induced by second-line anti-TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela-Alina Grosu-Creangă
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Antigona Carmen Trofor
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Radu Adrian Crișan-Dabija
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Daniela Robu-Popa
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II – Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
| | - Elena Cătălina Lupușoru
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II – Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
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22
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Allué-Guardia A, Garcia-Vilanova A, M Olmo-Fontánez A, Peters J, Maselli DJ, Wang Y, Turner J, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB. Host- and age-dependent transcriptional changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope biosynthesis genes after exposure to human alveolar lining fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34580670 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.08.459334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection, caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ), resulted in almost 1.4 million deaths in 2019 and the number of deaths is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon reaching the alveolar space, M . tb comes in close contact with the lung mucosa before and after its encounter with host alveolar compartment cells. Our previous studies show that homeostatic innate soluble components of the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) can quickly alter the cell envelope surface of M . tb upon contact, defining subsequent M . tb -host cell interactions and infection outcomes in vitro and in vivo . We also demonstrated that ALF from 60+ year old elders (E-ALF) vs . healthy 18- to 45-year-old adults (A-ALF) is dysfunctional with loss of homeostatic capacity and impaired innate soluble responses linked to high local oxidative stress. In this study, a targeted transcriptional assay demonstrates that M . tb exposure to human ALF alters the expression of its cell envelope genes. Specifically, our results indicate that A-ALF-exposed M . tb upregulates cell envelope genes associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes associated with redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulators. Conversely, M . tb exposure to E-ALF shows lesser transcriptional response, with most of the M . tb genes unchanged or downregulated. Overall, this study indicates that M . tb responds and adapts to the lung alveolar environment upon contact, and that the host ALF status determined by factors such as age might play an important role in determining infection outcome.
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23
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[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis in Peru: Are we forgetting anyone?]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 40:46-47. [PMID: 34456408 PMCID: PMC8380482 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Parums DV. Editorial: Updates from the World Health Organization (WHO) on Global Treatment Recommendations for Drug-Susceptible and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e934292. [PMID: 34366429 PMCID: PMC8362336 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2019, 10.0 million people worldwide developed tuberculosis (TB), with 1.4 million deaths from TB in that year. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin and an additional chemotherapeutic agent is known as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Until recently, the prevalence of drug resistance in patients with TB has been poorly understood due to a lack of infection surveillance and molecular testing. Countries with the highest prevalence of TB, including MDR TB, are also those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of MDR TB requires careful monitoring and resources for molecular testing. Previous treatment regimens have required intravenous treatments of long duration and high cost. The 2020 and 2021 recommendations from the WHO for the management of drug-susceptible TB and MDR TB have included oral treatment regimens and reduced treatment duration. This Editorial aims to present the rationale for the 2020 and 2021 recommendations from the WHO for the management of drug-susceptible TB and MDR TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah V Parums
- Science Editor, Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA
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Avsar K. Tuberkulose - Wann daran denken, wie diagnostizieren? CME (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 18:9-19. [PMID: 34127916 PMCID: PMC8190733 DOI: 10.1007/s11298-021-2038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Obwohl die Tuberkulose mithilfe von Antibiotika gut heilbar ist und die Zahlen in Deutschland wieder stetig rückläufig sind, stirbt rechnerisch alle 22 Sekunden auf der Welt ein Mensch an Tuberkulose, 95% davon in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Die WHO hat in ihrer End-Tuberkulose-Strategie das Ziel formuliert, im Vergleich zu 2015 die Zahl der Tuberkuloseerkrankungen pro 100.000 Einwohner bis 2035 weltweit um 90% und die Zahl der Todesfälle um 95% zu senken. Die Coronakrise hat hier zu großen Rückschritten geführt, fast zwei Drittel der Tuberkuloseprogramme weltweit sind unterbrochen worden. Damit ist in vielen Teilen der Welt die Erreichung dieser Ziele gefährdet und es wird sogar mit zunehmenden Fallzahlen in den nächsten Jahren gerechnet. Aber gerade die Tatsache, dass die Erkrankung bei uns seltener wird führt zu einer Zunahme der Dauer vom ersten Symptom bis zur Tuberkulosediagnose. Der vorliegende Artikel soll Ihnen eine Hilfestellung geben, wann die Tuberkulose in die Differenzialdiagnostik einzubeziehen ist und wie das Krankheitsbild diagnostiziert werden kann. Die Therapie, ihre häufigsten Nebenwirkungen und die Problematik resistenter Tuberkuloseformen werden ebenfalls kurz dargestellt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korkut Avsar
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
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Zumla A, Chakaya J, Khan M, Fatima R, Wejse C, Al-Abri S, Fox GJ, Nachega J, Kapata N, Knipper M, Orcutt M, Goscé L, Abubakar I, Nagu TJ, Mugusi F, Gordon AK, Shanmugam S, Bachmann NL, Lam C, Sintchenko V, Rudolf F, Amanullah F, Kock R, Haider N, Lipman M, King M, Maeurer M, Goletti D, Petrone L, Yaqoob A, Tiberi S, Ditiu L, Sahu S, Marais B, Issayeva AM, Petersen E. World Tuberculosis Day 2021 Theme - 'The Clock is Ticking' - and the world is running out of time to deliver the United Nations General Assembly commitments to End TB due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113 Suppl 1:S1-S6. [PMID: 33746094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremiah Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics and Dermatology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Mishal Khan
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Razia Fatima
- National TB Control Program, Islamabad, Common Unit (HIV, TB, Malaria), Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Oman.
| | - Greg J Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jean Nachega
- Department of Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Ministry of Health, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Michael Knipper
- Institute for the History of Medicine, University Justus Liebig Giessen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Orcutt
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lara Goscé
- University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tumaini Joseph Nagu
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ferdinand Mugusi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Alice Kizny Gordon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nathan Lloyd Bachmann
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Connie Lam
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity and Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frauke Rudolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
| | | | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Najmul Haider
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Lipman
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael King
- NTM Patient Care UK, The Grove Centre London, United Kingdom.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aashifa Yaqoob
- Common Management Unit (TB, HIV & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Ben Marais
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | - Eskild Petersen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark; European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA.
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