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Chavda V, Dodiya P, Apostolopoulos V. Adverse drug reactions associated with COVID-19 management. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03137-0. [PMID: 38743117 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which causes COVID-19, had a devastating impact on both people's lives and the global economy. During the course of the pandemic, the lack of specific drugs or treatments tailored for COVID-19 led to extensive repurposing of existing drugs in the pursuit of effective treatments. Some drug molecules demonstrated efficacy, while others proved ineffective. In this context, the approach of drug repurposing emerged as a novel strategy for combating COVID-19. Repurposed drugs and biologics have shown effectiveness, leading to improved clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Similarly, It is equally important to assess the risk-benefit ratio associated with drugs and biologics adapted for COVID-19 treatment. Herein, we primarily focus on evaluating adverse drug events linked to repurposed COVID-19 medications, repurposed biologics, and COVID-specific drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Payal Dodiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Rizka Nurcahyaningtyas H, Irene A, Tri Wibowo J, Yunovilsa Putra M, Yanuar A. Identification of potential Indonesian marine invertebrate bioactive compounds as TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein inhibitors through computational screening. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:104984. [PMID: 37234226 PMCID: PMC10186851 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic led to the announcement of a worldwide health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which swiftly spread worldwide, has fueled existing challenges. Appropriate medication is necessary to avoid severe SARS-CoV-2 disease. The human TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein, which are required for viral entry into the host phase, were identified as the target proteins through computational screening. Structure-based virtual screening; molecular docking; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis; and molecular dynamics simulation were the methods applied for TMPRSS2 and spike protein inhibitors. Bioactive marine invertebrates from Indonesia were employed as test ligands. Camostat and nafamostat (co-crystal) were utilized as reference ligands against TMPRSS2, whereas mefloquine was used as a reference ligand against spike protein. Following a molecular docking and dynamics simulation, we found that acanthomanzamine C has remarkable effectiveness against TMPRSS2 and spike protein. Compared to camostat (-8.25 kcal/mol), nafamostat (-6.52 kcal/mol), and mefloquine (-6.34 kcal/mol), acanthomanzamine C binds to TMPRSS2 and spike protein with binding energies of -9.75 kcal/mol and -9.19 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, slight variances in the MD simulation demonstrated consistent binding to TMPRSS2 and spike protein after the initial 50 ns. These results are highly valuable in the search for a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfrina Irene
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Joko Tri Wibowo
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Arry Yanuar
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Herman B, Wong MCS, Viwattanakulvanid P. Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271385. [PMID: 35862378 PMCID: PMC9302723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-COVID symptoms are the new concern in the COVID-19 pandemic, where recovered patients experience residual symptoms affecting their quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of complete vaccination, prescribed medication, and micronutrients during COVID episodes in the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms. Method A longitudinal evaluation of Indonesia’s recovered COVID-19 patients was performed using the data collected from July 2021 and extracted in mid-February 2022. All participants were confirmed with a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR) and/or antigen test. This study collected demography and comorbidities information, symptoms and treatment of COVID-19, and collection of self-reported post-COVID symptoms every 30 days within 90 days after diagnosis/onset. Exposures of interest include vaccination status, Favipiravir administration, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the longitudinal effect of exposures, presented with adjusted odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 923 participants (18.2% fully-vaccinated) were involved in the study, with 79.7% being non-hospitalized. Only 25.7% did not develop any residual symptoms within 90 days. Fatigue was the most reported post-COVID symptom in each measurement time (39.5%, 16.3%, and 7.3%). Full-vaccination was effective against chronic cough (aOR 0.527, 95% CI 0.286–0.971), chronic headache (aOR 0.317, 95% CI 0.163–0.616), and chronic arthritis (aOR 0.285, 95% CI 0.116–0.703). The combination of micronutrient supplementations and Favipiravir gave no significant effect on all post-COVID symptoms. However, early initiation of Favipiravir and delaying vitamin D administration were associated with arthritis. Conclusion Full vaccination of COVID-19 prevents the disease and the development of residual symptoms when infected with SARS-COV-2. Hence, it is crucial to reconsider the prescription of micronutrient supplementation or adjust the dose of Favipiravir in the current guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumi Herman
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Clinical Epidemiology, Research Development & Publication, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Martin Chi-sang Wong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care (JCSPHPC) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The School of Public Health, The Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hung DT, Ghula S, Aziz JMA, Makram AM, Tawfik GM, Abozaid AAF, Pancharatnam RA, Ibrahim AM, Shabouk MB, Turnage M, Nakhare S, Karmally Z, Kouz B, Le TN, Alhijazeen S, Phuong NQ, Ads AM, Abdelaal AH, Nam NH, Iiyama T, Kita K, Hirayama K, Huy NT. The efficacy and adverse effects of favipiravir on patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials and observational studies. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:217-227. [PMID: 35470021 PMCID: PMC9023375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19. Methods Our protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020206305). Fourteen databases were searched until February 8th, 2021. An update search for new RCTs was done on March 2nd, 2022. Meta-analysis was done for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Results Overall, 157 studies (24 RCTs, 1 non-RCT, 21 observational studies, 2 case series, and 106 case reports) were included. On hospitalized patients, in comparison to standard of care, favipiravir showed a higher rate of viral clearance at day 5 (RR = 1.60, p = 0.02), defervescence at day 3–4 (RR = 1.99, p <0.01), chest radiological improvement (RR = 1.33, p <0.01), hospital discharge at day 10–11 (RR = 1.19, p <0.01), and shorter clinical improvement time (MD = –1.18, p = 0.05). Regarding adverse events, favipiravir groups had higher rates of hyperuricemia (RR = 9.42, p <0.01), increased alanine aminotransferase (RR = 1.35, p <0.01) but lower rates of nausea (RR = 0.42, p <0.01) and vomiting (R R= 0.19, p=0.02). There were no differences regarding mortality (RR=1.19, p=0.32), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (RR = 1.11, p = 0.25). On nonhospitalized patients, no significant differences were reported. Conclusions Adding favipiravir to the standard of care provides better outcomes for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Pregnant, lactating women, and patients with a history of hyperuricemia should avoid using favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang The Hung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Suhaib Ghula
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Iraq; Baxshin Research centre, Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Mohamed Tawfik
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali Ahmed-Fouad Abozaid
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rohan Andrew Pancharatnam
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Besher Shabouk
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Morgan Turnage
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, Pennsylvania, USA; American University of the Caribbean, School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten.
| | - Saloni Nakhare
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Zahra Karmally
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Basel Kouz
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Damascus Governorate, Syria.
| | - Tran Nhat Le
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.
| | - Suleiman Alhijazeen
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Graduate of Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
| | - Nguyen Quoc Phuong
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
| | - Alaa Mohamed Ads
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ali Hussein Abdelaal
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Harvard Medical School, Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
| | - Tatsuo Iiyama
- Department of International Trials, Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoshi Kita
- Department of International Trials, Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Chandra A, Johri A. A Peek into Pandora’s Box: COVID-19 and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020190. [PMID: 35203953 PMCID: PMC8870638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since it was first reported in Wuhan, China, the coronavirus-induced disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has become an enigma of sorts with ever expanding reports of direct and indirect effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on almost all the vital organ systems. Along with inciting acute pulmonary complications, the virus attacks the cardiac, renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal systems as well as the central nervous system (CNS). The person-to-person variability in susceptibility of individuals to disease severity still remains a puzzle, although the comorbidities and the age/gender of a person are believed to play a key role. SARS-CoV-2 needs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for its infectivity, and the association between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 leads to a decline in ACE2 activity and its neuroprotective effects. Acute respiratory distress may also induce hypoxia, leading to increased oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Infection of the neurons along with peripheral leukocytes’ activation results in proinflammatory cytokine release, rendering the brain more susceptible to neurodegenerative changes. Due to the advancement in molecular biology techniques and vaccine development programs, the world now has hope to relatively quickly study and combat the deadly virus. On the other side, however, the virus seems to be still evolving with new variants being discovered periodically. In keeping up with the pace of this virus, there has been an avalanche of studies. This review provides an update on the recent progress in adjudicating the CNS-related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential to incite or accelerate neurodegeneration in surviving patients. Current as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and biomarker development are highlighted.
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