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Perry RW, Mullish BH, Alexander JL, Shah R, Danckert NP, Blanco JM, Roberts L, Liu Z, Chrysostomou D, Radhakrishnan ST, Balarajah S, Barry R, Hicks LC, Williams HRT, Marchesi JR. 3D printed rectal swabs for assessing the gut microbiome, metabolome and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16613. [PMID: 39026025 PMCID: PMC11258137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the gut microbiome and metabolome frequently requires faecal samples, which can be difficult to obtain. Previous studies have shown that rectal swabs are comparable to faecal samples for analysing gut microbiota composition and key metabolites. In this study, 3D printed rectal swabs were compared with conventional flocked swabs and faecal samples, due to the potential advantages 3D printing as a technique offers for swab production and development. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR and metabolite profiling (using 1H-NMR spectroscopy) were performed on swab and faecal samples from healthy participants. Faecal calprotectin and total protein analysis were performed on samples from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. There were no significant differences between both swab types and faecal samples when assessing key measures of alpha and beta diversity, and differences in the abundance of major phyla. There was a strong correlation between both swab types and faecal samples for all combined metabolites detected by NMR. In IBD patients, there was no significant difference in faecal calprotectin and total protein levels between both swab types and faecal samples. These data lead us to conclude that 3D printed swabs are equivalent to flocked swabs for the analysis of the gut microbiome, metabolome and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Perry
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James L Alexander
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Marks Hospital, London, UK
| | - Raashi Shah
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan P Danckert
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lauren Roberts
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Despoina Chrysostomou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shiva T Radhakrishnan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Marks Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sharmili Balarajah
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachael Barry
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy C Hicks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Horace R T Williams
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Babakhanlou R, Ravandi-Kashani F, Hita AG, Kontoyiannis DP. Anorectal Infections in Neutropenic Leukemia Patients: A Common Clinical Challenge. J Hematol 2024; 13:1-11. [PMID: 38644983 PMCID: PMC11027774 DOI: 10.14740/jh1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorectal infections in neutropenic leukemia patients are a significant and potentially life-threatening complication. The pathogenesis of this condition is not entirely understood and believed to be multifactorial, including mucosal injury as a result of cytotoxic drugs, profound neutropenia and impaired host defense. Establishing an early diagnosis is key and often made clinically on the basis of signs and symptoms, but also from imaging studies demonstrating perianal inflammation or fluid collection. The management of anorectal infections in neutropenic leukemia patients is not straightforward, as there are no well-conducted studies on this entity. This review seeks to provide a framework into the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of anorectal infections in neutropenic leukemia patients, propose a diagnostic approach and to discuss controversies in the management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrick Babakhanlou
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angel G. Hita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vega-Abellaneda S, Dopazo C, Yañez F, Soler Z, Xie Z, Canalda-Baltrons A, Pons-Tarín M, Bilbao I, Manichanh C. Microbiome composition recovery after liver transplantation correlates with initial liver disease severity and antibiotics treatment. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00248-X. [PMID: 38556088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is crucial for end-stage liver disease, but it is linked to infection risks. Pathobionts, microorganisms potentially harmful under specific conditions, can cause complications posttransplant. Monitoring such pathogens in fecal samples can be challenging and therefore remains underexplored post-LT. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiome before and after LT, tracking pathobionts and correlating clinical data. The study involved 17 liver transplant recipients, 17 healthy relatives (spouses), and 13 donors. Gut samples collected pretranplantation and posttransplantation underwent bacterial and fungal profiling through DNA sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess microbial load. Statistical analyses included alpha and beta diversity measures, differential abundance analysis, and correlation tests between microbiome and clinical parameters. Microbiome analysis revealed dynamic changes in diversity posttransplant. Notably, high-severity patients showed persistent and greater dysbiosis during the first months post-LT compared with low-severity patients, partly due to an antibiotic treatment pre-LT. The analysis identified a higher proportion of pathogens such as Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri in high-severity cases posttransplant. Furthermore, butyrate producers including Roseburia intestinalis, Anaerostipes hadrus, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes were positively correlated with levels of albumin. This study offers valuable insights into post-LT microbiome changes, shedding light on the need for tailored prophylactic treatment post-LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vega-Abellaneda
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Dopazo
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Yañez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Soler
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Canalda-Baltrons
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Pons-Tarín
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxarone Bilbao
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Misra A, Powell EA. Preanalytical Challenges of Molecular Microbiology Tests. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:33-43. [PMID: 38280796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
As infectious disease diagnostics increasingly incorporates molecular techniques, there are unique preanalytical concerns that must be considered. First, noninvasive specimen types that may be inadequate for culture-based diagnostics may be acceptable when using molecular tests. Second, specimen containers must be evaluated for the presence of substances that may interfere with amplification or sequencing reactions. Finally, the capacity of transport, storage, and processing conditions to maintain nucleic acid integrity and avoid contamination must be assessed. This review explores these issues and the effects they may have on result quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Misra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, 10300 Carnegie Avenue LL-1, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eleanor A Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3188 Bellevue Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
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Pernigoni N, Guo C, Gallagher L, Yuan W, Colucci M, Troiani M, Liu L, Maraccani L, Guccini I, Migliorini D, de Bono J, Alimonti A. The potential role of the microbiota in prostate cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:706-718. [PMID: 37491512 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The human body hosts a complex and dynamic population of trillions of microorganisms - the microbiota - which influences the body in homeostasis and disease, including cancer. Several epidemiological studies have associated specific urinary and gut microbial species with increased risk of prostate cancer; however, causal mechanistic data remain elusive. Studies have associated bacterial generation of genotoxins with the occurrence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions, a common, early oncogenic event during prostate carcinogenesis. A subsequent study demonstrated the role of the gut microbiota in prostate cancer endocrine resistance, which occurs, at least partially, through the generation of androgenic steroids fuelling oncogenic signalling via the androgen receptor. These studies present mechanistic evidence of how the host microbiota might be implicated in prostate carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Importantly, these findings also reveal potential avenues for the detection and treatment of prostate cancer through the profiling and modulation of the host microbiota. The latter could involve approaches such as the use of faecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics or antibiotics, which can be used independently or combined with existing treatments to reverse therapeutic resistance and improve clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Pernigoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christina Guo
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manuel Colucci
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Maraccani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne and Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johann de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Li JG, Gao LL, Wang CC, Tu JM, Chen WH, Wu XL, Wu JX. Colonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria increases risk of surgical site infection after hemorrhoidectomy: a cross-sectional study of two centers in southern China. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:243. [PMID: 37779168 PMCID: PMC10543959 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to determine the rectoanal colonization rate and risk factors for the colonization of present multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRBs). In addition, the relationship between MDRB colonization and surgical site infection (SSI) following hemorrhoidectomy was explored. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of two hospitals. Patients with hemorrhoid disease, who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, were included. The pre-surgical screening of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) colonization was performed using rectal swabs on the day of admission. Then, the MDRB colonization rate was determined through the rectal swab. Logistic regression models were established to determine the risk factors for MDRB colonization and SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 432 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the MDRB colonization prevalence was 21.06% (91/432). The independent risk factors for MDRB colonization were as follows: patients who received ≥ 2 categories of antibiotic treatment within 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 3.714, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.436-9.605, p = 0.007), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; OR: 6.746, 95% CI: 2.361-19.608, p < 0.001), and patients with high serum uric acid (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001-1.010, p = 0.017). Furthermore, 41.57% (37/89) of MDRB carriers and 1.81% (6/332) of non-carriers developed SSIs, with a total incidence of 10.21% (43/421). Based on the multivariable model, the rectoanal colonization of MDRBs (OR: 32.087, 95% CI: 12.052-85.424, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin < 100 g/L (OR: 4.130, 95% CI: 1.556-10.960, p = 0.004) were independently associated with SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. CONCLUSION The rectoanal colonization rate of MDRBs in hemorrhoid patients is high, and this was identified as an independent risk factor for SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li-Lian Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cun-Chuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jia-Min Tu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Hui Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Xia Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Graspeuntner S, Lupatsii M, Dashdorj L, Rody A, Rupp J, Bossung V, Härtel C. First-Day-of-Life Rectal Swabs Fail To Represent Meconial Microbiota Composition and Underestimate the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0525422. [PMID: 37097170 PMCID: PMC10269712 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05254-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a vital role in health and disease. In particular, the first days of life provide a unique window of opportunity for development and establishment of microbial community. Currently, stool samples are known to be the most widely used sampling approach for studying the gut microbiome. However, complicated sample acquisition at certain time points, challenges in transportation, and patient discomfort underline the need for development of alternative sampling approaches. One of the alternatives is rectal swabs, shown to be a reliable proxy for gut microbiome analysis when obtained from adults. Here, we compare the usability of rectal swabs and meconium paired samples collected from infants on the first days of life. Our results indicate that the two sampling approaches display significantly distinct patterns in microbial composition and alpha and beta diversity as well as detection of resistance genes. Moreover, the dissimilarity between the two collection methods was greater than the interindividual variation. Therefore, we conclude that rectal swabs are not a reliable proxy compared to stool samples for gut microbiome analysis when collected on the first days of a newborn's life. IMPORTANCE Currently, there are numerous suggestions on how to ease the notoriously complex and error-prone methodological setups to study the gut microbiota of newborns during the first days of life. Especially, meconium samples are regularly failing to yield meaningful data output and therefore have been suggested to be replaced by rectal swabs as done in adults as well. We find this development toward a simplified method to be producing dramatically erroneous results, skewing data interpretation away from the real aspects to be considered for neonatal health during the first days of life. We have put together our knowledge on this critical aspect with careful consideration and identified the failure of rectal swabs to be a replacement for sampling of meconium in term-born newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M. Lupatsii
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - L. Dashdorj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. Rody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J. Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - V. Bossung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Härtel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mj O, Turner GA, A S, Frizelle FA, R P. Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:1591-1601. [PMID: 35950499 PMCID: PMC10087140 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis (AD) remains incompletely understood, despite it being one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the colonic microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD. METHOD A prospective case-control study was performed, comparing the microbiome of AD patients with that of controls, using 16S rRNA sequencing of rectal swab samples. RESULTS The microbiome of individuals with AD showed lower diversity than that of controls. There were significant compositional differences observed, with a lower abundance of commensal bacterial families and genera such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in AD patients compared with controls, and there was an increase in several genera with known pathogenic roles including Fusobacteria, Prevotella and Paraprevotella. CONCLUSION This is the largest study to date to examine the microbiota of AD patients, and adds evidence to the proposed hypothesis that alterations in the colonic microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'Grady Mj
- Whanganui Hospital, Wanganui, New Zealand
| | - Greg A Turner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sulit A
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank A Frizelle
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Purcell R
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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