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Coulibaly G, Georges Togo AC, Somboro AM, Kone M, Traore FG, Diallo F, Degoga B, Somboro A, Dramé HM, Sanogo M, Kodio O, Baya B, Tolofoudie M, Maiga A, Maiga M, Saliba-Shaw K, Diallo S, Doumbia S, Maiga II, Samaké F, Diarra B. Use of light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy to detect acid-fast bacilli in sputum as proficient alternative tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in countries with limited resource settings. Int J Mycobacteriol 2023; 12:144-150. [PMID: 37338475 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_13_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in the development of more sensitive technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), in resource-limited settings, the diagnosis continues to rely on sputum smear microscopy. This is because smear microscopy is simple, cost-efficient and the most accessible tool for the diagnosis of TB. Our study evaluated the performance of light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) using auramine/rhodamine (auramine) and the fluorescein di-acetate (FDA) vital stain in the diagnostic of pulmonary TB in Bamako, Mali. Methods Sputum smear microscopy was conducted using the FDA and auramine/rhodamine staining procedures on fresh samples using LED-FM to evaluate the Mycobacterium TB (MTB) metabolic activity and to predict contagiousness. Mycobacterial culture assay was utilized as a gold standard method. Results Out of 1401 TB suspected patients, 1354 (96.65%) were retrieved from database, which were MTB complex culture positive, and 47 (3.40%) were culture negative (no mycobacterial growth observed). Out of the 1354 included patients, 1343 (95.86%), were acid-fast bacillus (AFB) positive after direct FDA staining, 1352 (96.50%) AFB positive after direct Auramine, and 1354 (96.65%) AFB positive with indirect auramine after digestion and centrifugation. Overall, the FDA staining method has a sensitivity of 98.82%, while the sensitivity of Auramine with direct observation was 99.48%, and 99.56% with the indirect examination. Conclusion This study showed that, using fresh sputum both auramine/rhodamine and FDA are highly sensitive methods in diagnosing pulmonary TB and could be easily used in countries with limited resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagni Coulibaly
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Antièmé Combo Georges Togo
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Anou Moise Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahamadou Kone
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fah Gaoussou Traore
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fatimata Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boureima Degoga
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hawa M'baye Dramé
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moumine Sanogo
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Kodio
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bocar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mohamed Tolofoudie
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aminata Maiga
- Laboratory and Hospital Hygiene Services, University Teaching Hospital of Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Center for Innovation in Global Health Technology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katy Saliba-Shaw
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Souleymane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Fassé Samaké
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center-SEREFO Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Rajendran P, Murugesan B, Balaji S, Shanmugam S, Palanisamy S, Ramamoorthy T, Hasini S, Devaleenal B, Watson B. Standardization of a stool concentration method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in the pediatric population. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:371-377. [PMID: 36510920 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_126_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inability of young children to expectorate sputum and paucibacillary status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) increases its diagnostic complexity. In this study, we aimed to standardize a stool concentration method for the detection of MTB and its drug resistance by line probe assay (LPA). Methods The stool from 10 healthy children spiked with H37Rv in five different dilutions (1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10,000), and stool from 10 confirmed TB and 54 clinically diagnosed TB children were subjected to an in-house stool concentration protocol. All the processed filtrates were subjected to smear microscopy, solid culture, Xpert ultra testing, and LPA. Results Of 10 control samples, growth was seen in four samples (neat 1:1). In smear microscopy, bacilli could be seen in eight samples (1:1 and 1:10). Xpert ultra testing could detect MTB in eight samples in all dilutions with different loads. LPA could detect MTB in all samples and dilutions. In microbiologically confirmed children, seven out of 10 stool samples tested were positive. Out of 54 children with clinically diagnosed TB, 4 (7.4%) could be confirmed by microbiological diagnosis. Conclusion The protocol standardized in this study proves to be better working in the molecular detection of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rajendran
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaran Murugesan
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarath Balaji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Child Health, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraman Palanisamy
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumalani Ramamoorthy
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sindhu Hasini
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bella Devaleenal
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basilea Watson
- Department of Electronic Data Processing, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rojas-Ponce G, Sauvageau D, Zemp R, Barkema HW, Evoy S. Use of uncoated magnetic beads to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis prior detection by mycobacteriophage D29 and real-time-PCR. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 197:106490. [PMID: 35595085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uncoated tosyl-activated magnetic beads were evaluated to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from spiked feces, milk, and urine. Centrifugation and uncoated magnetic beads recovered more than 99% and 93%, respectively, of 1.68 × 107 CFU/mL, 1.68 × 106 CFU/mL and 1.68 × 105 CFU/mL M. smegmatis cells resuspended in phosphate buffer saline. The use of magnetic beads was more efficient to concentrate cells from 1.68 × 104 CFU/mL of M. smegmatis than centrifugation. Likewise, the F57-qPCR detection of MAP cells was different whether they were recovered by beads or centrifugation; cycle threshold (Ct) was lower (p < 0.05) for the detection of MAP cells recovered by beads than centrifugation, indicative of greater recovery. Magnetic separation of MAP cells from milk, urine, and feces specimens was demonstrated by detection of F57 and IS900 sequences. Beads captured no less than 109 CFU/mL from feces and no less than 104 CFU/mL from milk and urine suspensions. In another detection strategy, M. smegmatis coupled to magnetic beads were infected by mycobacteriophage D29. Plaque forming units were observed after 24 h of incubation from urine samples containing 2 × 105 and 2 × 103 CFU/mL M. smegmatis. The results of this study provide a promising tool for diagnosis of tuberculosis and Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rojas-Ponce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Zemp
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephane Evoy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Schutzer SE, Body BA, Boyle J, Branson BM, Dattwyler RJ, Fikrig E, Gerald NJ, Gomes-Solecki M, Kintrup M, Ledizet M, Levin AE, Lewinski M, Liotta LA, Marques A, Mead PS, Mongodin EF, Pillai S, Rao P, Robinson WH, Roth KM, Schriefer ME, Slezak T, Snyder JL, Steere AC, Witkowski J, Wong SJ, Branda JA. Direct Diagnostic Tests for Lyme Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68:1052-1057. [PMID: 30307486 PMCID: PMC6399434 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi was discovered to be the cause of Lyme disease in 1983, leading to seroassays. The 1994 serodiagnostic testing guidelines predated a full understanding of key B. burgdorferi antigens and have a number of shortcomings. These serologic tests cannot distinguish active infection, past infection, or reinfection. Reliable direct-detection methods for active B. burgdorferi infection have been lacking in the past but are needed and appear achievable. New approaches have effectively been applied to other emerging infections and show promise in direct detection of B. burgdorferi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Schutzer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark,Correspondence: S. E. Schutzer, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 ()
| | - Barbara A Body
- Laboratory Corporation of America, Burlington, North Carolina,Retired
| | | | | | | | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Noel J Gerald
- Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Maria Gomes-Solecki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | | | | | | | | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Adriana Marques
- Clinical Studies Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul S Mead
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Segaran Pillai
- Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Prasad Rao
- Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - William H Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Kristian M Roth
- Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Martin E Schriefer
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | | | - Allen C Steere
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Susan J Wong
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - John A Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Kennedy JA, Baron VO, Hammond RJH, Sloan DJ, Gillespie SH. Centrifugation and decontamination procedures selectively impair recovery of important populations in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:79-82. [PMID: 30205972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with tuberculosis (TB) requires detection of all viable mycobacteria in clinical samples. Quantitation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in sputum is commonly performed by culture after sample decontamination to prevent overgrowth by contaminant organisms. Exponentially growing cultures have cells that predominately lack non-polar lipid bodies whereas stationary cultures have a predominance of cells with non-polar lipid bodies. This may reflect rapidly growing 'active' and non-replicating 'persister' sub-populations respectively in sputum from TB patients. We investigated the effect of decontamination on culture-based quantitation of exponential and stationary phase cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis in an artificial sputum model. Exponentially growing populations were between 89 and 50 times more susceptible to decontamination than stationary phase cultures when quantified by most probable number and colony forming units. These findings suggest that decontamination selectively eliminates the 'active' population. This may impair diagnostic sensitivity, treatment monitoring, and compromise clinical trials designed to identify new antibiotic combinations with activity against all mycobacterial cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kennedy
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent O Baron
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | | | - Derek J Sloan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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Seki M, Kim CK, Hayakawa S, Mitarai S. Recent advances in tuberculosis diagnostics in resource-limited settings. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1405-1410. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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