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El Osta N, Wehbe A, Sleiman N, Drancourt N, El Osta L, Hennequin M. Dental Criteria Could Alert for Malnutrition Risk and Inappropriate Choice of Food Texture in Older Subjects with Dementia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15086. [PMID: 36429816 PMCID: PMC9690132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral health indicators are usually collected to alert for the presence of infectious diseases, but the impact of poor oral health on the nutritional status of older people with dementia is often neglected. This study aims to explore the relationship between the number of posterior dental functional units (PFUs) and the anthropometric measure of malnutrition, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), in older people with dementia while controlling for other variables, and to analyze whether the number of PFUs is considered when adjusting the texture of the food provided at mealtimes. A total of 103 individuals who were 70 years or older with dementia were recruited from seven institutions. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination. Data were collected from medical records (sociodemographic characteristics, presence of chronic diseases, prescribed medications, results of serum albumin level), as well as questionnaires (type of feeding routes, type of food texture, supplements intake, Activity of Daily Living index), clinical examinations (MUAC), and oral health parameters (PFUs, oral dryness, oral hygiene). MUAC was the dependent outcome variable. MUAC was associated with the number of PFUs (p = 0.032); participants with PFU ≤ 4 were 7.5 times more likely to have MUAC < 21 cm than others. Other associations were found between MUAC and albumin level (OR = 12.5; p = 0.001), modified food texture (OR = 4.2; p = 0.035), and length of institutional stay (OR = 5.2; p = 0.033); however, the type of oral feeding was not significantly related to the number of PFUs (p = 0.487) so there is an inadequate correlation between food texture and oral health status. Similar to MUAC, the number of PFUs could be an oral anthropometric criterion that is recorded during routine hygiene care to alert for the risk of malnutrition and the inappropriate choice of food texture in older individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada El Osta
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 111, Lebanon
| | - Amine Wehbe
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 111, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Sleiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 111, Lebanon
| | - Noemie Drancourt
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU of Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Odontologie, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lana El Osta
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 111, Lebanon
| | - Martine Hennequin
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU of Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Odontologie, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Ismail M, Hussein S. Population aging and long-term care policies in the Gulf region: a case study of Oman. J Aging Soc Policy 2018; 31:338-357. [PMID: 29883275 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2018.1485392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Population aging is a phenomenon occurring across the globe including in countries traditionally exhibiting population dividends and "youth bulges." The Gulf Corporation Council countries are no exception as they currently experience a process of population aging, albeit at a different stage from many developed countries. However, due to historically high fertility rates and fast-paced epidemiological transition, some of these countries will experience population aging at a higher pace than what has been observed in Europe and the United States. This article reviews recent developments in long-term care policies in the Gulf region with a focus on Oman as an example of a high-income Arab country that is experiencing population aging while still being governed by traditional family aged-care norms. Utilizing existing data and published research complemented by policy analysis and field visits, we analyze the process of population aging in Oman and neighboring countries and its policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ismail
- a Director, Analytical Research Ltd , Station House , Surrey , UK
| | - Shereen Hussein
- b Research Professor, Social Care Workforce Research Unit , King's College London , London , UK
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Yakubu YA, Schutte DW. Caregiver attributes and socio-demographic determinants of caregiving burden in selected low-income communities in cape town, South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40639-018-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Du J, Shao S, Jin GH, Qian CG, Xu W, Lu XQ. Factors associated with health-related quality of life among family caregivers of disabled older adults: a cross-sectional study from Beijing. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8489. [PMID: 29095308 PMCID: PMC5682827 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the aging population and the shortage of standardized institutional solutions for long-term care (LTC) in China, family caregivers in Beijing are increasingly called upon to provide home care for disabled older adults. Caregivers face a heavy care burden, and decreased physical and mental health (MH). This study aims to describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to identify its predictors for Chinese family caregivers of disabled older adults.A total of 766 caregivers were recruited from 5 communities in the Dongcheng District of Beijing. Measures included the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) scales, and the Chinese Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analysis was used to identify the predictors.HMR analysis showed that each block of independent variables (demographic characteristics of disabled older adults, demographic characteristics of caregivers, caregiving context, and subjective caregiver burden) had contributed significantly to caregivers' physical and mental quality of life. Subjective caregiver burden explained the greatest amount of total variance in all MH subscales and the 2nd greatest amount of variance in most physical subscales. Therefore, subjective caregiver burden was the strongest predictor of HRQoL.Our findings suggest that a decrease in caregiver burden can improve caregivers' HRQoL, and additional social support is important in decreasing the impact of caregiving on HRQoL. Importantly, an LTC system should be established in China as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University
| | - Shuang Shao
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University
| | - Guang-Hui Jin
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Hepingli Community Health Service Station, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University
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Chaaya M, Phung K, Atweh S, El Asmar K, Karam G, Khoury R, Ghandour L, Ghusn H, Assaad S, Prince M, Waldemar G. Dementia and family burden of care in Lebanon. BJPsych Int 2017; 14:7-9. [PMID: 29093925 PMCID: PMC5618822 DOI: 10.1192/s2056474000001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden on and mental well-being of family carers for the elderly, especially those with dementia, has been well studied in high-income countries and to a lesser extent in the Arab region. Our study of Lebanese carers highlights the importance of considering the psychological well-being of the family carer, and the role of dementia and depression in increasing the burden of care. Psychosocial interventions have produced equivocal results and therefore customised and contextualised interventions need to be researched. Greater understanding of the coping mechanisms used by carers is required and an examination of the positive aspects of caring is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Chaaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, email
| | - Kieu Phung
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, The Neuroscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir Atweh
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosemary Khoury
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Lilian Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Husam Ghusn
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Assaad
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Martin Prince
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, The Neuroscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang FC, Shih FJ, Hsieh MH, Wang SS, Shih FJ. Caring Difficulties and Coping Strategies for Pediatric Organ Transplant Recipients and Their Families During Dark Recovery Experiences in the Hospital: Perspective of Health Professionals in Taiwan. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:965-8. [PMID: 27234780 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored caring difficulties and the reliable coping strategies for pediatric organ transplant recipients (POTR) and their families during their dark recovery experiences (DRE) in the hospital from the perspectives of Taiwan organ transplant health professionals (OTHP) in Taiwan. METHODS A qualitative design was used with a purposive sample of OT surgeons (OTS) and nurses. Data were collected by face-to-face in-depth interviews and analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five subjects (39 females, 16 males) participated in this project. They included 15 OTS and 40 nurses. The nurses included registered nurses (n = 27), nurse practitioners (n = 5), and assistant or head nurses (n = 8). Their ages ranged from 25 to 66 (M = 38.4) years old. Thirty-eight (69%) had a college education and 17 (31%) had a graduate education. Their OT careers ranged from between 3 to 40 (M = 23.8) years for OTS, and 0.5 to 15 (M = 4.10) years for the OT nursing group. Six types of coping strategies for caring difficulties were reported: (a) implementing humanistic care training programs, (b) developing clinical paths for complex multiple OT cases, (c) holding case conferences for successful and failed cases, (d) developing OT expert training programs for interdisciplinary team members, (e) integrating acute and long-term care teams for difficult OT cases and families, and (f) inviting assistance from social workers. CONCLUSIONS This research identifies important care difficulties and provides coping strategies that help to empower OTHP to care for POTR and their families during DRE, including increasing the manpower of experienced OT staff, conducting systematic in-service training, building teamwork between OTHP, and establishing a good pediatric OTHP team with consensus and good communication channels so as to effectively deal with the difficulties faced when caring for the POTR, and further to effectively enhance the overall quality of clinical care of POTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-C Yang
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Jong Shih
- Department of Gerontological Care and Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-H Hsieh
- School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-S Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, and Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - F Jin Shih
- National Yang-Ming University, Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan; Chair Professor, Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chayi, Taiwan.
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Taha S, Sassine Kazan R. La signification de l’expérience du « prendre soin » pour des aidants familiaux libanais de survivants d’accident vasculaire cérébral à domicile. Rech Soins Infirm 2015. [DOI: 10.3917/rsi.120.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Abdulrahim S, Ajrouch KJ, Antonucci TC. Aging in Lebanon: Challenges and Opportunities. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 55:511-8. [PMID: 25326343 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This spotlight offers a unique window into factors affecting aging in Lebanon. As a bridge between east and west, both geographically and culturally, Lebanon has the fastest growing older adult population in the Arab region, but few societal resources to address its needs. In a country with a history of political instability and war, but also a culture with strong family values, aging adults in Lebanon are vulnerable in some ways and advantaged in others. Outmigration of youth is an important determinant of the wellbeing of the elderly. While often advantaged by remittances sent by their children, older Lebanese adults have less access to instrumental social and personal support previously provided by young adults in the family. How Lebanon manages these challenges is likely to foreshadow the future aging experience for much of the Arab region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abdulrahim
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kristine J Ajrouch
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan.
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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9
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Yang FC, Shih FJ, Tseng PH, Wang SS, Shih FJ. Holistic care for pediatric organ transplant recipients and their families during their dark postoperative recovery stage in the hospital. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1026-8. [PMID: 24815118 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored the difficulties in caring for pediatric organ transplant recipients (POTR) and their families during dark recovery experiences (DRE) in the hospital from the perspectives of Taiwan organ transplant health professionals (OTHP). METHODS A qualitative design was used, with a purposive sample of OTHP including OT surgeons (OTS) and nursing groups. Data were collected by thorough face-to-face interviews and were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five subjects (39 female, 16 male) participated in this project. They included 15 OTS and 40 nurses. The nurses included registered nurses (n = 27), nurse practitioners (n = 5), and assistant or head nurses (n = 8). Their ages ranged from 25 to 66 (mean = 38.4) years old. Thirty-eight (69%) had college education, and 17 (31%) had graduate education. Their OT careers ranged from between 3 to 40 (mean = 23.8) years for OTS, and 0.5 to 15 (mean = 4.10) years for the OT nursing group. Five types of caring difficulties were reported: (1) threat of OT failure, (2) work overload, (3) insufficient collaboration within interdisciplinary teams due to incongruent surgical and nursing opinions, (4) poor communication between OTHP and POTR, and (5) lack of competent professional OT care. CONCLUSIONS The following suggestions were made to help relieve the OTHPs' stress in providing holistic care for POTR and their families during DRE: (1) increasing the amount of experienced OT manpower and professional communication liaisons, (2) providing systematic on-the-job interdisciplinary case seminars and OT workshops, and (3) enhancing the POTR's mental health care and helping manage their distress of DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Yang
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, and Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F Jong Shih
- Department of Gerontological Care and Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P H Tseng
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S S Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - F Jin Shih
- National Yang-Ming University, and Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, Chayi, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chayi, Taiwan.
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10
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Tajvar M, Fletcher A, Grundy E, Arab M. Social support and health of older people in Middle Eastern countries: A systematic review. Australas J Ageing 2012; 32:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2012.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Fletcher
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London; UK
| | - Emily Grundy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London; UK
| | - Mohammad Arab
- Department of Health Management and Economic Sciences; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
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Van Durme T, Macq J, Jeanmart C, Gobert M. Tools for measuring the impact of informal caregiving of the elderly: a literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2011; 49:490-504. [PMID: 22078211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) Describe available tools to assess the impact of informal caregiving of home-dwelling elderly, (2) identify an acceptable and appropriate tool for a study aiming at the evaluation of the impact of innovative projects for care and support of care for elderly at home, on their main informal caregiver and (3) find a definition of 'main informal caregiver'. STUDY DESIGN Literature review by searches of the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, using firstly keywords and exclusion criteria, then citations and reference search. RESULTS This review has identified 105 scales assessing the impact of informal caregiving of the elderly. Those scales were described in terms of characteristics of the care receiver population, content and psychometric properties. Most retrieved scales are intended to measure the impact of caregiving on caregivers' health of elderly with dementia (n=49), overall elderly (n=21), cancer patients (n=7), chronically ill patients (n=7), psychiatric patients (n=7) and stroke patients (n=3). Dimensions of the impact of caregiving were classified into its positive (n=34), negative (n=55) or neither positive nor negative (n=16) consequences on the informal caregiver's health. Internal consistency varied from 0.48 to 0.99 and in half of the cases (n=52), construct validity was reported. Scales comprised 1-200 questions. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12) was selected for the study and an operational definition of the concept of "main informal caregiver" was constructed. CONCLUSION This review identified a large number of scales that can be used to assess the impact of caregiving, viewed through different dimensions. The Zarit Burden Interview can be a useful tool for researchers and clinicians due to its user-friendliness, extensively validation and international use, making comparisons between groups possible. Despite the fact that only the original version of each scale was selected, this inventory should be a useful tool for intervention studies and even clinicians work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Van Durme
- Institut de Recherche Santé et Société, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Compassion fatigue: an application of the concept to informal caregivers of family members with dementia. Nurs Res Pract 2011; 2011:408024. [PMID: 22229086 PMCID: PMC3170786 DOI: 10.1155/2011/408024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Compassion fatigue is a concept used with increasing frequency in the nursing literature. The objective of this paper is to identify common themes across the literature and to apply these themes, and an existing model of compassion fatigue, to informal caregivers for family members with dementia. Findings. Caregivers for family members with dementia may be at risk for developing compassion fatigue. The model of compassion fatigue provides an informative framework for understanding compassion fatigue in the informal caregiver population. Limitations of the model when applied to this population were identified as traumatic memories and the emotional relationship between parent and child, suggesting areas for future research. Conclusions. Research is needed to better understand the impact of compassion fatigue on informal caregivers through qualitative interviews, to identify informal caregivers at risk for compassion fatigue, and to provide an empirical basis for developing nursing interventions for caregivers experiencing compassion fatigue.
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Modernisation and filial piety among traditional family care-givers: a study of Arab-Israelis in cultural transition. AGEING & SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x11000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to examine the association of modernisation and filial piety among adult children care-givers of elderly Arab parents in Israel, and to identify factors that mediate the association. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2006–07 through structured interviews with 250 randomly sampled Arab-Israeli adult children care-givers. Hierarchical regression was then applied to the study variables in the respondents’ scores on a culturally relevant filial piety scale. The results revealed a negative correlation between modernisation, as measured by individualistic lifestyle and level of urbanisation, and filial piety scores. The association between individualistic lifestyle and filial piety was partially mediated by perceived care-giver burden. Given the observed trends, programme and policy planners should establish more services that are uniquely suited to the needs of a changing Arab society, in order to provide culturally relevant long-term support for the family network in a period of accelerated modernisation.
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Fang WH, Yen CF, Wu JL, Lin LP, Kuo FY, Chou YC, Lin JD. Staffing trends of disability care institutions in Taiwan during the period 2002-2007. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:856-862. [PMID: 19201155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine trends related to the staffing of disability welfare institutions caring for people with disabilities in Taiwan. Nationwide data from the 2002 to 2007 "Service Manpower in Disability Welfare Institutions" report, which are derived mainly from the Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan, were analyzed. The data included number of workers, job type and gender distribution of staff working in welfare institutions catering for the disabled. We also used the disabled population and those who had been admitted to institutional care to analyze the service load per staff member. Based on analyses of current governmental statistics, the results showed that staff numbers in institutions for the disabled increased from 6191 to 7820 (20.8% increase), and the female/male ratio these staff increased from 4.18 to 4.51 from 2002 to 2007. Educator/training personnel (33.3-36.7%) accounted for a higher proportion of staff than other job categories, and each staff member served 5.8-6.3 persons with disabilities on average. The second largest group was living assistant (18.4-20.5%; 9.9-11.8), and the remaining personnel were administrative staff (13.5-14.6%; 13.9-15.9), nursing staff (6.4-8.7%; 24.9-32.0), social workers (6.2-7.5%; 28.8-32.8), and counseling staff (3.8-6.3%; 21.9-57.1). Curve estimation tests showed a significant change over the period of the study in the number of disabled people attended to on average by administrative staff, social workers, nurses and other staff. The results highlight the requirement for further study to explore the needs of the majority service provider--female staff--to provide them with adequate professional or psychological support to enable them to work with people with disabilities in institutions. In addition, further analysis should focus on a review of staff numbers for different types of institutions, to examine their adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Lin JD, Lee TN, Loh CH, Yen CF, Hsu SW, Wu JL, Tang CC, Lin LP, Chu CM, Wu SR. Physical and mental health status of staff working for people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan: measurement with the 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) health survey. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:538-546. [PMID: 18823753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little explicit attention has been given to the generic health profile of staff working for people with intellectual disability in institutions. This study aimed to provide a profile of physical and mental health of staff working in disability welfare institutions, and to examine the possible demographic and organizational factors that explain an association with their health. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze 1243 staff (76% response rate) working in 24 institutions in Taiwan. The 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) Taiwan version was used to measure their generic health status. The mean of Physical component scores (PCS) was slightly higher than Mental component scores (MCS) (50.83 vs. 45.12). With regard to each dimension among PCS, the mean score of Physical functioning (PF) was 57.14 (S.D.=5.93), Role limitations-physical (RP) was 49.88 (S.D.=9.69), Bodily pain (BP) was 52.14 (S.D.=8.09) and General medical health (GH) was 51.50 (S.D.=8.28). Among the MCS, Vitality (VT) was 46.19 (S.D.=6.71); Social functioning (SF) was 46.44 (S.D.=7.58); Role limitations-emotional (RE) was 47.30 (S.D.=11.89) and Mental health (MH) was 43.58 (S.D.=8.81). We found the generic health of staff working for people with intellectual disabilities were significantly lower in PCS and MCS than the Taiwan general population. Influences of staff's demographic and organizational characteristics on their health were also analyzed in the content. This study highlights the authorities and service providers need to continue to develop their awareness and understanding of the experiences that their staff encounters in the organizations, so that they can receive resources to support their positive health in working for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ding Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Lee TN, Lin JD, Yen CF, Loh CH, Hsu SW, Tang CC, Wu JL, Fang WH, Chu CM. Extrinsic high-effort and low-reward conditions at work among institutional staff caring for people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:284-293. [PMID: 18534817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were to determine whether extrinsic high-effort/low-reward conditions at work are associated with personal characteristics and the organizational environments. A cross-sectional survey was conducted (76.7% response rate, N=1243) by recruiting the staff caring for people with intellectual disabilities of Taiwan in 2006. Conditions at work were measured using Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model, the questionnaire included 23 Likert scaled items and it divided into three scales: effort, reward and overcommitment. Multiple logistic regression modeling was conducted for extrinsic high-effort/low-reward status in relation to staff and working environmental factors. We found that 15.1% staff were in the low-effort/low-reward group, 35.9% was in the low-effort/high-reward group, 17.9% belonged to the high-effort/high-reward group and 31.1% was included in the high-effort/low-reward group. Controlling for many personal demographic and organizational characteristics, the factors of perceived job support (OR=0.91; 95% CI=0854-0.97), job control (OR=0.954, 95% CI=0.934-0.974), job demand (OR=1.155, 95% CI=1.109-1.203) and job stress (felt sometimes stressful compare to no stress at all, OR=2.305, 95% CI=1.161-4.575) of the staff were significantly correlated to the extrinsic high effort/low reward at work in the multiple logistic regression model. The present study highlights that the service providers need to be aware and understand the experiences that their staff encounters in the organizational, interpersonal and personal level regarding unfair working conditions such as high effort/low reward to improve the positive health of the staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Nan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun East Road, Section 6, Nei-Hu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Impact of colorectal cancer on patient and family: Implications for care. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2008; 12:217-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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