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Miller JK, Evans SL. Perceived Stress, but Not Rumination, Mediates the Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:1053-1065. [PMID: 39071544 PMCID: PMC11283793 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s447469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Poor sleep among young adults is prevalent, yet the mediating variables are largely understudied, and there is limited relevant work utilizing objective sleep measures. The present study investigated the mediating effects of perceived stress and rumination in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective and objective sleep quality in young adults. Methods A total of 170 healthy adults (aged 18-37, M = 20.8, SD = 2.9) self-reported on trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and rumination. The primary (N = 140) and secondary (N = 30) samples both completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess subjective sleep quality. The secondary sample (N = 30) additionally provided sleep diaries, as well as wrist-worn actigraphy data for assessing objective sleep quality. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the effect of trait mindfulness on sleep quality with perceived stress and rumination as mediators. Results Trait mindfulness was positively associated with better subjective sleep quality; this was fully mediated by perceived stress, b = -0.08, 95% CI [-.12, -0.06]. Rumination was negatively associated with subjective sleep quality but did not mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality, b = -0.01, 95% CI [-.03, 0.02]. Only trait mindfulness was correlated with diary-based sleep ratings, and none of the measures were associated with actigraphy-based sleep quality. Conclusion This study indicates that perceived stress is an important mediator in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective sleep quality among young adults, rather than rumination. These findings have implications for mindfulness-based therapeutic approaches to address the high prevalence of sleep disorders among young adults, adding mechanistic detail to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee K Miller
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Simon L Evans
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Lee DG, Gui XY, Mukovozov I, Fleming P, Lynde C. Sleep Disturbances in Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Scoping Review. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:157-164. [PMID: 36880965 PMCID: PMC10068401 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with various quality of life concerns including poor sleep. Sleep impairments in children with AD are associated with increased risk of short stature, metabolic syndrome, mental illness and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although the association between AD and sleep disturbance is well established, the specific types of sleep disturbance in pediatric AD patients and their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A scoping literature review was performed to characterize and summarize the types of sleep disturbance in children (less than 18 years of age) with AD. 31 papers met inclusion criteria and extracted data were analyzed in an iterative manner. Two types of sleep disturbances were found to be more prevalent in pediatric AD patients in comparison to controls. One category was related to loss of sleep (increased frequency or duration of awakenings, increased sleep fragmentation, delayed sleep onset, decreased total sleep duration, and decreased sleep efficiency). Another category was associated with unusual behaviors during sleep (restlessness/limb movement/scratching, sleep-disordered breathing including obstructive sleep apnea and snoring, nightmares, nocturnal enuresis and nocturnal hyperhidrosis). Some mechanisms underlying these sleep disturbances include pruritus and induced scratching and increased proinflammatory markers induced by sleep loss. Sleep disturbance appears to be associated with AD. We recommend clinicians to consider interventions that may reduce sleep disturbances in children with AD. Further investigation of these sleep disturbances is needed to elucidate pathophysiology, develop additional treatments, and reduce negative impacts on the health outcomes and quality of life in pediatric AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Goo Lee
- 12358 Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Yao Gui
- 12358 Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ilya Mukovozov
- 12358 Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,12358 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick Fleming
- 12366 Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Lynde
- 12366 Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Lynde Institute for Dermatology, Markham, ON, Canada
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Hwang S, Nam JY. Do lifestyle risk behaviors affect anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among adolescents? Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114942. [PMID: 36368053 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cultivating and maintaining good mental health and a healthy lifestyle during adolescence-the period when physical and psychological development occurs-is important. Further, an unhealthy lifestyle can have long-term effects on health. Few studies have examined the multiple effects of lifestyle risk behavior on mental health, and the behaviors that interact with this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations between anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and a cumulative unhealthy lifestyle. The study included 54,948 participants from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale was used to define the disorder. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. The relationship between mental health and lifestyle risk scores was examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. There was a significantly positive relationship of a high lifestyle risk score with the risk of generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. There were interaction effects between sex and academic achievement. Insufficient/prolonged sleep was strongly associated with poor mental health among Korean adolescents. Our findings showed an association between poor mental health and high lifestyle risk scores. Longitudinal studies to identify potential risk behaviors and to reveal causal relationships are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeoYeon Hwang
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Nam
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Sungnam, South Korea.
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Kim E, Lee K. Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study on Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071326. [PMID: 35885851 PMCID: PMC9315475 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep satisfaction in 54,948 Korean adolescents. This study utilized the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS). The dependent variable was sleep satisfaction. Independent variables were smartphone addiction level and usage time. Gender, school grade, stress, depression, regular physical activity (PA), asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were selected as confounding variables. A chi-squared test, logistic regression, and independent t-test were performed for data analysis. As a result of the chi-squared test, sleep satisfaction showed significant relationships with all confounding variables (all p < 0.001). As a result of adjusting all confounding variables, sleep satisfaction of smartphone normal users was significantly higher (odds ratios: 1.372, p < 0.001) than that of high-risk users with smartphone addiction. Smartphone users with a daily smartphone usage time from 2 h to 8 h a day were 1.096−1.347 times (p = 0.014 to p < 0.001) more likely to be satisfied with their sleep than smartphone users with a daily smartphone usage time over 8 h, who were unsatisfied with their sleep. The group that was not satisfied with their sleep had a significantly higher average daily smartphone usage time and total score on the smartphone addiction scale than the group that was satisfied with their sleep (both p < 0.001). In conclusion, it will be necessary to manage the use of smartphones to improve the sleep satisfaction of Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eonho Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Kihyuk Lee
- Department of Sport Culture, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Morii W, Ii R, Noguchi E, Watanabe T, Tamiya N. Analysis of patient factors associated with hospital visits for allergic rhinitis in Japanese adult patients: A cross-sectional study. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 48:1099-1104. [PMID: 33933293 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in Japan. However, several AR patients do not seek optimal treatments at clinics/hospitals. This may affect the patient's quality of life and labor productivity. In this study, we assessed the characteristics of the outpatients' AR and factors associated with their hospital visit, using the dataset obtained from a nation-wide survey in Japan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the nation-wide 2013 and 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) in Japan. We analyzed the data of AR outpatients through logistic regression, using the outcome as the dependent variable, and age groups, sex, household size, educational status, smoking history, alcohol use, household expenditure, psychological distress, quality of sleep, asthma and atopic dermatitis outpatients as explanatory variables. RESULTS Among the data of 317,984 outpatients aged between 20 and 79 years in 2016 CSLC survey, the proportion of AR outpatients was significantly less among current smokers (odds ratio (OR); 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.43-0.51, P < 0.001) and those with large household sizes (OR; 0.80, 95% CI; 0.72-0.89, P < 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of AR outpatients was significantly more among subjects with a past smoking habit (OR; 1.19, 95% CI; 1.08-1.31, P < 0.001), insufficient sleep (OR; 2.93, 95% CI; 2.52-3.42, P < 0.001), psychological distress (OR; 1.71, 95% CI; 1.62-1.80, P < 0.001), high household expenditures (OR; 1.68, 95% CI; 1.56-1.80, P < 0.001), and asthma and atopic dermatitis outpatients (OR; 8.97, 95% CI; 8.13-9.89 P < 0.001 for asthma and OR; 7.61, 95% CI; 6.76-8.58 P < 0.001 for atopic dermatitis). We observed the same trend using the dataset of 2013 CLSC survey. CONCLUSION This study revealed that smoking habit, psychological distress, insufficient sleep, high household expenditures and outpatients with other allergic diseases are the factors associated with AR outpatient visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Morii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Rieko Ii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Taeko Watanabe
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nanako Tamiya
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
This editorial provides an overview of secondary data analysis in nursing science and its application in a range of contemporary research. The practice of undertaking secondary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is also discussed, along with the benefits, risks and limitations of this analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Connor
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Park BK. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Associated Factors in Middle-school Students: A Cross-sectional Study. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2020; 26:55-63. [PMID: 35004450 PMCID: PMC8650888 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current level of sleep quality among Korean middle-school students using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality. Methods The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 744 middle-school students. The questionnaire included the PSQI and health-related questions, such as the types of diseases they had been diagnosed with and the frequency of hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear multiple regression. Results The global PSQI score was 4.21, which indicated good sleep quality. The major factors that were associated with the sleep quality of middle-school students were the number of diseases they had been diagnosed with (β=.54, p=.001) and atopic dermatitis (β=.32, p=.001). In addition, asthma and the frequency of hospital admissions were significant factors influencing each component of the PSQI. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that sleep quality was associated with several health-related factors. Thus, nurses, school nurses, and nursing researchers may need to assess the health-related factors associated with adolescents' sleep quality as part of efforts to improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Kyung Park
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Abstract
Recent research suggests that the stress-sleep relationship is mediated by pre-sleep arousal (PSA) and that cognitive arousal has a stronger mediating effect than somatic arousal; however, this has not been directly tested. Using multilevel moderated mediation, we compared the effects of cognitive arousal and somatic arousal within the stress-sleep relationship. We also assessed whether two forms of repetitive negative thought-rumination and worry-are similarly involved in the stress-sleep relationship. Data was collected from 178 participants across the United States via an online platform. Participants completed baseline self-report surveys examining rumination tendencies and worry tendencies. Over the course of 2 weeks, participants completed daily questionnaires assessing daily stress, PSA, and sleep quality. Results indicated that indirect effects from stress to sleep quality via PSA were statistically significant at low and high levels of rumination and worry, and people at high levels of rumination and worry had stronger relationships between stress and PSA. Across all models, cognitive arousal consistently accounted for more of the variance in the stress-sleep relationship as compared to somatic arousal. Implications for the cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia are discussed.
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Ssewanyana D, Nyongesa MK, van Baar A, Newton CR, Abubakar A. Health risk behavior among chronically ill adolescents: a systematic review of assessment tools. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28725261 PMCID: PMC5512752 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with chronic illnesses engage in health risk behaviors (HRB) which pose challenges for optimizing care and management of their ill health. Frequent monitoring of HRB is recommended, however little is known about which are the most useful tools to detect HRB among chronically ill adolescents. AIMS This systematic review was conducted to address important knowledge gaps on the assessment of HRB among chronically ill adolescents. Its specific aims were to: identify HRB assessment tools, the geographical location of the studies, their means of administration, the psychometric properties of the tools and the commonest forms of HRB assessed among adolescents living with chronic illnesses globally. METHODS We searched in four bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts for empirical studies published until April 2017 on HRB among chronically ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. RESULTS This review indicates a major dearth of research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents especially in low income settings. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and Health Behavior in School-aged Children were the commonest HRB assessment tools. Only 21% of the eligible studies reported psychometric properties of the HRB tools or items. Internal consistency was good and varied from 0.73 to 0.98 whereas test-retest reliability varied from unacceptable (0.58) to good (0.85). Numerous methods of tool administration were also identified. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use and physical inactivity are the commonest forms of HRB assessed. CONCLUSION Evidence on the suitability of the majority of the HRB assessment tools has so far been documented in high income settings where most of them have been developed. The utility of such tools in low resource settings is often hampered by the cultural and contextual variations across regions. The psychometric qualities were good but only reported in a minority of studies from high income settings. This result points to the need for more resources and capacity building for tool adaptation and validation, so as to enhance research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moses Kachama Nyongesa
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- 0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles R. Newton
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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