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Entezari M, Mozafari M, Bakhtiyari M, Moradi F, Bagher Z, Soleimani M. Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone/polypyrrole conducting scaffolds for differentiation of human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes and promotion of neurite outgrowth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1134-1146. [PMID: 35075781 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of a suitable nerve guide conduit (NGC) seeded with sufficient Schwann cells (SCs) is required to improve peripheral nerve regeneration efficiently. Given the limitations of isolating and culturing SCs, using various sources of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal olfactory mucosa, can be desirable. Olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs) are a new population of neural crest-derived stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into SCs and can be considered a promising autologous alternative to produce SCs. Regardless, a biomimetic physicochemical microenvironment in NGC such as electroconductive substrate can affect the fate of transplanted stem cells, including differentiation toward SCs and nerve regeneration. Therefore, in this study, the effect of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/polypyrrole (PPy) conductive scaffolds on differentiation of human OE-MSCS into functional SC-like phenotypes was investigated. Biological evaluation of 3D printed scaffolds was examined by in vitro culturing the OE-MSCs on samples surfaces, and conductivity showed no effect on increased cell attachment, proliferation rate, viability, and distribution. In contrast, immunocytochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that 3D structures coated with PPy could provide a favorable microenvironment for OE-MSCs differentiation. In addition, it was found that differentiated OE-MSCs within PCL/PPy could secrete the highest amounts of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factors compared to pure PCL and 2D culture. After co-culturing with PC12 cells, a significant increase in neurite outgrowth on PCL/PPy conductive scaffold seeded with differentiated OE-MSCs. These findings indicated that 3D printed PCL/PPy conductive scaffold could support differentiation of OE-MSCs into SC-like phenotypes to promote neurite outgrowth, suggesting their potential for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Entezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lomboni DJ, Steeves A, Schock S, Bonetti L, De Nardo L, Variola F. Compounded topographical and physicochemical cueing by micro-engineered chitosan substrates on rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and human mesenchymal stem cells. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5284-5302. [PMID: 34075927 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the intertwined physicochemical effects exerted in vivo by both natural and synthetic (e.g., biomaterial) interfaces on adhering cells, the evaluation of structure-function relationships governing cellular response to micro-engineered surfaces for applications in neuronal tissue engineering requires the use of in vitro testing platforms which consist of a clinically translatable material with tunable physiochemical properties. In this work, we micro-engineered chitosan substrates with arrays of parallel channels with variable width (20 and 60 μm). A citric acid (CA)-based crosslinking approach was used to provide an additional level of synergistic cueing on adhering cells by regulating the chitosan substrate's stiffness. Morphological and physicochemical characterization was conducted to unveil the structure-function relationships which govern the activity of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), ultimately singling out the key role of microtopography, roughness and substrate's stiffness. While substrate's stiffness predominantly affected hMSC spreading, the modulation of the channels' design affected the neuronal architecture's complexity and guided the morphological transition of hMSCs. Finally, the combined analysis of tubulin expression and cell morphology allowed us to cast new light on the predominant role of the microtopography over substrate's stiffness in the process of hMSCs neurogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lomboni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Steeves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Schock
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada and The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada and The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Canada
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3
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Fontaine C, Yeager EA, Sledziona M, Jones AK, Cheetham J. Revitalizing the common peroneal function index for assessing functional recovery following nerve injury. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01968. [PMID: 33314721 PMCID: PMC7882187 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripheral nerve injury is common with poor functional recovery and consequent high personal and societal costs. Sciatic nerve transection and assessment of recovery using sciatic functional index (SFI) are widely used. SFI is biologically limited as axonal misdirection of axons supplying flexors and extensors in the hindlimb, after nerve injury can lead to synkinetic innervation and function which does not correspond to the degree of axonal regeneration. METHODS We reevaluated the use of traditional metrics such as print length (PL), toe spread (TS), and intermediate toe spread (ITS) as well as hock angle at mid-swing as approaches for determining recovery. We used two alternative approaches in discrete cohorts of rats following common peroneal crush injury, transection with repair and critical gap, using transection with ligation as a negative control. We compared walking track analysis (print) with digital capture and kinematics. RESULTS PL, TS, and ITS varied as expected after injury. The traditional functional index for common peroneal injury using inked prints failed to describe recovery and we derived new indices to describe recovery (all R2 > 0.88, p < .0001) although pre-injury PFI was never attained by any of the models. Kinematic analysis identified hock angle at mid-swing as a useful predictor of recovery (p < .0001). INTERPRETATION Using complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calder Fontaine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Yeager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael Sledziona
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amanda K Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Bal E, Hanalioglu S, Kopru CZ, Köse S, Basak AT, Pehlivan SB, Cetinkaya DU, Purali N, Korkusuz P, Bozkurt G. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in experimental kaolin induced syringomyelia model. J Neurosurg Sci 2020; 66:40-48. [PMID: 33056946 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringomyelia is a pathological cavitation of the spinal cord. In this study, we examined whether a syrinx cavity would limit itself with axonal regeneration and stem cell activity in the cavity, and we evaluated subjects on a functional basis. METHODS Groups were designated as kaolin, trauma, kaolin-trauma, and saline groups. Also divided out of the syringomyelia treated groups were those given human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). All groups were evaluated with immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and functionally. RESULTS The kaolin-trauma group had a significant correction of BBB score with hMSCs therapy. The syrinx cavity measurements showed significant improvement in groups treated with hMSCs. The tissue surrounding the syrinx cavity, however, appeared to be better organized in groups treated with hMSCs. The process of repair and regeneration of damaged axons in the lesion were more improved in groups treated with hMSCs. Using confocal microscopy, fluorescence of hMSCs was observed in the central canal, in the ependymal tissue, and around the lesion. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that axonal repair accelerated in groups receiving stem cells, and thus, stem cells may be effective in recovery of neural tissue and myelin damage in syringomyelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Bal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey -
| | - Sahin Hanalioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University School of Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagla Z Kopru
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yüksek İhtisas University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Köse
- Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet T Basak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medipol Mega Hospital University of School, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel B Pehlivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu U Cetinkaya
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara Turkey
| | - Nuhan Purali
- Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Katiyar KS, Struzyna LA, Morand JP, Burrell JC, Clements B, Laimo FA, Browne KD, Kohn J, Ali Z, Ledebur HC, Smith DH, Cullen DK. Tissue Engineered Axon Tracts Serve as Living Scaffolds to Accelerate Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:492. [PMID: 32523945 PMCID: PMC7261940 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to accelerate the rate of axon regeneration would improve functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury, in particular for cases involving segmental nerve defects. We are advancing tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) comprised of long, aligned, centimeter-scale axon tracts developed by the controlled process of axon "stretch-growth" in custom mechanobioreactors. The current study used a rat sciatic nerve model to investigate the mechanisms of axon regeneration across nerve gaps bridged by TENGs as well as the extent of functional recovery compared to nerve guidance tubes (NGT) or autografts. We established that host axon growth occurred directly along TENG axons, which mimicked the action of "pioneer" axons during development by providing directed cues for accelerated outgrowth. Indeed, axon regeneration rates across TENGs were 3-4 fold faster than NGTs and equivalent to autografts. The infiltration of host Schwann cells - traditional drivers of peripheral axon regeneration - was also accelerated and progressed directly along TENG axons. Moreover, TENG repairs resulted in functional recovery levels equivalent to autografts, with both several-fold superior to NGTs. These findings demonstrate that engineered axon tracts serve as "living scaffolds" to guide host axon outgrowth by a new mechanism - which we term "axon-facilitated axon regeneration" - that leads to enhanced functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika S. Katiyar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Axonova Medical LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura A. Struzyna
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph P. Morand
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Basak Clements
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Franco A. Laimo
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin D. Browne
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Zarina Ali
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Douglas H. Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Axonova Medical LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Axonova Medical LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Chen C, Tian Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Nan L, Dai P, Gao Y, Zheng S, Liu W, Zhang Y. Testosterone propionate can promote effects of acellular nerve allograft-seeded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on repairing canine sciatic nerve. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1685-1701. [PMID: 31267700 DOI: 10.1002/term.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral human nerves fail to regenerate across long tube implants (>2 cm), and tissue-engineered nerve grafts represent a promising treatment alternative. The present study aims to investigate the testosterone propionate (TP) repair effect of acellular nerve allograft (ANA) seeded with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on 3-cm canine sciatic nerve defect. ANA cellularized with allogeneic BMSCs was implanted to the defect, and TP was injected into the lateral crus of the defected leg. The normal group, the autograft group, the ANA + BMSCs group, the ANA group, and the nongrafted group were used as control. Five months postoperatively, dogs in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group were capable of load bearing, normal walking, and skipping, the autograft group and the ANA + BMSCs group demonstrated nearly the same despite a slight limp. The compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) on the injured side to the uninjured site in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group were significantly higher than that in the ANA + BMSCs group [CMAPs ratio at A: F(3, 20) = 191.40; 0.02, CMAPs ratio at B: F(3, 20) = 43.27; 0.01]. Masson trichrome staining revealed that in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group, both the diameter ratio of the myelinated nerve and the thickness ratio of regenerated myelin sheath were significantly larger than that in the other groups [the diameter of myelinated nerve fibers: F(3, 56) = 13.45; P < .01, the thickness ratio of regenerated myelin sheath: F(3, 56) = 51.25; P < .01]. In conclusion, TP could significantly increase the repairing effects of the ANA + BMSCs group, and their combination was able to repair 3-cm canine sciatic nerve defect. It therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangliang Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongping Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Stem cells purified from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest-like cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10071. [PMID: 29968745 PMCID: PMC6030210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for therapeutic cell transplantation have been assessed for use in the treatment of massive peripheral nerve defects. To support safe and efficient cell transplantation, we have focused on the purification of cells using cell surface markers. Our group previously reported low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR)- and thymocyte antigen-1 (THY-1)-positive neural crest-like cells (LT-NCLCs), generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of transplantation of hiPSC-derived LT-NCLCs in a murine massive peripheral nerve defect model. Animals with a sciatic nerve defect were treated with a bridging silicone tube prefilled with LT-NCLCs or medium in the transplantation (TP) and negative control (NC) groups, respectively. The grafted LT-NCLCs survived and enhanced myelination and angiogenesis, as compared to the NC group. Behavioral analysis indicated that motor functional recovery in the TP group was superior to that in the NC group, and similar to that in the autograft (Auto) group. LT-NCLCs promoted axonal regrowth and remyelination by Schwann cells. Transplantation of LT-NCLCs is a promising approach for nerve regeneration treatment of massive peripheral nerve defects.
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Him A, Onger ME, Delibas B. Periferik Sinir Rejenerasyonu ve Kök Hücre Tedavileri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.31832/smj.404819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Nojehdehian H, Moztarzadeh F, Baharvand H, Mehrjerdi NZ, Nazarian H, Tahriri M. Effect of Poly-L-lysine Coating on Retinoic Acid-Loaded PLGA Microspheres in the Differentiation of Carcinoma Stem Cells into Neural Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, PLGA microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Some microspheres were coated with poly-L-lysine (an extracellular matrix (ECM) component), and then pluripotent P19 embryonic carcinoma cells were seeded on them. P19 cells attached onto the PLGA microspheres; subsequently, by adding retinoic acid (RA) to cell culture medium as a neurogenic inducer (RA was released from the microspheres), the cells differentiated into neural cells. Size and morphology of PLGA microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Neurogenic differentiation was studied by immunofluorescent staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and light microscopy. Histological assay showed that more cells attached onto microspheres coated with poly-L-lysine than the uncoated group. Immunofluoresent staining and RT-PCR analysis for β-Tubulin, Nestin and Pax6 genes indicated differentiation of P19 cells into neural cells on both coated and uncoated microspheres. It was found that a high surface area of microspheres improves cell attachment and expansion, which was significantly increased in those coated with poly-L-lysine. Finally, these results highlight the versatility of these sample scaffolds as a model system for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Nojehdehian
- Stem Cell Department, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran - Iran
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran - Iran
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Azad University, Tehran - Iran
| | - Fathollah Moztarzadeh
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran - Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Stem Cell Department, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran - Iran
| | | | - Hamid Nazarian
- Stem Cell Department, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran - Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Tahriri
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran - Iran
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10
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Abstract
Injuries to the peripheral nervous system are major sources of disability and often result in painful neuropathies or the impairment of muscle movement and/or normal sensations. For gaps smaller than 10 mm in rodents, nearly normal functional recovery can be achieved; for longer gaps, however, there are challenges that have remained insurmountable. The current clinical gold standard used to bridge long, nonhealing nerve gaps, the autologous nerve graft (autograft), has several drawbacks. Despite best efforts, engineering an alternative "nerve bridge" for peripheral nerve repair remains elusive; hence, there is a compelling need to design new approaches that match or exceed the performance of autografts across critically sized nerve gaps. Here an immunomodulatory approach to stimulating nerve repair in a nerve-guidance scaffold was used to explore the regenerative effect of reparative monocyte recruitment. Early modulation of the immune environment at the injury site via fractalkine delivery resulted in a dramatic increase in regeneration as evident from histological and electrophysiological analyses. This study suggests that biasing the infiltrating inflammatory/immune cellular milieu after injury toward a proregenerative population creates a permissive environment for repair. This approach is a shift from the current modes of clinical and laboratory methods for nerve repair, which potentially opens an alternative paradigm to stimulate endogenous peripheral nerve repair.
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11
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Aiyelabegan HT, Sadroddiny E. Fundamentals of protein and cell interactions in biomaterials. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:956-970. [PMID: 28178627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and complex microenvironment with outstanding biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical characteristics, which can indirectly or directly controls cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as partaking in regeneration and homeostasis of organs and tissues. The ECM has captivated a great deal of attention with the rapid progress of tissue engineering (TE) in the field of regenerative medicine (RM). Approaches to TE, RM and cancer therapy center on the necessity to deliver cell signals to direct cell proliferation and differentiation. These "external signals" are induced from cell-cell, and cell-ECM, interactions, as well as from physico-chemical, mechanical stimuli and growth factors. With the advent of new biomaterials such as casein, we gave a general insight into cell-ECM protein interactions in biomaterials and their applications in TE, RM and cancer therapy. An account of the main ECM molecules and cellular receptors with emphasis on integrins and its ligands was given, their effect on the induction of particular signal transduction pathways is also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Tanimowo Aiyelabegan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Sivashankari PR, Prabaharan M. Prospects of chitosan-based scaffolds for growth factor release in tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1382-1389. [PMID: 26899174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is concerned about the rejuvenation and restoration of diseased and damages tissues/organs using man-made scaffolds that mimic the native environment of the cells. In recent years, a variety of biocompatible and biodegradable natural materials is employed for the fabrication of such scaffolds. Of these natural materials, chitosan is the most preferred one as it imitates the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cells. Moreover, chitosan-based materials are pro-angiogenic and have antibacterial activity. These materials can be easily fabricated into the desired shape of the scaffolds that are suitable for tissue support and regeneration. Growth factors are small proteins/peptides that support and enhance the growth and differentiation of cells into a specific lineage. It has been observed that scaffolds capable of delivering growth factor promote tissue repair and regeneration at a faster rate when compared to scaffolds without growth factor. The present review focuses on the recent developments on chitosan-based scaffolds for the delivery of growth factors thereby improving and enhancing tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sivashankari
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - M Prabaharan
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai 603 103, India.
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Zhang YG, Sheng QS, Wang ZJ, Lv LI, Zhao W, Chen JM, Xu H. Hydrogen-rich saline promotes motor functional recovery following peripheral nerve autografting in rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:727-732. [PMID: 26622383 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the application of nerve grafts and considerable microsurgical innovations, the functional recovery across a long peripheral nerve gap is generally partial and unsatisfactory. Thus, additional strategies are required to improve nerve regeneration across long nerve gaps. Hydrogen possesses antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, which could be neuroprotective in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury; however, such a possibility has not been experimentally tested in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of hydrogen-rich saline in promoting nerve regeneration after 10-mm sciatic nerve autografting in rats. The rats were randomly divided into two groups and intraperitoneally administered a daily regimen of 5 ml/kg hydrogen-rich or normal saline. Axonal regeneration and functional recovery were assessed through a combination of behavioral analyses, electrophysiological evaluations, Fluoro-Gold™ retrograde tracings and histomorphological observations. The data showed that rats receiving hydrogen-rich saline achieved better axonal regeneration and functional recovery than those receiving normal saline. These findings indicated that hydrogen-rich saline promotes nerve regeneration across long gaps, suggesting that hydrogen-rich saline could be used as a neuroprotective agent for peripheral nerve injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command/Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Song Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command/Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - L I Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command/Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Heredity of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command/Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command/Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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15
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Leibig N, Boyle V, Kraus D, Stark GB, Penna V. Il10 and poly-dl
-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone conduits in critical size nerve defect bridging-An experimental study. Microsurgery 2015; 36:410-416. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Leibig
- Department of Hand; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Centre; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Veronika Boyle
- Clinic for Neurology, Ortenau Klinikum Lahr-Ettenheim; Lahr Germany
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Clinic of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Vincenzo Penna
- Clinic of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
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Seyed Foroutan K, Khodarahmi A, Alavi H, Pedram S, Baghaban Eslaminejad MR, Bordbar S. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and vein conduit on sciatic nerve repair in rats. Trauma Mon 2015; 20:e23325. [PMID: 25825699 PMCID: PMC4362034 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral nerve repair with sufficient functional recovery is an important issue in reconstructive surgery. Stem cells have attracted extensive research interest in recent years. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the vein conduit technique, with and without the addition of mesenchymal stem cells in gap-less nerve injury repair in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three groups: In the first group, nerve repair was performed with simple neurorrhaphy (control group), in the second group, nerve repair was done with vein conduit over site (vein conduit group) and in the third group, bone marrow stem cells were instilled into the vein conduit (stem cell group) after nerve repair with vein conduit over site. Six weeks after the intervention, the sciatic function index, electrophysiological study and histological examination were performed. Results: All animals tolerated the surgical procedures and survived well. The sciatic function index and latency were significantly improved in the vein conduit (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) and stem cell group (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in sciatic function and latency between the vein conduit and stem-cell groups. Moreover, histological analysis showed no significant difference in regenerative density between these two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the meticulous microsurgical nerve repair, which was performed using the vein tubulization induced significantly better sciatic nerve regeneration. However, the addition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to vein conduit failed to promote any significant changes in regeneration outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Seyed Foroutan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Kamal Seyed Foroutan, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188890889, E-mail:
| | - Ali Khodarahmi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Hootan Alavi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sepehr Pedram
- Veterinary Faculty, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sima Bordbar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
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17
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Epineural Tube Repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Chang W, DeVince J, Green G, Shah MB, Johns MS, Meng Y, Yu X. The development of a normalization method for comparing nerve regeneration effectiveness among different graft types. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 18:297-305. [PMID: 24118184 DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inability to compare directly different nerve grafts has been a significant factor hindering the advance of nerve graft development. Due to the abundance of variables that exist in nerve graft construction and multiple assessment types, there has been limited success in comparing nerve graft effectiveness among experiments. Using mathematical techniques on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) autograft data, a normalization function was empirically derived that normalizes differences in gap lengths. Further analysis allowed for the development of the relative regeneration ratio (RRR). The RRR function allows researchers to directly compare nerve graft results based on the NCV data from their respective studies as long as the data was collected at the same post-operation time. This function also allows for comparisons between grafts tested at different gap lengths. Initial testing of this RRR function provided confidence that the function is accurate for a continuum of gap lengths and different nerve graft types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
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Abstract
Autologous nerve grafts are the current criterion standard for repair of peripheral nerve injuries when the transected nerve ends are not amenable to primary end-to-end tensionless neurorrhaphy. However, donor-site morbidities such as neuroma formation and permanent loss of function have led to tremendous interest in developing an alternative to this technique. Artificial nerve conduits have therefore emerged as an alternative to autologous nerve grafting for the repair of short peripheral nerve defects of less than 30 mm; however, they do not yet surpass autologous nerve grafts clinically. A thorough understanding of the complex biological reactions that take place during peripheral nerve regeneration will allow researchers to develop a nerve conduit with physical and biological properties similar to those of an autologous nerve graft that supports regeneration over long nerve gaps and in large-diameter nerves. In this article, the authors assess the currently available nerve conduits, summarize research in the field of developing these conduits, and establish areas within this field in which further research would prove most beneficial.
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Hundepool CA, Nijhuis THJ, Mohseny B, Selles RW, Hovius SER. The effect of stem cells in bridging peripheral nerve defects: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2014; 121:195-209. [PMID: 24816327 DOI: 10.3171/2014.4.jns131260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECT.: For decades the gold standard for reconstructing a large peripheral nerve defect has been, and remains, the nerve autograft. Alternatives to the nerve autograft include biological conduits and vessels. Adding stem cells in the lumen of a nerve conduit has been the subject of multiple studies. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to summarize animal experimental studies on the effect of stem cells as a luminal additive when reconstructing a peripheral nerve defect with a nerve graft. METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed from inception to April 2012, searching for animal experiments on peripheral nerve reconstruction models in which a nerve conduit was used with and without the support of 3 different types of stem cells. Stem cells were analyzed according to their origin: bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other origins. Included studies had consistent outcome measurements: walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Forest plots of the 3 outcome measurements (walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology) showed positive effects of stem cells on the regeneration of peripheral nerves at different time points. Almost all comparisons showed significant differences for all 3 stem cells groups compared with a control group in which stem cells were not used. CONCLUSIONS The present report systematically analyzed the different studies that used stem cells as a luminal additive when bridging a large peripheral nerve defect. All 3 different stem cell groups showed a beneficial effect when used in the reconstruction compared with control groups in which stem cells were not used.
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Ecto-Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Facial Process: Potential for Muscle Regeneration. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:615-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Sakar M, Korkusuz P, Demirbilek M, Cetinkaya DU, Arslan S, Denkbaş EB, Temuçin ÇM, Bilgiç E, Hazer DB, Bozkurt G. The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental sciatic nerve damage. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:685-96. [PMID: 24350993 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.876636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque-Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constituted, the gap was repaired with autologous nerve graft (autograft group), PHBHHx nerve graft alone (PHBHHx alone group), and PHBHHx nerve graft with hMSCs inside (PHBHHx with hMSC group), respectively. The results were evaluated with functional recovery, electrophysiological evaluation, and histological evaluation either with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. In functional evaluation, autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups showed functional improvement with time, whereas PHBHHx alone group did not. Electrophysiological evaluation showed better results in autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups when compared to PHBHHx alone group. There was no statistical difference between autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups. Histological evaluation showed regenerated axons in each group. Autograft group was better than the others, and PHBHHx with hMSC group was better than PHBHHx alone group both for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. This study showed that the nerve grafts which were prepared from PHBHHx with oriented nanofiber three-dimensional surfaces aided to nerve regeneration, either used alone or with hMSC. PHBHHx provided better nerve regeneration when used with hMSCs inside than alone, and reached the same statistical treatment effect in functional evaluation and electrophysiological evaluation when compared to autografting.
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23
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IN VITRO PROPERTIES OF NEURAL CREST-DERIVED MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS FROM A BULGE REGION OF WHISKER FOLLICLE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech7.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhao W, Yu W, Zheng J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang D. Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:43-50. [PMID: 24052168 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). Cell adhesion and proliferation were observed, and cell apoptosis was measured. The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. Cells in the chitosan/collagen group were typically round, with an unclear cytoskeleton. The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. No significant difference in the proportion of living cells was detected among the three groups. After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. There were significant differences in early apoptosis among the three groups. These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. Compared with chitosan/collagen composites, early adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were increased on chitosan/collagen+CNTs. However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China,
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25
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Zhang YG, Sheng QS, Qi FY, Hu XY, Zhao W, Wang YQ, Lan LF, Huang JH, Luo ZJ. Schwann cell-seeded scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels for reconstruction of sciatic nerve in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1767-1780. [PMID: 23512154 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To provide a more permissive environment for axonal regeneration, Schwann cells (SCs) were introduced into a collagen-chitosan scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels (L-CCH). The SC-seeded scaffold was then used for reconstruction of a 15-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. The axonal regeneration and functional recovery were examined by a combination of walking track analysis, electrophysiological assessment, Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing, as well as morphometric analyses to both regenerated axons and target muscles. The findings showed that SCs adhered and migrated into the L-CCH scaffold and displayed a longitudinal arrangement in vitro. Axonal regeneration as well as functional recovery was in the similar range between SCs-seeded scaffold and autograft groups, which were superior to those in L-CCH scaffold alone group. These indicate that the SCs-seeded L-CCH scaffold, which resembles the microstructure as well as the permissive environment of native peripheral nerves, holds great promise in nerve regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Liu J, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Sun X, Cao X, Gong A, Cui Y, He Q, Jiang P. Fibrin scaffolds containing ectomesenchymal stem cells enhance behavioral and histological improvement in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:35-46. [PMID: 23774080 DOI: 10.1159/000351665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin has been widely used in wound healing. However, its benefit for spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of fibrin scaffolds containing ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) on histological and behavioral recovery after SCI and compared it with fibrin alone. To achieve this, EMSCs derived from adult rat nasal respiratory mucosa were cultured, characterized and transfected with green fluorescent protein adenovirus before transplantation. Then, Sprague-Dawley host rats were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (laminectomy); the SCI group (laminectomy and transection of spinal cords); the fibrin group (fibrin was transplanted immediately after SCI), and the fibrin cell (FC) group (fibrin scaffolds containing EMSCs were transplanted after SCI). Three days after the operation, a TUNEL assay indicated less apoptotic cells in the FC group than in the fibrin group. Two weeks after SCI, fluorescence staining demonstrated not only the survival and migration of EMSCs into the lesion sites, but also a higher number of nerve fibers in the FC group than in the fibrin group. Histological examination including immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy 12 weeks after the operation showed more nerve fibers and a thicker myelin sheath in the FC group compared to the fibrin group. Western blotting confirmed these morphological results. Consistent with the histological results, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scores of the FC group were higher than those of the fibrin group. These results suggest that fibrin scaffolds containing EMSCs can improve the behavioral and histological recovery after SCI better than fibrin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, PR China.
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Nie X, Deng M, Yang M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wen X. Axonal Regeneration and Remyelination Evaluation of Chitosan/Gelatin-Based Nerve Guide Combined with Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Schwann Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:163-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abidian MR, Daneshvar ED, Egeland BM, Kipke DR, Cederna PS, Urbanchek MG. Hybrid conducting polymer-hydrogel conduits for axonal growth and neural tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184828 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Successfully and efficiently bridging peripheral nerve gaps without the use of autografts is a substantial clinical advance for peripheral nerve reconstructions. Novel templating methods for the fabrication of conductive hydrogel guidance channels for axonal regeneration are designed and developed. PEDOT is electrodeposited inside the lumen to create fully coated-PEDOT agarose conduits and partially coated-PEDOT agarose conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Abidian
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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29
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Wen X, Liu L, Deng M, Zhang L, Liu R, Xing Y, Zhou X, Nie X. Characterization of p75+ ectomesenchymal stem cells from rat embryonic facial process tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Effect of modulating macrophage phenotype on peripheral nerve repair. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8793-801. [PMID: 22979988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve repair across long gaps remains clinically challenging despite progress made with autograft transplantation. While scaffolds that present trophic factors and extracellular matrix molecules have been designed, matching the performance of autograft-induced repair has been challenging. In this study, we explored the effect of cytokine mediated 'biasing' of macrophage phenotypes on Schwann cell (SC) migration and axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage phenotype was successfully modulated by local delivery of either Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or Interleukin-4 (IL-4) within polymeric nerve guidance channels, polarizing them toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-healing (M2a and M2c) phenotypes, respectively. The initial polarization of macrophages to M2a and M2c phenotype results in enhanced SC infiltration and substantially faster axonal growth in a critically-sized rat sciatic nerve gap model (15 mm). The ratio of pro-healing to pro-inflammatory population of macrophages (CD206+/CCR7+), defined as regenerative bias, demonstrates a linear relationship with the number of axons at the distal end of the nerve scaffolds. The present results clearly suggest that rather than the extent of macrophage presence, their specific phenotype at the site of injury regulates the regenerative outcomes.
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31
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do Nascimento-Elias AH, Fresnesdas BC, Schiavoni MCL, de Almeida NFG, Santos AP, de Oliveira Ramos J, Junior WM, Barreira AA. Identification of adequate vehicles to carry nerve regeneration inducers using tubulisation. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:100. [PMID: 22889258 PMCID: PMC3512473 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal regeneration depends on many factors, such as the type of injury and repair, age, distance from the cell body and distance of the denervated muscle, loss of surrounding tissue and the type of injured nerve. Experimental models use tubulisation with a silicone tube to research regenerative factors and substances to induce regeneration. Agarose, collagen and DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) can be used as vehicles. In this study, we compared the ability of these vehicles to induce rat sciatic nerve regeneration with the intent of finding the least active or inert substance. The experiment used 47 female Wistar rats, which were divided into four experimental groups (agarose 4%, agarose 0.4%, collagen, DMEM) and one normal control group. The right sciatic nerve was exposed, and an incision was made that created a 10 mm gap between the distal and proximal stumps. A silicone tube was grafted onto each stump, and the tubes were filled with the respective media. After 70 days, the sciatic nerve was removed. We evaluated the formation of a regeneration cable, nerve fibre growth, and the functional viability of the regenerated fibres. RESULTS Comparison among the three vehicles showed that 0.4% agarose gels had almost no effect on provoking the regeneration of peripheral nerves and that 4% agarose gels completely prevented fibre growth. The others substances were associated with profuse nerve fibre growth. CONCLUSIONS In the appropriate concentration, agarose gel may be an important vehicle for testing factors that induce regeneration without interfering with nerve growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno César Fresnesdas
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Lopes Schiavoni
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Santos
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean de Oliveira Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques Junior
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amilton Antunes Barreira
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ghoreishian M, Rezaei M, Beni BH, Javanmard SH, Attar BM, Zalzali H. Facial nerve repair with Gore-Tex tube and adipose-derived stem cells: an animal study in dogs. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 71:577-87. [PMID: 22868036 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Synthetic conduits have been considered a viable option in nerve reconstructive procedures. They address the goal of entubulization and eliminate the disadvantages of autografts. However, despite all successful reports, none has contained regeneration characteristics, such as growth factors or essential cells, for nerve repair. The authors evaluated the capability of adipose-derived stem cells in Gore-Tex tubes to enhance facial nerve repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the autogenous adipose tissues of 7 mongrel dogs. The frontal branch of the facial nerve was transected. A gap size of 7 mm was repaired with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tube filled with undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel. The control sides were repaired with the tube and alginate alone. The healing phase was 12 weeks. RESULTS Except in 2 control sides, an organized neural tissue was formed within the tubes. Compared with the normal nerve diameter, there was a decreased ratio of 29% and 39% in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Neurofilament-positive axon counts were 67% of normal values in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference between groups in histomorphometric parameters. Nerve conduction velocity in the experimental group (28.5 ± 3.5 m/s) was significantly greater than in the control group (16.2 ± 7 m/s). The experimental group also exhibited a greater maximal amplitude of action potential (1.86 ± 0.24 mV) than the control group (1.45 ± 0.49 mV). CONCLUSIONS Addition of stem cells in the Gore-Tex tube enhanced the neural repair from a functional standpoint. However, for better functional and histologic results, differentiated Schwann cells and other mediators may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghoreishian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Penna V, Wewetzer K, Munder B, Stark GB, Lang EM. The long-term functional recovery of repair of sciatic nerve transection with biogenic conduits. Microsurgery 2012; 32:377-82. [PMID: 22434585 DOI: 10.1002/micr.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term regenerative capacity over a 15-mm nerve gap of an autologous nerve conduit, the biogenic conduit (BC), 16 weeks after sciatic nerve transection in the rat. METHODS A 19-mm long polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube was implanted parallely to the sciatic nerve. After implantation, a connective tissue cover developed around the PVC-tube, the so-called BC. After removal of the PVC-tube the BCs filled with fibrin (n = 8) were compared to autologous nerve grafts (n = 8). Sciatic functional index (SFI) was evaluated every 4 weeks, histological evaluation was performed at 16 weeks postimplantation. Regenerating axons were visualized by retrograde labelling. RESULTS SFI revealed no significant differences. Nerve area and axon number in the BC group were significantly lower than in the autologous nerve group (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). Analysis of myelin formation showed no significant difference in both groups. Analysis of N-ratio revealed lower values in the BC group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reveals the suitability of BC for nerve gap bridging over a period of 16 weeks with functional recovery to comparable extent as the autologous nerve graft despite impaired histomorphometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Penna
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
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Ding T, Lu WW, Zheng Y, Li ZY, Pan HB, Luo Z. Rapid repair of rat sciatic nerve injury using a nanosilver-embedded collagen scaffold coated with laminin and fibronectin. Regen Med 2011; 6:437-47. [PMID: 21749202 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Scaffold with micro-channels has shown great promise in facilitating axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Significant research has focused on mimicking, in terms of composition and function, the ability of the basement membrane of Schwann cells to both promote and guide axonal regeneration. We aim to investigate the ability of a tissue-engineered scaffold with nanosilver and collagen to adsorb laminin and fibronectin, and the usefulness of this scaffold for repairing and regenerating a 10-mm peripheral nerve gap in rats. METHODS In this study, nanosilver-embedded collagen scaffolds were prepared and coated with laminin (LN) or LN plus fibronectin (FN). Scanning electron microscopy of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the scaffold revealed axially oriented microtubules ranging from 20 to 80 µm in diameter, and the internal surface of microtubules was found to be evenly coated with LN and FN. Energy dispersive spectrometry also confirmed an even distribution of nanosilver particles within the scaffold. To test its effectiveness in restoring neuronal connection, the scaffold was used in order to bridge 10 mm gaps in the severed sciatic nerve of rats. The rats were divided into an experimental group (receiving scaffold coated with LN and FN), a control group (receiving scaffold coated with LN only) and an autologous graft group. The functional recovery 40 days after surgery was examined by electrophysiology and sciatic nerve functional index (SFI) evaluation. FluoroGold™ (FG) retrograde tracing, toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were also used to examine the regenerated nerve fibers and to establish their myelination status. RESULTS The experimental group displayed partially restored nerve function. The recovery was comparable to the effect of autologous nerve graft and was better than that observed in the control group. A better functional recovery correlated with more FG-labeled neurons, higher density of toluidine blue stained nerve fibers and thicker myelin sheath. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that nanosilver-embedded collagen scaffolds with LN and FN coating is effective in aiding axonal regeneration, and recovery is comparable to the effect of an autologous nerve graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ding
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Pabari A, Yang SY, Mosahebi A, Seifalian AM. Recent advances in artificial nerve conduit design: Strategies for the delivery of luminal fillers. J Control Release 2011; 156:2-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Aravamudhan S, Bellamkonda RV. Toward a Convergence of Regenerative Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Neuroprosthetics. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:2329-47. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Aravamudhan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ravi V. Bellamkonda
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Peripheral Nerve Defect Repair With Epineural Tubes Supported With Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Ann Plast Surg 2011; 67:73-84. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e318223c2db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Non-viral genetic transfection of rat Schwann cells with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is feasible but impairs cell viability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:225-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1740925x11000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:To determine transfection efficiency of FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection on rat Schwann cells (SC).Methods:The ischiadic and median nerves of 6-8 week old Lewis rats were cultured in modified melanocyte-growth medium. SCs were genetically transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene using FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection. Transfection rates were determined by visualization of GFP fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy and cell counting. Transfected cell to non-transfected cell relation was determined.Results:Purity of Schwann cell culture was 88% as determined by immunohistologic staining. Transfection rate of FuGENE HD© lipofection was 2%, transfection rate of AMAXA© nucleofection was 10%. With both methods, Schwann cells showed pronounced aggregation behavior which made them unfeasible for further cultivation. Settling of Schwann cells on laminin and poly-l-ornithine coated plates was compromised by either method.Conclusion:Non-viral transfection of rat SC with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is basically possible with a higher transfection rate for nucleofection than for lipofection. As cell viability is compromised by either method however, viral transfection is to be considered if higher efficiency is required.
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Petrova ES. Studies of histogenetic and neurodegenerative processes in the nervous system using heterotopic neurotransplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 40:823-32. [PMID: 20680478 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-010-9333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to summarize our own experimental and published data on neurotransplantation into ectopic sites such as peripheral nerves (mainly) and the anterior chamber of the eye in rats. The review addresses questions touching on the following problems: the histogenesis and survival of nervous tissue after transplantation, the interaction between transplanted tissues with recipient tissues, assessment of long-term living transplants, simultaneous transplantation of different embryonic rudiments, transplantation of spinal cord ganglia, and the effects of trophic factors on the development of transplants. New data on stem cell transplantation into peripheral nerves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Petrova
- Department of General and Specific Morphology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, North West Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kraus A, Täger J, Kohler K, Manoli T, Haerle M, Werdin F, Hoffmann J, Schaller HE, Sinis N. Efficacy of Various Durations ofIn VitroPredegeneration on the Cell Count and Purity of Rat Schwann-Cell Cultures. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:197-203. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kraus
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Täger
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Kohler
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Theodora Manoli
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Max Haerle
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Markgroeningen, Germany
| | - Frank Werdin
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Eberhard Schaller
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Nektarios Sinis
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tüebingen, Germany
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Wang L, Wang ZH, Shen CY, You ML, Xiao JF, Chen GQ. Differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown in terpolyesters of 3-hydroxyalkanoates scaffolds into nerve cells. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1691-8. [PMID: 19962755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, abbreviated as PHA, have been studied for medical applications due to their suitable mechanical properties, blood and tissue tolerance and in vivo biodegradability. As a new member of PHA family, terpolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate, abbreviated as PHBVHHx, was compared with polylactic acid (PLA), copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx) for their respective functions leading to differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) into nerve cells. Results indicated that 3D scaffolds promoted the differentiation of hBMSC into nerve cells more intensively compared with 2D films. Smaller pore sizes of scaffolds increased differentiation of hBMSC into nerve cells, whereas decreased cell proliferation. PHBVHHx scaffolds with pore sizes of 30-60 microm could be used in nerve tissue engineering for treatment of nerve injury. The above results were supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscopy observation on attachment and growth of hBMSCs on PLA, PHBHHx and PHBVHHx, and by CCK-8 evaluation of cell proliferation. In addition, expressions of nerve markers nestin, GFAP and beta-III tubulin of nerve cells differentiated from hBMSC grown in PHBVHHx scaffolds were confirmed by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
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Sinis N, Kraus A, Tselis N, Haerle M, Werdin F, Schaller HE. Functional recovery after implantation of artificial nerve grafts in the rat- a systematic review. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2009; 4:19. [PMID: 19852862 PMCID: PMC2770034 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare functional data of different nerve-gap bridging materials evaluated in rat experiments by means of a systematic review. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted, searching MEDLINE, HTS and CENTRAL to identify all trials evaluating functional recovery of artificial nerve conduits in the rat model. Results There was a trend towards a favourable outcome of conduits coated with Schwann-cells compared to the plain synthetics. Histomorphometry, electrophysiology and muscle-weight correlated poorly with functional outcome. Conclusion Schwann-cell coated conduits showed promising results concerning functional recovery. Further standardization in outcome reporting is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Sinis
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Armin Kraus
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tselis
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Hospital of Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, D-63069 Offenbach, Germany
| | - Max Haerle
- Dept of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Markgroeningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10 D-71706 Markgroeningen, Germany
| | - Frank Werdin
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Eberhard Schaller
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Jiang X, Lim SH, Mao HQ, Chew SY. Current applications and future perspectives of artificial nerve conduits. Exp Neurol 2009; 223:86-101. [PMID: 19769967 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nerve guide conduits have the advantage over autografts in terms of their availability and ease of fabrication. However, clinical outcomes associated with the use of artificial nerve conduits are often inferior to that of autografts, particularly over long lesion gaps. There have been significant advances in the designs of artificial nerve conduits over the years. In terms of materials selection and design, a wide variety of new synthetic polymers and biopolymers have been evaluated. The inclusion of nerve conduit lumen fillers has also been demonstrated as essential to enable nerve regeneration across large defect gaps. These lumen filler designs have involved the integration of physical cues for contact guidance and biochemical signals to control cellular function and differentiation. Novel conduit architectural designs using porous and fibrous substrates have also been developed. This review highlights the recent advances in synthetic nerve guide designs for peripheral nerve regeneration, and the in vivo applicability and future prospects of these nerve guide conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.2-B2-20, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Huang JH, Cullen DK, Browne KD, Groff R, Zhang J, Pfister BJ, Zager EL, Smith DH. Long-term survival and integration of transplanted engineered nervous tissue constructs promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1677-85. [PMID: 19231968 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral nerve injury is a common consequence of trauma or surgery, there are insufficient means for repair. In particular, there is a critical need for improved methods to facilitate regeneration of axons across major nerve lesions. Here, we engineered transplantable living nervous tissue constructs to provide a labeled pathway to guide host axonal regeneration. These constructs consisted of stretch-grown, longitudinally aligned living axonal tracts inserted into poly(glycolic acid) tubes. The constructs (allogenic) were transplanted to bridge an excised segment of sciatic nerve in the rat, and histological analyses were performed at 6 and 16 weeks posttransplantation to determine graft survival, integration, and host regeneration. At both time points, the transplanted constructs were found to have maintained their pretransplant geometry, with surviving clusters of graft neuronal somata at the extremities of the constructs spanned by tracts of axons. Throughout the transplanted region, there was an intertwining plexus of host and graft axons, suggesting that the transplanted axons mediated host axonal regeneration across the lesion. By 16 weeks posttransplant, extensive myelination of axons was observed throughout the transplant region. Further, graft neurons had extended axons beyond the margins of the transplanted region, penetrating into the host nerve. Notably, this survival and integration of the allogenic constructs occurred in the absence of immunosuppression therapy. These findings demonstrate the promise of living tissue-engineered axonal constructs to bridge major nerve lesions and promote host regeneration, potentially by providing axon-mediated axonal outgrowth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Basics and Current Approaches to Tissue Engineering in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/wnq.0b013e3181a361c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yan H, Zhang F, Chen MB, Lineaweaver WC. Chapter 10 Conduit Luminal Additives for Peripheral Nerve Repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 87:199-225. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hsu SH, Su CH, Chiu IM. A Novel Approach to Align Adult Neural Stem Cells on Micropatterned Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Feasibility Study. Artif Organs 2009; 33:26-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hu S, Shen X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang W, Deng Z, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Chen J, Ge G, Xuan K, Zhang X, Jin Y. Development of rat antigen-presenting cells from pluripotent ecto-mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3818-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Grosheva M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Arnhold S, Skouras E, Kuerten S, Streppel M, Angelova SK, Wewetzer K, Radtke C, Dunlop SA, Angelov DN. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation does not improve quality of muscle reinnervation or recovery of motor function after facial nerve transection in rats. Biol Chem 2008; 389:873-88. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, we devised and validated a novel strategy in rats to improve the outcome of facial nerve reconstruction by daily manual stimulation of the target muscles. The treatment resulted in full recovery of facial movements (whisking), which was achieved by reducing the proportion of pathologically polyinnervated motor endplates. Here, we posed whether manual stimulation could also be beneficial after a surgical procedure potentially useful for treatment of large peripheral nerve defects, i.e., entubulation of the transected facial nerve in a conduit filled with suspension of isogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in collagen. Compared to control treatment with collagen only, entubulation with BM-MSCs failed to decrease the extent of collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and did not improve functional recovery. Post-operative manual stimulation of vibrissal muscles also failed to promote a better recovery following entubulation with BM-MSCs. We suggest that BM-MSCs promote excessive trophic support for regenerating axons which, in turn, results in excessive collateral branching at the lesion site and extensive polyinnervation of the motor endplates. Furthermore, such deleterious effects cannot be overridden by manual stimulation. We conclude that entubulation with BM-MSCs is not beneficial for facial nerve repair.
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