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Chitturi Suryaprakash RT, Shearston K, Farah CS, Fox SA, Iqbal MM, Kadolsky U, Zhong X, Saxena A, Kujan O. A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044096. [PMID: 36835505 PMCID: PMC9967961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model. RNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptomic analysis to validate the model and assess carcinogen-induced changes. The VEGF inhibitors pazopanib and lenvatinib were tested in the model and were validated by a 3D invasion assay, which demonstrated that changes induced by the carcinogen in spheroids were consistent with a malignant phenotype. Further validation was obtained by bioinformatic analyses, which showed the enrichment of pathways associated with hallmarks of cancer and VEGF signalling. Overexpression of common genes associated with tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), such as MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, YAP1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, was also observed. Pazopanib and lenvatinib inhibited the invasion of transformed spheroids. In summary, we successfully established a 3D spheroid model of oral carcinogenesis for biomarker discovery and drug testing. This model is a validated preclinical model for OSCC development and would be suitable for testing a range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Simon A. Fox
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Early-onset oral cancer as a clinical entity: aetiology and pathogenesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1497-1509. [PMID: 35487818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important medical and socio-economic problems in many of the developed countries worldwide, due to the high mortality. The incidence of OSCC among individuals under 45 years of age is growing every year; however, the aetiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This review summarizes the available information regarding clinicopathological features, extrinsic and intrinsic aetiological factors, and the molecular and immune landscape of early-onset OSCC. This cancer shows high recurrence rates and is not associated with the aetiological factors specific to adult-onset OSCC. Young adults with OSCC are not infected with human papillomavirus and rarely consume alcohol or tobacco, but more frequently use smokeless tobacco. Data from single studies indicate the hereditary nature of early-onset OSCC: the KIR2DL1+-HLA-C2+ genotype and MMP-1 2 G allele are frequently detected in young patients. Early-onset OSCC shows specific genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes. The tumour microenvironment in early-onset OSCC is tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. All of the data suggest that OSCC in young patients is a separate clinical entity with a specific aetiology and pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to reveal the causes and molecular targets of early-onset OSCC for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Kaminagakura E, Tango RN, Cruz-Perez D, Bonan R, Yamamoto de Almeida L, de Almeida Lança ML, Bonan P, Martins H, Takahama A, Ito FA, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Lourenço SV, Caneppele T, Sikora AG, Kowalski LP, Young S. Oral squamous cell carcinoma outcome in adolescent/young adult: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck 2021; 44:548-561. [PMID: 34808012 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To perform a systematic review focusing on the prognosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients (≤40 years old) compared to older (>40 years old). Four databases were used in our search strategy. First, all titles were systematically organized using the Covidence platform online. In the second phase, 118 full texts of potentially eligible studies were analyzed by reviewers independently and in pairs. Twelve studies were considered eligible for data extraction. The relapse was higher in the young than in controls (pooled relative risk (RR) = 1.31; 95% CI [1.10-1.56]). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was worse in young group (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73; 95% CI [0.63-0.85]) but the 5-year overall survival (OS) estimate was similar between the groups (pooled HR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.70-1.00]). While the 5-year OS was similar between groups, the number of relapses and 5-year DFS were worse in patients with OSCC ≤40 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Kaminagakura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rubens Nisie Tango
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Danyel Cruz-Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bonan
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia de Almeida Lança
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bonan
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Hélder Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ademar Takahama
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio Augusto Ito
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Taciana Caneppele
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Prognostic Implications of ALDH1 and Notch1 in Different Subtypes of Oral Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6663720. [PMID: 33854547 PMCID: PMC8020805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of the immunoexpression of cancer stem cell markers, ALDH1 and Notch1, in subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods The expression of ALDH1 and Notch1 in 63 patients with well and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas and their subtypes, verrucous carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The semi-quantitative analysis of the ALDH1 and Notch immunoexpression levels, based on the capture of 10 microscopic fields, at 400X magnification, at the invasive tumor front was performed and associated with clinicopathological variables using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The overall and disease-free survival rates were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared using the log-rank test. The independent effects of variables were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results Strong ALDH1 and Notch1 expression was observed in 16 (25.4%) and 27 (42.9%) oral squamous cell carcinomas including their subtypes, respectively. Most tumors with strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 were basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (56.3%). Statistically significant associations were observed between the strong immunoexpression of Notch1 in poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma with perineural infiltration (p = 0.011) and lymph node involvement (pN+) (p = 0.034). The strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 was a prognostic factor associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.040) for patients with oral cancer. Conclusion The strong immunoexpression of Notch1 can contribute to identification of patients with poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, who have perineural infiltration or lymph node metastasis. In addition, the strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 may help to identify a worse prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and their subtypes.
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Evidence of Association of CYP1A1 Expression in Blood Lymphocytes and Clinicopathological Variables in Oral Cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 37:178-184. [PMID: 35463108 PMCID: PMC8993998 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with oral cancer is well documented. The nitrosamines of SLT are metabolically bioactivated by CYP1A1. Therefore, in this pilot study, we investigated association of CYP1A1 expression with polymorphism, clinicopathological variables and outcome in exclusive SLT chewers. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis on RNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 65 histopathologically confirmed cases revealed increased CYP1A1 mRNA expression in Msp I (CYP1A1*2A) and Ile/Val (CYP1A1*2C) polymorphic variants. A higher trend of CYP1A1 mRNA levels in invasive and recurrent tumors which also associated with shorter disease free and overall survival was seen. Odds ratio analysis indicated the association of higher CYP1A1 mRNA levels with disease aggressiveness i.e. metastasis and invasion. Study revealed wider oncogenic role of CYP1A1 in oral cancer patients and justifies further studies and analysis in a large cohort.
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Different Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases 1A1 and 2 in Oral Leukoplakia With Epithelial Dysplasia and in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 27:537-542. [PMID: 29189260 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may develop malignant characteristics and transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a range of 1% to 2% of cases. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with carcinogenesis, but its mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. ALDH1A1 and 2, isoenzymes responsible for aldehyde oxidation involved in ethanol metabolism may be associated with the development of malignant head and neck neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 in oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia (OLP) and OSCC. A retrospective study was conducted on 27 cases of OLP and 30 cases of OSCC. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and all cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe for OLP, and well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated for OSCC cases. The ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 expression in OLP and OSCC was evaluated by the immunohistochemical technique. There was predominance of the male sex, in both OLP and OSCC cases. Oral tongue was the most affected site in both groups. OLP showed positive protein expression of ALDH1A1 in all cases, both basal and suprabasal epithelial layers, whereas ALDH2 showed less protein expression. In OSCC, the immunohistochemical reaction for ALDH1A1 expression was negative in 70%, whereas ALDH2 expression was positive in all cases. This study demonstrated the gradual loss of ALDH1A1 expression in OSCC in comparison with OLP, and the increased ALDH2 expression in OSCC.
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Tomo S, Neto SC, Collado FU, Sundefeld ML, Bernabé DG, Biasoli ÉR, Miyahara GI. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: a 26-year clinicopathologic retrospective study in a Brazilian specialized center. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e416-e424. [PMID: 32134900 PMCID: PMC7211379 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the clinicopathologic profile of young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compare to middle-aged and elderly adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients' individual records were reviewed for clinicopathologic data. Eighty-nine patients with age 18-45 years old met the inclusion criteria of the study. Two additional groups of middle-aged (n=89) and old (n=89) adults were set to comparative analysis. RESULTS Young patients represented 11.9% of all patients diagnosed with HNSCC. Women were more affected by HNSCC in the young and elder groups (p= 0.04), and young patients were more prone to be non-smokers (p= 0.01) and have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p=0.04). In the young group, patients diagnosed with the disease in advanced stages were more prone to have a positive familial history of cancer (p= 0.04), a positive status of alcohol consumption (p= 0.03), and to be heavy drinkers (p= 0.01). Survival was not different for the young group in comparison to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC in young patients had a different profile when compared to older patients, especially regarding sex and exposure to the classic risk factors for this disease. The survival of the young group is similar to the older groups and advanced clinical stage is predictor of worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tomo
- Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University - UNESP José Bonifácio Street, 1193, Araçatuba São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
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dos Santos Costa SF, Brennan PA, Gomez RS, Fregnani ER, Santos-Silva AR, Martins MD, de Castro-Junior G, Rahimi S, Fonseca FP. Molecular basis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: Is it any different from older patients? J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:541-546. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferreira dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro-Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina; Clinical Oncology; Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Siavash Rahimi
- Department of Histopathology; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Wang YJ, Lin JF, Cheng LH, Chang WT, Kao YH, Chang MM, Wang BJ, Cheng HC. Pterostilbene prevents AKT-ERK axis-mediated polymerization of surface fibronectin on suspended lung cancer cells independently of apoptosis and suppresses metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:72. [PMID: 28327179 PMCID: PMC5361845 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymeric fibronectin (polyFN) assembled on suspended breast cancer cells is required for metastasis. Conceivably, drugs that target such polyFN may fight against cancer metastasis. While stilbene analogs trigger pro-apoptotic effect on attached cancer cells, whether they prevent polyFN assembly and metastasis of suspended cancer cells via an apoptosis-independent manner remains unexplored. Methods We depleted suspended Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells of polyFN by silencing the endogenous FN expression or pterostilbene (PS) to examine whether metastasis of lung cancer cells could thus be suppressed. We investigated whether PS regulates AKT-ERK signaling axis to suppress polyFN assembly in suspended LLC cells independently of apoptosis. We tested the therapeutic effects of orally administered PS against cancer metastasis. Results Both FN-silencing and PS among the three stilbenoids indeed significantly reduced polyFN assembly and lung metastasis of suspended LLC cells in an apoptosis-independent manner. Mechanistically, PS-induced AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) and suppressed ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in suspended LLC cells, whereas pretreatment with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, effectively reduced pAKT, rescued pERK, and consequently reversed the PS-suppressed polyFN assembly on LLC cells; these pretreatment effects were then overturned by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Indeed, PS-suppressed lung metastasis was counteracted by LY294002, which was further overruled with U0126. Finally, we found that PS, when orally administered in experimental metastasis assays, both significantly prevented lung colonization and metastasis of LLC cells and reduced the already established tumor growth in the mouse lungs. Conclusions PS suppressed AKT/ERK-regulated polyFN assembly on suspended LLC cells and pulmonary metastasis. PS possesses potency in both preventing and treating lung metastasis of lung cancer cells in apoptosis-independent and apoptosis-dependent manners, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0441-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Fang Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Dong TT, Wang LJ, Liu LZ, Ma SN. Susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with variants of CYP1A1-MspI, GSTT1, GSTM1, ALDH2, EC-SOD and Lifestyle factors. Balkan J Med Genet 2016; 19:61-70. [PMID: 28289590 PMCID: PMC5343332 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the association between polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1-MspI, EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase), GSTT1, GSTM1, ALDH2), cigarette and alcohol consumption, and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma, we conducted a prospective case-control study comprised of 750 individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 750 healthy individuals. Data about smoking and drinking habits were collected along with other demographic and clinical information. Peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) were used to determine genotypes of CYP1A1, EC-SOD, GSTT1, GSTM1, ALDH2. The results showed that smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly more common among patients than controls (p <0.05). There were significant differences in the genotype distribution for each locus between groups, with the CYP1A1 (m2/ m2), EC-SOD (C/G), GSTT1 [-], GSTM1 [-] and ALDH2 (non G/G) genotypes being more common among patients (p <0.05). Furthermore, the majority of patients had at least two or more variant genotypes, while controls had one or no variant genotype (p <0.05). Finally, multiple variant genotypes combined with smoking, drinking, or both smoking and drinking significantly increased the risk of OSCC, with greater increase for heavier smoking/drinking. In brief, genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1, EC-SOD, GSTT1, GSTM1, and ALDH2 and smoking and drinking history are closely associated with susceptibility to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-T Dong
- General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - L-J Wang
- General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - L-Z Liu
- General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - S-N Ma
- General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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