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Basco LK. Cultivation of Asexual Intraerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogens 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 37513747 PMCID: PMC10384318 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successfully developed in 1976, the continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum has many applications in the field of malaria research. It has become an important experimental model that directly uses a human pathogen responsible for a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and is a major source of biological material for immunological, biochemical, molecular, and pharmacological studies. Until present, the basic techniques described by Trager and Jensen and Haynes et al. remain unchanged in many malaria research laboratories. Nonetheless, different factors, including culture media, buffers, serum substitutes and supplements, sources of erythrocytes, and conditions of incubation (especially oxygen concentration), have been modified by different investigators to adapt the original technique in their laboratories or enhance the in vitro growth of the parasites. The possible effects and benefits of these modifications for the continuous cultivation of asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, as well as future challenges in developing a serum-free cultivation system and axenic cultures, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Basco
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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2
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Al-Nazal H, Low L, Kumar S, Good MF, Stanisic DI. A vaccine for human babesiosis: prospects and feasibility. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:904-918. [PMID: 35933301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites. It is a well-known illness in companion animals and livestock, resulting in substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. Babesiosis is also recognized as an emerging zoonosis of humans in many countries worldwide. There is no vaccine against human babesiosis. Currently, preventive measures are focused on vector avoidance. Although not always effective, treatment includes antimicrobial therapy and exchange transfusion. In this review, we discuss the host's immune response to the parasite, vaccines being used to prevent babesiosis in animals, and lessons from malaria vaccine development efforts to inform the development of a human babesiosis vaccine. An effective human vaccine would be a significant advance towards curtailing this rapidly emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Nazal
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Low
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Centre for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle I Stanisic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Wunderlich J. Updated List of Transport Proteins in Plasmodium falciparum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:926541. [PMID: 35811673 PMCID: PMC9263188 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a leading cause of death and disease in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to the alarming spread of resistance to almost all available antimalarial drugs, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. As the intracellular human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends entirely on the host to meet its nutrient requirements and the majority of its transmembrane transporters are essential and lack human orthologs, these have often been suggested as potential targets of novel antimalarial drugs. However, membrane proteins are less amenable to proteomic tools compared to soluble parasite proteins, and have thus not been characterised as well. While it had been proposed that P. falciparum had a lower number of transporters (2.5% of its predicted proteome) in comparison to most reference genomes, manual curation of information from various sources led to the identification of 197 known and putative transporter genes, representing almost 4% of all parasite genes, a proportion that is comparable to well-studied metazoan species. This transporter list presented here was compiled by collating data from several databases along with extensive literature searches, and includes parasite-encoded membrane-resident/associated channels, carriers, and pumps that are located within the parasite or exported to the host cell. It provides updated information on the substrates, subcellular localisation, class, predicted essentiality, and the presence or absence of human orthologs of P. falciparum transporters to quickly identify essential proteins without human orthologs for further functional characterisation and potential exploitation as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Juliane Wunderlich,
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4
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Mathew R, Wunderlich J, Thivierge K, Cwiklinski K, Dumont C, Tilley L, Rohrbach P, Dalton JP. Biochemical and cellular characterisation of the Plasmodium falciparum M1 alanyl aminopeptidase (PfM1AAP) and M17 leucyl aminopeptidase (PfM17LAP). Sci Rep 2021; 11:2854. [PMID: 33536500 PMCID: PMC7858622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum M1 alanyl aminopeptidase and M17 leucyl aminopeptidase, PfM1AAP and PfM17LAP, are potential targets for novel anti-malarial drug development. Inhibitors of these aminopeptidases have been shown to kill malaria parasites in culture and reduce parasite growth in murine models. The two enzymes may function in the terminal stages of haemoglobin digestion, providing free amino acids for protein synthesis by the rapidly growing intra-erythrocytic parasites. Here we have performed a comparative cellular and biochemical characterisation of the two enzymes. Cell fractionation and immunolocalisation studies reveal that both enzymes are associated with the soluble cytosolic fraction of the parasite, with no evidence that they are present within other compartments, such as the digestive vacuole (DV). Enzyme kinetic studies show that the optimal pH of both enzymes is in the neutral range (pH 7.0-8.0), although PfM1AAP also possesses some activity (< 20%) at the lower pH range of 5.0-5.5. The data supports the proposal that PfM1AAP and PfM17LAP function in the cytoplasm of the parasite, likely in the degradation of haemoglobin-derived peptides generated in the DV and transported to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rency Mathew
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada ,grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Juliane Wunderlich
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada ,grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karine Thivierge
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada ,grid.434819.30000 0000 8929 2775Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Canada
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK ,grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Centre for One Health & Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Claire Dumont
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Leann Tilley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Petra Rohrbach
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - John P. Dalton
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada ,grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK ,grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Centre for One Health & Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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5
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Investigating a Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion phenotype switch at the whole transcriptome level. Sci Rep 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 31937828 PMCID: PMC6959351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role that erythrocyte invasion plays in Plasmodium falciparum survival and reproduction makes this process an attractive target for therapeutic or vaccine development. However, multiple invasion-related genes with complementary and overlapping functions afford the parasite the plasticity to vary ligands used for invasion, leading to phenotypic variation and immune evasion. Overcoming the challenge posed by redundant ligands requires a deeper understanding of conditions that select for variant phenotypes and the molecular mediators. While host factors including receptor heterogeneity and acquired immune responses may drive parasite phenotypic variation, we have previously shown that host-independent changes in invasion phenotype can be achieved by continuous culturing of the W2mef and Dd2 P. falciparum strains in moving suspension as opposed to static conditions. Here, we have used a highly biologically replicated whole transcriptome sequencing approach to identify the molecular signatures of variation associated with the phenotype switch. The data show increased expression of particular invasion-related genes in switched parasites, as well as a large number of genes encoding proteins that are either exported or form part of the export machinery. The genes with most markedly increased expression included members of the erythrocyte binding antigens (EBA), reticulocyte binding homologues (RH), surface associated interspersed proteins (SURFIN), exported protein family 1 (EPF1) and Plasmodium Helical Interspersed Sub-Telomeric (PHIST) gene families. The data indicate changes in expression of a repertoire of genes not previously associated with erythrocyte invasion phenotypes, suggesting the possibility that moving suspension culture may also select for other traits.
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6
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Géry A, Basco LK, Heutte N, Guillamin M, N'Guyen HMT, Richard E, Garon D, Eldin de Pécoulas P. Long-Term In vitro Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in a Novel Cell Culture Device. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:822-827. [PMID: 30693863 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard in vitro cultivation procedure for Plasmodium falciparum requires gas exchange and a microaerophilic atmosphere. A novel system using a commercially available cell culture device (Petaka G3™; Celartia Ltd., Powell, OH) was assessed for long-term cultivation of a P. falciparum reference laboratory clone in normal air. Parasite growth during 30 days was similar, or better, in Petaka G3 than that in the standard cultivation method with gas exchange in a CO2 incubator. The successful cultivation of P. falciparum in the Petaka G3 device suggests that low O2 content available in hemoglobin and dissolved gas in the blood is sufficient for long-term cultivation. This finding may open the way to novel methods to cultivate and adapt P. falciparum field isolates to in vitro conditions with more ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Géry
- Centre François Baclesse, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UR ABTE EA 4651, Caen, France
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA 3832, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Marilyne Guillamin
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Plateau de Cytométrie en Flux, ICORE, Caen, France.,Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
| | - Ho-Mai-Thy N'Guyen
- Centre François Baclesse, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UR ABTE EA 4651, Caen, France
| | - Estelle Richard
- Centre François Baclesse, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UR ABTE EA 4651, Caen, France
| | - David Garon
- Centre François Baclesse, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UR ABTE EA 4651, Caen, France
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7
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Pawliw R, Farrow R, Sekuloski S, Jennings H, Healer J, Phuong T, Sathe P, Pasay C, Evans K, Cowman AF, Schofield L, Chen N, McCarthy J, Trenholme K. A bioreactor system for the manufacture of a genetically modified Plasmodium falciparum blood stage malaria cell bank for use in a clinical trial. Malar J 2018; 17:283. [PMID: 30081913 PMCID: PMC6080485 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the use of induced blood stage malaria infection has proven to be a valuable tool for testing the efficacy of vaccines and drugs against Plasmodium falciparum, a limiting factor has been the availability of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)—compliant defined P. falciparum strains for in vivo use. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective method for the large-scale production of P. falciparum cell banks suitable for use in clinical trials. Methods Genetically-attenuated parasites (GAP) were produced by targeted deletion of the gene encoding the knob associated histidine rich protein (kahrp) from P. falciparum strain 3D7. A GAP master cell bank (MCB) was manufactured by culturing parasites in an FDA approved single use, closed system sterile plastic bioreactor. All components used to manufacture the MCB were screened to comply with standards appropriate for in vivo use. The cryopreserved MCB was subjected to extensive testing to ensure GMP compliance for a phase 1 investigational product. Results Two hundred vials of the GAP MCB were successfully manufactured. At harvest, the GAP MCB had a parasitaemia of 6.3%, with 96% of parasites at ring stage. Testing confirmed that all release criteria were met (sterility, absence of viral contaminants and endotoxins, parasite viability following cryopreservation, identity and anti-malarial drug sensitivity of parasites). Conclusion Large-scale in vitro culture of P. falciparum parasites using a wave bioreactor can be achieved under GMP-compliant conditions. This provides a cost-effective methodology for the production of malaria parasites suitable for administration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pawliw
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Farrow
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Silvana Sekuloski
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Jennings
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Healer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thuan Phuong
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pri Sathe
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cielo Pasay
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Krystal Evans
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan F Cowman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louis Schofield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Nanhua Chen
- Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine Trenholme
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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8
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Meng Y, Sun J, Hu T, Ma Y, Du T, Kong C, Zhang G, Yu T, Piao H. Rapid expansion in the WAVE bioreactor of clinical scale cells for tumor immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2516-2526. [PMID: 29847223 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1480241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy using natural killer (NK) cells, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) is emerging as a potential novel approach in the auxiliary treatment of a tumor. However, non-standard operation procedure, small-scale cell number, or human error may limit the clinical development of cell-based immunotherapy. To simplify clinical scale NK cells, CIK cells and DCs expansions, we investigated the use of the WAVE bioreactor, a closed system bioreactor that utilizes active perfusion to generate high cell numbers in minimal volumes. We developed an optimized rapid expansion protocol for the WAVE bioreactor that produces clinically relevant number of cells for our adoptive cell transfer clinical protocols. The high proliferative rate, surface phenotypes, and cytotoxicity of these immune cells, as well as the safety of cultivation were analyzed to illuminate the effect of WAVE bioreactor. The results demonstrated that the benefit of utilizing modern WAVE bioreactors in cancer immunotherapy was simple, safe, and flexible production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Jing Sun
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Tingting Hu
- b Department of Blood Bank , Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Yushu Ma
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Tiaozhao Du
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Cuicui Kong
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Tao Yu
- c Department of Medical Image , Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- a Central laboratory, Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China.,d Department of Neurosurgery , Cancer hospital of China medical university , Shenyang , China
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Demanga CG, Eng JWL, Gardiner DL, Roth A, Butterworth A, Adams JH, Trenholme KR, Dalton JP. The development of sexual stage malaria gametocytes in a Wave Bioreactor. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:216. [PMID: 28464929 PMCID: PMC5414375 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blocking malaria gametocyte development in RBCs or their fertilization in the mosquito gut can prevent infection of the mosquito vector and passage of disease to the human host. A ‘transmission blocking’ strategy is a component of future malaria control. However, the lack of robust culture systems for producing large amounts of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes has limited our understanding of sexual-stage malaria biology and made vaccine or chemotherapeutic discoveries more difficult. Methods The Wave BioreactorTM 20/50 EHT culture system was used to develop a convenient and low-maintenance protocol for inducing commitment of P. falciparum parasites to gametocytogenesis. Culture conditions were optimised to obtain mature stage V gametocytes within 2 weeks in a large-scale culture of up to a 1 l. Results We report a simple method for the induction of gametocytogenesis with N-acetylglucosamine (10 mM) within a Wave Bioreactor. By maintaining the culture for 14–16 days as many as 100 million gametocytes (stage V) were produced in a 1 l culture. Gametocytes isolated using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) columns were frozen in aliquots for storage. These were revitalised by thawing and shown to retain their ability to exflagellate and infect mosquitoes (Anopheles stephansi). Conclusions The production of gametocytes in the Wave Bioreactor under GMP-compliant conditions will not only facilitate cellular, developmental and molecular studies of gametocytes, but also the high-throughput screening for new anti-malarial drugs and, possibly, the development of whole-cell gametocyte or sporozoite-based vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2155-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine G Demanga
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Jenny W L Eng
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Donald L Gardiner
- Malaria Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Alice Butterworth
- Malaria Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John H Adams
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia
| | - Katharine R Trenholme
- Malaria Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3 V9, Canada. .,School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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10
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Rojas-Martínez C, Rodríguez-Vivas R, Figueroa Millán J, Acosta Viana K, Gutiérrez Ruiz E, Álvarez Martínez J. Putrescine: Essential factor for in vitro proliferation of Babesia bovis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 175:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Kadwell SH, Overton LK. Protein Expression in Insect and Mammalian Cells Using Baculoviruses in Wave Bioreactors. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1350:263-284. [PMID: 26820862 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many types of disposable bioreactors for protein expression in insect and mammalian cells are now available. They differ in design, capacity, and sensor options, with many selections available for either rocking platform, orbitally shaken, pneumatically mixed, or stirred-tank bioreactors lined with an integral disposable bag (Shukla and Gottschalk, Trends Biotechnol 31(3):147-154, 2013). WAVE Bioreactors™ were among the first disposable systems to be developed (Singh, Cytotechnology 30:149-158, 1999). Since their commercialization in 1999, Wave Bioreactors have become routinely used in many laboratories due to their ease of operation, limited utility requirements, and protein expression levels comparability to traditional stirred-tank bioreactors. Wave Bioreactors are designed to use a presterilized Cellbag™, which is attached to a rocking platform and inflated with filtered air provided by the bioreactor unit. The Cellbag can be filled with medium and cells and maintained at a set temperature. The rocking motion, which is adjusted through angle and rock speed settings, provides mixing of oxygen (and CO2, which is used to control pH in mammalian cell cultures) from the headspace created in the inflated Cellbag with the cell culture medium and cells. This rocking motion can be adjusted to prevent cell shear damage. Dissolved oxygen and pH can be monitored during scale-up, and samples can be easily removed to monitor other parameters. Insect and mammalian cells grow very well in Wave Bioreactors (Shukla and Gottschalk, Trends Biotechnol 31(3):147-154, 2013). Combining Wave Bioreactor cell growth capabilities with recombinant baculoviruses engineered for insect or mammalian cell expression has proven to be a powerful tool for rapid production of a wide range of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue H Kadwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Laurie K Overton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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12
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Malaria proteomics: insights into the parasite-host interactions in the pathogenic space. J Proteomics 2013; 97:107-25. [PMID: 24140976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is improving malaria research by providing global information on relevant protein sets from the parasite and the host in connection with its cellular structures and specific functions. In the last decade, reports have described biologically significant elements in the proteome of Plasmodium, which are selectively targeted and quantified, allowing for sensitive and high-throughput comparisons. The identification of molecules by which the parasite and the host react during the malaria infection is crucial to the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Hence, proteomics is playing a major role by defining the elements within the pathogenic space between both organisms that change across the parasite life cycle in association with the host transformation and response. Proteomics has identified post-translational modifications in the parasite and the host that are discussed in terms of functional interactions in malaria parasitism. Furthermore, the contribution of proteomics to the investigation of immunogens for potential vaccine candidates is summarized. The malaria-specific technological advances in proteomics are particularly suited now for identifying host-parasite interactions that could lead to promising targets for therapy, diagnosis or prevention. In this review, we examine the knowledge gained on the biology, pathogenesis, immunity and diagnosis of Plasmodium infection from recent proteomic studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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13
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Demanga CG, Eng J, Dalton JP. A novel method for large-scale culture of Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stage and gametocytes in a Wave Bioreactor cell culture system. Malar J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3472666 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-s1-p22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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