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Smoleński M, Muschert S, Haznar-Garbacz D, Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K. Nanoemulsion Loaded with Clotrimazole Based on Rapeseed Oil for Potential Vaginal Application-Development, Initial Assessment, and Pilot Release Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051437. [PMID: 37242679 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is an emerging global hardly treated health issue affecting millions of women worldwide. In this study, the nanoemulsion consisting of clotrimazole (CLT), rapeseed oil, Pluronic F-68, Span 80, PEG 200, and lactic acid was prepared using high-speed and high-pressure homogenization. Yielded formulations were characterized by an average droplet size of 52-56 nm, homogenous size distribution by volume, and a polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.2. The osmolality of nanoemulsions (NEs) fulfilled the recommendations of the WHO advisory note. NEs were stable throughout 28 weeks of storage. The stationary and dynamic (USP apparatus IV) pilot study of the changes of free CLT over time for NEs, as well as market cream and CLT suspension as references, were conducted. Test results of the changes in the amount of free CLT released from the encapsulated form were not coherent; in the stationary method, NEs yielded up to 27% of the released CLT dose within 5 h, while in the USP apparatus IV method, NEs released up to 10% of the CLT dose. NEs are promising carriers for vaginal drug delivery in the treatment of VC; however, further development of the final dosage form and harmonized release or dissolution testing protocols are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Smoleński
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Haznar-Garbacz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Seddari S, Ben Seghier NEW, Moulai-Mostefa N. Formulation and characterization of W/O/W crystallizable double emulsions stabilized by OSA starch/xanthan gum mixture as drug delivery systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2116714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Seddari
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Nour El Wiam Ben Seghier
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Nadji Moulai-Mostefa
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
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3
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Rehman A, Feng J, Qunyi T, Korma SA, Assadpour E, Usman M, Han W, Jafari SM. Pesticide-loaded colloidal nanodelivery systems; preparation, characterization, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102552. [PMID: 34717205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fast developments in pesticide-loaded nanodelivery systems over the last decade have inspired many companies and research organizations to highlight potential applications by employing encapsulation approaches in order to protect the agricultural crops. This approach is being used to retard the indiscriminate application of conventional pesticides, as well as, to make ensure the environmental safety. This article shed light on the potential of colloidal delivery systems, particularly controlled releasing profiles of several pesticides with enhanced stability and improved solubility. Colloidal nanodelivery systems, being efficient nanoformulations, have the ability to boost up the pest-control competence for prolonged intervals thru averting the early degradation of active ingredients under severe ecofriendly circumstances. This work is thus aimed to provide critical information on the meaningful role of nanocarriers for loading of pesticides. The smart art of pesticide-loaded nanocarriers can be more fruitful owing to the use of lower amount of active ingredients with improved efficiency along with minimizing the pesticide loss. Also, the future research gaps regarding nano-pesticide formulations, such as role of nanomaterials as active ingredients are discussed briefly. In addition, this article can deliver valuable information to the readers while establishing novel pesticide-loaded nanocarriers for a wide range of applications in the agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Tong Qunyi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 114 El-Zeraa Road, Zagazig 44511, Sharkia, Egypt; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, Ourense E-32004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126455. [PMID: 34208652 PMCID: PMC8233730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations associated with vaginal administration of drugs, e.g., the short contact time of the drug form with the mucosa or continuous carrier wash-out, the development of new carriers for gynecological use is necessary. Furthermore, high individual anatomical and physiological variability resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic active substances requires application of multicompartment drug delivery systems. This manuscript provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature on emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms (EVDF) including macroemulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. The first part of the paper discusses (i) the influence of anatomical-physiological conditions on therapeutic efficacy of drug forms after local and systemic administration, (ii) characterization of EVDF components and the manufacturing techniques of these dosage forms and (iii) methods used to evaluate the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms. The second part of the paper presents (iv) the results of biological and in vivo studies as well as (v) clinical evaluation of EVDF safety and therapeutic efficacy across different indications.
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Rodrigues EM, de Carvalho Teixeira AVN, Cesar DE, Tótola MR. Strategy to improve crude oil biodegradation in oligotrophic aquatic environments: W/O/W fertilized emulsions and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1159-1168. [PMID: 32078731 PMCID: PMC7455643 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsions. These emulsions were developed using seawater, canola oil, surfactants, and mineral salts as sources of NPK. The emulsions were used in the simulation of hydrocarbon bioremediation in oligotrophic sea water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated by CO2 emissions from microcosms. We also evaluated the release of inorganic nutrients and the stability of the emulsion's droplets. The double emulsions improved CO2 emission from the microcosms, suggesting the increase in the hydrocarbon biodegradation. Mineral nutrients were gradually released from the emulsions supporting the hydrocarbon biodegradation. This was attributed to the formation of different diameters of droplets and therefore, varying stabilities of the droplets. Addition of the selected hydrocarbonoclastic isolates simulating bioaugmentation improved the hydrocarbon biodegradation. We conclude that the nutrient-rich W/O/W emulsion developed in this study is an effective biostimulation agent for bioremediation in oligotrophic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmo Montes Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE - campus Camocim, Camocim, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia Molecular de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério Tótola
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Emulsification of non-aqueous foams stabilized by fat crystals: Towards novel air-in-oil-in-water food colloids. Food Chem 2019; 293:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Soft multiple emulsions demonstrating reversible freeze-thawing capacity and enhanced skin permeability of diclofenac sodium. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Nollet M, Laurichesse E, Besse S, Soubabère O, Schmitt V. Determination of Formulation Conditions Allowing Double Emulsions Stabilized by PGPR and Sodium Caseinate to Be Used as Capsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2823-2833. [PMID: 29406736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), a lipophilic food grade small polymer, and sodium caseinate, a hydrophilic milk protein, were developed to encapsulate vitamin B12, a model hydrophilic substance easy to titrate. Using rheology, sensitive to drop size evolution and water fluxes, static light scattering, and microscopy both giving the evolution of drops' size and vitamin B12 titration assessing the encapsulation, we were able to detect independently the double emulsion drop size, the encapsulation loss, and the flux of water as a function of time. By differentiating the PGPR required to cover the W1-droplets' surface from PGPR in excess in the oil phase, we built a PGPR-inner droplet volume fraction diagram highlighting the domains where the double emulsion is stable toward encapsulation and/or water fluxes. We demonstrated the key role played by nonadsorbed PGPR concentration in the intermediate sunflower oil phase on the emulsion stability while, surprisingly, the inner droplet volume fraction had no effect on the emulsion stability. At low PGPR concentration, a release of vitamin B12 was observed and the leakage mechanism of coalescence between droplets and oil-water interface of the oily drops (also called globules hereafter), was identified using confocal microscopy. For high enough PGPR content, the emulsions were stable and may therefore serve as efficient capsules without need of an additional gelling, thickening, complexion or interface rigidifying agent. We generalized these results with the encapsulation of an insecticide: Cydia pomonella granulovirus used in organic arboriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nollet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Laurichesse
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Samantha Besse
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Olivier Soubabère
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Véronique Schmitt
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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9
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Vasiljevic D, Djuris J, Jakimenko S, Ibric S. Application of the fractional factorial design in multiple W/O/W emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1278551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vasiljevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djuris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Jakimenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ibric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Herzi S, Essafi W. Different magnesium release profiles from W/O/W emulsions based on crystallized oils. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 509:178-188. [PMID: 28898738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions based on crystallized oils were prepared and the release kinetics of magnesium ions from the internal to the external aqueous phase was investigated at T=4°C, for different crystallized lipophilic matrices. All the emulsions were formulated using the same surface-active species, namely polyglycerol polyricinoleate (oil-soluble) and sodium caseinate (water-soluble). The external aqueous phase was a lactose or glucose solution at approximately the same osmotic pressure as that of the inner droplets, in order to avoid osmotic water transfer phenomena. We investigated two types of crystallized lipophilic systems: one based on blends of cocoa butter and miglyol oil, exploring a solid fat content from 0 to 90% and the other system based on milk fat fractions for which the solid fat content varies between 54 and 86%. For double emulsions based on cocoa butter/miglyol oil, the rate of magnesium release was gradually lowered by increasing the % of fat crystals i.e. cocoa butter, in agreement with a diffusion/permeation mechanism. However for double emulsions based on milk fat fractions, the rate of magnesium release was independent of the % of fat crystals and remains the one at t=0. This difference in diffusion patterns, although the solid content is of the same order, suggests a different distribution of fat crystals within the double globules: a continuous fat network acting as a physical barrier for the diffusion of magnesium for double emulsions based on cocoa butter/miglyol oil and double globule/water interfacial distribution for milk fat fractions based double emulsions, through the formation of a crystalline shell allowing an effective protection of the double globules against diffusion of magnesium to the external aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Herzi
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique, Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia; Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Essafi
- Laboratoire Matériaux, Traitement et Analyse, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique, Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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11
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Zhu Q, Feng L, Saito M, Yin L. Preparation and characterization of W/O/W double emulsions containing MgCl2. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1318076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lijun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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On the pressure balance and the resulting phase fraction in compressed multiple emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Nollet M, Mercé M, Laurichesse E, Pezon A, Soubabère O, Besse S, Schmitt V. Water fluxes and encapsulation efficiency in double emulsions: impact of emulsification and osmotic pressure unbalance. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3412-3424. [PMID: 26936127 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm03089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of the emulsification process on encapsulation efficiency of drugs in double water-in-oil-in-water emulsions. Two drugs were used, first vitamin B12 which can be considered as a model drug and secondly a suspension of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV), a virus used in organic agriculture to protect fruits against the Carpocapse insect. Encapsulation is measured by classical UV-Vis spectroscopy method. Additionally we show that rheology is a useful tool to determine water exchanges during emulsification. In a two-step emulsification process, using rotor-stator mixers, encapsulation reaches high levels, close to 100% whatever the flowing regime. This encapsulation decreases only if two conditions are fulfilled simultaneously: (i) during the second emulsification step the flow is turbulent and (ii) it leads to excessive fragmentation inducing formation of too small drops. We also investigate the effect of a deliberate loss of osmotic pressure balance on the encapsulation and characterize the induced water fluxes. We show that encapsulation of vitamin B12 is not affected by the osmotic pressure unbalance, while water exchanges, if they exist, are very fast and aim at restoring equilibrium. As a consequence, the emulsification efficiency is not very sensitive to osmotic stresses provided that the interfaces resist mechanically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nollet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Manuel Mercé
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Eric Laurichesse
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Annaïck Pezon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Olivier Soubabère
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Samantha Besse
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Véronique Schmitt
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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Ilić JD, Nikolovski BG, Lončarević IS, Petrović JS, Bajac BM, Vučinić-Vasić M. Release Properties and Stability of Double W1/O/W2Emulsions Containing Pumpkin Seed Oil. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena D. Ilić
- Faculty of Technology , University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, R. Serbia
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Kadri HEL, Gun R, Overton TW, Bakalis S, Gkatzionis K. Modulating the release of Escherichia coli in double W1/O/W2 emulsion globules under hypo-osmotic pressure. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial release from double W1/O/W2 emulsion globules under hypo-osmotic pressure is described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim W. Overton
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UK
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection
- University of Birmingham
- UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Gkatzionis
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UK
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection
- University of Birmingham
- UK
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16
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El Kadri H, Overton T, Bakalis S, Gkatzionis K. Understanding and controlling the release mechanism of Escherichia coli in double W1/O/W2emulsion globules in the presence of NaCl in the W2phase. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The results suggest that release of bacteria from W1/O/W2emulsion can be controlled by varying the formulation. Release occurs due to oil globule bursting independent to diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Overton
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UK
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection University of Birmingham
- UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Gkatzionis
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UK
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection University of Birmingham
- UK
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17
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18
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Saeidy S, Keramat J, Nasirpour A. Microencapsulation of Calcium Using Water-in-Oil-in-Water Double Emulsion Method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.788453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Herzi S, Essafi W, Bellagha S, Leal-Calderon F. Influence of the inner droplet fraction on the release rate profiles from multiple W/O/W emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Jaimes-Lizcano YA, Wang Q, Rojas EC, Papadopoulos KD. Evaporative destabilization of double emulsions for effective triggering of release. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Sameh H, Wafa E, Sihem B, Fernando LC. Influence of diffusive transport on the structural evolution of W/O/W emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:17597-17608. [PMID: 23176152 DOI: 10.1021/la303469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Double emulsions of the W/O/W type are compartmented materials suitable for encapsulation and sustained release of hydrophilic compounds. Initially, the inner aqueous droplets contain an encapsulated compound (EC), and the external phase comprises an osmotic regulator (OR). Over time, water and the solutes dissolved in it tend to be transferred from one aqueous compartment to the other across the oil phase. Water transfer being by far the fastest process, osmotic equilibration of two compartments is permanently ensured. Since the transport of the EC and OR generally occurs at dissimilar rates, the osmotic regulation process provokes a continuous flux of water that modifies the inner and outer volumes. We fabricated W/O/W emulsions stabilized by a couple of amphiphilic polymers, and we measured the inward and outward diffusion kinetics of the solutes. The phenomenology was explored by varying the chemical nature of the OR while keeping the same EC or vice versa. Microscope observations revealed different evolution scenarios, depending on the relative rates of transfer of the EC and OR. Structural evolution was mainly determined by the permeation ratio between the EC and the OR, irrespective of their chemical nature. In particular, a regime leading to droplet emptying was identified. In all cases, evolution was due to diffusion/permeation phenomena and coalescence was marginal. Results were discussed within the frame of a simple mean-field model taking into account the diffusive transfer of the solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herzi Sameh
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique, Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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22
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23
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Koga K, Nishimon Y, Ito T, Hatanaka J. Preparation method for solubilizing poorly oil-soluble compound in oil phase and the sustained release characteristics after subcutaneous administration in rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Moulai-Mostefa N, Boumenir A. Formulation of a Stable Multiple Emulsion via a One-Step Process Using Surface Properties of the Mixed Emulsifiers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903542941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Tsai C, Lin LH, Wu CS, Kwan CC. Surface properties of lithospermum-containing multiple phase emulsion systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bonnet M, Cansell M, Placin F, David-Briand E, Anton M, Leal-Calderon F. Influence of ionic complexation on release rate profiles from multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7762-7769. [PMID: 20545343 DOI: 10.1021/jf100917w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were prepared, and the kinetics of release of magnesium ions from the internal to the external water phase was followed. Different chelating agents (phosvitin and gluconate) were used to bind magnesium within the prospect of improving the ion retention in the internal aqueous droplets. Magnesium release was monitored for 1 month of storage, for each formulation, with and without chelation, at two storage temperatures (4 and 25 degrees C). Leakage occurred without film rupturing (coalescence) and was mainly due to entropically driven diffusion/permeation phenomena. The experimental results revealed a clear correlation between the effectiveness of chelating agents to delay the delivery and their binding capacity characterized by the equilibrium affinity constant. The kinetic data (percent released versus time curves) were interpreted within the framework of a kinetic model based on diffusion and taking into account magnesium chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bonnet
- Université Bordeaux 1, TREFLE UMR CNRS 8508, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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Bonnet M, Cansell M, Placin F, Anton M, Leal-Calderon F. Impact of sodium caseinate concentration and location on magnesium release from multiple W/O/W emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9250-9260. [PMID: 20297776 DOI: 10.1021/la100078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were prepared and the rate of release of magnesium ions from the internal to the external aqueous phase was followed. Sodium caseinate was used not only as a hydrophilic surface-active species but also as a chelating agent able to bind magnesium ions. The release occurred without film rupturing (no coalescence). The kinetics of the release process depended on the location (in only one or in both aqueous compartments) and on the concentration of sodium caseinate. The rate of release increased with the concentration of sodium caseinate in the external phase and decreased when sodium caseinate was present in the inner droplets. The experiments were interpreted within the frame of a mean-field model based on diffusion, integrating the effect of ion binding. The data could be adequately fitted by considering a time-dependent permeation coefficient of the magnesium ions across the oil phase. Our results suggested that ion permeability was influenced by the state of the protein interfacial layers which itself depended on the extent of magnesium binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bonnet
- Université Bordeaux 1, TREFLE UMR CNRS 8508, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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29
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Influence of the oil globule fraction on the release rate profiles from multiple W/O/W emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Release of electrolytes from W/O/W double emulsions stabilized by a soluble complex of modified pectin and whey protein isolate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Effect of calcium salts and surfactant concentration on the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions prepared with polyglycerol polyricinoleate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 341:101-8. [PMID: 19822323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to obtain water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions with polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) as emulsifier and to study the effect of the addition of calcium in the dispersed aqueous phase on the stability of these systems. Emulsions were formulated with 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0% w/w PGPR and 10% w/w water containing calcium chloride at varied concentrations or other salts (calcium lactate or carbonate; sodium, magnesium or potassium chloride). The stability of these systems was studied with a vertical scan analyzer during 15 days; coalescence and sedimentation were observed as simultaneous destabilization processes. The increase of PGPR concentration and/or calcium chloride content gave more stable emulsions. The stabilizing effect of calcium salt was attributed to the diminution of the water droplets size, the decrease of the attractive force between water droplets and the increase of the adsorption density of the emulsifier. The viscoelastic parameters of the interfacial film were decreased with increasing calcium and PGPR concentrations. Calcium chloride produced a higher increase of stability than calcium salts with lower dissociation degree. The presence of any assayed salt in the aqueous phase also allowed the stabilization of w/o emulsions with higher water contents.
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Wang S, Yang R, Yao H, Zhou G, Zhang Y, Yang B, Ng L, Yan M. In vivo lymphatic targeting of methylene blue with microemulsion and multiple microemulsion. Drug Deliv 2009; 16:371-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540903075644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Soussan E, Cassel S, Blanzat M, Rico-Lattes I. Wirkstofftransport mit weicher Materie: Matrix- und Vesikelvektoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Soussan E, Cassel S, Blanzat M, Rico-Lattes I. Drug Delivery by Soft Matter: Matrix and Vesicular Carriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:274-88. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Rheological and droplet size analysis of W/O/W multiple emulsions containing low concentrations of polymeric emulsifiers. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0907801v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple emulsions are complex dispersion systems which have many potential applications in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and the food industry. In practice, however, significant problems may arise because of their thermodynamic instability. In this study, W/O/W multiple emulsion systems containing low concentration levels of lipophilic polymeric primary emulsifiers cetyl dimethicone copolyol and PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate were evaluated. The concentrations of the primary emulsifiers were set at 1.6 and 2.4 % w/w in the final emulsions. Rheological and droplet size analysis of the investigated samples showed that the type and concentration of the primary lipophilic polymeric emulsifier markedly affected the characteristics of the multiple emulsions. The multiple emulsion prepared with 2.4 % w/w PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate as the primary emulsifier exhibited the highest apparent viscosity, yield stress and elastic modulus values, as well as the smallest droplet size. Furthermore, these parameters remained relatively constant over the study period, confirming the high stability of the investigated sample. The results obtained indicate that the changes observed in the investigated samples over time could be attributed to the swelling/breakdown mechanism of the multiple droplets. Such changes could be adequately monitored by rheological and droplet size analysis.
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37
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Rojas EC, Staton JA, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Temperature-induced protein release from water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7154-60. [PMID: 18543998 PMCID: PMC2692321 DOI: 10.1021/la703974n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A model water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion was prepared by a two-step emulsification procedure and subsequently subjected to temperature changes that caused the oil phase to freeze and thaw while the two aqueous phases remained liquid. Our previous work on individual double-emulsion globules1 demonstrated that crystallizing the oil phase (O) preserves stability, while subsequent thawing triggers coalescence of the droplets of the internal aqueous phase (W1) with the external aqueous phase (W2), termed external coalescence. Activation of this instability mechanism led to instant release of fluorescently tagged bovine serum albumin (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-BSA) from the W 1 droplets and into W2. These results motivated us to apply the proposed temperature-induced globule-breakage mechanism to bulk double emulsions. As expected, no phase separation of the emulsion occurred if stored at temperatures below 18 degrees C (freezing point of the model oil n-hexadecane), whereas oil thawing readily caused instability. Crucial variables were identified during experimentation, and found to greatly influence the behavior of bulk double emulsions following freeze-thaw cycling. Adjustment of these variables accounted for a more efficient release of the encapsulated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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38
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Ozer O, Ozyazici M, Tedajo M, Taner MS, Köseoglu K. W/O/W multiple emulsions containing nitroimidazole derivates for vaginal delivery. Drug Deliv 2007; 14:139-45. [PMID: 17454033 DOI: 10.1080/10717540601067463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to formulate a stable multiple emulsions containing two nitroimidazole derivates, metronidazole (MT) and ornidazole (OR), for vaginal therapy. MT and OR were located internal and external phases of multiple emulsion, respectively, and the in vitro release studies were realized in phosphate (pH 7) and lactate buffer (pH 4.5) solutions to investigate better the effect of pH and location of active substance on the release. The imaging studies were realized in rabbits following labeling MT and OR with Technethium-99m ((99m)Tc) to evaluate the in vivo absorption characteristics. The percentage of MT and OR released from the multiple emulsions in alkaline media were 3.2- and 2.8-fold greater than that observed in acidic media, respectively, when they were introduced in the internal phase of the multiple emulsions. The absorption rate of MT from vaginal epithelium was faster than OR. We observed that especially in alkaline medium a high release was found that was convenient for the vaginal infections seen in the alkaline pH. We concluded that W/O/W multiple emulsions were locally effective in vagina and they could be introduced as a new drug carrier system for vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgen Ozer
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
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40
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Rojas EC, Papadopoulos KD. Induction of instability in water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions by freeze-thaw cycling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6911-7. [PMID: 17521202 DOI: 10.1021/la063533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double-emulsion globules loaded with fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) were optically monitored within cylindrical capillaries during freeze-thaw cycling. Coalescence of internal aqueous droplets (W1) and external aqueous phase (W2), termed external coalescence, was not observed before or during freezing of the oil phase (O). On the other hand, this instability mechanism was readily promoted during thawing. This realization confirms the previously suggested potential of W1/O/W2 double emulsions to trigger release upon oil thawing and demonstrates that it is a direct result of globule breakage through external coalescence. The presented results also identified a threshold in the relative W1 droplet size above which instability occurred, while smaller droplets remained unperturbed and therefore indicate that optimization of the delivery can be achieved by tuning the size of W1 droplets. In addition, we propose a possible explanation for the occurrence of instability during oil thawing and its dependence on the size of W1 droplets. Because this alternative globule-breakage mechanism simply uses temperature increase (solid-to-liquid-phase transition) as external stimulus, W1/O/W2 double-emulsion delivery systems can be easily tailored by choosing an oil phase with the appropriate phase-transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Paiphansiri U, Tangboriboonrat P, Landfester K. Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing an Antiseptic Agent Obtained by Controlled Nanoprecipitation onto Water-in-Oil Miniemulsion Droplets. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:33-40. [PMID: 16374768 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The modified nanoprecipitation of polymers onto stable nanodroplets has been successfully applied to prepare well-defined nanocapsules whose core is composing of an antiseptic agent, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution. The stable nanodroplets were obtained by inverse miniemulsions with an aqueous antiseptic solution dispersed in an organic medium of solvent/nonsolvent mixture containing an oil-soluble surfactant and the polymer for the shell formation. The change of gradient of the solvent/nonsolvent mixture of dichloromethane/cyclohexane, obtained by heating at 50 degrees C, led to the precipitation of the polymer in the organic continuous phase and deposition onto the large interface of the aqueous miniemulsion droplets. The monodisperse polymer nanocapsules with the size range of 240-80 nm were achieved as a function of the amount of surfactant. Using various polymer contents, molecular weights and types, an encapsulation efficiency of 20-100% was obtained as detected by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) measurements. The nanocapsules could be easily transferred into water as continuous phase resulting in aqueous dispersions with nanocapsules containing an aqueous core with the antiseptic agent. The encapsulated amount of the antiseptic agent was evaluated to indicate the durability of the nanocapsule's wall. In addition, the use of different types of polymers having glass transition temperatures (T(g)) ranging from 10 to 100 degrees C in this process has been also successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Paiphansiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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42
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Devani MJ, Ashford M, Craig DQM. The development and characterisation of triglyceride-based ‘spontaneous’ multiple emulsions. Int J Pharm 2005; 300:76-88. [PMID: 16023315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The formation of multiple emulsion droplets from two oil systems (Labrafil M 1944 CS and Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349) via a one-step process involving minimal agitation in aqueous media has been investigated in terms of the multiple character of the droplets, the particle size distribution, the stability and the lipolysis profile in the presence of pancreatic lipase. It was noted that multiple emulsion droplets were formed from both oils in the presence and absence of Tween 80, with the stability and particle size of the droplets being dependent on the composition and choice of media. It was noted that optimum stability of up to several days was obtained using 10% Tween 80 for both oils, with two stages of the breakdown process being apparent, the relative propensities of which being dependent on the oil used. The particle size distribution in distilled water indicated the presence of two distinct size populations corresponding to multiple and single droplets. It was noted that droplet breakdown was greatly accelerated in simulated intestinal fluid and in high pH media, with evidence for liquid crystal structure formation apparent. Lipolysis studies indicated that pegylation and the presence of surfactant slowed the degradation process. The study has indicated that 'spontaneous' multiple emulsion formation is indeed possible, with a reasonable if not necessarily optimal stability profile being observed for these systems.
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